WEBVTT

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Previously on life… For the poor,
you don\'t have to explain that

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\"You need a change!\" Everybody knows they
need a change, they just don\'t know how.

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Our big challenge is helping people to realize what are the
world-wide forces which are affecting our health and wellbeing today.

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The present global trading
regime is unfair,

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and that unfairness is transforming resources from
the South to the North and it is killing people.

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[sil.]

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Dress your willies.

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Five years ago, the World Bank predicted that Brazil would have
one million two hundred thousand people infected with HIV/AIDS.

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The Brazilian government responded
with a series of bold moves,

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involving the health service and
citizens groups across the nation.

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The number of HIV/AIDS carriers
forecast for Brazil has been halved.

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Dress your willies! Do you
know what condoms are for?

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Are you having sex?

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Well, are you?

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No? Well, even if you never use it, take
this condom, and practice on your own.

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So just how is Brazil succeeding

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in its war against AIDS?

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We\'ve traveled to Recife, capital of the State
of Pernambuco in the north east of Brazil.

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It\'s one of the regions hardest
hit by the AIDS epidemic.

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Most of the 600,000 people in Brazil carrying
the HIV/AIDS virus don\'t know they\'ve got it.

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The first that Emerson knew
he\'d developed full-blown AIDS

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was when five years ago he collapsed with a high fever. He was
near death when doctors treated him with a cocktail of medicines,

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including Brazilian made
Anti Retro-Viral drugs.

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[non-English narration]

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I had ganglion Tuberculosis.
There seemed to be no way out.

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I was really, really debilitated.
I couldn\'t even sunbathe.

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My mother was taking care of me 24 hours a day,
my family were already planning the funeral.

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[non-English narration]

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When I go to the pharmacy
I get the drugs for free.

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I\'ve been taking the drug cocktail for
five years without missing a single dose.

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[sil.]

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Maria is 27 and HIV positive. Last
year, her former husband died of AIDS.

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She had a three year-old son who also died of liver
disease complicated by an HIV related infection.

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She\'s since given birth
to her daughter Elena.

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When I was told I had HIV,

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I didn\'t understand what it meant.
I thought it was a death sentence

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and that the world would
end there and then.

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My white blood cell count was
already dangerously low.

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They gave me free medication at the
hospital. If they didn\'t do that,

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I would never have been able to pay
for it and without those medicines

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I wouldn\'t be here today
holding my daughter.

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Maria cannot breast-feed her baby because
of the risk of transmission of HIV.

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She was given ARVs, Anti Retro-Viral
drugs during her pregnancy

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to protect the baby, she still
doesn\'t know if she\'s clear.

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Without the Anti Retro-Viral drugs, it\'s unlikely
that Maria and Emerson would be alive today.

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It helps not to think of these medicines

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as a \"drug cocktail.\" They\'re easier to
take if you pretend they\'re beauty pills.

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[sil.]

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Next to prevention, triple drug therapy is the
best answer available at the present time

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to combat HIV/AIDS.

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All life consists of the same building blocks
that make up the molecular chain known as DNA.

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What distinguishes one form of
life from another is the code,

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or unique sequencing of building
blocks in the DNA chain.

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Roughly speaking, HIV reproduces itself
by invading the genetic material

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in the body\'s white blood
cells and breaking it up.

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It then combines with the genetic
material, inserting its own code.

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The result is a new DNA chain which is
no longer human but a replica of HIV.

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The so-called Retro-Virus can now
go on to re-infect other cells

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in the same way. The destruction
of the white blood cells

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leaves the body open to the opportunistic
infections seen in full-blown AIDS.

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Anti-Retro-Viral drugs

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slow down the action of HIV
to undetectable levels.

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In 1997, Brazil made a political commitment
to make these drugs available to everyone

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who needed them. But in order to do so,

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Brazil would have to obtain the
drugs at a price it could afford.

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So Brazil started making its
own \"generic\" medicines

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cheaper copies of brand-name drugs.

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Eloan Pinheiro is Director of the Far-Manguinas
drug production and research facility in Rio.

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Any country with the
political will could do this

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because these drugs are
actually not hard to make.

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It just needs a strong health minister,

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as we have, who\'s solidly
behind the free drugs program.

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We\'ve managed to bring down the
cost of many of the components

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in the AIDS cocktail by around 70%.

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[non-English narration]

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These are products that don\'t
come under our patent law

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because Brazilian patent law
only came into force in 1997.

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Drugs predating this law are
effectively un-patented in Brazil,

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leaving it free to manufacture them. Brazil
is breaking the Virtual Price Monopoly

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enjoyed under World Trade Agreements by
the major pharmaceuticals companies.

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They\'ve complained about Brazil\'s action.

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The drug companies say they need to charge
high prices in Latin America and Africa

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to pay for research into new drugs and that if they
were to lower their prices to the poorer countries

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they would lose heavily.

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In truth, the global drugs
business is worth $300 billion

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and 82% of this market is made up of
sales in the USA, Europe and Japan, 82%.

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[non-English narration]

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Latin America and the other markets
of the world make up only 18%,

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so how is it then that we poor countries
can cause so much harm to these companies

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with our share of the market?
It doesn\'t make sense.

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I ask you!

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We don\'t have a global agreement
for the global happiness.

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We have some agreements and
we have some interests

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that developed counties
particularly are trying to maintain

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as probably a way to maintain
their happiness, okay.

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[music]

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Pressed by influential drug companies, the United States government
recently threatened to make an official complaint about Brazil

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at the World Trade Organization.
The US argued

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that Brazil was not complying
with the WTO rules,

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under which would have to apply for what\'s known as
a Compulsory License, each time it wanted to make

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or import a generic medicine.
Amid adverse publicity,

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the US withdrew its case at the WTO.
Instead, a joint statement was issued

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on June 29th 2001, in which Brazil
agreed it would consult with the US

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before producing more generic drugs.
But it\'s only a temporary truce.

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We went to the Correa
Picanco Hospital in Recife,

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to meet one of Brazil\'s most
experienced HIV/AIDS specialists,

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Dr. Frederico Rangel. Dr. Rangel showed
us his war chest of AIDS medicines.

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About half are produced in Brazil
and the pharmaceuticals companies

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have drastically reduced prices of their
drugs that predate Brazil\'s patent law,

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Brazil would otherwise have
started to produce these, too.

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Merck laboratories pulled
down the price of this drug

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called Stocrin by about 75%,
making it worth our while

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importing directly from their labs.

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But now there\'s a new drug on the market called
Kaletra and people are demanding access to it.

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So the fight for drugs goes on.
Today it\'s for Kaletra

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just as yesterday it was for Stocrin or
Viracept. So the fight will go on in the future

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for other drugs too.

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Brazil is fighting for access to drugs

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to fight AIDS for all its people. This policy has
resulted in controversy at international forums.

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So we\'ve put our case to the world

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and we\'ve fought for it.
And what is our case?

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It is that access to medicines
is a basic human right.

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[non-English narration]

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Maria\'s baby, Elena, is due for a check up

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to see if the Anti-Retroviral drugs her
mother took during pregnancy have worked.

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In the first of three tests, doctors found no sign
of HIV. Today, Maria will find out the results

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of the second test.

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The second result is negative so together
with the first test there\'s a 99% chance

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that your baby is clear.

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It\'s not yet an \"all clear\"
but the signs are very good.

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We started scanning pregnant women

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for HIV in 1995, and
offered anti-retrovirals

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to those who tested positive, so to
avoid mother to child transmission.

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With these drugs and other precautions, we\'ve managed
to pull the mother to child transmission of HIV

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down from around 30%

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to less than 0.2%.

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Even when we are spending more
then $300 million on drugs

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for HIV people each year, we
are saving much more than this

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because we don\'t have any
more hospitalizations.

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We are not using all the drugs,

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so many quantities of drugs
for opportunistic infections

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and for other health problems.
And because we have people,

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working people with their
families, people producing

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and being health sufficient.

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And this at the end means
for the state, save money.

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Just across the street from the
hospital is a voluntary group

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dedicated to helping HIV positive mothers.

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[non-English narration]

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Maria\'s been coming for counseling ever
since the death of her first child.

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Their help has been really important for me

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over these past few years, ever
since finding out I had HIV.

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[non-English narration]

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Voluntary organizations fill in the gaps
Brazil\'s medical system is unable to cover.

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This group was formed by a woman who\'s child died of
AIDS, contracted through an infected blood transfusion.

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[non-English narration]

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For me he didn\'t die. He\'s
alive in my feelings,

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deep inside of me. With this
work, it\'s as if he lives on

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through the lives of those children we help. I want
them to have the chance of having things he never had.

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We have now more than 600
NGOs working in Brazil

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and conducting over 1,000 projects

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in all the areas, prevention,
care, social mobilization,

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uh… and also

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uh… monitoring the government response.
For us uh… this is the main,

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one of the main components of the
Brazilian response and one of the…

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the better answers to the question

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\"why the Brazilian model is
getting so many good results\".

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[sil.]

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Once a week Emerson attends a massage
workshop for people with HIV.

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[music]

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Being touched is the best therapy.

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It\'s the best gesture of solidarity and
support you can have if you\'ve got HIV.

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You feel more human

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when your body is massaged, touched,
without any discrimination.

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[music]

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It\'s wonderful for an HIV carrier being
made to feel relaxed and secure.

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[music]

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I\'m losing all my muscles and the fat

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from my face has disappeared,
it\'s called lipodystrophy.

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But I\'m not going to stop taking the medicine
and I am going to go for physiotherapy.

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[non-English narration]

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For those suffering side effects from the
triple cocktail drugs and they can be serious,

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there\'s a regular discussion group.

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Reynaldo has had several narrow escapes
from death with opportunistic infections.

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He\'s also having trouble coping with the
side effects from the triple cocktail.

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[non-English narration]

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Bananas are good to combat side effects, especially
for example with Zidovudine which gives you diarrhea,

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that\'s my advice to you.
Eat as many as possible

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and as wide a variety as you can
find, the more bananas the better.

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[non-English narration]

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And they help you regain your muscles.

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Groups like this are helping people stick
to the often debilitating drug regime

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and the results show, adherence
rates in Brazil are the same

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as those in the USA.

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I have lipodystrophy too.

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It\'s complicated because body fat completely
disappears from some parts of the body

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and it all collects in one single part.
I\'ve always exercised

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and here I am with a fat belly. I
never had a fat belly in my life.

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[non-English narration]

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Despite all the exercises the
stomach fat doesn\'t go away.

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[non-English narration]

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Dr. Rangel has looked after
Reynaldo for the past 11 years.

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His experience indicates a disturbing
trend among those affected by HIV/AIDS.

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AIDS is becoming a disease of the poor

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and it\'s reaching further and further into the
interior of the country. The further it goes,

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the worse the situation. And there
is a new group, its married women.

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We used to see 30 or 40 men
to one woman with HIV.

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Now it\'s one to one and in some
places it\'s one man to two women.

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[music]

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Brazil is a vast country and it\'s the voluntary groups who are
reaching out to ever more remote communities being hit by AIDS.

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Geronimo\'s organization
works with HIV/AIDS victims

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isolated 800 kilometers or
more into the interior.

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[music]

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We\'re going to visit an HIV patient.

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She\'s having difficulties getting one of
her infected children to the hospital

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once or twice a month for treatment.

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Her husband died

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leaving her pregnant with four
children to take care of.

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So she\'s now living in poverty
with five small children.

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[sil.]

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Evanilda.

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Evanilda, my friend.

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[sil.]

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Come and give us a hug.

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I\'ve brought some friends here with me.

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How\'s this girl? Can I come in?

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[sil.]

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So how did you find out you were
infected in the first place?

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It was when my husband got ill,

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when he was put into hospital. If he\'d survived
I wouldn\'t have known anything about it.

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So now you\'re waiting to see
if the children are infected?

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[non-English narration]

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They\'re being tested.

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[non-English narration]

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Yes, and I\'ve been getting headaches and vomiting
with the drugs, they make me feel dizzy.

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[non-English narration]

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These are pretty common side effects.
Yes I thought that.

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Oh, my God, that\'s because of the medicine!

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But you are taking the pills, aren\'t you? Yes,
of course I\'m still taking them. Don\'t stop.

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I know very well, it\'s not
for the rest of my life.

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Maybe I can go on for another year or two.

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No. It\'s not like that. The
number of years you have

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will depend on your own efforts to take care
of yourself. But there\'s also the food problem

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because I haven\'t been eating very well.
I\'ve been paying to re-build the house.

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Eva\'s house has been rebuilt
with Geronimo\'s help,

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the old house blew down in a rainstorm.

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Poverty, really, is the root
of most of the problems here

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and poor people have the hardest time of this
disease and food is an important problem.

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If you eat properly, the
drugs will be more effective

00:22:40.000 --> 00:22:44.999
and you\'ll start feeling better
and you\'ll find the side effects

00:22:45.000 --> 00:22:49.999
will not be so strong.

00:22:50.000 --> 00:22:54.999
[non-English narration]

00:22:55.000 --> 00:22:59.999
I know. I spend the money
on food or on the house.

00:23:00.000 --> 00:23:04.999
The children are hungry.

00:23:05.000 --> 00:23:09.999
I can\'t try and find work with a baby.
I\'m trying my hand at fishing.

00:23:10.000 --> 00:23:14.999
[sil.]

00:23:15.000 --> 00:23:19.999
[non-English narration]

00:23:20.000 --> 00:23:24.999
If you don\'t put meat in
this, it doesn\'t work.

00:23:25.000 --> 00:23:29.999
[sil.]

00:23:30.000 --> 00:23:34.999
At least I can take care of
them like this and we can live.

00:23:35.000 --> 00:23:43.000
[sil.]

00:23:50.000 --> 00:23:54.999
[music]

00:23:55.000 --> 00:23:59.999
The difficulty of living here

00:24:00.000 --> 00:24:04.999
and the isolation make it harder for
people to stick to the treatment.

00:24:05.000 --> 00:24:09.999
[music]

00:24:10.000 --> 00:24:14.999
Even in the more poor countries
in the world people,

00:24:15.000 --> 00:24:19.999
infected people - know that

00:24:20.000 --> 00:24:24.999
there is a treatment available.

00:24:25.000 --> 00:24:29.999
[music]

00:24:30.000 --> 00:24:34.999
That they and their family and their friends
can survive if they have access to drugs.

00:24:35.000 --> 00:24:39.999
So triple therapy has,

00:24:40.000 --> 00:24:44.999
meant mobilizing people to demand their
right to have access to the treatment

00:24:45.000 --> 00:24:49.999
available in developed countries.

00:24:50.000 --> 00:24:54.999
When you give people the proper treatment

00:24:55.000 --> 00:24:59.999
it humanizes them.

00:25:00.000 --> 00:25:04.999
It improves their self-esteem and
self-love. This is very important.

00:25:05.000 --> 00:25:09.999
If you treat people in this way, it
helps prevent the spread of HIV.

00:25:10.000 --> 00:25:14.999
I\'ve changed.

00:25:15.000 --> 00:25:19.999
I used to only think of myself. I
never thought about helping others.

00:25:20.000 --> 00:25:24.999
Now I\'m a better person. I
don\'t think like that anymore.

00:25:25.000 --> 00:25:29.999
I have a different outlook on life,

00:25:30.000 --> 00:25:34.999
I\'m able to make more friends.

00:25:35.000 --> 00:25:39.999
I care about others and their
problems as if they were my own.

00:25:40.000 --> 00:25:44.999
[sil.]

00:25:45.000 --> 00:25:49.999
I want everyone seeing this film who\'s prejudiced
to know that HIV is a disease like any other.

00:25:50.000 --> 00:25:54.999
So forget your prejudice,
it\'s happened to me

00:25:55.000 --> 00:25:59.999
and it could happen to anyone of you.
It\'s a disease like any other

00:26:00.000 --> 00:26:05.000
and prejudice is almost
worse than the disease.