00:00:08.066 --> 00:00:10.649
[dramatic instrumental music]

00:00:20.931 --> 00:00:23.622
[music continues]

00:00:52.616 --> 00:00:54.349
[bells tolling]

00:01:05.630 --> 00:01:07.040
- There are things in life

00:01:07.040 --> 00:01:09.381
which only happen to other people,

00:01:10.631 --> 00:01:12.943
until they happen to you.

00:01:15.080 --> 00:01:17.240
- Our youngest son,
Nelson, was five years old

00:01:17.240 --> 00:01:20.273
and he had a terrible accident.

00:01:21.740 --> 00:01:23.843
He was simply thinking he could fly.

00:01:25.430 --> 00:01:28.070
He just went through the window.

00:01:28.070 --> 00:01:29.933
That was it, so a couple of seconds.

00:01:31.167 --> 00:01:33.410
[sirens whirring]

00:01:33.410 --> 00:01:36.710
We arrived at the ER and
the neurosurgeon told us,

00:01:36.710 --> 00:01:37.700
"He's very, very bad,

00:01:37.700 --> 00:01:40.493
"so, do you want me to operate or not?"

00:01:42.440 --> 00:01:44.930
And I think in a couple of seconds,

00:01:44.930 --> 00:01:48.590
we understood what he meant
without really understanding.

00:01:48.590 --> 00:01:50.790
And we said, yeah, of
course, save his life.

00:01:51.867 --> 00:01:54.034
[heart monitor beeping]

00:01:58.400 --> 00:02:03.400
An entire journey started--
a long coma of three months,

00:02:04.460 --> 00:02:08.720
brain surgeries, all kind
of machines around beeping.

00:02:08.720 --> 00:02:10.120
You don't know what they do.

00:02:12.440 --> 00:02:14.510
We had the last room on the hallway.

00:02:14.510 --> 00:02:17.987
And though I was trying to
connect more with the staff,

00:02:17.987 --> 00:02:21.819
people were avoiding me, avoiding us.

00:02:21.819 --> 00:02:24.484
Emotionally I think they
didn't want to connect as much,

00:02:24.484 --> 00:02:28.253
because everybody thought
he would not survive.

00:02:31.190 --> 00:02:34.820
- We were sitting there
in our little bubble

00:02:34.820 --> 00:02:37.020
of quiet desperation.

00:02:38.344 --> 00:02:41.543
And my wife said to me, "Fix this."

00:02:43.070 --> 00:02:47.753
And then you start to think,
like, "Shit, I can't."

00:02:49.280 --> 00:02:50.960
I've been highly trained,

00:02:50.960 --> 00:02:54.573
so I have a good scientific
understanding, but still,

00:02:54.573 --> 00:02:57.348
I don't know anything about healthcare.

00:02:57.348 --> 00:03:00.825
And especially, I don't know
the processes of the hospital.

00:03:00.825 --> 00:03:01.890
Will they operate?

00:03:01.890 --> 00:03:03.031
Will they give up?

00:03:05.330 --> 00:03:06.890
- He couldn't speak, he was paralyzed.

00:03:06.890 --> 00:03:07.883
He couldn't move.

00:03:09.350 --> 00:03:11.450
We would help him sit down,

00:03:11.450 --> 00:03:14.360
but his muscles would not
allow that and everything.

00:03:14.360 --> 00:03:16.410
So he could even not sit in a wheelchair.

00:03:19.640 --> 00:03:22.940
The doctors try to explain
to you the best they can,

00:03:22.940 --> 00:03:24.383
but when a doctor tells you

00:03:24.383 --> 00:03:26.900
your child is going to be handicapped

00:03:26.900 --> 00:03:29.650
for the rest of his life,
you don't know what it means.

00:03:30.740 --> 00:03:35.641
And so I asked the doctor, I
said, "Okay, off the record,

00:03:35.641 --> 00:03:38.810
"and I know you're not supposed to answer,

00:03:38.810 --> 00:03:42.465
"but do you think he will ever be able

00:03:42.465 --> 00:03:44.001
"to sit in a wheelchair?"

00:03:46.250 --> 00:03:49.103
And then he told me, "I don't think so."

00:03:52.040 --> 00:03:56.027
And I said, "I'll take my
chance and I'll do my best,

00:03:56.027 --> 00:03:57.740
"and I hope one day I'll come back

00:03:57.740 --> 00:03:59.290
"and he will be in a wheelchair."

00:04:03.409 --> 00:04:06.159
[waves crashing]

00:04:22.580 --> 00:04:24.740
- Sean, when he was growing up,

00:04:24.740 --> 00:04:27.952
he had a few health problems.

00:04:27.952 --> 00:04:29.780
Asthma.

00:04:29.780 --> 00:04:31.160
- Ear infections.

00:04:31.160 --> 00:04:33.440
- Recurring ear infections all the time.

00:04:33.440 --> 00:04:36.593
So he was on antibiotics most of the time.

00:04:38.000 --> 00:04:40.100
He had been going
through months and months

00:04:40.100 --> 00:04:43.493
of abdominal pains, diarrhea.

00:04:44.630 --> 00:04:46.893
- And continually losing weight.

00:04:46.893 --> 00:04:50.330
He was really thin and drawn looking.

00:04:50.330 --> 00:04:53.300
And we got very concerned
about his health then,

00:04:53.300 --> 00:04:54.560
knowing that something was wrong

00:04:54.560 --> 00:04:56.660
but we didn't know what.

00:04:56.660 --> 00:04:59.450
- We kept taking him to doctors
and they kept doing tests.

00:04:59.450 --> 00:05:01.700
They kept thinking it
was gonna be C. Diff,

00:05:01.700 --> 00:05:05.330
and so, put him on another antibiotic.

00:05:05.330 --> 00:05:06.950
- So the Crohn's and Colitis camp...

00:05:06.950 --> 00:05:09.734
When I was diagnosed with
Crohn's about age 12,

00:05:09.734 --> 00:05:14.210
it's a disease that's autoimmune
and it causes inflammation

00:05:14.210 --> 00:05:16.220
throughout your digestive tract.

00:05:16.220 --> 00:05:18.020
My parents and I were
traveling through Europe,

00:05:18.020 --> 00:05:20.600
and I had just before leaving on this trip

00:05:20.600 --> 00:05:22.583
started to come down with diarrhea.

00:05:23.868 --> 00:05:24.865
- When we went to Europe

00:05:24.865 --> 00:05:26.810
is when things really
went downhill for him,

00:05:26.810 --> 00:05:30.230
snd he was incapacitated
for a lot of the trip

00:05:30.230 --> 00:05:31.613
because of his pain.

00:05:32.450 --> 00:05:34.760
That's when, after we
got back, we insisted

00:05:34.760 --> 00:05:37.670
that they would check
him into the hospital

00:05:37.670 --> 00:05:40.883
and get a diagnosis.

00:05:42.791 --> 00:05:45.374
[gentle music]

00:05:48.357 --> 00:05:53.357
I grew up in the '50s when
obesity, diabetes, autoimmune...

00:05:53.357 --> 00:05:54.694
- Crohn's.

00:05:54.694 --> 00:05:57.500
- ...even cancer were
basically unheard of.

00:05:57.500 --> 00:06:00.707
And all these things are so prevalent now,

00:06:00.707 --> 00:06:03.353
and the question is,
what's changed so much?

00:06:07.040 --> 00:06:09.380
- Over the last 50 years,

00:06:09.380 --> 00:06:11.600
while there has been a tremendous decrease

00:06:11.600 --> 00:06:14.600
in single pathogen
diseases-- measles, mumps,

00:06:14.600 --> 00:06:16.220
whooping cough and so forth--

00:06:16.220 --> 00:06:17.960
during that same 50 years,

00:06:17.960 --> 00:06:21.454
there's been an increase in
asthma, autoimmune diseases,

00:06:21.454 --> 00:06:24.233
diabetes, obesity, heart disease.

00:06:26.420 --> 00:06:29.360
- We have a kind of desperate situation.

00:06:29.360 --> 00:06:30.830
People over age 65,

00:06:30.830 --> 00:06:32.930
the average have five chronic conditions.

00:06:32.930 --> 00:06:35.655
- Everything from somebody
that's just starting

00:06:35.655 --> 00:06:38.432
to have maybe early
indications of prediabetes,

00:06:38.432 --> 00:06:40.298
all the way through to diseases

00:06:40.298 --> 00:06:42.595
that eventually kill you.

00:06:42.595 --> 00:06:44.704
- ADD is so common,
allergies are so common,

00:06:44.704 --> 00:06:46.919
anaphylaxis is so common,

00:06:46.919 --> 00:06:50.630
autism is so common, behavioral disorders.

00:06:50.630 --> 00:06:52.638
- Most of our healthcare system

00:06:52.638 --> 00:06:55.370
is designed around taking
care of chronic disease.

00:06:55.370 --> 00:06:57.470
- It's very clear we're
facing a serious problem

00:06:57.470 --> 00:06:58.340
with healthcare.

00:06:58.340 --> 00:06:59.780
And there's so many things
that need to be fixed.

00:06:59.780 --> 00:07:01.880
Everybody sort of throws
up their hands and say,

00:07:01.880 --> 00:07:03.200
"We can't fix it."

00:07:03.200 --> 00:07:05.780
We're spending billions of
dollars treating diseases

00:07:05.780 --> 00:07:08.510
we don't understand, and often poorly.

00:07:08.510 --> 00:07:10.460
Across most chronic diseases,

00:07:10.460 --> 00:07:13.700
drugs only work a fraction of the time.

00:07:13.700 --> 00:07:16.585
- Many of these diseases
start with children,

00:07:16.585 --> 00:07:21.548
and actually pediatrics is the
most quantified subspecialty

00:07:21.548 --> 00:07:23.180
in all of medicine.

00:07:23.180 --> 00:07:25.760
You know exactly how long my baby is,

00:07:25.760 --> 00:07:27.500
what the weight of the baby is.

00:07:27.500 --> 00:07:30.830
I mean, you're totally quantified,
and that's just normal.

00:07:30.830 --> 00:07:33.170
And then somehow we lose that.

00:07:33.170 --> 00:07:34.880
And I don't wanna lose that.

00:07:34.880 --> 00:07:37.580
I wanna keep that same notion

00:07:37.580 --> 00:07:40.940
of having a dashboard for your body.

00:07:40.940 --> 00:07:43.100
- The way we practice medicine today

00:07:43.100 --> 00:07:45.620
is at a population level
because we don't have

00:07:45.620 --> 00:07:48.440
the data and information
on each individual.

00:07:48.440 --> 00:07:50.780
- The average population, for example,

00:07:50.780 --> 00:07:54.860
has a temperature of
98.6, and so these days,

00:07:54.860 --> 00:07:56.870
if you walk into a doctor's office

00:07:56.870 --> 00:08:00.140
and your temperature's 98.6,
they tell you you're normal.

00:08:00.140 --> 00:08:01.940
But what most people don't realize

00:08:01.940 --> 00:08:04.070
is that there's a very
broad range actually.

00:08:04.070 --> 00:08:05.510
There's a lot of people running around

00:08:05.510 --> 00:08:10.510
whose basic temperature is 94, not 98.6,

00:08:10.559 --> 00:08:14.360
and there are others running
around 99.1 or 99.6, even.

00:08:14.360 --> 00:08:17.300
So what that means is if
you basic temperature's 94,

00:08:17.300 --> 00:08:21.170
you walk into a doctor's
office and you're 98.6,

00:08:21.170 --> 00:08:22.610
he says, "You're fine, you're normal,"

00:08:22.610 --> 00:08:24.245
because that's what
everybody's temperature is.

00:08:24.245 --> 00:08:25.953
"Go home. Everything's good."

00:08:25.953 --> 00:08:27.928
But the reality is you can be quite sick.

00:08:27.928 --> 00:08:31.640
You're up, very elevated, if
you think about 4.6 degrees.

00:08:31.640 --> 00:08:32.473
That's high.

00:08:33.500 --> 00:08:36.260
- It's only when you have that data

00:08:36.260 --> 00:08:40.010
that you have a chance
to understand, early,

00:08:40.010 --> 00:08:42.440
that something is beginning to go wrong

00:08:42.440 --> 00:08:45.233
long before there are symptoms
or you are aware of it.

00:08:47.360 --> 00:08:50.240
- Chronic diseases are tough
from a research perspective

00:08:50.240 --> 00:08:51.920
and for treatment perspectives

00:08:51.920 --> 00:08:53.960
because they're so complex.

00:08:53.960 --> 00:08:56.330
And I think that's why
it's been really difficult

00:08:56.330 --> 00:09:00.470
in the current research model
to try to crack that nut.

00:09:00.470 --> 00:09:02.810
And I think patients
have really had the sense

00:09:02.810 --> 00:09:05.390
that we're not gathering
the right information.

00:09:05.390 --> 00:09:08.043
We're not approaching
this from the right angle.

00:09:08.043 --> 00:09:09.178
[birds chirping]

00:09:09.178 --> 00:09:11.761
[gentle music]

00:09:24.253 --> 00:09:27.829
- The willows do what
they do every spring....

00:09:29.413 --> 00:09:32.123
Elizabeth was born perfectly healthy.

00:09:35.420 --> 00:09:38.993
She had language, she spoke at 15 months.

00:09:41.570 --> 00:09:42.980
But she regressed,

00:09:42.980 --> 00:09:46.327
she lost all her language,
and she actually started

00:09:46.327 --> 00:09:48.233
hitting her head on the floor.

00:09:51.680 --> 00:09:55.343
We searched for answers
with doctors far and wide,

00:09:56.900 --> 00:10:00.086
and then we got the diagnosis
that she had autism.

00:10:04.247 --> 00:10:06.697
[somber instrumental music]

00:10:21.930 --> 00:10:24.230
[music continues]

00:10:30.890 --> 00:10:34.103
It's been a long journey with
Elizabeth, it's been decades.

00:10:36.740 --> 00:10:40.493
We made a lot of progress
from that time at 15 months,

00:10:41.870 --> 00:10:44.483
and we were making
progress in public school.

00:10:45.980 --> 00:10:48.923
She got invited into the gifted program.

00:10:50.990 --> 00:10:52.970
And then all of a sudden, in 5th grade,

00:10:52.970 --> 00:10:57.970
she was exposed to strep, like
so many children in school,

00:10:58.490 --> 00:11:00.593
but she could not get over it.

00:11:02.510 --> 00:11:05.720
She was smashing her knee into her face

00:11:05.720 --> 00:11:09.503
every 40 seconds, day and night.

00:11:11.390 --> 00:11:15.140
I actually had to sleep
across her every night

00:11:15.140 --> 00:11:19.493
so she would not smash
her knee into her face.

00:11:20.720 --> 00:11:25.370
So this went on and on,

00:11:25.370 --> 00:11:27.230
and I thought, I'm gonna take her

00:11:27.230 --> 00:11:29.870
to the world's top neurologists

00:11:29.870 --> 00:11:32.090
to find out what was going on.

00:11:32.090 --> 00:11:36.263
I didn't know, maybe
her brain was swollen.

00:11:39.290 --> 00:11:43.733
We took a long, terrible ride to Boston.

00:11:44.630 --> 00:11:47.848
Literally, her father was holding her

00:11:47.848 --> 00:11:52.043
in the backseat of the car,
wrestling her for five hours.

00:11:52.880 --> 00:11:57.140
We get there, this neurologist
who we were a patient of--

00:11:57.140 --> 00:12:02.140
this was not a new thing--
looked at her and said,

00:12:02.930 --> 00:12:05.630
"This is just her autism."

00:12:05.630 --> 00:12:10.630
And I lost it at that point, and I said,

00:12:11.210 --> 00:12:15.410
"I know my daughter and I know autism,

00:12:15.410 --> 00:12:19.220
"and this is neither my
daughter nor autism."

00:12:19.220 --> 00:12:22.470
And then I took my
daughter out of that office

00:12:23.780 --> 00:12:27.871
and I said, "Never again. Never again

00:12:27.871 --> 00:12:31.010
"are we going to see a
doctor who does not believe

00:12:31.010 --> 00:12:34.313
"that autism is a treatable
medical condition."

00:12:36.902 --> 00:12:39.327
[somber instrumental music]

00:12:53.830 --> 00:12:56.163
[music continues]

00:13:11.030 --> 00:13:14.030
- So we did spend a lot of
time at the intensive care,

00:13:14.030 --> 00:13:16.043
for a couple of weeks every day.

00:13:17.690 --> 00:13:18.890
You so unhappy.

00:13:18.890 --> 00:13:22.130
You feel miserable and you
think your life is over.

00:13:22.130 --> 00:13:23.420
This is basically what you think.

00:13:23.420 --> 00:13:26.780
But still, you try to
find at a certain time

00:13:26.780 --> 00:13:31.106
the little bit of energy
to stand there and to try

00:13:31.106 --> 00:13:33.754
to understand what's
happening, to understand

00:13:33.754 --> 00:13:37.137
the environment that is
totally unknown to you--

00:13:37.137 --> 00:13:39.310
the machines, the doctors, the language.

00:13:39.310 --> 00:13:41.553
Nobody's able to give you projections,

00:13:41.553 --> 00:13:44.990
and Walter being assigned was
like, "What does that mean?

00:13:44.990 --> 00:13:46.190
"What are the statistics?"

00:13:48.860 --> 00:13:51.817
- I was looking at all the
systems of this hospital,

00:13:51.817 --> 00:13:54.518
and I saw myself and the
other dads and moms there

00:13:54.518 --> 00:13:57.794
completely helpless and trying to find out

00:13:57.794 --> 00:13:59.750
what was happening.

00:13:59.750 --> 00:14:02.767
- He was quantifying everything.

00:14:02.767 --> 00:14:05.240
He had this notebook and he was noting

00:14:05.240 --> 00:14:07.580
every single piece of information.

00:14:07.580 --> 00:14:09.260
What does that machine do?

00:14:09.260 --> 00:14:11.633
Who produces that, how
much does that cost?

00:14:13.340 --> 00:14:17.270
- Sitting there 24/7, you
are caught in a fiction

00:14:17.270 --> 00:14:21.290
of your own conspiracy and
you are trying to understand.

00:14:21.290 --> 00:14:25.340
So the only thing I
immediately came up with is,

00:14:25.340 --> 00:14:29.060
we must have a tool to understand.

00:14:29.060 --> 00:14:33.033
I thought of my youth, and
the science in my youth

00:14:33.033 --> 00:14:35.930
was the fictional part was Star Trek.

00:14:35.930 --> 00:14:37.100
And I thought like, man,

00:14:37.100 --> 00:14:41.217
it would be such a great
thing to have a Tricorder.

00:14:41.217 --> 00:14:42.783
[Chekov shouting]

00:14:47.210 --> 00:14:48.110
- What is it?

00:14:48.110 --> 00:14:51.590
- The flowers, sir. I
touched, it's like fire.

00:14:51.590 --> 00:14:54.440
- The passive collection of all that data

00:14:54.440 --> 00:14:58.790
and the insights that follow,
who would not want that?

00:14:58.790 --> 00:15:02.180
And so I thought about it a long time,

00:15:02.180 --> 00:15:07.163
and in 2010 I finally decided
to make the Tricorder.

00:15:07.163 --> 00:15:08.900
[upbeat music]

00:15:08.900 --> 00:15:12.083
And I went to the west
coast, to California.

00:15:23.600 --> 00:15:26.780
- Hi guys, how are you doing?

00:15:26.780 --> 00:15:28.850
- We're getting there.
I think things are...

00:15:28.850 --> 00:15:32.525
- It's a bit peculiar because
we had to put a complete

00:15:32.525 --> 00:15:36.023
emergency room and a lot
more, actually, in one device.

00:15:40.430 --> 00:15:43.523
What we came up with
is a very small device.

00:15:44.480 --> 00:15:47.300
You place your finger on this part,

00:15:47.300 --> 00:15:49.583
you place this electrode
on the forehead...

00:15:49.583 --> 00:15:54.050
- And then it gives you a
reading, your heart rates.

00:15:54.050 --> 00:15:56.210
It gives you also of
course your temperature,

00:15:56.210 --> 00:15:58.818
your oxymetry, your oxygenation.

00:15:58.818 --> 00:15:59.660
- ...ECG wave form.

00:15:59.660 --> 00:16:02.030
- If you wanna measure the
oxygen level in somebody,

00:16:02.030 --> 00:16:04.310
the best place to get it
is from their fingertips.

00:16:04.310 --> 00:16:07.040
And if you wanna measure
their temperature,

00:16:07.040 --> 00:16:08.660
the best place on the surface of the body

00:16:08.660 --> 00:16:10.040
is the temporal artery.

00:16:10.040 --> 00:16:12.650
And if you want to measure an EKG wave,

00:16:12.650 --> 00:16:15.260
you wanna get two electrodes
that are across the heart.

00:16:15.260 --> 00:16:16.640
But we're not gonna have
people go putting it

00:16:16.640 --> 00:16:18.650
all different places.
So we design the device

00:16:18.650 --> 00:16:20.060
you just hold it to your forehead,

00:16:20.060 --> 00:16:22.760
and very cleverly it's
checking your oxygen

00:16:22.760 --> 00:16:25.010
in your fingertip, it's
checking your temperature

00:16:25.010 --> 00:16:26.420
at your temporal artery,

00:16:26.420 --> 00:16:28.370
and there's a circuit that
goes from your left hand

00:16:28.370 --> 00:16:29.720
through your heart, around to the forehead

00:16:29.720 --> 00:16:32.003
and back to the device that gets the EKG.

00:16:33.380 --> 00:16:35.810
- And you can also tag your results, so...

00:16:35.810 --> 00:16:39.080
- It's not about doctors--
they have devices enough.

00:16:39.080 --> 00:16:40.940
It's about consumers.

00:16:40.940 --> 00:16:45.244
If the consumer has a device
where it can show his doctor,

00:16:45.244 --> 00:16:49.190
"This is my wave," you know.

00:16:49.190 --> 00:16:51.590
"This is not a particle of
my health, this is my wave.

00:16:51.590 --> 00:16:54.650
"This is who I am, these are my ranges.

00:16:54.650 --> 00:16:56.180
"This is where I had a dip.

00:16:56.180 --> 00:16:58.850
"This is where I really felt great.

00:16:58.850 --> 00:17:02.330
"And here I took this medicine
and look what happened here."

00:17:02.330 --> 00:17:03.620
"What do you think?"

00:17:03.620 --> 00:17:06.230
And there you put the doctor on a pedestal

00:17:06.230 --> 00:17:09.233
of an information analyst,
where he's really trained for.

00:17:12.230 --> 00:17:16.580
- Your body is generating
massive amounts of data

00:17:16.580 --> 00:17:17.510
all the time.

00:17:17.510 --> 00:17:20.630
It's just, you're not
bothering to measure it.

00:17:20.630 --> 00:17:22.400
Your systems are just doing.

00:17:22.400 --> 00:17:24.138
My heart's beating, right?

00:17:24.138 --> 00:17:26.076
The variation of my
heart is whatever it is.

00:17:26.076 --> 00:17:29.450
All you gotta do is hook up a
sensor and you got the data.

00:17:29.450 --> 00:17:32.814
- Medicine looks at itself
as a data-driven discipline,

00:17:32.814 --> 00:17:35.573
and yet that's so not true.

00:17:37.250 --> 00:17:41.090
We capture more data on a
flight from San Francisco

00:17:41.090 --> 00:17:42.861
to Los Angeles about that airplane

00:17:42.861 --> 00:17:45.743
than we do in most patients' charts.

00:17:46.610 --> 00:17:48.941
- Getting an understanding
of what our own numbers are

00:17:48.941 --> 00:17:51.800
will take on so much more significance.

00:17:51.800 --> 00:17:53.841
That's the direction we see this going.

00:17:53.841 --> 00:17:57.456
You will have a dashboard
into your own data

00:17:57.456 --> 00:17:59.723
that you've never had before.

00:18:01.010 --> 00:18:03.320
And if you know your own data,

00:18:03.320 --> 00:18:06.258
that could start to move you toward

00:18:06.258 --> 00:18:08.960
knowing more about yourself,
what your health issues are,

00:18:08.960 --> 00:18:11.540
what drugs you can take, what
drugs you shouldn't be taking.

00:18:11.540 --> 00:18:14.840
And adding that information
into your medical record now

00:18:14.840 --> 00:18:16.970
could really change how we treat patients.

00:18:16.970 --> 00:18:20.510
- There's so much we can learn
by having quantifiable data

00:18:20.510 --> 00:18:22.839
really easy to collect, analyze and share.

00:18:24.422 --> 00:18:26.955
[gentle instrumental music]
[birds chirping]

00:18:32.079 --> 00:18:35.079
[indistinct chatter]

00:18:36.440 --> 00:18:38.210
- Being diagnosed at age 12

00:18:38.210 --> 00:18:41.060
left me dealing with
Crohn's for quite some time.

00:18:41.060 --> 00:18:43.997
And there were periods of
time where I was in college

00:18:43.997 --> 00:18:46.510
and my symptoms flared up incredibly,

00:18:46.510 --> 00:18:50.960
and I was stuck with not very
good treatment options at all.

00:18:52.310 --> 00:18:54.151
I was on this drug called Remicade.

00:18:54.151 --> 00:18:58.910
And as soon as you leave
Remicade, you can't go back on it.

00:18:58.910 --> 00:19:01.670
Your body will build up
an intolerance to it.

00:19:01.670 --> 00:19:04.280
And there's only a few really severe drugs

00:19:04.280 --> 00:19:06.020
that can actually help treat your Crohn's.

00:19:06.020 --> 00:19:08.554
And so you're kind of
jumping from cloud to cloud,

00:19:08.554 --> 00:19:11.183
and as soon as you let go,
it disappears behind you.

00:19:12.230 --> 00:19:14.630
When I realized I was
stuck in that sort of trap,

00:19:14.630 --> 00:19:16.520
I needed to think outside the box

00:19:16.520 --> 00:19:18.440
and find other options
that might work for me.

00:19:18.440 --> 00:19:21.386
And then I saw this flyer
on campus at UC Berkeley,

00:19:21.386 --> 00:19:23.666
and it advertised a documentary

00:19:23.666 --> 00:19:26.360
on people living with Crohn's disease

00:19:26.360 --> 00:19:27.740
and ulcerative colitis.

00:19:27.740 --> 00:19:30.008
So I showed up at this documentary,

00:19:30.008 --> 00:19:32.219
and then at the end of it, I looked around

00:19:32.219 --> 00:19:36.025
and I saw in the theater
seats all surrounding me

00:19:36.025 --> 00:19:39.958
were dozens of other patients
that have the same condition.

00:19:39.958 --> 00:19:43.760
And as soon as the
theater curtains closed,

00:19:43.760 --> 00:19:47.570
we began a spark, a magical ignition

00:19:47.570 --> 00:19:49.940
of conversation and knowledge sharing.

00:19:49.940 --> 00:19:51.159
And from that point on,

00:19:51.159 --> 00:19:54.710
we continued to gather
together every couple weeks

00:19:54.710 --> 00:19:58.377
in each other's houses
to share information.

00:20:01.610 --> 00:20:04.082
- I realized that if we were gonna learn

00:20:04.082 --> 00:20:06.234
better ways to treat conditions

00:20:06.234 --> 00:20:08.030
and learn from patients,

00:20:08.030 --> 00:20:11.030
it needed to come directly
from the patients themselves.

00:20:11.030 --> 00:20:13.430
And so that's when I started building

00:20:13.430 --> 00:20:14.840
some health tracking tools.

00:20:14.840 --> 00:20:17.042
The iPhone had recently come out,

00:20:17.042 --> 00:20:20.390
and I built a small tracker
on that device that allowed me

00:20:20.390 --> 00:20:23.693
to log my use of the restroom
and if I had any gut pain.

00:20:27.320 --> 00:20:31.430
As a patient myself, I was
going through every day

00:20:31.430 --> 00:20:34.640
and every minute of my life
living with that condition,

00:20:34.640 --> 00:20:37.280
and I would go into the doctor's office

00:20:37.280 --> 00:20:38.990
maybe every six months or so.

00:20:38.990 --> 00:20:41.120
And so my doctor would have a 5 minute

00:20:41.120 --> 00:20:44.120
or even maybe a 10 minute
summary of what was going on,

00:20:44.120 --> 00:20:46.700
and there's no way you can
take six months of data points

00:20:46.700 --> 00:20:49.380
and compress it into 5 or 10 minutes.

00:20:50.430 --> 00:20:53.463
With Crohnology, we're
taking the data collection

00:20:53.463 --> 00:20:56.213
from being exclusively
in the doctor's office

00:20:56.213 --> 00:20:59.480
at a very long fixed interval
and saying, "It's real time.

00:20:59.480 --> 00:21:01.040
"It's in the patient's pocket."

00:21:01.040 --> 00:21:02.540
- ...for the tab content.

00:21:02.540 --> 00:21:05.720
- Crohnology is now this
software network that I've built

00:21:05.720 --> 00:21:07.220
of patients around the world,

00:21:07.220 --> 00:21:10.400
and they're using the health
tracking tools that I provided

00:21:10.400 --> 00:21:12.977
to get that baseline
data before they're sick,

00:21:12.977 --> 00:21:14.210
and using it when they're sick

00:21:14.210 --> 00:21:16.381
or when they're doing
treatment experiments.

00:21:16.381 --> 00:21:17.691
- So we have some decisions to make

00:21:17.691 --> 00:21:19.370
that are fairly technical.

00:21:19.370 --> 00:21:21.650
- A friend of mine who has Crohn's

00:21:21.650 --> 00:21:23.933
says he feels like he's
a squandered data point.

00:21:24.800 --> 00:21:25.730
That's how he described his experience

00:21:25.730 --> 00:21:27.230
with the healthcare system.

00:21:27.230 --> 00:21:30.230
And so what I'm doing
is building something

00:21:30.230 --> 00:21:32.163
that allows people to not
be squandered data points,

00:21:32.163 --> 00:21:34.760
to actually to be a valuable contributor

00:21:34.760 --> 00:21:36.599
towards research and knowledge.

00:21:36.599 --> 00:21:38.570
- ...is gonna be displayed
in a consistent way.

00:21:38.570 --> 00:21:40.910
- The silicon in your pocket--

00:21:40.910 --> 00:21:42.920
which is usually a phone or a watch

00:21:42.920 --> 00:21:45.258
or all these other little
sensors or devices--

00:21:45.258 --> 00:21:50.258
is one really potent way
of collecting information,

00:21:50.480 --> 00:21:54.931
of showing information, of
engaging with you and your family

00:21:54.931 --> 00:21:57.920
and others in their health.

00:21:57.920 --> 00:22:02.600
It's pretty important in how
we sniff out what's happening.

00:22:02.600 --> 00:22:05.180
It needs to then take it
a step further, which is,

00:22:05.180 --> 00:22:06.440
well, what do we do with that?

00:22:06.440 --> 00:22:09.290
What's the longitudinal effect
of what I'm going to do?

00:22:09.290 --> 00:22:11.060
What do I do next?

00:22:11.060 --> 00:22:12.510
We don't have that right now.

00:22:13.790 --> 00:22:17.120
- In my day, we had a chronic disease

00:22:17.120 --> 00:22:21.590
sick care system for cars,
like we do today for humans.

00:22:21.590 --> 00:22:24.230
And so when smoke came
out from under the hood,

00:22:24.230 --> 00:22:26.125
you had a symptom.

00:22:26.125 --> 00:22:29.857
You go to the "doctor" in
the garage, the car doctor,

00:22:29.857 --> 00:22:31.814
and they say, "Oh man, this is terrible.

00:22:31.814 --> 00:22:33.414
"You didn't change your oil.

00:22:33.414 --> 00:22:35.750
"It's gonna cost ya. You
got a chronic disease."

00:22:35.750 --> 00:22:38.242
Y'know, whatever, "I gotta
yank your engine out."

00:22:38.242 --> 00:22:40.607
Notice that doesn't happen anymore.

00:22:40.607 --> 00:22:44.240
And the reason is because
we've gone to using electronics

00:22:44.240 --> 00:22:48.320
to take the time series
of your spark plugs

00:22:48.320 --> 00:22:50.953
and your brakes and your fuel
injection, everything else.

00:22:50.953 --> 00:22:52.430
And it just sits there recording the data.

00:22:52.430 --> 00:22:54.800
It doesn't know whether
there's anything wrong or not.

00:22:54.800 --> 00:22:56.300
It just take the data.

00:22:56.300 --> 00:23:01.190
And then, preventively, every
10 or 20,000 miles you go in,

00:23:01.190 --> 00:23:04.100
they look at your N-of-1 of your car,

00:23:04.100 --> 00:23:05.960
but they look at each of these variables

00:23:05.960 --> 00:23:10.010
against the population of cars
that have been in all kinds

00:23:10.010 --> 00:23:13.700
of different environmental interactions.

00:23:13.700 --> 00:23:15.710
And if you're in the
middle of the bell curve

00:23:15.710 --> 00:23:17.930
in each of those, you're good to go.

00:23:17.930 --> 00:23:21.320
But if you have started to
shift in one of those variables

00:23:21.320 --> 00:23:23.930
that unbeknownst to you, the car driver,

00:23:23.930 --> 00:23:26.570
then they can pick it up
immediately because you're becoming

00:23:26.570 --> 00:23:28.763
an outlier against the population.

00:23:29.680 --> 00:23:32.960
I believe within 5 to 10 years,

00:23:32.960 --> 00:23:35.540
as all of the new kinds of Apple watches

00:23:35.540 --> 00:23:37.610
or Fitbits or all these things are coming,

00:23:37.610 --> 00:23:40.275
you're getting more and more like the car.

00:23:40.275 --> 00:23:44.870
And so I think the digital
revolution is the only way

00:23:44.870 --> 00:23:48.114
that we are gonna get
from a "sick care" system

00:23:48.114 --> 00:23:50.518
to an actual healthcare system.

00:23:55.492 --> 00:23:58.433
[gentle piano melody]

00:24:03.793 --> 00:24:06.240
[music continues]

00:24:08.240 --> 00:24:13.240
- What I'm gonna do tonight
is to ask you to let go

00:24:13.240 --> 00:24:17.469
of whatever you think
you know about autism.

00:24:17.469 --> 00:24:20.569
Just suspend it-- the beginner's mind.

00:24:21.470 --> 00:24:24.528
Particularly, let go of the stories

00:24:24.528 --> 00:24:28.250
that you tell to connect the dots.

00:24:28.250 --> 00:24:30.560
I'm not saying they're right,
I'm not saying they're wrong.

00:24:30.560 --> 00:24:33.530
What I'm gonna do is throw
the pieces up in the air.

00:24:33.530 --> 00:24:37.715
They may come down differently
than you're used to hearing.

00:24:37.715 --> 00:24:40.885
Certain portions that you
may not have related before

00:24:40.885 --> 00:24:42.680
will be close together.

00:24:42.680 --> 00:24:46.310
And certain pieces will
land close to things

00:24:46.310 --> 00:24:47.750
outside of autism

00:24:47.750 --> 00:24:50.013
that you may not have
thought were related.

00:24:50.013 --> 00:24:51.546
But right now, just let go...

00:24:51.546 --> 00:24:54.791
- Compass is this
initiative to collect data--

00:24:54.791 --> 00:24:58.940
multidimensional, open
source, hosted in the cloud.

00:24:58.940 --> 00:25:03.560
- And in particular, to use
data about what's going on

00:25:03.560 --> 00:25:05.570
in the bodies of our children

00:25:05.570 --> 00:25:08.930
in order to figure out how to help them

00:25:08.930 --> 00:25:10.610
to in fact get better.

00:25:10.610 --> 00:25:13.409
- We have been through
the mill with these kids.

00:25:13.409 --> 00:25:15.175
We have a pretty damn good idea

00:25:15.175 --> 00:25:16.700
of stuff that's gonna show up.

00:25:16.700 --> 00:25:17.720
- Yes.

00:25:17.720 --> 00:25:21.148
- Physician, scientist,
parent of patients,

00:25:21.148 --> 00:25:22.990
data people, lab people,

00:25:22.990 --> 00:25:25.034
people who can help with measuring,

00:25:25.034 --> 00:25:27.349
people who can help
potentially with treating,

00:25:27.349 --> 00:25:29.023
people who can help with understanding

00:25:29.023 --> 00:25:30.740
and putting all the pieces together--

00:25:30.740 --> 00:25:33.320
when you intersect different
disciplines like that,

00:25:33.320 --> 00:25:35.795
that's when sparks fly and things happen.

00:25:35.795 --> 00:25:38.810
- We have all these anecdotal stories,

00:25:38.810 --> 00:25:42.590
all these thousands of
children that have recovered.

00:25:42.590 --> 00:25:47.382
Each one of them is in his
own or her own little island,

00:25:47.382 --> 00:25:49.257
data and all.

00:25:49.257 --> 00:25:53.690
And we've realized that
we're in Silicon Valley,

00:25:53.690 --> 00:25:56.870
we use data all the time.
We analyze it,

00:25:56.870 --> 00:26:01.193
we find patterns, we mine it
for all kinds of companies,

00:26:02.150 --> 00:26:04.760
but no one has ever collected data

00:26:04.760 --> 00:26:09.442
on all these children and
run software against it

00:26:09.442 --> 00:26:11.300
to try to find patterns.

00:26:11.300 --> 00:26:14.390
- If you can get 30 or 50 or 100 people...

00:26:14.390 --> 00:26:17.990
- Healthcare has followed
a long and storied path.

00:26:17.990 --> 00:26:20.570
I'm a physician, so when I
look at it through that lens

00:26:20.570 --> 00:26:22.430
it's sort of about following rules.

00:26:22.430 --> 00:26:23.930
Sometimes it's breaking those rules,

00:26:23.930 --> 00:26:26.150
but more often than not,
it's following those rules.

00:26:26.150 --> 00:26:27.560
When I look at it as a scientist,

00:26:27.560 --> 00:26:30.830
it's questioning rules and
trying to bring things on.

00:26:30.830 --> 00:26:33.110
But when I turn to myself as a parent,

00:26:33.110 --> 00:26:36.230
the paradigm is completely
flipped, and you will do anything

00:26:36.230 --> 00:26:37.788
and everything for your kid.

00:26:37.788 --> 00:26:39.221
- Ramsey, your turn.

00:26:40.520 --> 00:26:44.150
- Why do some kids
recover and others don't?

00:26:44.150 --> 00:26:46.050
And sometimes they're siblings.

00:26:47.692 --> 00:26:50.777
Wouldn't it be great to at least make

00:26:50.777 --> 00:26:54.495
our journey easier by knowing
that there are certain rules?

00:26:55.370 --> 00:26:59.870
Kids that do X need Y to get better.

00:26:59.870 --> 00:27:02.390
Kids that are Z

00:27:02.390 --> 00:27:05.757
need to go in a totally different way.

00:27:05.757 --> 00:27:08.347
Two, three, four, five.

00:27:08.347 --> 00:27:10.730
- That's the most striking
thing about when you get

00:27:10.730 --> 00:27:12.939
that diagnosis of autism.

00:27:12.939 --> 00:27:15.230
In the mainstream medical community,

00:27:15.230 --> 00:27:18.530
it's literally almost
like, "Okay, so, goodbye."

00:27:18.530 --> 00:27:19.363
- Yeah.

00:27:19.363 --> 00:27:20.210
- "Good luck."

00:27:20.210 --> 00:27:24.623
There's nothing that
they have to offer you.

00:27:26.660 --> 00:27:28.962
- I think what's special about
the approach we're taking

00:27:28.962 --> 00:27:30.560
is it's discovery based.

00:27:30.560 --> 00:27:32.766
I don't come in with a preconceived notion

00:27:32.766 --> 00:27:35.630
that autism is A, B or C.

00:27:35.630 --> 00:27:38.120
I'm gonna try and measure
as many things as I can

00:27:38.120 --> 00:27:40.850
out of this and let the data
tell what might be the answer,

00:27:40.850 --> 00:27:42.380
at least for some people.

00:27:42.380 --> 00:27:43.213
- No.

00:27:43.213 --> 00:27:45.483
- It's a totally different way of thinking

00:27:45.483 --> 00:27:48.860
than medical people and
researchers are trained.

00:27:48.860 --> 00:27:52.605
They're trained in the narrow
sort of reductionist, y'know,

00:27:52.605 --> 00:27:56.420
you try to trim it down, not
make it more complicated.

00:27:56.420 --> 00:28:00.708
- The orange is CO2 and the
purple are seizures, so...

00:28:00.708 --> 00:28:02.916
- I think what we're really
desperate for right now

00:28:02.916 --> 00:28:07.565
is real time, continuous
data with large populations,

00:28:07.565 --> 00:28:09.833
and not just the traditional data.

00:28:11.030 --> 00:28:13.310
- Alright, here we go, alright?

00:28:13.310 --> 00:28:16.160
We have your sensor here,
gotta plug it into the battery

00:28:16.160 --> 00:28:16.993
as we always do.

00:28:17.935 --> 00:28:21.402
We have taken Elizabeth across the country

00:28:21.402 --> 00:28:24.560
and seen dozens of specialists.

00:28:24.560 --> 00:28:28.070
We have tried virtually
everything you can try.

00:28:28.070 --> 00:28:33.070
She has done stem cells,
she's done hyperbaric oxygen,

00:28:33.410 --> 00:28:38.410
craniosacral therapy,
neurofeedback therapy, supplements.

00:28:38.508 --> 00:28:39.867
Right over your heart.

00:28:39.867 --> 00:28:42.770
You name it, we have done it.

00:28:42.770 --> 00:28:47.240
Right now we are on a mission
with a heart monitor device

00:28:47.240 --> 00:28:49.231
that Elizabeth is wearing.

00:28:49.231 --> 00:28:50.614
It found it.

00:28:50.614 --> 00:28:54.754
And so she is being monitored,
all her vital signs.

00:28:54.754 --> 00:28:56.420
Syncing.

00:28:56.420 --> 00:28:58.943
And our researcher is in California.

00:29:02.322 --> 00:29:03.155
- Hi, Janine.

00:29:03.155 --> 00:29:06.410
- Hi, Janelle.
I do have the image, and...

00:29:06.410 --> 00:29:08.810
- We still don't really have
a clue of what's going on

00:29:08.810 --> 00:29:12.350
in many cases, and much less a therapy.

00:29:12.350 --> 00:29:14.503
And since we now have the technology

00:29:14.503 --> 00:29:16.178
and it's getting cheaper and cheaper,

00:29:16.178 --> 00:29:19.580
why not test broad ranges of factors?

00:29:19.580 --> 00:29:21.710
I mean, things that aren't even known

00:29:21.710 --> 00:29:23.779
to have something to do
with these diseases--

00:29:23.779 --> 00:29:26.420
diet, the air that people breathe,

00:29:26.420 --> 00:29:28.190
the water they're drinking.

00:29:28.190 --> 00:29:30.710
You would've had just a
bunch of random data before,

00:29:30.710 --> 00:29:32.774
but we now do have the computing power

00:29:32.774 --> 00:29:37.490
and the ability to crunch
massive amounts of data.

00:29:37.490 --> 00:29:40.310
And why not find out what
you can learn from that.

00:29:40.310 --> 00:29:43.280
You might find a correlation
that is totally unexpected

00:29:43.280 --> 00:29:46.293
that begins to explain it, and
maybe you can get a therapy.

00:29:47.563 --> 00:29:50.146
[gentle instrumental music]

00:29:56.300 --> 00:29:59.186
Mike Snyder and others are doing these

00:29:59.186 --> 00:30:02.213
really massive experiments
with continuous monitoring.

00:30:04.520 --> 00:30:06.110
It may sound rather simple,

00:30:06.110 --> 00:30:09.034
but there's almost no
data that exists on anyone

00:30:09.034 --> 00:30:11.273
that's continuous monitoring.

00:30:12.350 --> 00:30:14.090
People like Mike and others

00:30:14.090 --> 00:30:17.990
are beginning to set
up protocol standards,

00:30:17.990 --> 00:30:21.050
but this is not the sexy
part, this is not fun.

00:30:21.050 --> 00:30:22.460
This is like the railroads

00:30:22.460 --> 00:30:24.440
back when every different railroad company

00:30:24.440 --> 00:30:26.060
had a different size track.

00:30:26.060 --> 00:30:27.440
And so you had to stop,

00:30:27.440 --> 00:30:29.485
move everything onto the new train,

00:30:29.485 --> 00:30:31.465
and then go along and then do it again.

00:30:31.465 --> 00:30:33.617
And at some point, everybody
got together and said,

00:30:33.617 --> 00:30:35.310
"You know what? We need
to have one track size."

00:30:41.960 --> 00:30:44.150
- I always thought it
was incredibly strange

00:30:44.150 --> 00:30:46.040
the way we practice medicine,

00:30:46.040 --> 00:30:50.570
which is to say that we treat
symptoms after they arise

00:30:50.570 --> 00:30:53.060
and it's very disease-oriented medicine,

00:30:53.060 --> 00:30:54.140
the way things roll out.

00:30:54.140 --> 00:30:56.450
And when we do do things
for healthy people,

00:30:56.450 --> 00:30:59.870
we give them a 15 minute checkup,
measure 15 things and say,

00:30:59.870 --> 00:31:00.830
"Alright, you look fine.

00:31:00.830 --> 00:31:02.360
"Come back in two or three years."

00:31:02.360 --> 00:31:05.510
And that just doesn't seem
like the right way to operate,

00:31:05.510 --> 00:31:07.700
that we should be measuring
people when they're healthy,

00:31:07.700 --> 00:31:10.163
catch things early if
something's going wrong.

00:31:11.720 --> 00:31:14.090
We actually debated who
we should start this on.

00:31:14.090 --> 00:31:17.210
We wound up choosing me
probably for two reasons.

00:31:17.210 --> 00:31:20.480
One is I'm accessible
and very easy to do this.

00:31:20.480 --> 00:31:23.975
And the other is--
it's hard to appreciate now,

00:31:23.975 --> 00:31:25.796
although maybe there's
still elements of this now--

00:31:25.796 --> 00:31:27.162
but it was pretty controversial

00:31:27.162 --> 00:31:29.450
at the time we started this project.

00:31:29.450 --> 00:31:32.030
Studying people's DNA may be
a bad thing, not a good thing.

00:31:32.030 --> 00:31:34.280
There was a lot of
sentiment around about that.

00:31:35.150 --> 00:31:36.740
So I have three smart watches.

00:31:36.740 --> 00:31:38.150
This one's a Fitbit,

00:31:38.150 --> 00:31:39.290
this one's an Apple watch,

00:31:39.290 --> 00:31:41.090
and this one's from another company.

00:31:41.090 --> 00:31:42.350
They all measure heart rate,

00:31:42.350 --> 00:31:44.510
and they're all pretty accurate
for that, believe it or not.

00:31:44.510 --> 00:31:46.053
The heart rate measurements you get

00:31:46.053 --> 00:31:48.320
from most devices these
days is quite accurate--

00:31:48.320 --> 00:31:49.460
in fact, probably more accurate

00:31:49.460 --> 00:31:51.560
than what you can measure
in a doctor's office.

00:31:51.560 --> 00:31:53.630
They then measure a
variety of other things.

00:31:53.630 --> 00:31:55.370
So, the Fitbit will measure sleep.

00:31:55.370 --> 00:31:56.930
They all measure activity, as well.

00:31:56.930 --> 00:31:59.930
So, steps, other sorts
of activities like that.

00:31:59.930 --> 00:32:01.252
This one measures blood pressure.

00:32:01.252 --> 00:32:04.220
This ring is not really just a ring.

00:32:04.220 --> 00:32:05.630
It's actually a sensor as well.

00:32:05.630 --> 00:32:08.930
It measures activity as
well, and heart rate.

00:32:08.930 --> 00:32:10.310
I'm wearing some other device as well.

00:32:10.310 --> 00:32:13.490
I'm wearing a radiation monitor
that's sitting right here.

00:32:13.490 --> 00:32:16.100
I have a continuous glucose monitor on me.

00:32:16.100 --> 00:32:19.790
A glucose monitor tells
me exactly which foods

00:32:19.790 --> 00:32:23.180
spike my glucose, and so
I can try and avoid those.

00:32:23.180 --> 00:32:25.313
It's very personalized,
is the bottom line.

00:32:26.615 --> 00:32:29.390
[gentle piano music]

00:32:29.390 --> 00:32:30.223
When we started this,

00:32:30.223 --> 00:32:32.690
we sequenced my genome and
we predicted I was at risk

00:32:32.690 --> 00:32:34.940
for type 2 diabetes.
And wouldn't you know it,

00:32:34.940 --> 00:32:36.350
during the course of this process,

00:32:36.350 --> 00:32:38.480
I actually got type 2 diabetes,

00:32:38.480 --> 00:32:40.580
which I caught right away
because we were doing

00:32:40.580 --> 00:32:42.830
all these molecular profiles.

00:32:42.830 --> 00:32:44.570
So the bottom line, this is a big deal

00:32:44.570 --> 00:32:46.520
because it's the first time
someone used their genome

00:32:46.520 --> 00:32:48.170
to predict they're at risk for a disease

00:32:48.170 --> 00:32:50.270
and then in fact got the disease.

00:32:50.270 --> 00:32:52.640
The other reason it's a big
deal is because I actually made

00:32:52.640 --> 00:32:54.860
an association between a virus infection

00:32:54.860 --> 00:32:56.750
and type 2 diabetes for the first time,

00:32:56.750 --> 00:32:57.583
which hadn't been done.

00:32:57.583 --> 00:32:59.780
It had been done for
type 1, but not type 2.

00:32:59.780 --> 00:33:02.420
So the interpretation of
all this is that my DNA

00:33:02.420 --> 00:33:05.150
has me predisposed for type 2 diabetes,

00:33:05.150 --> 00:33:07.160
and then in conjunction
with this viral infection

00:33:07.160 --> 00:33:09.140
it's what triggered the disease.

00:33:09.140 --> 00:33:11.658
So genomics, DNA, plus environment.

00:33:11.658 --> 00:33:14.210
That's the hypothesis
that we're testing now.

00:33:14.210 --> 00:33:16.100
Ultimately I'm gonna die of something,

00:33:16.100 --> 00:33:18.260
and I wanna see the molecular
profiles that happen.

00:33:18.260 --> 00:33:20.540
If it's chronic, I'll
try and figure it out.

00:33:20.540 --> 00:33:23.156
If it's acute, the person
after me better figure it out.

00:33:23.156 --> 00:33:25.615
[group laughing]

00:33:29.480 --> 00:33:32.733
When I think we first started
on this eight years ago,

00:33:32.733 --> 00:33:34.600
everybody thought this was
just the stupidest project

00:33:34.600 --> 00:33:35.510
on the planet.

00:33:35.510 --> 00:33:39.080
And then even as we first
rolled out our publication,

00:33:39.080 --> 00:33:41.060
our first findings,
most people didn't get it.

00:33:41.060 --> 00:33:43.400
A lot of pushback about,
why would you study

00:33:43.400 --> 00:33:45.625
one person in incredible detail?

00:33:45.625 --> 00:33:48.380
And I get it, we don't
have to be making billions

00:33:48.380 --> 00:33:50.810
of measurements on
people like we do on me.

00:33:50.810 --> 00:33:52.790
We're doing that as a research project.

00:33:52.790 --> 00:33:55.460
But we should be measuring a
lot more than we currently do

00:33:55.460 --> 00:33:57.407
in the current healthcare system.

00:33:58.949 --> 00:34:01.550
The power of what you can
do from following people

00:34:01.550 --> 00:34:03.008
at an individual level,

00:34:03.008 --> 00:34:05.720
to me the whole thing's a no-brainer.

00:34:05.720 --> 00:34:09.110
We'll be able to better
stratify disease like diabetes,

00:34:09.110 --> 00:34:11.600
like autism, into its different subtypes,

00:34:11.600 --> 00:34:13.520
and then treat people accordingly.

00:34:13.520 --> 00:34:14.690
- What I believe is gonna happen

00:34:14.690 --> 00:34:17.182
is that we're probably gonna
throw out all the old labels,

00:34:17.182 --> 00:34:19.280
things that we call autism

00:34:19.280 --> 00:34:22.236
and chronic fatigue and lupus and MS.

00:34:22.236 --> 00:34:25.490
We may eliminate those
altogether and start to get down

00:34:25.490 --> 00:34:28.430
to the next deeper level,
which are subtypes,

00:34:28.430 --> 00:34:30.800
where people have more
similarity, and they know this

00:34:30.800 --> 00:34:33.500
because they have access to
data they've not had before.

00:34:33.500 --> 00:34:36.543
- That's gonna be something
that the consumer owns,

00:34:36.543 --> 00:34:39.080
and it's about their health.

00:34:39.080 --> 00:34:41.000
So they have a vested interest in it.

00:34:41.000 --> 00:34:43.160
So that really resets everything

00:34:43.160 --> 00:34:46.973
into a different era
of information parity.

00:34:49.181 --> 00:34:51.864
[instrumental music]
[indistinct chatter]

00:34:57.860 --> 00:35:00.863
- Hi guys, how are you?

00:35:02.210 --> 00:35:03.043
I just realized...

00:35:04.220 --> 00:35:05.390
- In Silicon Valley,

00:35:05.390 --> 00:35:08.570
they say that everyone
wants to change the world.

00:35:08.570 --> 00:35:11.150
To be honest, we wanna change our world.

00:35:11.150 --> 00:35:11.983
- Walter and I,

00:35:11.983 --> 00:35:14.600
we are a couple for 20
years, and we've always been

00:35:14.600 --> 00:35:17.043
entrepreneur in science and technology.

00:35:17.043 --> 00:35:20.065
And eight years ago, we
became citizen doctors.

00:35:20.065 --> 00:35:23.810
We are who we are as people,
as a couple, as parents,

00:35:23.810 --> 00:35:26.213
also our background in science and tech.

00:35:26.213 --> 00:35:28.977
Put it on your forehead, you
can also use it on your chest.

00:35:28.977 --> 00:35:31.192
When you have a child with special needs--

00:35:31.192 --> 00:35:34.033
and it can be brain trauma injury, autism,

00:35:34.033 --> 00:35:36.474
or specific chronic disease--

00:35:36.474 --> 00:35:39.890
our kids are very unique,
and most of the time,

00:35:39.890 --> 00:35:44.633
that's the answer for when
medicine cannot help us.

00:35:45.500 --> 00:35:47.630
"It's unique, we don't
know, never heard of it,"

00:35:47.630 --> 00:35:49.550
or, "We don't know, we
don't have enough data"

00:35:49.550 --> 00:35:52.160
or "We don't have enough
clinical research."

00:35:52.160 --> 00:35:54.560
And so that's how it started with us.

00:35:54.560 --> 00:35:57.680
How do we go after that unicity?

00:35:57.680 --> 00:35:59.510
How do we understand that unicity?

00:35:59.510 --> 00:36:04.510
What are the tools we need to
capture how unique our son is,

00:36:04.970 --> 00:36:06.860
to measure in real time and being able

00:36:06.860 --> 00:36:08.810
to understand and act upon it?

00:36:08.810 --> 00:36:11.540
- So we just put in an order
for some new circuit boards...

00:36:11.540 --> 00:36:14.060
- What we are looking at is for patients

00:36:14.060 --> 00:36:17.480
and consumers to have a better
relationship with the doctor,

00:36:17.480 --> 00:36:18.771
a better conversation.

00:36:18.771 --> 00:36:20.663
So having the data is one thing,

00:36:20.663 --> 00:36:24.230
but having that data being
actionable for the doctor

00:36:24.230 --> 00:36:27.590
is very important because if
it's not cleared by the FDA,

00:36:27.590 --> 00:36:30.320
there's no way the doctor will look at it.

00:36:30.320 --> 00:36:33.439
Yeah, so I'm kind of
struggling here, because...

00:36:33.439 --> 00:36:35.714
- We were about to ship in March.

00:36:35.714 --> 00:36:39.738
So we post because the
unit had some problems.

00:36:39.738 --> 00:36:42.470
- But that way we can reduce
those signal noises...

00:36:42.470 --> 00:36:43.520
- So we have some issues,

00:36:43.520 --> 00:36:46.009
but problems are also opportunities.

00:36:46.009 --> 00:36:48.070
They're here to be solved.

00:36:48.070 --> 00:36:49.100
- At the same time,

00:36:49.100 --> 00:36:54.100
we expanded our efforts in
what we call wet biomarkers--

00:36:54.350 --> 00:36:57.860
blood and urine and
saliva testing at home,

00:36:57.860 --> 00:37:00.170
in the comfort of your
home or on the road.

00:37:00.170 --> 00:37:02.139
- Things that you would
find in the urine could be--

00:37:02.139 --> 00:37:05.930
They could be indicators
of liver problems,

00:37:05.930 --> 00:37:07.349
kidney problems.

00:37:07.349 --> 00:37:09.290
And generally if you're
gonna see a problem,

00:37:09.290 --> 00:37:10.460
it's gonna come out in the urine,

00:37:10.460 --> 00:37:11.470
and so it's gonna be looking...

00:37:11.470 --> 00:37:14.810
- It's not easy.
We have a lot of bad days,

00:37:14.810 --> 00:37:17.762
because starting a company
and keeping the course

00:37:17.762 --> 00:37:20.750
and hiring people, raising the money,

00:37:20.750 --> 00:37:23.540
that's one part.
It's really hard also

00:37:23.540 --> 00:37:27.630
to build products that work
really, really well right away,

00:37:27.630 --> 00:37:30.740
especially in hardware,
especially in medical.

00:37:30.740 --> 00:37:33.830
But I think that the day that we became

00:37:33.830 --> 00:37:38.180
the parents of a child with medical issues

00:37:38.180 --> 00:37:42.680
that are today not solvable, not curable,

00:37:42.680 --> 00:37:45.083
I think that our destiny was set.

00:37:46.120 --> 00:37:47.503
[indistinct conversation]

00:37:48.507 --> 00:37:50.770
Yup, that's the name of the song.

00:37:52.443 --> 00:37:53.605
- Not too loud.

00:37:53.605 --> 00:37:54.830
- Not too loud?

00:37:55.730 --> 00:37:57.945
You're the one telling me not too loud?

00:37:57.945 --> 00:37:59.387
It's a joke, right?

00:37:59.387 --> 00:38:00.220
- Okay.

00:38:01.459 --> 00:38:02.780
- It's a journey.

00:38:02.780 --> 00:38:07.013
You have to embrace the journey
in order to make it happen.

00:38:08.240 --> 00:38:10.673
You have to want it very, very badly.

00:38:14.535 --> 00:38:17.118
[gentle music]

00:38:18.532 --> 00:38:21.365
[water lapping]

00:38:30.230 --> 00:38:32.630
- Cranberry Lake is idyllic for me.

00:38:32.630 --> 00:38:36.023
I grew up here,
my children grew up here.

00:38:38.482 --> 00:38:43.482
The house was built in 1923,
and my parents and grandparents

00:38:43.970 --> 00:38:46.223
joined together to purchase it.

00:38:48.320 --> 00:38:52.940
We swim and sail and kayak
and paddle boat and ski,

00:38:52.940 --> 00:38:56.318
and just anything you can do on the water.

00:38:56.318 --> 00:38:57.680
- Hi guys.

00:38:57.680 --> 00:39:01.403
It really is an important
destressor for us.

00:39:07.610 --> 00:39:10.100
There are days that are really hard,

00:39:10.100 --> 00:39:12.173
really, really difficult.

00:39:13.610 --> 00:39:15.983
It's like being in a storm
on my little sailboat.

00:39:17.120 --> 00:39:19.707
You're tossed, you capsize,

00:39:19.707 --> 00:39:22.310
you're trying to get back on course.

00:39:22.310 --> 00:39:25.430
You don't know sometimes
even where you're going.

00:39:25.430 --> 00:39:28.103
But you keep going,
you have to keep going.

00:39:29.831 --> 00:39:31.520
- Oh, that is so good.

00:39:33.920 --> 00:39:37.580
- I believe that Elizabeth can be well.

00:39:37.580 --> 00:39:41.600
And more importantly, Elizabeth
has asked me to find a cure.

00:39:41.600 --> 00:39:45.977
She wants a voice, she's
told me she wants to speak.

00:39:45.977 --> 00:39:48.920
- I,N,G, "living."

00:39:48.920 --> 00:39:52.040
- I'm incredibly thankful
she's found typing,

00:39:52.040 --> 00:39:55.640
so she can tell us all
that's in her beautiful mind.

00:39:55.640 --> 00:39:56.473
- N.

00:39:56.473 --> 00:39:59.300
- But she wants to speak.

00:39:59.300 --> 00:40:00.770
- S, "is."

00:40:00.770 --> 00:40:04.974
- I get calls from moms all the time,

00:40:04.974 --> 00:40:09.350
asking me how to move forward.

00:40:09.350 --> 00:40:11.870
And every child with autism is different.

00:40:11.870 --> 00:40:14.000
I don't have all the answers.

00:40:14.000 --> 00:40:14.960
- S.

00:40:14.960 --> 00:40:18.710
- But together, we are pushing the doctors

00:40:18.710 --> 00:40:22.520
and the scientists into new areas.

00:40:22.520 --> 00:40:24.650
There's a new model for medicine,

00:40:24.650 --> 00:40:28.070
and the patients are in this equation.

00:40:28.070 --> 00:40:31.820
Patient-centered care, personalized care.

00:40:31.820 --> 00:40:32.960
That's what we need,

00:40:32.960 --> 00:40:37.568
because this is not a
one-size-fits-all disease.

00:40:38.880 --> 00:40:41.768
- "Living in silence is no real life."

00:40:45.505 --> 00:40:47.755
[gentle instrumental music]

00:40:51.260 --> 00:40:52.312
- ...like a treatment,

00:40:52.312 --> 00:40:53.531
'cause there are some
kids that have, like,

00:40:53.531 --> 00:40:55.228
a different diagnosis, but they...

00:40:55.228 --> 00:40:56.581
- Same treatment.

00:40:56.581 --> 00:40:57.414
- Yeah.

00:41:02.450 --> 00:41:05.990
So I've been asked to come
here and share with you guys

00:41:05.990 --> 00:41:09.650
a bit of my story living
with Crohn's disease,

00:41:09.650 --> 00:41:11.300
the journey that I've taken

00:41:11.300 --> 00:41:14.420
through trying to cure
the darn thing, right?

00:41:14.420 --> 00:41:17.485
And what I wanted to do
is share with you guys

00:41:17.485 --> 00:41:19.210
a set of stories.

00:41:19.210 --> 00:41:22.010
Some of them are stories
that are of serious hardship,

00:41:22.010 --> 00:41:24.020
some of them are more lighthearted,

00:41:24.020 --> 00:41:25.550
but hopefully there's
some lessons in there

00:41:25.550 --> 00:41:27.380
that I wanna share with you as well.

00:41:27.380 --> 00:41:28.283
As Paul mentioned...

00:41:28.283 --> 00:41:30.350
To me, it's a really hopeless situation

00:41:30.350 --> 00:41:33.830
if a patient is suffering
where they have to go

00:41:33.830 --> 00:41:36.470
to the restroom, 5, 10, 15 times a day,

00:41:36.470 --> 00:41:38.540
they're losing weight dramatically,

00:41:38.540 --> 00:41:43.400
and they are grasping at straws
at ways to prevent having

00:41:43.400 --> 00:41:45.290
to have their intestine cut out.

00:41:45.290 --> 00:41:46.700
Hi, I'm Sean,

00:41:46.700 --> 00:41:50.283
and I'm going to swallow parasitic worms.

00:41:51.172 --> 00:41:55.520
Why? Because I have a digestive
illness that I believe

00:41:55.520 --> 00:41:58.550
these parasitic worms
might be able to treat.

00:41:58.550 --> 00:42:01.850
If you can make data
out of that experience,

00:42:01.850 --> 00:42:06.410
that means that no one's
suffering is for naught, right?

00:42:06.410 --> 00:42:08.840
Each patient can then be
a bit of a trailblazer

00:42:08.840 --> 00:42:11.090
to help sort of carry the torch forward.

00:42:11.090 --> 00:42:16.077
You live with your condition
for 99.999% of your life,

00:42:16.077 --> 00:42:18.590
and your doctor sees
you for that tiny bit.

00:42:18.590 --> 00:42:19.441
So you need to know these...

00:42:19.441 --> 00:42:21.440
Where I want the ball to move

00:42:21.440 --> 00:42:25.160
is that I want researchers
to take very seriously

00:42:25.160 --> 00:42:27.890
that set of data and be able to use it

00:42:27.890 --> 00:42:30.140
to make conclusions that get written back

00:42:30.140 --> 00:42:32.810
in that same book that
doctors are referencing

00:42:32.810 --> 00:42:34.393
to treat new patients.

00:42:35.993 --> 00:42:38.576
[gentle music]

00:42:46.610 --> 00:42:50.840
- I had discovered through
doing longitudinal time series

00:42:50.840 --> 00:42:54.350
of my blood and stool that I had a form

00:42:54.350 --> 00:42:58.460
of inflammatory disease,
basically Crohn's disease,

00:42:58.460 --> 00:43:00.260
but limited to the large intestine--

00:43:00.260 --> 00:43:02.760
a piece of the large
intestine, the sigmoid colon.

00:43:03.770 --> 00:43:08.600
And so I started doing MRIs,
and when I got out of the tube

00:43:08.600 --> 00:43:10.591
I would say, "Give me my data."

00:43:10.591 --> 00:43:12.050
And they would cut me a disc,

00:43:12.050 --> 00:43:15.500
I'd bring it to my virtual
reality expert at my institute,

00:43:15.500 --> 00:43:18.720
and we'd convert, say,
150 slices front to back

00:43:18.720 --> 00:43:20.679
into a transparent layer.

00:43:20.679 --> 00:43:25.679
Here's the aorta, here's it
splitting into the iliacs--

00:43:26.330 --> 00:43:28.670
these are the arteries
that go down your legs.

00:43:28.670 --> 00:43:31.533
Because I was monitoring in 3D,

00:43:31.533 --> 00:43:35.150
I could look at the thickness
of the wall of a portion

00:43:35.150 --> 00:43:38.030
of my colon and noticing
that over the years

00:43:38.030 --> 00:43:40.070
it was getting thicker and thicker,

00:43:40.070 --> 00:43:43.520
and the opening that everything
has to go through to get out

00:43:43.520 --> 00:43:45.655
was getting smaller and smaller.

00:43:45.655 --> 00:43:50.655
And here you have a 3D
printout of that part.

00:43:51.380 --> 00:43:55.310
I realized that at the
current rate of change,

00:43:55.310 --> 00:43:58.610
I was going to probably internally explode

00:43:58.610 --> 00:44:01.760
within the next six months,
and so I decided,

00:44:01.760 --> 00:44:04.553
I believe it's time for
a surgical intervention.

00:44:05.810 --> 00:44:08.210
Now, I'm not a fan of surgery.

00:44:08.210 --> 00:44:09.043
On the other hand,

00:44:09.043 --> 00:44:11.930
I'm not a fan of having
an internal explosion.

00:44:11.930 --> 00:44:13.910
So I went and talked to the surgeon, said,

00:44:13.910 --> 00:44:17.690
"Do you have time for a 30
slide PowerPoint presentation

00:44:17.690 --> 00:44:20.930
both in 3D and time series of biomarkers,"

00:44:20.930 --> 00:44:21.763
and everything else.

00:44:21.763 --> 00:44:25.580
And by the time I finished
that, she said, "Okay."

00:44:25.580 --> 00:44:27.590
- The idea here is that this information

00:44:27.590 --> 00:44:30.560
is coming to you before surgery,

00:44:30.560 --> 00:44:31.760
and so your brain has had time

00:44:31.760 --> 00:44:33.560
to sort of integrate it into everything.

00:44:33.560 --> 00:44:35.690
And now you just sort of
want all of this stuff

00:44:35.690 --> 00:44:37.400
put together for you
in the operating room.

00:44:37.400 --> 00:44:40.671
So you're looking at what
you need in the moment.

00:44:40.671 --> 00:44:43.550
At times I would look at
my 3D model and tell them

00:44:43.550 --> 00:44:45.080
to kind of angle it in a way

00:44:45.080 --> 00:44:48.333
that sort of mimics what
I'm seeing interops.

00:44:48.333 --> 00:44:50.000
It was integrated in a
way that I didn't see it

00:44:50.000 --> 00:44:51.680
for the first time at that moment.

00:44:51.680 --> 00:44:54.440
I was already visualizing
it before surgery.

00:44:54.440 --> 00:44:56.480
My brain was already working
on it before surgery.

00:44:56.480 --> 00:44:57.590
So when I got in there,

00:44:57.590 --> 00:45:00.040
at least I've had time to
process it from before.

00:45:00.950 --> 00:45:02.120
- My surgeon, I think,

00:45:02.120 --> 00:45:05.360
is a very special early-adopting doctor.

00:45:06.352 --> 00:45:08.990
And so she probably saved,
by her estimation,

00:45:08.990 --> 00:45:10.880
45 minutes or an hour and a half

00:45:10.880 --> 00:45:12.530
of me being under anesthesia,

00:45:12.530 --> 00:45:16.163
which means a great deal in
terms of patient recovery.

00:45:17.090 --> 00:45:18.700
I had done 10,000 steps,

00:45:18.700 --> 00:45:20.575
five miles the day before the surgery.

00:45:21.458 --> 00:45:24.503
I was back to doing
10,000 steps in two weeks.

00:45:26.900 --> 00:45:30.500
It was finding that path

00:45:30.500 --> 00:45:33.583
where the patient-doctor relationship

00:45:33.583 --> 00:45:35.972
could be taken to a new level.

00:45:35.972 --> 00:45:39.226
Of course, because Crohn's disease or IBD

00:45:39.226 --> 00:45:43.911
is a autoimmune disease with a
human genetic susceptibility,

00:45:43.911 --> 00:45:47.180
it could in principle
come back in the future.

00:45:47.180 --> 00:45:49.970
But we know that human
genome only accounts

00:45:49.970 --> 00:45:54.380
for about 20% of IBD.
80% is environment,

00:45:54.380 --> 00:45:57.443
and a lot of that environment
is your microbiome.

00:45:58.670 --> 00:46:01.820
We pulled this down from the
Human Microbiome Project.

00:46:01.820 --> 00:46:04.790
It's like 100 million reads per person.

00:46:04.790 --> 00:46:08.210
- The microbiome is something
that's really a new frontier.

00:46:08.210 --> 00:46:09.230
- There are these microbes

00:46:09.230 --> 00:46:10.700
that are helping you digest your food,

00:46:10.700 --> 00:46:13.970
the bacteria that are in you
that are working with you.

00:46:13.970 --> 00:46:16.430
There's actually more bacteria in our body

00:46:16.430 --> 00:46:18.080
than there are cells in our body.

00:46:18.080 --> 00:46:23.080
90% of the DNA-bearing cells
in your body are not human.

00:46:23.420 --> 00:46:25.111
They're the microbes.

00:46:26.344 --> 00:46:28.927
[gentle music]

00:46:31.700 --> 00:46:33.620
The front lines of your immune system

00:46:33.620 --> 00:46:36.110
is actually in your large intestine.

00:46:36.110 --> 00:46:38.935
That's your largest immune organ by far.

00:46:38.935 --> 00:46:42.830
And you have hundreds of species
and thousands of strains.

00:46:42.830 --> 00:46:47.387
If those get so far away from
healthy that the immune system

00:46:47.387 --> 00:46:51.447
essentially recognizes them as "bad guys,"

00:46:51.447 --> 00:46:53.210
the immune system goes after them

00:46:53.210 --> 00:46:55.640
and then you are the casualty.

00:46:55.640 --> 00:46:59.559
And yet that microbial
world is entirely outside

00:46:59.559 --> 00:47:00.863
of medicine as we know it.

00:47:01.940 --> 00:47:04.880
If you look at the major
scientific journals,

00:47:04.880 --> 00:47:09.590
you'll see that emulsifiers,
artificial sweeteners,

00:47:09.590 --> 00:47:12.740
a whole bunch of these things
are messing up the microbiome

00:47:12.740 --> 00:47:15.140
in ways that the people
who developed these foods

00:47:15.140 --> 00:47:16.493
didn't have any idea.

00:47:18.860 --> 00:47:21.977
I believe that the phenomena

00:47:21.977 --> 00:47:24.430
of a lot of these autoimmune
diseases is an interplay

00:47:24.430 --> 00:47:27.590
between the immune system
and your gut microbiome.

00:47:27.590 --> 00:47:31.400
So if I look, for instance,
at this particular microbe,

00:47:31.400 --> 00:47:34.340
you'll see that that I'm about 0.038,

00:47:34.340 --> 00:47:38.485
so about 4% of the total
abundance across all the phyla

00:47:38.485 --> 00:47:40.280
is the Bacteroidetes.

00:47:40.280 --> 00:47:43.070
If I look down here at a healthy person,

00:47:43.070 --> 00:47:46.380
this is an average of 25 people, it's 88%.

00:47:46.380 --> 00:47:49.940
So I've had a mass extinction event.

00:47:49.940 --> 00:47:54.469
I'm fortunate that my disease
is not as debilitating

00:47:54.469 --> 00:47:57.020
as so many of these people are.

00:47:57.020 --> 00:47:59.884
To give those people some
hope that this data approach

00:47:59.884 --> 00:48:03.560
is going to bring new insights,

00:48:03.560 --> 00:48:05.570
new ways of evaluating therapy,

00:48:05.570 --> 00:48:06.406
and I think...

00:48:06.406 --> 00:48:09.531
The great hope is that
we will be able to tune,

00:48:09.531 --> 00:48:14.240
to garden your microbiome
back to relative health.

00:48:14.240 --> 00:48:17.450
While you don't cure someone
of a lifetime disease

00:48:17.450 --> 00:48:19.943
like this, you can keep it in remission.

00:48:23.828 --> 00:48:25.994
[gentle instrumental music]

00:48:36.249 --> 00:48:39.357
[violin melody]

00:48:46.220 --> 00:48:48.500
- Sometimes when a company starts to grow

00:48:48.500 --> 00:48:49.991
and becomes important,

00:48:49.991 --> 00:48:54.923
you can have disagreement
on the vision and strategy.

00:48:56.120 --> 00:48:59.591
So Walter and I, we left Scanadu
two years and a half ago.

00:49:00.475 --> 00:49:03.358
As founders, we just
felt it was better for us

00:49:03.358 --> 00:49:07.392
to let other people manage the boat

00:49:07.392 --> 00:49:10.790
and for us to do other
things in healthcare.

00:49:10.790 --> 00:49:13.343
And doc.ai, it's not that different.

00:49:14.531 --> 00:49:16.070
Doc.ai is a medical research companion

00:49:16.070 --> 00:49:17.510
for patients, consumers,

00:49:17.510 --> 00:49:20.077
but also for the healthcare industries.

00:49:20.077 --> 00:49:22.487
- 50 Million people affected
by allergies, and you see...

00:49:22.487 --> 00:49:26.306
- I think for us it's the
same mission, the same battle.

00:49:26.306 --> 00:49:28.070
We just wanna enable people

00:49:28.070 --> 00:49:30.893
to have a better
understanding of their health.

00:49:36.470 --> 00:49:37.730
I have a lot of questions

00:49:37.730 --> 00:49:41.390
when it comes to my son
that nobody can answer.

00:49:41.390 --> 00:49:43.940
Our doctors have been very
straightforward about that.

00:49:43.940 --> 00:49:44.773
Like, "You know what?

00:49:44.773 --> 00:49:45.830
"This is trial and error."

00:49:45.830 --> 00:49:47.450
So, just to give you an example,

00:49:47.450 --> 00:49:49.861
Nelson has epilepsy among other things.

00:49:49.861 --> 00:49:52.010
So he takes a ton of medications,

00:49:52.010 --> 00:49:53.768
like maybe 10 pills per day.

00:49:55.443 --> 00:49:58.580
However, we have no idea
which ones are truly working

00:49:58.580 --> 00:49:59.783
and which ones are not.

00:50:01.040 --> 00:50:02.750
And we don't know on the longer term

00:50:02.750 --> 00:50:04.643
what the real side effects will be.

00:50:10.400 --> 00:50:12.860
The more I'm involved with my son's health

00:50:12.860 --> 00:50:15.260
and the healthcare system in general,

00:50:15.260 --> 00:50:18.380
the more I understand that medicine

00:50:18.380 --> 00:50:21.491
is this huge research project, okay?

00:50:21.491 --> 00:50:23.510
And it's research for everybody.

00:50:23.510 --> 00:50:26.493
You really want people
to get the sense of,

00:50:26.493 --> 00:50:28.730
those are the four actions you can...

00:50:28.730 --> 00:50:30.530
- Everyone wants to learn,

00:50:30.530 --> 00:50:33.080
and now suddenly we can
do that learning curve.

00:50:34.515 --> 00:50:36.230
And why is that so important,
that learning curve?

00:50:36.230 --> 00:50:39.113
Because you can help others.

00:50:39.950 --> 00:50:43.648
- Our app enables people,
patients or caregivers

00:50:43.648 --> 00:50:45.773
to join research projects.

00:50:46.979 --> 00:50:49.250
Research is very slow, very expensive.

00:50:49.250 --> 00:50:50.753
It's still in silos.

00:50:51.740 --> 00:50:54.530
It's very easy to join a research project

00:50:54.530 --> 00:50:57.170
that is trying to use all that data

00:50:57.170 --> 00:51:00.020
that has been collected
to build predictive models

00:51:00.020 --> 00:51:01.650
around a very specific question.

00:51:01.650 --> 00:51:04.700
So it could be epilepsy and medication,

00:51:04.700 --> 00:51:07.193
it could be Crohn disease and supplements.

00:51:09.350 --> 00:51:13.220
Hi, Sean. Do you see us?

00:51:13.220 --> 00:51:14.980
- I do see you two.

00:51:14.980 --> 00:51:17.180
- So Sean, when we met each other,

00:51:17.180 --> 00:51:20.682
we started to discuss about
the core of what doc.ai does.

00:51:20.682 --> 00:51:23.750
And so he said, "I think
that would be awesome

00:51:23.750 --> 00:51:27.623
"if we could have a research
project with my community,"

00:51:27.623 --> 00:51:29.610
and said, "Okay, but what kind of problems

00:51:29.610 --> 00:51:31.220
"are you trying to solve?"

00:51:31.220 --> 00:51:35.000
- If we continue to exist in this paradigm

00:51:35.000 --> 00:51:38.150
where only things that fit well

00:51:38.150 --> 00:51:42.980
into a traditional research
paradigm will be studied,

00:51:42.980 --> 00:51:46.160
we're gonna continue to miss out on things

00:51:46.160 --> 00:51:49.340
like dietary changes, lifestyle changes...

00:51:49.340 --> 00:51:50.763
- Something that stayed
with me, he told me,

00:51:50.763 --> 00:51:53.598
"You know, we all take supplements."

00:51:53.598 --> 00:51:54.673
It was like, oh, that's interesting,

00:51:54.673 --> 00:51:56.210
because right away it's reminding me

00:51:56.210 --> 00:51:58.460
of what we do with epilepsy,
with medication.

00:51:58.460 --> 00:52:00.620
I said, "But do you have
a list of supplements?"

00:52:00.620 --> 00:52:03.796
He said, "Yeah, we have about
50 supplements we all take.

00:52:03.796 --> 00:52:05.210
"And it's trial and error.

00:52:05.210 --> 00:52:07.970
"It works for certain people
and it doesn't work for others.

00:52:07.970 --> 00:52:09.185
"We don't know why and how."

00:52:09.185 --> 00:52:13.699
So we have the PI.
Dr. Sahli is from Kansas City,

00:52:13.699 --> 00:52:14.861
he's very excited.

00:52:14.861 --> 00:52:17.900
He's saying that what we
do is research on steroids.

00:52:17.900 --> 00:52:20.360
So he's like, "Wow, let's do it."

00:52:20.360 --> 00:52:21.500
- All right, wow.

00:52:21.500 --> 00:52:23.960
- We also e-connected with this community,

00:52:23.960 --> 00:52:26.480
and we had almost 200 people

00:52:26.480 --> 00:52:28.760
not knowing what the
research was like, "We're in.

00:52:28.760 --> 00:52:30.218
"Whatever you do, we're in."

00:52:30.218 --> 00:52:33.298
The protocols, we propose that
people collect their phenome,

00:52:33.298 --> 00:52:36.290
their exposome, their
physiome and their microbiome.

00:52:36.290 --> 00:52:37.760
Anything you do in healthcare

00:52:37.760 --> 00:52:39.770
when you're trying to help move the needle

00:52:39.770 --> 00:52:41.210
is extremely difficult.

00:52:41.210 --> 00:52:43.389
You get cheered and you get destroyed

00:52:43.389 --> 00:52:45.267
because you want to innovate,

00:52:45.267 --> 00:52:48.230
especially when you are
not a medical doctor.

00:52:48.230 --> 00:52:50.090
But I don't care, I'm a caregiver.

00:52:50.090 --> 00:52:54.230
I think I have enough
experience in what's possible

00:52:54.230 --> 00:52:55.293
and what's not.

00:52:56.177 --> 00:52:58.868
Anything that can help
move the needle faster

00:52:58.868 --> 00:53:00.276
we should pursue.

00:53:00.276 --> 00:53:01.430
I think that's gonna be exciting.

00:53:01.430 --> 00:53:04.400
- If we wait for the medical
establishment to embrace data,

00:53:04.400 --> 00:53:08.237
we'll wait a long time. We
have to be radical, I think,

00:53:08.237 --> 00:53:09.830
in order to affect change.

00:53:09.830 --> 00:53:11.750
- But merely collecting the data--

00:53:11.750 --> 00:53:13.490
which we're very good at now, I mean,

00:53:13.490 --> 00:53:15.146
we really know how to do that.

00:53:15.146 --> 00:53:20.146
Other aspects of life--
marketing, various industries,

00:53:20.600 --> 00:53:23.363
all of that-- we've learned
to interpret the data.

00:53:23.363 --> 00:53:25.280
Health, we're just
getting started with it,

00:53:25.280 --> 00:53:26.990
and it's infinitely more complicated

00:53:26.990 --> 00:53:28.520
than almost anything else.

00:53:28.520 --> 00:53:33.020
And so I would say that having
the data is the first step,

00:53:33.020 --> 00:53:36.440
but having the interpretation
of that data and the effective

00:53:36.440 --> 00:53:39.083
use of it, that's where
the hope comes from.

00:53:42.648 --> 00:53:45.423
[gentle instrumental music]

00:53:54.800 --> 00:53:56.630
- I do teach at a technical institution.

00:53:56.630 --> 00:53:58.642
I teach design and software there.

00:53:58.642 --> 00:54:01.340
But I find that you
have to make things real

00:54:01.340 --> 00:54:02.270
in the real world,

00:54:02.270 --> 00:54:04.760
and so that's why I
started a design studio

00:54:04.760 --> 00:54:07.040
in the healthcare and biology space.

00:54:07.040 --> 00:54:08.570
This is called hGraph.

00:54:08.570 --> 00:54:11.210
It's one symbol or one way to look

00:54:11.210 --> 00:54:13.103
at all of your health in one picture.

00:54:15.200 --> 00:54:17.930
My story probably is a
lot like other people's,

00:54:17.930 --> 00:54:21.050
where we don't think about
health for a long time.

00:54:21.050 --> 00:54:25.460
You get a checkup and you see things

00:54:25.460 --> 00:54:26.540
that you hadn't seen before.

00:54:26.540 --> 00:54:27.920
You get a blood result going,

00:54:27.920 --> 00:54:29.090
"Oh, what the heck was that?"

00:54:29.090 --> 00:54:30.560
And so from there, I'm like, well,

00:54:30.560 --> 00:54:34.340
how do you start to visualize
or see what's happening in me?

00:54:34.340 --> 00:54:36.770
So there's this green
zone, that's the good zone.

00:54:36.770 --> 00:54:38.570
If you're out of it, not so good,

00:54:38.570 --> 00:54:40.217
but if you're inside of it you're okay.

00:54:40.217 --> 00:54:43.220
And this gives you a quick
picture, and there's a score.

00:54:43.220 --> 00:54:45.830
And then this is sort of one zone of that.

00:54:45.830 --> 00:54:47.330
This is my Cleveland Heart labs.

00:54:47.330 --> 00:54:49.550
I've gotten better since then.

00:54:49.550 --> 00:54:52.040
All of my data, including
my entire sequence,

00:54:52.040 --> 00:54:53.480
genome sequence, has been open sourced

00:54:53.480 --> 00:54:54.980
and downloadable on GitHub.

00:54:54.980 --> 00:54:57.803
So feel free to plant it
on a crime scene somewhere.

00:54:59.660 --> 00:55:01.370
You need to see your health

00:55:01.370 --> 00:55:03.270
and you also need to see it over time.

00:55:06.601 --> 00:55:07.790
- Ramsey, come here.

00:55:07.790 --> 00:55:10.760
I have two boys.
Jimmy has autism,

00:55:10.760 --> 00:55:13.640
and we tried different
treatments with him,

00:55:13.640 --> 00:55:17.150
and I tried to track his
reactions to those treatments.

00:55:17.150 --> 00:55:18.500
Okay, deal?

00:55:18.500 --> 00:55:20.150
- How are you tracking it now?

00:55:20.150 --> 00:55:22.520
- Excel spreadsheets, it's really sad.

00:55:22.520 --> 00:55:25.160
That's my database, it's
an Excel spreadsheet,

00:55:25.160 --> 00:55:28.400
which is not very usable, frankly.

00:55:28.400 --> 00:55:30.260
I can't run reports against it.

00:55:30.260 --> 00:55:32.630
I can just use my eyes to look at it

00:55:32.630 --> 00:55:35.000
and see if I can find any patterns

00:55:35.000 --> 00:55:38.630
or anything that repeats or that changes

00:55:38.630 --> 00:55:41.720
so I can make decisions on
what to do next with him.

00:55:41.720 --> 00:55:45.470
10 drops of this one, one drop
of vitamin D, and castor oil.

00:55:45.470 --> 00:55:48.518
But it's very limited, my
brain is very limited too.

00:55:48.518 --> 00:55:52.010
You have to fill it all
the way to here, okay?

00:55:52.010 --> 00:55:55.880
- Nadia, I can sympathize, my
own son is on the spectrum.

00:55:55.880 --> 00:55:59.180
And so part of what I'm
doing in healthcare is, well,

00:55:59.180 --> 00:56:02.690
how do I see his progression or not?

00:56:02.690 --> 00:56:05.120
Right now, there are really
no interpretation tools

00:56:05.120 --> 00:56:08.570
or services that give me
something back that I can use.

00:56:08.570 --> 00:56:11.240
There are parents like me that have kids

00:56:11.240 --> 00:56:13.040
that have specific needs

00:56:13.040 --> 00:56:14.780
that we're scratching
our heads every day--

00:56:14.780 --> 00:56:17.840
"Well, why is this happening,
why is that going on?"--

00:56:17.840 --> 00:56:21.050
that we have no real action plan for.

00:56:21.050 --> 00:56:23.900
And that to me is the critical
thing that we need to build

00:56:23.900 --> 00:56:28.220
and design and evolve
for parents, for adults,

00:56:28.220 --> 00:56:30.808
for kids to manage their own health.

00:56:30.808 --> 00:56:33.475
[gentle music]

00:56:36.097 --> 00:56:37.760
- Whole picture of health,

00:56:37.760 --> 00:56:39.827
because it's so difficult to understand

00:56:39.827 --> 00:56:41.727
and visualize how your health...

00:56:41.727 --> 00:56:44.901
- My two sons, their health is captured

00:56:44.901 --> 00:56:46.070
in a big giant binder.

00:56:46.070 --> 00:56:48.611
This is what, 2020 almost.

00:56:48.611 --> 00:56:49.970
Here we are still thinking about,

00:56:49.970 --> 00:56:52.430
"Well, is that gonna get faxed to me?"

00:56:52.430 --> 00:56:53.603
That's insane.

00:56:54.560 --> 00:56:57.410
One of the biggest questions
we need to answer around health

00:56:57.410 --> 00:56:59.540
is how we look at our health data--

00:56:59.540 --> 00:57:01.940
all of our health data, in one picture.

00:57:01.940 --> 00:57:05.418
- The idea is to have one view,
one dashboard for our health

00:57:05.418 --> 00:57:07.010
that lets us see what's working

00:57:07.010 --> 00:57:09.213
and what's not working, like here.

00:57:09.213 --> 00:57:12.470
And with enough of this kind
of information from families

00:57:12.470 --> 00:57:14.865
and from patients with
autism, in this case,

00:57:14.865 --> 00:57:18.080
we might be able to treat
each flavor of autism

00:57:18.080 --> 00:57:20.990
or each chronic disease more precisely.

00:57:20.990 --> 00:57:23.490
- Parents with kids who
have chronic disease,

00:57:23.490 --> 00:57:26.636
they just can't manage
it with encyclopedias

00:57:26.636 --> 00:57:30.800
of printed material. But
with this health dashboard,

00:57:30.800 --> 00:57:34.850
we get this first-time-ever
broad view of our entire health.

00:57:34.850 --> 00:57:36.860
- Just so you see where
the trend is going.

00:57:36.860 --> 00:57:37.693
- Yeah.

00:57:37.693 --> 00:57:38.720
- Okay.

00:57:38.720 --> 00:57:41.600
- There's gotta be a
cultural revolution here

00:57:41.600 --> 00:57:43.460
to personal control,

00:57:43.460 --> 00:57:47.210
personal responsibility for
keeping your body healthy.

00:57:47.210 --> 00:57:49.220
- Dietary change or exercise

00:57:49.220 --> 00:57:52.550
or medications or other remedies.

00:57:52.550 --> 00:57:54.530
All of those can be relevant.

00:57:54.530 --> 00:57:55.742
So the question is,

00:57:55.742 --> 00:57:58.223
how do we help the individual
sift through those?

00:57:59.808 --> 00:58:03.380
- When I started this
whole mission with my son,

00:58:03.380 --> 00:58:06.920
I did look into a number of
kids that were recovered.

00:58:06.920 --> 00:58:09.140
And so I talked to their
parents and I asked them,

00:58:09.140 --> 00:58:12.770
"How did you do it?," and they
all had different answers.

00:58:12.770 --> 00:58:14.815
Literally all of them.
What works for one

00:58:14.815 --> 00:58:16.130
does not work for the other.

00:58:16.130 --> 00:58:17.630
There are subgroups.

00:58:17.630 --> 00:58:21.920
There are some kids that do
really well when we address

00:58:21.920 --> 00:58:25.820
environmental toxins,
heavy metals, allergens

00:58:25.820 --> 00:58:28.294
and things like that.
If we address that,

00:58:28.294 --> 00:58:30.770
then they get better
and maybe even recover.

00:58:30.770 --> 00:58:32.060
- Your's did well by diet, right?

00:58:32.060 --> 00:58:32.947
- Exactly.

00:58:32.947 --> 00:58:34.805
- So they couldn't eat the fish...

00:58:34.805 --> 00:58:35.963
- For my son, for Jimmy,

00:58:35.963 --> 00:58:39.410
I literally removed
all grains, all sugars,

00:58:39.410 --> 00:58:42.530
and it's been unbelievable.
I mean, he's been amazing.

00:58:42.530 --> 00:58:44.420
He's very attentive at school.

00:58:44.420 --> 00:58:45.590
He's very patient.

00:58:45.590 --> 00:58:49.100
We don't have any
tantrums unless he cheats

00:58:49.100 --> 00:58:51.770
with a little bit of
fries or French fries.

00:58:51.770 --> 00:58:53.543
So he's that sensitive to it.

00:58:54.825 --> 00:58:56.420
- He has a trigger like this.

00:58:56.420 --> 00:58:58.270
- Collecting data that we can,

00:58:58.270 --> 00:59:00.590
of people who do have
autism and who don't--

00:59:00.590 --> 00:59:04.010
how vital signs change, how
growth is happening over time,

00:59:04.010 --> 00:59:05.960
chemical exposures that are there--

00:59:05.960 --> 00:59:08.000
- We need to collect this information

00:59:08.000 --> 00:59:11.269
with our clinicians
and with our care teams

00:59:11.269 --> 00:59:13.730
and family members and kids.

00:59:13.730 --> 00:59:15.851
- If we can start to embrace that

00:59:15.851 --> 00:59:17.750
and then share that out with other people,

00:59:17.750 --> 00:59:19.970
what's working for us, what's not working,

00:59:19.970 --> 00:59:22.640
then that's where the
magic will start to happen.

00:59:22.640 --> 00:59:24.620
- We can learn so much from that.

00:59:24.620 --> 00:59:27.170
We're just at the
beginning of an explosion

00:59:27.170 --> 00:59:30.320
in medical knowledge from shared data.

00:59:30.320 --> 00:59:31.940
- Let's not waste time.

00:59:31.940 --> 00:59:35.360
Let's move this thing forward
as fast as we possibly can.

00:59:35.360 --> 00:59:37.580
So it's not just one disease
that we're trying to solve.

00:59:37.580 --> 00:59:39.424
We're trying to solve all of healthcare.

00:59:40.266 --> 00:59:42.400
- It's pretty clear that the 21st century

00:59:42.400 --> 00:59:47.392
is gonna be the century
where biology and IT,

00:59:47.392 --> 00:59:51.410
basically all the major
technologies begin to converge.

00:59:51.410 --> 00:59:54.020
We deliberately drive the
changes in the microbiome

00:59:54.020 --> 00:59:55.160
that you're looking for.

00:59:55.160 --> 00:59:58.640
I think that we will
have possibilities emerge

00:59:58.640 --> 01:00:00.050
that we can't even imagine.

01:00:00.050 --> 01:00:01.545
- ...universe of health.

01:00:01.545 --> 01:00:03.078
- I wish I could go back to medical school

01:00:03.078 --> 01:00:04.940
and kind of start over
because this is the time

01:00:04.940 --> 01:00:07.160
where it's really gonna
be rockin' and rolling

01:00:07.160 --> 01:00:09.293
for the future of medicine and healthcare.

01:00:10.700 --> 01:00:13.730
- I mean, I've seen this movie before.

01:00:13.730 --> 01:00:16.850
There is gonna be total
disruption of medicine

01:00:16.850 --> 01:00:19.550
and healthcare in the next 5 to 10 years.

01:00:19.550 --> 01:00:20.483
It's inevitable.

01:00:30.050 --> 01:00:31.730
- In the last couple of months,

01:00:31.730 --> 01:00:35.963
Elizabeth has had tremendous
regulation of her body.

01:00:37.550 --> 01:00:40.670
"Hi, you're outside."

01:00:40.670 --> 01:00:42.080
Yes!

01:00:42.080 --> 01:00:43.488
Yes, we are outside.

01:00:43.488 --> 01:00:45.029
It's been amazing.

01:00:45.029 --> 01:00:48.529
She has gone from a child
who had self-injury,

01:00:48.529 --> 01:00:52.433
to a child who's going to be
attending college this fall.

01:00:54.680 --> 01:00:57.350
She's gonna study social innovation

01:00:57.350 --> 01:01:01.880
because she wants to revolutionize
what autism education is,

01:01:01.880 --> 01:01:05.720
where kids are not expected
to have any capability,

01:01:05.720 --> 01:01:08.000
especially if they're nonverbal.

01:01:08.000 --> 01:01:10.790
And she wants us to know
that being nonverbal

01:01:10.790 --> 01:01:13.490
does not mean that you're not thinking.

01:01:13.490 --> 01:01:15.410
It just means there's a motor problem.

01:01:15.410 --> 01:01:17.510
You can't get the words out of your mouth.

01:01:21.678 --> 01:01:23.203
Alright, just a second.

01:01:24.350 --> 01:01:27.290
Dan is a student at Harvard.

01:01:27.290 --> 01:01:28.550
Okay, there we go.

01:01:28.550 --> 01:01:30.350
They are connecting.

01:01:30.350 --> 01:01:33.050
"Great to see you too.

01:01:33.050 --> 01:01:36.530
"I missed you yesterday."

01:01:36.530 --> 01:01:38.390
They understand each other.

01:01:38.390 --> 01:01:42.830
They talk about what it's
like to be in a silent cage.

01:01:42.830 --> 01:01:45.410
They type about how their brains work.

01:01:45.410 --> 01:01:49.220
They type about how they
wanna change autism education.

01:01:49.220 --> 01:01:51.586
Right here for you, Dan.

01:01:51.586 --> 01:01:53.944
She typed, "Education saved us."

01:01:55.640 --> 01:01:58.970
Winning for Elizabeth
is what I'm focused on

01:01:58.970 --> 01:02:00.860
right at this moment,

01:02:00.860 --> 01:02:05.123
but what she's focused on is
winning for all the children.

01:02:11.556 --> 01:02:14.522
[gentle music]
[water flowing]

01:02:21.230 --> 01:02:22.340
- So I'm feeling great.

01:02:22.340 --> 01:02:24.533
My health is actually extremely good.

01:02:25.700 --> 01:02:28.520
I got results from a colonoscopy

01:02:28.520 --> 01:02:31.460
where I was in really good condition,

01:02:31.460 --> 01:02:34.520
actually showed no signs of inflammation.

01:02:34.520 --> 01:02:37.340
So it was really exciting
'cause I got to live my life

01:02:37.340 --> 01:02:38.890
like a healthy person for once.

01:02:40.490 --> 01:02:43.490
- It's real relief to a
parent to see something

01:02:43.490 --> 01:02:46.340
that's devastating to turn
into something very positive.

01:02:46.340 --> 01:02:48.320
- It's been an amazing journey.

01:02:48.320 --> 01:02:50.870
I'm feeling really good now,
I feel positive.

01:02:50.870 --> 01:02:53.660
I feel like he's done so much,

01:02:53.660 --> 01:02:57.023
and I know patients can
do a lot themselves.

01:02:58.280 --> 01:02:59.480
- The community's talking

01:02:59.480 --> 01:03:01.820
and maybe they can
resolve their own issues

01:03:01.820 --> 01:03:03.420
by taking it in their own hands.

01:03:10.558 --> 01:03:13.183
[gentle music]
[indistinct chatter]

01:03:15.548 --> 01:03:17.148
- Then it's over here, I can...

01:03:21.632 --> 01:03:23.998
[elevator dings]
[music continues]

01:03:33.050 --> 01:03:35.390
- Coming from a place where we were told

01:03:35.390 --> 01:03:38.918
that he would not be able to do anything,

01:03:38.918 --> 01:03:40.460
coming from global aphasia--

01:03:40.460 --> 01:03:42.890
which is not being able to speak at all--

01:03:42.890 --> 01:03:44.723
to speaking three languages.

01:03:48.260 --> 01:03:52.670
From "he will never be
able to walk" to walking.

01:03:52.670 --> 01:03:55.027
How was your dance party, it was good?

01:03:55.027 --> 01:03:56.710
Wanna say hi to everyone, or?

01:03:56.710 --> 01:03:58.301
Yeah?

01:03:58.301 --> 01:04:00.650
We have a path, and
sometimes we have the energy,

01:04:00.650 --> 01:04:02.150
sometimes we don't.

01:04:02.150 --> 01:04:04.790
Sometimes we have the
right type of support,

01:04:04.790 --> 01:04:06.640
sometimes we don't.

01:04:08.006 --> 01:04:12.020
For me, what worked was to
wake up every single morning,

01:04:12.020 --> 01:04:16.130
thinking, today I'm
gonna do the best I can.

01:04:16.130 --> 01:04:16.963
This one?

01:04:16.963 --> 01:04:17.838
Thank you.

01:04:18.854 --> 01:04:20.086
Ah, look.

01:04:21.170 --> 01:04:22.220
Those are mine!

01:04:22.220 --> 01:04:24.110
Those are my cards.

01:04:24.110 --> 01:04:25.667
- No, it's my cards.

01:04:25.667 --> 01:04:27.334
- No, it's a game, and...

01:04:27.334 --> 01:04:31.035
- This is my cards.
This is my cards.

01:04:32.330 --> 01:04:33.863
- You will be told many times,

01:04:33.863 --> 01:04:35.960
"Why are you even doing this?"

01:04:35.960 --> 01:04:37.610
Just follow your gut feeling.

01:04:37.610 --> 01:04:39.470
If you feel you have to do it, do it.

01:04:39.470 --> 01:04:41.240
There's nobody to tell
you it's the right thing

01:04:41.240 --> 01:04:42.290
or the wrong thing to do.

01:04:42.290 --> 01:04:46.640
And there's nothing to measure
that, it can be anything.

01:04:46.640 --> 01:04:49.409
The best you can is what you can.

01:04:49.409 --> 01:04:51.680
Focus on what really matters

01:04:51.680 --> 01:04:55.220
and surround yourself with
people who really care.

01:04:56.379 --> 01:04:59.212
[all laughing]

01:05:02.439 --> 01:05:05.472
[gentle instrumental music]

01:05:24.787 --> 01:05:27.737
[music continues]

01:05:58.436 --> 01:06:01.077
[music continues]

01:06:34.464 --> 01:06:37.030
[music continues]

01:07:08.668 --> 01:07:10.851
[music continues]