An international group of veterans builds a village in Vietnam for children…
Eternal Harvest
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- Transcript
Between 1964 and 1973, in an offshoot of the Vietnam War, the U.S. military dropped 4 billion pounds of explosives on Laos, making it the most heavily bombed country—per capita—on the planet. Up to 30 percent of those bombs did not detonate, and they remain in the Laotian soil today as UXO—unexploded ordnance—contaminating more than one-third of surface area of the country. Tens of thousands of civilians have been killed and injured in UXO accidents since the war officially ended. The first bombs fell more than 50 years ago, and still today, more Laotians are hurt and killed.
Eternal Harvest introduces Laotians who lived through the bombing campaign and those who live with bombs in their fields today. The film features local and foreign experts who explain the scope and hazards of the problem as well as how UXO is removed safely.
Hundreds of Laotians work daily to clear bombs from their country. Only a handful of Americans have ever joined them. One, Jim Harris, is a retired school principal from Wisconsin. He has returned year after year for more than 20 years—to atone for the incredible devastation committed by his government.
Citation
Main credits
Redfern, Jerry (screenwriter)
Redfern, Jerry (film director)
Redfern, Jerry (film producer)
Redfern, Jerry (editor of moving image work)
Other credits
Music composed and performed by Peter Gilbert; editing, Michael Kamins.
Distributor subjects
No distributor subjects provided.Keywords
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[ brooding music ]
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[ temple bells ]
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The security of all Southeast Asia
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will be endangered if Laos loses its neutral independence.
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I want to make it clear to the American people
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that all we want in Laos is peace, not war.
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In the words of the Old Testament:
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[ jet engine ]
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"Nation shall not lift up sword against nation."
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[ jet engine ]
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There are no American combat forces in Laos.
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We do have aerial reconnaissance.
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Uh...
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We do have, perhaps, some other activities.
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[ jet engine ]
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I won't discuss those other activities at this time.
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(TV presenter) The United States is said to be flying
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an average of 500 air sorties a day
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sometimes
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as many as 20,000 a month
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against targets in Laos.
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[ dark music ]
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[ gurgling water ]
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[ traditional Lao music ]
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[ temple bells ]
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Six decades ago, this country fell into civil war.
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And as the fighting raged next door in Vietnam,
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your neighbors and foreign powers, including the United States,
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intervened here.
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At the time, the US government did not acknowledge America's role.
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It was a secret war.
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[ dark music ]
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Even now, many Americans are not fully aware of this chapter in our history
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and it's important that we remember it today.
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Over nine years,
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from 1964
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to 1973
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The United States dropped more than two million tons of bombs
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here in Laos.
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More than we dropped on Germany and Japan combined
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during all of World War II.
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It made Laos, per person, the most heavily bombed country in history.
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As one Laotian said,
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"The bombs fell like rain."
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Villages and entire valleys were
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obliterated.
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Countless civilians were killed.
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That conflict was another reminder that,
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whatever the cause, whatever our intentions,
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war inflicts a terrible toll.
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Especially on innocent men, women, and children.
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[ temple bells ]
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[ crickets and cowbells ]
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[ jaunty music ]
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[ loud tractor noise ]
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[ wind and water sounds ]
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[ transplanting rice ]
plop plop plop plop
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[ cowbells and crickets ]
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[ indistinct talking in Lao ]
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[ background talking, dishes clattering ]
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[ crickets ]
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[ crickets and cow mooing ]
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[ pot clattering ]
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[ blowing on crackling fire ]
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[ pot bubbling, spoon scraping ]
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[ birds chirping ]
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[ crickets ]
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[ temple bells ]
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[ slow, plucked string instrument ]
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You know,
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one of the things that we try really hard to do at the Embassy,
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and that many of my predecessors
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and all of our predecessors have done,
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is to give people who come here
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a sense of the
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magnitude of the problem and also our efforts to address it.
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[ unsettled string music ]
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[ building drums ]
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You know, you can know about it, but you don't really know about it
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until you...
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see it.
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One!
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Two!
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Three!
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[ multiple explosions ]
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[ temple bells ]
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Wow! This is so great!
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You know, for a mikah person to
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have so much passion
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to go back to Laos.
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[ explosion ]
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And go back to Laos and help clean up!
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[ calm guitar music ]
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[ indistinct chatting ]
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I pledge allegiance to the flag
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of the United States of America
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and to the republic for which it stands
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one nation, under God
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indivisible
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with liberty and justice for all.
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America dropped about 280 million
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of these little bomblets
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on Laos.
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So, the airplane flew over,
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a canister fell out and opened up like a clamshell,
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and when it opened up,
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670 of these
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fell out.
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And when they landed,
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Ba-ba-ba-ba-ba-ba-ba-ba-ba-ba-ba-ba-ba boom!
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The problem, of course, for the cleanup after the war
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is that somewhere between 10 and 30 percent
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didn't go off.
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Maybe they landed in the mud, a little too soft.
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Now they're underground.
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Maybe they fell through triple-canopy rainforest
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through the vines,
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the leaves, the branches.
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Landed too soft.
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If they didn't go off,
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they'll wait to go off.
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They'll wait to go off.
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They're very patient.
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Thanks for being such good listeners!
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[ clapping ]
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Thank you!
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[ indistinct talking and cooking sounds ]
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When we first moved to Wausau
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it was not a diverse community.
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I'm having trouble hearing you
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I'm sorry it must be my phone.
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Hi!
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(Jim) The first Hmong families
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came to Wausau
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as a consequence of the war ending.
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Marty took it upon herself to
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invite Hmong elders into her school.
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And she would conduct art classes for the elders.
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(Marty) When it first started we were simply doing...
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I think an educational service.
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(Jim) When I became a principal of the Weston School
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in 1993,
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there were nine Hmong kids in the building.
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And when I retired 10 years later there were 147.
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So I was born in Laos and
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came to this state when I was four and a half, almost five.
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Way back in the 1980s.
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(Jim) We very quickly went from just a few families,
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a few individuals,
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to hundreds, and ultimately to thousands.
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Coming to Wausau it was like,
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everything was...
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white American.
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And it's like, "Okay..."
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"This is very different."
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But we kinda got used to it.
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(Jim) And I would say it loud and proud,
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I think it was the best thing that's happened to Wausau
in my lifetime.
00:21:48.557 --> 00:21:50.559
[ calm guitar music ]
00:21:51.518 --> 00:21:53.520
[ birds singing ]
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(Marty) Well, it started with a family
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at Jim's school where he was principal.
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Well ask them if they know Jim.
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They'll tell you stories about when I was a principal.
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[ talking on phone ]
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(Marty) And we just, every year or two we'd add some more.
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So we went from starting with nine or ten gardens
which were
00:22:15.959 --> 00:22:17.961
primarily the elders to
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15, 18.
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[ indistinct talking ]
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I can't swim!
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And the baby can't swim.
How are we gonna get across?
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You know, in reality a Hmong person
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should be doing this.
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But yet, it's not.
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It's a mikah person who loves the Hmong people
so much.
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I told you about going into the refugee camp?
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Where you have to stay until they find a home for you
in America?
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Goodness...
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Can you find anybody on that crossing with the bamboo poles?
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Yeah. Right there. Yeah.
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We can take our kids there
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and remember what our life used to be.
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Every time
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we have the museum open,
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without fail,
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somebody, some member of the public or the community will say,
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"I had no idea."
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When a war ends,
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all the bombs that were dropped that didn't explode
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are still in the land and dangerous.
00:23:43.505 --> 00:23:45.549
You know, I don't know at what stage I thought,
00:23:45.549 --> 00:23:48.176
"Oh, thus and such is gonna happen next."
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I think it just grew.
00:23:49.761 --> 00:23:50.929
It evolved.
00:23:52.722 --> 00:23:54.724
[ calm guitar music ]
00:23:57.352 --> 00:24:00.689
So I thought for a couple or three years,
00:24:00.689 --> 00:24:04.317
I really thought my mission was to raise consciousness.
00:24:04.609 --> 00:24:09.197
And that if I told a lot of people about what I had seen,
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and the victims that I had met
00:24:11.032 --> 00:24:13.869
that I would be raising consciousness and then
00:24:13.869 --> 00:24:16.788
something good was gonna happen.
00:24:17.080 --> 00:24:19.082
And that's when I had my epiphany.
00:24:19.708 --> 00:24:21.960
I thought, "No..."
00:24:22.461 --> 00:24:25.797
People are living or dying
00:24:26.673 --> 00:24:30.218
because of the effects of the UXO.
00:24:32.220 --> 00:24:34.431
(Jim) Because if somebody doesn't do something,
00:24:34.514 --> 00:24:36.516
raising consciousness,
00:24:36.683 --> 00:24:40.228
making some well-intentioned people feel guilty,
00:24:40.312 --> 00:24:42.063
that isn't gonna change anything.
00:24:42.147 --> 00:24:44.482
And that was the day I said, "Oh. Well then.
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The hell with consciousness raising.
00:24:48.278 --> 00:24:50.280
I'm gonna go do something."
00:24:50.280 --> 00:24:52.657
And that was the day that I resolved that
00:24:52.657 --> 00:24:55.118
I would start removing ordnance.
00:24:57.787 --> 00:24:59.789
[ explosion ]
00:25:03.335 --> 00:25:05.337
[ truck grinding ]
00:25:09.508 --> 00:25:11.509
[ explosion ]
00:25:14.804 --> 00:25:16.806
So, someone like Jim,
00:25:16.806 --> 00:25:18.808
who is out, um...
00:25:19.142 --> 00:25:21.144
working on this UXO issue,
00:25:21.561 --> 00:25:23.146
he is making an impact
00:25:23.146 --> 00:25:25.649
in the villages in which he is working
00:25:26.191 --> 00:25:28.777
on a very human way.
00:25:29.736 --> 00:25:31.738
[ explosion ]
00:25:40.163 --> 00:25:42.165
[ massive white phosphorus explosion ]
00:25:47.504 --> 00:25:49.506
[ temple bells ]
00:25:51.549 --> 00:25:53.551
In my military career I've worked on
00:25:53.551 --> 00:25:55.554
many bombing ranges
00:25:55.929 --> 00:25:57.764
where no one lived.
00:25:58.139 --> 00:26:01.351
And I always describe Laos as the biggest bombing range
00:26:01.351 --> 00:26:04.479
where people are actually living on the range itself.
00:26:05.272 --> 00:26:08.191
So I was in the military for 22 years
00:26:08.191 --> 00:26:10.193
as an EOD operator.
00:26:10.318 --> 00:26:11.653
Retired.
00:26:11.903 --> 00:26:14.906
And I've been here ever since, working for different NGOs
00:26:14.906 --> 00:26:16.908
and different commercial companies.
00:26:17.951 --> 00:26:20.453
In the provinces, I wouldn't put a shovel in the ground
00:26:20.453 --> 00:26:22.664
without using a metal detector, mine detector
00:26:22.664 --> 00:26:25.959
to make sure there were no ordnance underneath the ground.
00:26:28.211 --> 00:26:29.921
Huge problem.
00:26:30.255 --> 00:26:31.965
Huge problem.
00:26:33.133 --> 00:26:34.718
People still getting killed.
00:26:34.718 --> 00:26:36.928
Children, adults are still getting killed every
00:26:37.012 --> 00:26:39.014
week in the provinces.
00:26:51.860 --> 00:26:53.862
[ somber music ]
00:28:38.883 --> 00:28:43.012
I find myself using the figure 20,000 casualties
00:28:43.012 --> 00:28:44.931
post-conflict, in Lao.
00:28:45.348 --> 00:28:47.976
Those are the people who were killed or injured.
00:28:48.601 --> 00:28:52.647
In Lao, half the population probably lives on uncleared land.
00:28:53.440 --> 00:28:54.941
So the fear factor.
00:28:54.941 --> 00:29:00.613
You may have 20,000 killed or injured,
but you have millions of people who live in fear.
00:29:09.789 --> 00:29:11.791
[ chickens ]
00:29:27.348 --> 00:29:29.142
[ somber string music ]
00:29:46.743 --> 00:29:48.536
[ somber string music ]
00:30:00.256 --> 00:30:02.258
[ water sounds ]
00:31:27.969 --> 00:31:31.097
This last trip to Lao was especially...
00:31:31.097 --> 00:31:32.599
hard.
00:31:32.599 --> 00:31:34.601
A little 12-year-old girl
00:31:34.601 --> 00:31:36.603
named Sunsamei.
00:31:37.270 --> 00:31:39.897
Her family aspired to do coffee.
00:31:41.691 --> 00:31:43.693
And every Saturday
00:31:43.985 --> 00:31:46.696
that Sunsamei wasn't in school she'd go with her mother
00:31:46.696 --> 00:31:49.073
and they'd plant more seedlings.
00:31:49.824 --> 00:31:51.826
The very last day
00:31:52.535 --> 00:31:54.537
of their planting effort
00:31:54.996 --> 00:31:56.998
everybody was tired.
00:31:57.165 --> 00:32:01.669
Sunsamei said to her aunt, "Auntie, I'll carry your hoe for you."
00:32:01.753 --> 00:32:04.255
And so she took the aunt's hoe.
00:32:04.380 --> 00:32:06.674
And as she walked, she wasn't using the hoe as a tool
00:32:06.674 --> 00:32:09.802
she simply walked along with the hoe as a walking stick.
00:32:36.829 --> 00:32:39.123
And she happened to
00:32:39.499 --> 00:32:42.210
set the head of the hoe down and hit
00:32:43.002 --> 00:32:45.672
a 20mm shell
00:32:45.755 --> 00:32:47.298
the size of my thumb.
00:33:46.023 --> 00:33:48.026
[ temple bells ]
00:33:50.403 --> 00:33:52.947
The Lao government has made priorities based on
00:33:53.197 --> 00:33:55.908
provincial coordination and
00:33:55.908 --> 00:33:58.202
the contamination level in each province.
00:33:58.536 --> 00:34:00.788
Because the problem is so dense.
00:34:01.497 --> 00:34:02.874
The sheer amount
00:34:02.874 --> 00:34:04.876
is enormous.
00:34:05.543 --> 00:34:07.545
So nine provinces are prioritized.
00:34:07.920 --> 00:34:09.505
And the rest are not.
00:34:09.672 --> 00:34:11.799
That doesn't mean that they don't have contamination.
00:34:11.883 --> 00:34:15.678
But the resources to deal with that is simply not in place.
00:34:29.358 --> 00:34:33.404
Vientiane Province is not the priority province.
00:34:33.780 --> 00:34:35.782
(Per) There is an enormous problem.
00:34:36.616 --> 00:34:38.618
Three to four hundred million US dollars.
00:34:38.743 --> 00:34:40.745
Five hundred million US dollars.
00:34:41.037 --> 00:34:42.288
Something like that.
00:34:42.288 --> 00:34:44.874
Then the problem can be manageable.
00:34:49.128 --> 00:34:51.130
[ calm guitar music ]
00:34:56.636 --> 00:34:58.638
[ car zooming ]
00:35:04.477 --> 00:35:06.479
[ indistinct talking ]
00:35:15.029 --> 00:35:16.405
Phongsali
00:35:16.405 --> 00:35:18.616
has never had any assistance up there
00:35:18.616 --> 00:35:21.369
since the end of the war, apart from
00:35:21.369 --> 00:35:25.164
Jim Harris who's come out and hired a rapid response team.
00:35:26.374 --> 00:35:28.876
(Jim) What we found in Phongsali, you know,
00:35:28.876 --> 00:35:32.046
everything that America dropped on Phongsali 40 years ago
00:35:32.046 --> 00:35:35.383
if it didn't explode when it hit the ground, it's still there.
00:35:44.100 --> 00:35:46.102
[ calm guitar music ]
00:35:56.237 --> 00:35:58.239
[ water and voices ]
00:36:01.242 --> 00:36:03.244
[ children's voices playing ]
00:36:12.295 --> 00:36:14.297
[ crying and laughter ]
00:36:15.047 --> 00:36:17.049
[ ominous guitar ]
00:36:26.517 --> 00:36:29.061
(Jim) I was sleeping at the clinic
00:36:29.270 --> 00:36:31.606
That's where we had our camp, at the clinic,
00:36:31.606 --> 00:36:33.774
and he brought me a mortar!
00:36:34.025 --> 00:36:36.944
I think I remember, when they built the house they had to
00:36:36.944 --> 00:36:38.571
fill in a crater.
00:36:38.946 --> 00:36:40.615
Do I remember that right?
00:36:40.865 --> 00:36:42.867
[ talking in Lao ]
00:36:43.910 --> 00:36:45.244
(Song) OK, the bomb crater is
00:36:45.244 --> 00:36:46.954
just here.
00:36:46.954 --> 00:36:49.790
And we cleared the land so he could
00:36:49.790 --> 00:36:51.792
build the house.
00:36:54.879 --> 00:36:56.881
[ motorcycles, birds twittering ]
00:36:58.883 --> 00:37:00.885
It's hard, even after five years.
00:37:01.093 --> 00:37:03.095
And things have changed.
00:37:06.098 --> 00:37:08.100
Well, I'm glad I'm not coming back in my 80s.
00:37:08.100 --> 00:37:10.102
I wouldn't have a chance.
00:37:11.979 --> 00:37:13.981
Tell this man I'm looking for his bomb!
00:37:14.148 --> 00:37:16.150
[ laughter ]
00:37:16.817 --> 00:37:18.402
I've probably dealt with
00:37:18.402 --> 00:37:20.404
I don't know ... four or five hundred
00:37:20.696 --> 00:37:23.616
big bombs. But they're the ones that have been
on the surface.
00:37:24.075 --> 00:37:26.077
No one has started digging out the big bombs
00:37:26.077 --> 00:37:28.079
that are buried.
00:37:28.412 --> 00:37:30.414
[ talking in Lao ]
00:37:31.248 --> 00:37:33.251
He says the bomb is buried
00:37:33.751 --> 00:37:35.044
here!
00:37:35.127 --> 00:37:36.921
(Jim) When I was here five years ago
00:37:36.921 --> 00:37:38.714
we dug and we looked.
00:37:38.714 --> 00:37:41.008
We did not have a team big enough.
00:37:41.550 --> 00:37:44.136
If we found it, we couldn't do anything with it.
00:37:44.136 --> 00:37:45.346
That was the problem.
00:37:46.681 --> 00:37:49.225
This bomb has given me nightmares.
00:37:51.352 --> 00:37:53.354
[ talking in Lao ]
00:37:53.896 --> 00:37:56.107
[ ominous music ]
00:38:16.919 --> 00:38:19.422
And there was one over there? They said the story was
00:38:19.422 --> 00:38:21.549
that there was a fire last week that exploded?
00:38:21.549 --> 00:38:22.591
Yes!
00:38:54.999 --> 00:38:56.625
[ ominous music ]
00:38:56.876 --> 00:39:00.129
(Jim) There's an accident that was never probably reported.
00:39:00.254 --> 00:39:02.256
So we say, "How many accidents a year?"
00:39:02.423 --> 00:39:04.425
It's just part of life.
00:39:05.051 --> 00:39:07.053
If nobody was seriously injured, why,
00:39:07.344 --> 00:39:09.972
why take the time to report an accident?
00:39:10.598 --> 00:39:12.600
[ talking in Lao ]
00:39:13.142 --> 00:39:15.144
[ distant popping sounds ]
00:39:39.251 --> 00:39:41.253
[ wind in the hills ]
00:40:00.439 --> 00:40:02.441
[ distant motorcycles, radio ]
00:40:23.420 --> 00:40:25.422
(Song) Huh. Chisels here.
00:40:25.422 --> 00:40:27.425
Tap-tap-tap...
00:40:29.343 --> 00:40:31.345
OH! WHOA! NO NO NO!
00:40:40.646 --> 00:40:42.648
[ rooster crows ]
00:40:51.282 --> 00:40:53.284
[ people talking in Lao ]
00:40:53.409 --> 00:40:55.411
[ rooster crows ]
00:41:00.040 --> 00:41:01.667
Here we go...
00:41:01.750 --> 00:41:02.835
Inside...
00:41:03.002 --> 00:41:03.586
There!
00:41:03.586 --> 00:41:05.171
Right there. See the booster?
00:41:50.049 --> 00:41:52.051
[ Chickens clucking in background ]
00:41:56.222 --> 00:41:58.224
[ rooster crows ]
00:42:16.075 --> 00:42:18.077
[ chickens clucking in background ]
00:42:37.596 --> 00:42:39.598
[ temple bells ]
00:42:42.559 --> 00:42:44.561
[ traditional Hmong music ]
00:42:57.950 --> 00:42:59.952
(Jim) The Bolaven Plateau
00:42:59.952 --> 00:43:01.954
in southern Laos
00:43:02.329 --> 00:43:05.958
is one of the premier coffee regions of the world.
00:43:07.960 --> 00:43:11.463
It should be known around the world like Jamaican Blue Mountain.
00:43:11.463 --> 00:43:13.465
Like Kona in Hawaii.
00:43:13.674 --> 00:43:15.676
Seven months...
00:43:15.676 --> 00:43:17.678
eight months...
00:43:17.678 --> 00:43:19.680
for harvest.
00:43:20.681 --> 00:43:23.267
(Jim) I've got photographs following the bean
00:43:23.267 --> 00:43:25.436
from the bush to the roaster.
00:43:25.769 --> 00:43:28.689
What I tell people is, it's direct trade.
00:43:29.189 --> 00:43:31.191
I know the farmers.
00:43:31.191 --> 00:43:33.610
These are from family farms.
00:43:43.912 --> 00:43:45.914
I have 800 pounds to sell
00:43:45.914 --> 00:43:49.585
so I can take a team and go clear ordnance.
00:43:57.593 --> 00:44:01.305
We tell people, "You know, you're not just buying coffee."
00:44:04.475 --> 00:44:06.477
[ bird song ]
00:44:06.894 --> 00:44:08.896
[ plucky guitar music ]
00:44:09.813 --> 00:44:12.358
Given the modest resources that we have,
00:44:12.650 --> 00:44:15.027
and I've never gone to Lao for a work project
00:44:15.027 --> 00:44:17.571
where I had in excess of $20,000,
00:44:18.530 --> 00:44:21.575
what is our work about if it's so modest?
00:44:22.117 --> 00:44:24.536
We want to be a demonstration project.
00:44:25.037 --> 00:44:27.790
Let's approach the problem in a way
00:44:27.915 --> 00:44:30.834
that we make something more positive happen
00:44:30.834 --> 00:44:33.253
when we leave.
00:44:37.549 --> 00:44:39.551
[ plucky guitar music ]
00:44:48.268 --> 00:44:50.270
[ indistinct talking ]
00:45:00.489 --> 00:45:03.617
[ temple bells ]
00:45:06.578 --> 00:45:09.164
[ soft string music ]
00:45:11.750 --> 00:45:13.752
[ birdsong ]
00:45:15.212 --> 00:45:16.922
[ camera click ]
00:45:38.485 --> 00:45:39.987
(Jim) I don't know that I've ever
00:45:39.987 --> 00:45:41.989
been involved in a project
00:45:41.989 --> 00:45:44.491
an occupation, avocation, hobby
00:45:45.117 --> 00:45:47.119
special interest that's
00:45:47.119 --> 00:45:49.955
quite as important to me as the work I do here.
00:45:52.082 --> 00:45:54.668
[ soft string music ]
00:46:05.846 --> 00:46:07.848
[ pounding ]
pok pok pok
00:46:15.230 --> 00:46:17.232
[ indistinct talking, birdsong ]
00:46:20.194 --> 00:46:22.863
And nobody, nobody knows before they come here.
00:46:22.863 --> 00:46:25.240
You know I think there's a really shocking lack
00:46:25.282 --> 00:46:27.367
of awareness and knowledge.
00:46:27.367 --> 00:46:29.703
I mean it was a secret war, right?
00:46:30.370 --> 00:46:34.374
But why there's not more Americans becoming passionate about it
00:46:34.666 --> 00:46:36.668
um, again, I don't know.
00:46:37.669 --> 00:46:39.671
[ pounding ]
pok pok pok
00:46:40.130 --> 00:46:42.132
(Marty) This many years later I feel like
00:46:42.299 --> 00:46:43.884
he wants to give back.
00:46:43.884 --> 00:46:47.262
kind of on behalf of the citizens of our country,
00:46:47.804 --> 00:46:49.806
people in our community,
00:46:49.806 --> 00:46:52.351
people in our circle of friends and acquaintances
00:46:52.684 --> 00:46:56.146
who really did object to that war effort.
00:46:57.314 --> 00:47:00.776
Seeing the legacy that's left here in the landscape of Lao
00:47:01.151 --> 00:47:05.614
and knowing that the US is underserving that cleanup
00:47:05.989 --> 00:47:08.742
I think that really adds to his commitment.
00:47:10.661 --> 00:47:12.663
[ jaunty Hmong music ]
00:48:32.576 --> 00:48:34.202
I mean for us, it's a
00:48:34.202 --> 00:48:36.038
it's a partnership made in heaven
00:48:36.038 --> 00:48:37.539
I don't know what we'd do if we didn't have it.
00:48:37.539 --> 00:48:41.835
Because we would really struggle to implement
any of our projects if we didn't have
00:48:41.835 --> 00:48:43.337
his support.
00:48:43.337 --> 00:48:46.882
I'm actually shocked at how many NGOs here don't consider it
00:48:46.882 --> 00:48:50.260
and don't think about it when they're working in UXO contaminated areas.
00:48:50.427 --> 00:48:52.429
For us it's really really strong
00:48:52.429 --> 00:48:54.264
that we will not do any of that work
00:48:54.264 --> 00:48:56.433
without UXO clearance.
00:48:59.936 --> 00:49:01.938
[ leaves crunching ]
00:49:03.482 --> 00:49:05.484
[ metal detector beeping ]
00:49:07.736 --> 00:49:09.738
[ metal detector beeping ]
00:49:14.868 --> 00:49:17.371
(Jim) The Japanese made a contribution
00:49:17.496 --> 00:49:20.207
of a massive device
00:49:20.207 --> 00:49:23.460
that was supposed to grind over the Lao countryside
00:49:23.460 --> 00:49:25.462
and detonate cluster bombs.
00:49:25.963 --> 00:49:28.882
And it arrived in Lao with a lot of fanfare.
00:49:29.508 --> 00:49:33.553
It weighed too much to cross over any of the bridges in Lao.
00:49:33.804 --> 00:49:35.806
And it failed.
00:49:37.140 --> 00:49:38.892
It comes down to
00:49:39.059 --> 00:49:42.145
a Lao technician, a Lao deminer, and a metal detector
00:49:42.270 --> 00:49:43.981
looking for the ordnance
00:49:43.981 --> 00:49:46.900
and then blowing them up, one piece at a time.
00:49:50.821 --> 00:49:52.823
The particular challenge in this site
00:49:52.948 --> 00:49:54.408
is the danger.
00:49:54.408 --> 00:49:55.826
The road is dangerous.
00:49:55.826 --> 00:49:57.786
We came by some areas that
00:49:57.911 --> 00:50:01.707
are there today but wouldn't be there
if we had two solid days of heavy rain.
00:50:01.707 --> 00:50:03.125
That road will go.
00:50:03.125 --> 00:50:04.793
It'll be washed away.
00:50:04.793 --> 00:50:06.795
And our team, our guys justifiably
00:50:06.795 --> 00:50:08.797
are a little worried about their own safety.
00:50:08.797 --> 00:50:11.883
They know that if they get injured over here
00:50:11.883 --> 00:50:13.885
– and it wouldn't have to be bombs –
00:50:13.885 --> 00:50:16.513
you know you get speared with a spike of bamboo.
00:50:16.513 --> 00:50:18.890
You get bit by a snake. You could have
00:50:18.890 --> 00:50:20.267
heatstroke.
00:50:20.267 --> 00:50:22.269
All kinds of things that are hazards here.
00:50:22.269 --> 00:50:24.479
And, and on top of that, the bombs.
00:50:24.479 --> 00:50:26.648
And our guys have to have in mind that
00:50:26.648 --> 00:50:28.775
if they were critically injured
00:50:29.568 --> 00:50:30.318
the best we
00:50:30.318 --> 00:50:33.530
can hope for, we have a relationship with CARE
00:50:33.530 --> 00:50:34.322
and they've said, "Well,
00:50:34.322 --> 00:50:36.324
you start down the mountain...
00:50:36.533 --> 00:50:39.828
and if you get to an impasse, we'll come up
00:50:39.828 --> 00:50:42.372
from down below. And then we'll transfer the person."
00:50:42.873 --> 00:50:43.999
Well,
00:50:45.917 --> 00:50:47.919
That's not ideal.
00:50:49.421 --> 00:50:52.090
We are here. Let's give our guys credit.
00:50:52.424 --> 00:50:54.426
We are here taking the risk.
00:50:57.471 --> 00:50:59.473
[ metal detector whirring ]
00:51:05.061 --> 00:51:07.063
[ traditional Hmong song ]
00:51:07.939 --> 00:51:09.941
It's interesting. If you overlay a map of
00:51:10.233 --> 00:51:12.235
UXO contamination
00:51:12.569 --> 00:51:13.737
in Laos with a
00:51:13.737 --> 00:51:15.739
poverty map of Laos
00:51:15.781 --> 00:51:18.658
the areas are very much the same.
00:51:20.744 --> 00:51:23.705
It's not because of UXO that the poverty is there.
00:51:24.081 --> 00:51:26.083
Those are upland areas
00:51:26.083 --> 00:51:28.085
where the Ho Chi Minh Trail happened to go.
00:51:28.543 --> 00:51:31.088
But it's just a very bad combination of elements
00:51:31.088 --> 00:51:33.298
that has led to that.
00:51:36.343 --> 00:51:38.345
[ breeze ]
00:51:40.305 --> 00:51:42.307
[ hoeing earth ]
chop chop chop
00:51:49.439 --> 00:51:52.651
It's now a really terrible combination of those factors
00:51:52.651 --> 00:51:54.653
coming together in those areas
00:51:54.653 --> 00:51:57.697
all along the eastern border of Laos.
00:51:58.532 --> 00:52:00.534
[ metal detector whirring ]
00:52:03.328 --> 00:52:05.330
It's hard to build roads here.
00:52:05.330 --> 00:52:07.415
It's hard to do
00:52:07.415 --> 00:52:09.626
a variety of things that you would
00:52:09.626 --> 00:52:13.213
expect a country at this stage of its development
00:52:13.213 --> 00:52:14.339
to be doing
00:52:14.756 --> 00:52:16.967
because of the contamination.
00:52:16.967 --> 00:52:19.219
And as the population
00:52:19.719 --> 00:52:23.098
ventures out to look for more areas to farm
00:52:23.515 --> 00:52:25.517
it will continue to be a problem.
00:52:26.977 --> 00:52:28.979
[ metal detector whirring ]
00:52:31.189 --> 00:52:33.191
[ temple bells ]
00:52:34.025 --> 00:52:36.027
[ birdsong ]
00:52:36.278 --> 00:52:38.280
[ traditional Hmong music ]
00:52:40.365 --> 00:52:42.367
[ rooster crowing ]
00:52:54.713 --> 00:52:56.715
[ joking, laughter ]
00:52:57.424 --> 00:52:59.426
[ truck grinding ]
00:53:16.818 --> 00:53:19.946
Considering the bombing patterns on the Ho Chi Minh Trail,
00:53:19.946 --> 00:53:24.117
the last thing you would do would be to try to apply logic to it.
00:53:28.705 --> 00:53:31.958
It's that belief, that American belief in technology.
00:53:32.959 --> 00:53:34.961
"We'll find a way."
00:53:36.171 --> 00:53:38.173
Oh, we did cloud seeding.
00:53:38.173 --> 00:53:40.634
We thought that if we could make it rain more
00:53:40.842 --> 00:53:45.513
we would extend the rainy season and that would make the trail impassible.
00:53:49.059 --> 00:53:52.729
Maybe this is one of those spurs that they
00:53:53.396 --> 00:53:57.025
hit with laundry detergent, hoping they could make it so slippery that
00:53:57.025 --> 00:53:59.027
the people couldn't get their footing
00:53:59.027 --> 00:54:01.863
and the trucks couldn't get any purchase on the trail.
00:54:02.364 --> 00:54:04.366
Or it could be one of the spurs
00:54:04.366 --> 00:54:07.369
that we dropped cases of beer
00:54:07.369 --> 00:54:10.747
in the hope that the porters would get inebriated
00:54:10.747 --> 00:54:12.749
and couldn't proceed.
00:54:17.295 --> 00:54:19.297
[ quiet munching ]
00:54:26.471 --> 00:54:28.473
I've always told myself
00:54:28.473 --> 00:54:31.059
I'll come here, I'll work with the team
00:54:31.434 --> 00:54:34.938
be a part of that as long as I'm not slowing the team down.
00:54:35.188 --> 00:54:36.940
But if I reach the point where
00:54:36.940 --> 00:54:38.942
my age, my physical condition
00:54:38.942 --> 00:54:42.404
keeps the team from being effective, then I'm done.
00:54:42.570 --> 00:54:44.030
[ laughter ]
00:54:44.990 --> 00:54:46.992
Just careful you don't catch your crotch.
00:54:50.328 --> 00:54:52.330
[ slow, traditional Hmong tune ]
00:55:02.132 --> 00:55:04.050
(Paul) Even if they don't find anything
00:55:04.050 --> 00:55:05.719
the farmer didn't know that before.
00:55:05.719 --> 00:55:07.304
He didn't know what was under the ground.
00:55:07.304 --> 00:55:09.306
So every time he was swinging a hoe
00:55:09.431 --> 00:55:11.433
potentially he was risking his life.
00:55:11.433 --> 00:55:13.435
Or her life.
00:55:17.897 --> 00:55:19.899
[ chatting in Lao ]
00:55:27.866 --> 00:55:30.618
[ joking, laughing ]
00:55:41.421 --> 00:55:43.423
[ lively music ]
00:55:50.096 --> 00:55:52.098
One two three!
00:56:55.912 --> 00:56:57.914
[ anxious percussion music ]
00:56:59.582 --> 00:57:01.584
[ truck clanking ]
00:57:09.300 --> 00:57:11.302
[ softly talking ]
00:57:32.907 --> 00:57:34.909
[ increasingly anxious music ]
00:57:46.171 --> 00:57:48.173
[ talking in Lao ]
00:58:02.979 --> 00:58:04.981
[ lively drumming music ]
00:58:30.840 --> 00:58:32.842
[ lively drumming music ]
00:58:55.281 --> 00:58:57.158
One!
00:58:57.283 --> 00:58:59.285
Two!
00:58:59.452 --> 00:59:00.995
Three!
00:59:02.664 --> 00:59:04.666
[ loud bang ]
00:59:12.924 --> 00:59:15.885
(Jim) This is the most dangerous part of the whole process.
00:59:16.594 --> 00:59:19.722
The only two clearance workers I've known who've been killed
00:59:19.722 --> 00:59:22.809
were both killed post-demolition.
01:00:05.476 --> 01:00:07.145
Three!
01:00:07.312 --> 01:00:09.022
Two!
01:00:09.147 --> 01:00:10.648
One!
01:00:11.774 --> 01:00:13.776
[ loud bang ]
01:00:21.326 --> 01:00:22.285
Finished.
01:00:22.285 --> 01:00:24.287
All done here? Finished here? Okay.
01:00:30.543 --> 01:00:31.502
30 minutes?
01:00:31.502 --> 01:00:33.504
Yeah, not bad.
01:00:34.422 --> 01:00:36.424
Not even morning break.
01:00:37.842 --> 01:00:38.926
10:30.
01:00:39.635 --> 01:00:41.220
Nice job.
01:00:44.015 --> 01:00:46.017
[ soothing music ]
01:01:06.204 --> 01:01:08.206
Ohhh!
01:01:25.640 --> 01:01:27.642
[ loud chatting ]
01:01:29.185 --> 01:01:31.187
People back home ask me,
01:01:31.521 --> 01:01:34.357
"Do you get lonely when you go to Lao?"
01:01:34.649 --> 01:01:38.236
Well, sure. I miss my Wisconsin friends when I travel here.
01:01:38.236 --> 01:01:41.364
But when I go back to Wisconsin I miss my Lao friends.
01:01:50.081 --> 01:01:52.083
[ birdsong ]
01:01:55.753 --> 01:01:57.755
I don't think I, personally,
01:01:58.339 --> 01:02:00.341
bear the responsibility
01:02:00.717 --> 01:02:03.428
to act on behalf of my government.
01:02:04.095 --> 01:02:06.097
But I think the victims
01:02:06.514 --> 01:02:08.641
in order to deal
01:02:08.641 --> 01:02:10.643
with their grief, their anger
01:02:11.561 --> 01:02:14.063
they need somebody to step up and say,
01:02:14.188 --> 01:02:17.567
"On behalf of America, I would like to
01:02:18.109 --> 01:02:20.486
make this gesture of kindness to you."
01:02:21.195 --> 01:02:23.197
Take another one. Take two, they're small.
01:02:23.448 --> 01:02:24.282
[ camera click ]
01:02:24.574 --> 01:02:27.034
Team Leader! One more! Come on Team Leader!
01:02:27.368 --> 01:02:29.370
And if my government's not gonna do that,
01:02:29.787 --> 01:02:31.789
then I think I should.
01:02:37.420 --> 01:02:39.422
[ crying ]
01:02:40.757 --> 01:02:42.759
[ melancholy music ]
01:02:43.426 --> 01:02:45.428
[ deminer singing in Lao ]
01:02:47.472 --> 01:02:49.098
Can't smile...
01:02:49.515 --> 01:02:51.517
Oh! Can't smile...
01:02:52.018 --> 01:02:54.020
Wait a minute...
01:02:56.314 --> 01:02:57.398
Oh!
01:02:58.983 --> 01:03:00.985
Ohhh!
01:03:02.737 --> 01:03:03.321
[ camera click ]
01:03:04.030 --> 01:03:05.615
Sorry!
01:03:05.615 --> 01:03:07.617
It's okay!
01:03:10.328 --> 01:03:12.330
[ melancholy music ]
01:03:15.917 --> 01:03:17.919
Okay! Sorry, sorry!
01:03:20.254 --> 01:03:21.589
Bye!
01:03:21.589 --> 01:03:23.591
Goodbye guys!
01:03:29.722 --> 01:03:31.098
[ truck honks ]
01:03:33.142 --> 01:03:35.144
Bye bye!
01:03:37.104 --> 01:03:39.106
Boots on the ground.
01:03:42.318 --> 01:03:45.696
It's a retired school principal from Wisconsin.
01:03:54.330 --> 01:03:59.126
I offer it to people as an example of how little we are really doing.
01:03:59.627 --> 01:04:03.881
And I don't think we're trying very hard to clean the place up.
01:04:13.516 --> 01:04:15.518
So today I'm proud to announce
01:04:15.810 --> 01:04:17.812
a historic increase in these efforts.
01:04:18.312 --> 01:04:20.314
The United States will double our annual funding
01:04:20.731 --> 01:04:23.067
to $90 million over the next three years
01:04:23.359 --> 01:04:25.903
to help Laos expand its work.
01:04:26.195 --> 01:04:28.197
[ loud applause ]
01:04:32.493 --> 01:04:36.873
But it's still shockingly low compared to how much they spent
bombing the country, right?
01:04:37.415 --> 01:04:39.834
We're giving for a whole year of cleanup
01:04:40.251 --> 01:04:44.213
what we used to spend on days, just days of bombing.
01:04:44.463 --> 01:04:46.841
We're certainly the biggest donor in the sector.
01:04:48.926 --> 01:04:50.386
But compared...
01:04:50.386 --> 01:04:53.139
Compared with, I know, it's not enough!
01:04:55.057 --> 01:04:57.059
The sort of money we give,
01:04:57.685 --> 01:05:01.147
you could dismiss it as pocket change. I say to people,
01:05:01.272 --> 01:05:03.774
it's not even pocket change.
01:05:03.774 --> 01:05:07.278
It's the lint in the pocket where you keep your pocket change.
01:05:07.278 --> 01:05:09.280
[ momentous piano music ]
01:05:38.559 --> 01:05:40.561
[ eerie music ]
01:05:43.689 --> 01:05:45.691
[ silent historical video ]
01:06:05.753 --> 01:06:07.755
[ melancholy music ]
01:06:20.810 --> 01:06:23.062
How much land remains to be cleared?
01:06:23.437 --> 01:06:26.190
Over 32,000 square kilometers.
01:06:30.528 --> 01:06:31.404
Heh.
01:06:31.737 --> 01:06:34.323
Are you asking how long it's gonna take to clear?
01:06:34.448 --> 01:06:34.949
Um...
01:06:35.992 --> 01:06:37.702
[ loud bang ]
01:06:37.994 --> 01:06:39.870
It will probably never be cleared.
01:06:39.870 --> 01:06:41.080
There will always be
01:06:41.080 --> 01:06:43.708
remnants of war left.
01:06:51.882 --> 01:06:54.176
I think it's the US's mess
01:06:54.176 --> 01:06:57.179
and the US should be taking care of this mess
01:06:57.471 --> 01:07:00.474
with funding, personnel, whatever it takes.
01:07:06.105 --> 01:07:08.107
[ melancholy music ]
01:07:09.316 --> 01:07:11.318
The goal that the Lao have set is to
01:07:11.444 --> 01:07:14.447
clear UXO as a barrier to national development
01:07:14.447 --> 01:07:15.781
by 2030.
01:07:16.198 --> 01:07:17.783
It is a solvable problem.
01:07:17.783 --> 01:07:19.201
It is a resource problem.
01:07:51.067 --> 01:07:53.068
[ melancholy music ]
01:08:39.865 --> 01:08:41.867
[ cowbells and crickets ]
01:09:27.162 --> 01:09:30.124
[ temple bells ]
01:10:44.406 --> 01:10:47.743
[ loud cicadas and flowing water ]
Distributor: Bullfrog Films
Length: 72 minutes
Date: 2021
Genre: Expository
Language: English / English subtitles
Grade: 10-12, College, Adults
Color/BW:
Closed Captioning: Available
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