A concise and fast-paced history of the volatile forces at work in Chile,…
Devils Don't Dream!
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September 1954. Before his journey into exile Jacobo Arbenz, the overthrown President of Guatemala, is presented to photographers stripped down to his underwear: an image seen around the world.
Arbenz had led the successful 1944 revolt against the military dictatorship, a regime that had oppressed Guatemala since colonialism. Arbenz, the son of Swiss immigrants, was celebrated as a national hero. Elected President in 1950, Arbenz was not a member of any party - he didn't issue any manifestos. But he began to fulfill his promises - farmers got their own land. 'The first act of justice since colonial times,' said Arbenz.
In the early 1950s, with the Cold War intensifying, then Vice President Richard Nixon said, 'Arbenz is not a Guatemalan President.' Nixon called him 'a foreigner, manipulated by foreign powers.' The young President of Guatemala was soon overthrown, declared a traitor, and chased out of the country.
The white hero, in whom the country had placed such high hopes, had been seduced; at least that was the official version. He had been betrayed by foreign powers, by Indians, by a woman. He was not a man, not a President. The religious discord was settled, the old power structures were reestablished, and civil war raged across the country for over 40 years.
'Required viewing for the young generation, and for the historical memory of Guatemala.' - Eduardo Antonio Velásquez Cerrera, Prensa Libre (Guatemala)
'Andreas Hoessli captures the essence of a country, Guatemala, that has had its heart torn asunder and its soul obliterated. He has related the story of a harrowing tragedy that is, at its core, about bananas, but whose consequences defy the imagination ... His sensitive portrait of the Guatemalan national reform leader, Jacobo Arbenz, is an extraordinary work of art. And yet, through the magic alchemy of film, he has turned one of the most tawdry and shameful episodes in American foreign policy into an extraordinary tribute to the endurance of Guatemala.' - Stephen Schlesinger, Director, World Policy Institute, and author of 'Bitter Fruit'
'Hoessli's film is a monument of analysis and includes a wealth of fascinating archive footage that pinpoints the time and the lessons of history. Riveting viewing.' -- Sheila Whitaker, London Film Festival
Citation
Main credits
Hoessli, Andreas (Director)
Hoessli, Andreas (Screenwriter)
Huser, Isabella (Producer)
Other credits
Camera, Matthias Kälin; editor, Fee Liechti.
Distributor subjects
Central America; Cold War Era; Guatemala; History (U.S.); History (World); Latin America; U.S. Foreign PolicyKeywords
WEBVTT
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[music]
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[music]
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The future of Guatemala lies at the disposal
of the Guatemalan people themselves.
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It lies also at the disposal
of leaders loyal to Guatemala
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who have not reasonably become
the agents of an alien despotism
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which sought to use Guatemala
for it’s own evil ends.
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The events of recent months and
days add a new and glorious chapter
00:01:20.000 --> 00:01:24.999
to the already great tradition
of the American States.
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The picture that went around the
world, president of Guatemala
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Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán
overthrown 27th of June 1954.
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The president is hounded out of the
country. He is ordered to undress
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in front of the cameras. It
is said that at the airport,
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Jacobo Árbenz didn’t speak a single word.
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One picture remains the only picture.
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They say the bands of mercenaries
stormed in the houses at night
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destroying books and pictures. In
Nauta, I found films of the time.
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The camera man have kept
them hidden for 40 years.
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I tried to imagine bon fires on the streets
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in front of the National Palace. Pictures,
photographs, films from Jacobo Arbenz’s time
00:02:20.000 --> 00:02:24.999
burning in the flames so no one
should ever see them again.
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The cameraman gave me his films. He
knew he had only a short time to live.
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[sil.]
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[sil.]
00:04:15.000 --> 00:04:19.999
[non-English narration]
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[sil.]
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[non-English narration]
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[music]
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[sil.]
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We wanted the history of you Jacobo Arbenz.
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They took us through rooms with festive decorations.
No one wants to be disturbed, it’s a holiday.
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A war started with Jacobo
Arbenz being overthrown.
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And no one wants to talk about this war.
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[non-English narration]
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[music]
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15th of September 1993, we are invited
to the president celebrations,
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celebrations for the 172
year of Independence.
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President says Jacobo Arbenz lost a war.
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Whoever loses a war will go under forever.
That is history.
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\"It is the victors who make
history,\" says the president.
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The victors have made Jacobo
Arbenz into a monster, devil.
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He’s out for a long time for seeing this.
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[sil.]
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It’s Independence Day.
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The most beautiful woman in the country is to be chosen.
For a year, she will travel through towns and countryside.
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She’s called queen of Independence.
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The name Jacobo Arbenz is not
taught in history, in the schools.
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For a long time, it was dangerous
to pronounce the name.
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[sil.]
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[sil.]
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In colonial times the conqueror
invoke the law of God.
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The sins of the heathen, sins against God and
nature, justify the conquest of the war.
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[sil.]
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Jacobo Arbenz, the revolt against
the generals back in 1944.
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The law as applied at the time, the land
owner has the right to kill a native
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who trespasses on his land.
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[music]
00:09:05.000 --> 00:09:09.999
The only man who is created in God’s image can be allotted
land and property, not the natives, not the heathens.
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That was settled by priests and wise men
in the early times of the conquest.
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[music]
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Jacobo Arbenz is 37 when he’s elected
president of Guatemala back in 1950.
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The only port
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for (inaudible) the railroad, the only road running
through the country all owned by the Banana Trust,
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the United Fruit Company.
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Arbenz belongs to no party. He
declared no manifesto to the people.
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[sil.]
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Jacobo Arbenz’s statement is simple.
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The whole wealth of the country is not worth as much as the life,
the happiness, the dignity of the most humble of its inhabitants.
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[sil.]
00:10:10.000 --> 00:10:14.999
When I was back in Washington involved
in Balkan(ph) affairs, Greece and…
00:10:15.000 --> 00:10:19.999
and Turkey, uh… I received a uh… call
00:10:20.000 --> 00:10:24.999
from the uh… chief of…
see… chief of my division,
00:10:25.000 --> 00:10:29.999
the Balkan(ph) division.
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They were there and uh… I don’t think anybody
else was in the room, but they said,
00:10:35.000 --> 00:10:39.999
\"Now before we tell you uh… what we have
in mind, you have to swear a special oath
00:10:40.000 --> 00:10:44.999
that you will say nothing about this to
anybody.\" And I said, \"Of course, you got it.\"
00:10:45.000 --> 00:10:49.999
Held up my hand I said,
\"I swear.\" So they said,
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\"The decision has been made at the
highest levels of our government
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to… rid Guatemala of the Arbenz’s regime
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and we would like you to participate in it.
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You will be chief of propaganda and
political action and it’s going to mean
00:11:10.000 --> 00:11:14.999
long periods of separation from your family, is this
agreeable to you.\" And I said, \"Sure, I’d be delighted to.\"
00:11:15.000 --> 00:11:19.999
I said, \"You know, I’ve been
trying to uh… evoke some interest
00:11:20.000 --> 00:11:24.999
uh… in Guatemala for a couple of years,\"
and I said, \"What is change now.\"
00:11:25.000 --> 00:11:33.000
[sil.]
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Three years, three months, three days.
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Jacobo Arbenz’s time before the war begins.
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[music]
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The war unmarked aircraft
dropping bombs in the night.
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An army of mercenary is
marching into the country.
00:12:05.000 --> 00:12:09.999
[sil.]
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I’m trying to imagine that day.
Friday the 25th of June 1954,
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two days before the overthrow. The United
Nations Security Council’s meeting,
00:12:20.000 --> 00:12:24.999
[sil.]
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A decision has to be taken on the
demand from the president of Guatemala.
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Jacobo Arbenz is calling on the world powers to
send observers to Guatemala to stop the war.
00:12:35.000 --> 00:12:39.999
In the National Archives, Washington D.C.,
00:12:40.000 --> 00:12:44.999
I found films of that day, pictures of a
state visit, outtakes pictures never shown.
00:12:45.000 --> 00:12:49.999
One can sense the war in these
pictures when I’m around.
00:12:50.000 --> 00:12:54.999
To my mother’s land,
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I have come with anxiety, eager,
to talk over a few family matters.
00:13:00.000 --> 00:13:04.999
And to try to make sure
00:13:05.000 --> 00:13:10.000
they are no misunderstandings.
00:13:15.000 --> 00:13:19.999
The English speaking
family, or brotherhood,
00:13:20.000 --> 00:13:24.999
is rather a large one. I’m not
in tally without a few things
00:13:25.000 --> 00:13:29.999
there in that. And if we work together,
00:13:30.000 --> 00:13:34.999
we may get along all right ourselves
00:13:35.000 --> 00:13:39.999
and do a lot to help our
neighbors in the world.
00:13:40.000 --> 00:13:44.999
Some of whom on both sides
of the iron curtain
00:13:45.000 --> 00:13:49.999
seem to face even greater
problems than we do ourselves.
00:13:50.000 --> 00:13:54.999
[sil.]
00:13:55.000 --> 00:13:59.999
What are these statesmen talking about?
00:14:00.000 --> 00:14:04.999
Today, we know notes in
the state department,
00:14:05.000 --> 00:14:09.999
threats are being uttered. If Great Britain insists on sending
observers to Guatemala, the state visit will end immediately.
00:14:10.000 --> 00:14:15.000
This war is America’s business.
00:14:55.000 --> 00:15:00.000
[non-English narration]
00:15:15.000 --> 00:15:19.999
[non-English narration]
00:15:20.000 --> 00:15:24.999
The photographers who were at the airport
say, \"They refused to take this picture.\"
00:15:25.000 --> 00:15:29.999
The pictures were destroyed
00:15:30.000 --> 00:15:34.999
as one picture has survived. No
one admits to having taken it.
00:15:35.000 --> 00:15:40.000
Friends who turned away from Jacobo
Arbenz, it created legends new pictures.
00:16:50.000 --> 00:16:54.999
[sil.]
00:16:55.000 --> 00:16:59.999
The man applauding is Arbenz’s
former friend, his companion,
00:17:00.000 --> 00:17:04.999
Arbenz’s last speech in the square
in front of the National Palace.
00:17:05.000 --> 00:17:09.999
The speech is recorded in
a Secret Service report.
00:17:10.000 --> 00:17:14.999
The conspiracies work at night. They
dream of overthrowing our government,
00:17:15.000 --> 00:17:19.999
the night bodes no good. They don’t
see what we are doing in our country,
00:17:20.000 --> 00:17:24.999
they don’t want to see it. What we are creating is a dream
which the people have been dreaming for a long time.
00:17:25.000 --> 00:17:29.999
[music]
00:17:30.000 --> 00:17:34.999
Pictures of broken faith deceit betrayal,
00:17:35.000 --> 00:17:39.999
legends which have become
the whole history.
00:17:40.000 --> 00:17:44.999
I traced friends of Jacobo Arbenz,
00:17:45.000 --> 00:17:49.999
arranged meetings once, twice, many times.
00:17:50.000 --> 00:17:54.999
They didn’t come. Today, they are
afraid of having been his friends.
00:17:55.000 --> 00:17:59.999
History is made by the
victors and the traitors.
00:18:00.000 --> 00:18:04.999
They can’t live with this memory. Is that
why these pictures had to be destroyed?
00:18:05.000 --> 00:18:13.000
[sil.]
00:18:20.000 --> 00:18:24.999
This was going to be a military crew
00:18:25.000 --> 00:18:29.999
which we organized, but we didn’t
want a certain figures in the cabinet
00:18:30.000 --> 00:18:34.999
like, the minister of interior and
so forth to take any… any measures.
00:18:35.000 --> 00:18:39.999
All they had to do when the day
came was do nothing, that’s all.
00:18:40.000 --> 00:18:44.999
It’s much easier to bribe a person
to do nothing. And then to say,
00:18:45.000 --> 00:18:49.999
if you do such and such and
put your life at risk,
00:18:50.000 --> 00:18:54.999
uh… then… then you’ll be earning your pay.
You see the difference?
00:18:55.000 --> 00:18:59.999
I mean, we couldn’t ask to
the minister the interior
00:19:00.000 --> 00:19:04.999
to turn his uh… agents
and troops against the…
00:19:05.000 --> 00:19:09.999
against the Arbenz’s government uh…
which would have been a positive act.
00:19:10.000 --> 00:19:14.999
But by saying do nothing, don’t
resist the incoming forces,
00:19:15.000 --> 00:19:19.999
that’s much easier and
that was accomplished.
00:19:20.000 --> 00:19:28.000
[sil.]
00:19:45.000 --> 00:19:53.000
[non-English narration]
00:20:30.000 --> 00:20:35.000
[non-English narration]
00:20:45.000 --> 00:20:49.999
[sil.]
00:20:50.000 --> 00:20:54.999
Few of Jacobo Arbenz’s friends remained in
the country. They had to renounce publicly
00:20:55.000 --> 00:20:59.999
the ideas that they used, their friendship with
Jacobo Arbenz. Many who did not disappeared,
00:21:00.000 --> 00:21:04.999
it is said that they were thrown out of
planes into the craters of volcanoes.
00:21:05.000 --> 00:21:09.999
[music]
00:21:10.000 --> 00:21:14.999
\"This war is an eternal war,\"
00:21:15.000 --> 00:21:19.999
say the commanders of the armed forces.
The enemy has never vanquished.
00:21:20.000 --> 00:21:24.999
Foreign ideas which enter the
country with Jacobo Arbenz.
00:21:25.000 --> 00:21:33.000
[sil.]
00:21:35.000 --> 00:21:39.999
Pictures probably taken in 1935,
00:21:40.000 --> 00:21:44.999
Jacobo Arbenz is a cadet at the
military academy, 22 years old.
00:21:45.000 --> 00:21:49.999
Early pictures which the
cameraman kept hidden.
00:21:50.000 --> 00:21:58.000
[sil.]
00:22:15.000 --> 00:22:20.000
[non-English narration]
00:22:50.000 --> 00:22:54.999
[music]
00:22:55.000 --> 00:22:59.999
Jacobo Arbenz, the Swiss,
son of an immigrant,
00:23:00.000 --> 00:23:04.999
María Villanova the woman from Salvador
went with her mother to the annual fare.
00:23:05.000 --> 00:23:09.999
A fare on the birthday of the
president, the dictator, General Ubico.
00:23:10.000 --> 00:23:14.999
[sil.]
00:23:15.000 --> 00:23:19.999
The President General Ubico is always accompanied
with that cameraman on his birthday.
00:23:20.000 --> 00:23:24.999
The dictator’s birthday
is the national holiday.
00:23:25.000 --> 00:23:29.999
[sil.]
00:23:30.000 --> 00:23:34.999
The year 1935,
00:23:35.000 --> 00:23:39.999
Jacobo Arbenz and María Villanova met
on the day these pictures were taken.
00:23:40.000 --> 00:23:45.000
[sil.]
00:24:00.000 --> 00:24:04.999
Jacobo Arbenz, María
Villanova, the first meeting.
00:24:05.000 --> 00:24:09.999
I imagine, a secret between
the quest together,
00:24:10.000 --> 00:24:15.000
a different future.
00:24:20.000 --> 00:24:24.999
The president General Ubico forbids
the use of the word obrero, worker.
00:24:25.000 --> 00:24:29.999
Worker is a communist word, a
dangerous word says the dictator.
00:24:30.000 --> 00:24:34.999
The dictator demands the
presence of military cadets
00:24:35.000 --> 00:24:39.999
when executions are ordered.
00:24:40.000 --> 00:24:44.999
Jacobo Arbenz a cadet of
the military academy.
00:24:45.000 --> 00:24:49.999
[music]
00:24:50.000 --> 00:24:54.999
[sil.]
00:24:55.000 --> 00:24:59.999
Arbenz didn’t often speak
about his youth so far yet.
00:25:00.000 --> 00:25:04.999
Long journeys, great hopes,
00:25:05.000 --> 00:25:09.999
the father, the immigrant who failed
00:25:10.000 --> 00:25:14.999
losing wealth and respect. A
mother of Spanish origin, teacher
00:25:15.000 --> 00:25:19.999
who kept the family with medium.
00:25:20.000 --> 00:25:24.999
It was loneliness that Jacobo Arbenz
talked about when he spoke of his youth.
00:25:25.000 --> 00:25:29.999
[sil.]
00:25:30.000 --> 00:25:34.999
In the end his father lives as an administrator
in a coffee estate in the mountains.
00:25:35.000 --> 00:25:39.999
Jacobo Arbenz visits him when he’s
off duty from the military academy.
00:25:40.000 --> 00:25:48.000
[sil.]
00:26:40.000 --> 00:26:45.000
[non-English narration]
00:26:50.000 --> 00:26:55.000
[non-English narration]
00:27:15.000 --> 00:27:23.000
[sil.]
00:27:30.000 --> 00:27:34.999
In the mountains during visits to his father, Jacobo
Arbenz forms his impressions of the other life,
00:27:35.000 --> 00:27:39.999
the life of the Indians,
natives as the land
00:27:40.000 --> 00:27:44.999
owners call them. The immigrants would
achieve wealth and respect in the country.
00:27:45.000 --> 00:27:49.999
The estates here, the
fincas are called Suiza,
00:27:50.000 --> 00:27:55.000
or Helvetia, or Palestina.
00:28:00.000 --> 00:28:04.999
The father, the immigrant who remained a foreigner,
at the end he lives alone among the Indians.
00:28:05.000 --> 00:28:13.000
Few of them know the language of
the white men, the conquerors.
00:29:20.000 --> 00:29:28.000
[sil.]
00:29:40.000 --> 00:29:44.999
Have the natives, the Indians got a soul?
Do they have the power of wheezing(ph)?
00:29:45.000 --> 00:29:49.999
Priests and wise men argued about
that in the early days of the colony.
00:29:50.000 --> 00:29:54.999
Yes, the wise men said the
Indians do have a soul.
00:29:55.000 --> 00:29:59.999
Therefore they bound to have dealings with the Christians, bound
to labour on these states of the whitemen, the conquerors.
00:30:00.000 --> 00:30:04.999
[sil.]
00:30:05.000 --> 00:30:09.999
A law which still held in the time
of the dictator, general Ubico,
00:30:10.000 --> 00:30:14.999
the law which commits the conquerors to
instruct the natives in the Christian faith.
00:30:15.000 --> 00:30:23.000
[non-English narration]
00:30:35.000 --> 00:30:43.000
[music]
00:32:05.000 --> 00:32:09.999
[music]
00:32:10.000 --> 00:32:14.999
The wedding, now a society affair.
00:32:15.000 --> 00:32:19.999
A simple statement, Jacobo
Arbenz, María Villanova
00:32:20.000 --> 00:32:24.999
have the honor to announce that
their marriage is taken place.
00:32:25.000 --> 00:32:29.999
No one suspected them that
the first days of freedom
00:32:30.000 --> 00:32:34.999
was so close. Jacobo
Arbenz, the young officer
00:32:35.000 --> 00:32:39.999
would lead the rebellion
against the dictatorship.
00:32:40.000 --> 00:32:44.999
The dictator General Ubico,
pictures of a last journey.
00:32:45.000 --> 00:32:49.999
[sil.]
00:32:50.000 --> 00:32:54.999
Arbenz told her, \"He had to guard the
dictator’s prisoners,\" says María.
00:32:55.000 --> 00:32:59.999
Indians, prisoners who had been conscripted
from the villages for forced labor.
00:33:00.000 --> 00:33:08.000
[sil.]
00:34:05.000 --> 00:34:09.999
The rebels are on the wanted list.
00:34:10.000 --> 00:34:14.999
The execution squads are ready.
00:34:15.000 --> 00:34:19.999
Jacobo Arbenz, his friends organized
the uprising from the underground.
00:34:20.000 --> 00:34:24.999
The date is set, 20th of October 1944,
00:34:25.000 --> 00:34:29.999
two days and nights of street fighting.
00:34:30.000 --> 00:34:34.999
[sil.]
00:34:35.000 --> 00:34:39.999
The dictators should go down
in history as an inventor,
00:34:40.000 --> 00:34:44.999
the inventor of the banana company. The
wealth of the country, the greatest estates,
00:34:45.000 --> 00:34:49.999
the port, the electricity, the railway which the
dictator had put into the hands of the banana company.
00:34:50.000 --> 00:34:54.999
[sil.]
00:34:55.000 --> 00:34:59.999
Today’s nights
00:35:00.000 --> 00:35:04.999
which have become history.
Jacobo Arbenz leads the revolt.
00:35:05.000 --> 00:35:09.999
The old dictator and his
generals resign going to exile.
00:35:10.000 --> 00:35:14.999
The first free elections
in the country’s history,
00:35:15.000 --> 00:35:19.999
the year 1950.
00:35:20.000 --> 00:35:24.999
Five years since the first days of freedom.
00:35:25.000 --> 00:35:29.999
Jacobo Arbenz, candidate
for the presidency,
00:35:30.000 --> 00:35:34.999
the candidate of the young, the
peasants, the teachers, the students.
00:35:35.000 --> 00:35:39.999
Jacobo Arbenz is elected as
president, the year 1950.
00:35:40.000 --> 00:35:48.000
[sil.]
00:35:55.000 --> 00:35:59.999
1993, independence day,
00:36:00.000 --> 00:36:04.999
something happens that has
never happened before.
00:36:05.000 --> 00:36:09.999
In the march-past of workers, schoolchildren and
soldiers, people appear demanding the truth.
00:36:10.000 --> 00:36:14.999
Truth about history,
00:36:15.000 --> 00:36:19.999
about the fate of the missing then.
00:36:20.000 --> 00:36:24.999
Truth about the history of the war,
00:36:25.000 --> 00:36:29.999
which started with the war
against Jacobo Arbenz.
00:36:30.000 --> 00:36:34.999
[sil.]
00:36:35.000 --> 00:36:39.999
I wonder, who gives the orders,
00:36:40.000 --> 00:36:44.999
orders to the death squads, orders
to torture, to bomb the villages
00:36:45.000 --> 00:36:49.999
today in 1993?
00:36:50.000 --> 00:36:54.999
[sil.]
00:36:55.000 --> 00:36:59.999
What are they celebrating, the presidents, the
ministers, the generals? Independence Day,
00:37:00.000 --> 00:37:04.999
liberation from a colonial
power, the 172nd year,
00:37:05.000 --> 00:37:09.999
the real history, the
liberation, Simon Bolivar,
00:37:10.000 --> 00:37:14.999
San Martin who lead America, South America to
Independence. Arbenz had studied their history.
00:37:15.000 --> 00:37:19.999
[sil.]
00:37:20.000 --> 00:37:25.000
Is history made by the victors
as the President says?
00:38:10.000 --> 00:38:14.999
[sil.]
00:38:15.000 --> 00:38:19.999
They say, San Martin was a modest
man who did not want to be hero.
00:38:20.000 --> 00:38:24.999
At the victory celebrations
00:38:25.000 --> 00:38:29.999
on the historic day of Independence,
he said, \"I’m tired of giving orders.\"
00:38:30.000 --> 00:38:34.999
He went away back to the old world.
He died a lonely death.
00:38:35.000 --> 00:38:43.000
[sil.]
00:38:50.000 --> 00:38:54.999
\"Arbenz researched the history
of the country,\" says María.
00:38:55.000 --> 00:38:59.999
Again and again he designed the future.
The wealth of the country,
00:39:00.000 --> 00:39:04.999
the statistics which have
been studied in detail.
00:39:05.000 --> 00:39:09.999
Roads which should belong to the country,
the port, the electricity, the land,
00:39:10.000 --> 00:39:14.999
land reform, the distribution of land.
00:39:15.000 --> 00:39:19.999
The first act of justice since the
conquest Jacobo Arbenz set at the time.
00:39:20.000 --> 00:39:24.999
[sil.]
00:39:25.000 --> 00:39:29.999
The main element was to… direct
to the people’s attention
00:39:30.000 --> 00:39:34.999
to the fact that non-Guatemalan things
00:39:35.000 --> 00:39:39.999
were happening in their country.
That is to say that,
00:39:40.000 --> 00:39:44.999
expropriation were happening
that the railway service was…
00:39:45.000 --> 00:39:49.999
had been taken over by
the Arbenz’s government,
00:39:50.000 --> 00:39:54.999
things of that nature. That these are all things
that were foreign directed and foreign influenced
00:39:55.000 --> 00:39:59.999
that they were not home grown, that
there was no spontaneous desire
00:40:00.000 --> 00:40:04.999
to expropriate, but add
on coffee plantations.
00:40:05.000 --> 00:40:09.999
Is this was something that somebody else
had decided halfway around the world
00:40:10.000 --> 00:40:14.999
and they could believe this because
it was… not only was it true
00:40:15.000 --> 00:40:19.999
and it’s always best when you’re dealing
with truth when you’re propagandizing.
00:40:20.000 --> 00:40:24.999
But, all they had to do was look around and realize
that none of these things had ever happened before.
00:40:25.000 --> 00:40:33.000
[sil.]
00:40:35.000 --> 00:40:39.999
What is a Just War?
00:40:40.000 --> 00:40:44.999
War is just a native reject the Christian message.
If they fail to attend their higher inspiration
00:40:45.000 --> 00:40:49.999
which leads them to divine teachings,
00:40:50.000 --> 00:40:54.999
that is what the priests and wise men
found in the early days of the colony.
00:40:55.000 --> 00:40:59.999
What they found was set
down in laws and degrees.
00:41:00.000 --> 00:41:04.999
The conquerors are obliged to read the laws
00:41:05.000 --> 00:41:09.999
and decrees to the natives in their own
language before proceeding to conquer some war.
00:41:10.000 --> 00:41:15.000
[non-English narration]
00:41:20.000 --> 00:41:28.000
[non-English narration]
00:41:45.000 --> 00:41:53.000
[non-English narration]
00:41:55.000 --> 00:41:59.999
[sil.]
00:42:00.000 --> 00:42:04.999
Jacobo Arbenz, the president
who becomes a land owner,
00:42:05.000 --> 00:42:09.999
his estate El Chelón. He buys land
00:42:10.000 --> 00:42:14.999
to make experiments.
00:42:15.000 --> 00:42:19.999
[sil.]
00:42:20.000 --> 00:42:24.999
The wealth of the country, an
experiment, new crops, new methods,
00:42:25.000 --> 00:42:29.999
school, land for the peasants.
00:42:30.000 --> 00:42:35.000
History, memories which break off suddenly.
00:42:55.000 --> 00:43:00.000
[non-English narration]
00:43:25.000 --> 00:43:30.000
[non-English narration]
00:43:40.000 --> 00:43:48.000
[sil.]
00:45:00.000 --> 00:45:04.999
Jacobo Arbenz, the white
man, the attractive,
00:45:05.000 --> 00:45:09.999
the manly, the mighty. He let himself be
tempted, he betrayed himself as a man
00:45:10.000 --> 00:45:18.000
which is said later.
00:46:05.000 --> 00:46:10.000
[non-English narration]
00:46:35.000 --> 00:46:43.000
[sil.]
00:46:55.000 --> 00:47:03.000
[music]
00:47:05.000 --> 00:47:09.999
If the woman who is guilty, the man cannot
summon the strength to resist temptation.
00:47:10.000 --> 00:47:14.999
[music]
00:47:15.000 --> 00:47:19.999
Well, it is not believing a man’s
right and duty to rule will lose.
00:47:20.000 --> 00:47:24.999
Whoever denies the rules
of maleness will go under.
00:47:25.000 --> 00:47:29.999
An eternal war, victory is never final.
00:47:30.000 --> 00:47:34.999
Power, man’s power is a power of conquest.
00:47:35.000 --> 00:47:39.999
Arbenz uh… was a uh… a shallow,
00:47:40.000 --> 00:47:44.999
very pliable figure
00:47:45.000 --> 00:47:49.999
who I don’t think had any particular
political philosophy of his own
00:47:50.000 --> 00:47:54.999
until he was forced to accept one by
his wife who was a communist activist.
00:47:55.000 --> 00:47:59.999
Uh… She if…
00:48:00.000 --> 00:48:04.999
to put her in Cold War terms, she
was the admirable adversary.
00:48:05.000 --> 00:48:09.999
Uh… Because she was doing a job
for the Communist International
00:48:10.000 --> 00:48:14.999
and she was doing it very well.
And he was simply a figurehead,
00:48:15.000 --> 00:48:19.999
he was the mask that covered her face.
00:48:20.000 --> 00:48:24.999
[non-English narration]
00:48:25.000 --> 00:48:29.999
Images, men and women,
00:48:30.000 --> 00:48:34.999
the idea of domination. The
man who became a stranger
00:48:35.000 --> 00:48:39.999
in his own world, a man, a women
who threatened to sacred order,
00:48:40.000 --> 00:48:44.999
the whole story.
00:48:45.000 --> 00:48:49.999
Pictures which disappeared a whole story,
00:48:50.000 --> 00:48:54.999
temptation, seduction, a man who gave way.
00:48:55.000 --> 00:48:59.999
[sil.]
00:49:00.000 --> 00:49:05.000
A whole history made by the victors.
00:50:00.000 --> 00:50:08.000
[sil.]
00:50:35.000 --> 00:50:39.999
At that time they would say,
00:50:40.000 --> 00:50:44.999
the natives, the Indians are innocent
because they are like children.
00:50:45.000 --> 00:50:49.999
But whoever stirs up their greed, their passions
will unleash a war throughout the country.
00:50:50.000 --> 00:50:58.000
[sil.]
00:51:05.000 --> 00:51:09.999
Jacobo Arbenz the white man, the manly,
00:51:10.000 --> 00:51:15.000
the mighty, no one expected
him to do what he promised.
00:51:20.000 --> 00:51:24.999
His promise, land for the peasants,
he says there isn’t much time left.
00:51:25.000 --> 00:51:29.999
He knows the conspirators already.
He wants to create facts,
00:51:30.000 --> 00:51:34.999
the first act of justice.
00:51:35.000 --> 00:51:43.000
[music]
00:51:55.000 --> 00:51:59.999
22nd of June 1952,
00:52:00.000 --> 00:52:04.999
dangerous pictures. Parliament
has approved law number 900,
00:52:05.000 --> 00:52:09.999
the president’s law, Jacobo
Arbenz’s law, land reform,
00:52:10.000 --> 00:52:14.999
the distribution of land. The
president, his signature,
00:52:15.000 --> 00:52:19.999
the law comes into force.
00:52:20.000 --> 00:52:24.999
[sil.]
00:52:25.000 --> 00:52:29.999
Dangerous pictures,
00:52:30.000 --> 00:52:34.999
pictures of a dream world. The
first land, a whole story.
00:52:35.000 --> 00:52:43.000
[sil.]
00:52:45.000 --> 00:52:49.999
Jacobo Arbenz know’s that he’s made powerful
enemies. The plan for the overthrow in Guatemala
00:52:50.000 --> 00:52:54.999
is being decided.
00:52:55.000 --> 00:53:03.000
[sil.]
00:53:05.000 --> 00:53:09.999
Of course, we had a
00:53:10.000 --> 00:53:14.999
uh… a problem to resolve which
was after Arbenz’s squad.
00:53:15.000 --> 00:53:19.999
And… depending on
00:53:20.000 --> 00:53:24.999
uh… the… political orientation
of these Guatemalans
00:53:25.000 --> 00:53:29.999
who we have brought in,
00:53:30.000 --> 00:53:34.999
uh… a list of candidates was prepared
and the man who most appeals to me,
00:53:35.000 --> 00:53:39.999
I wish I could remember his name, he was a
former Supreme Court judge in Guatemala.
00:53:40.000 --> 00:53:44.999
I can’t think of his name. Corta Viserna, Corta
Viserna. Corta Viserna… Quien Corta Viserna(ph), yes.
00:53:45.000 --> 00:53:49.999
Just a splendid individual and I in effect
00:53:50.000 --> 00:53:54.999
nominated him to Washington and uh…
everybody said, \"That’s a fine idea.
00:53:55.000 --> 00:53:59.999
Now, go talk with him.\" So I… he was
in the area here and I called on him.
00:54:00.000 --> 00:54:04.999
Spoke at length with Corta Viserna,
00:54:05.000 --> 00:54:09.999
and only to find out that he
was going to have to go to
00:54:10.000 --> 00:54:14.999
the Cancer Institute in Louisiana and New
Orleans and he had cancer of the throat
00:54:15.000 --> 00:54:19.999
and I believe he died there.
So, the next in line
00:54:20.000 --> 00:54:24.999
was Colonel Castillo Armas
00:54:25.000 --> 00:54:29.999
who… was an ideal choice as it turned out
00:54:30.000 --> 00:54:34.999
because he was a little Indian and
he had those great Indian features
00:54:35.000 --> 00:54:39.999
the high cheekbones and partly
slanted eyes and he was a…
00:54:40.000 --> 00:54:44.999
a man of the people.
00:54:45.000 --> 00:54:49.999
You are excellent Mr. Nixon, we
are very pleasured to have you
00:54:50.000 --> 00:54:54.999
as the guest on (inaudible)
to register a poling
00:54:55.000 --> 00:55:00.000
of Central America and the Caribbean.
00:55:05.000 --> 00:55:09.999
I will try to speak you in
English which is not my language
00:55:10.000 --> 00:55:14.999
because I want to take advantage of your
presence at the exposition of third propaganda
00:55:15.000 --> 00:55:19.999
to say a few words out of the influence
of international communist in my country.
00:55:20.000 --> 00:55:24.999
I speak not
00:55:25.000 --> 00:55:29.999
as the chief of the state but as a
soldier in the war against the commande.
00:55:30.000 --> 00:55:34.999
This is the first time in
the history of the world
00:55:35.000 --> 00:55:39.999
that the communist government has
been overthrown by the people
00:55:40.000 --> 00:55:44.999
and for that we congratulate you and the people
of Guatemala for the support they have given.
00:55:45.000 --> 00:55:49.999
And we are sure that under your leadership supported
by the people whom I have met by the hundreds
00:55:50.000 --> 00:55:54.999
on my visit to Guatemala that
Guatemala is going to enter a new era
00:55:55.000 --> 00:55:59.999
in which there will be
prosperity for the people
00:56:00.000 --> 00:56:04.999
together with liberty for the people.
Thank you very much
00:56:05.000 --> 00:56:09.999
for allowing us to see this exhibit of
communism in Guatemala. You are welcome.
00:56:10.000 --> 00:56:14.999
I just wanna reckon to stop doing
00:56:15.000 --> 00:56:19.999
all these brutal thing.
00:56:20.000 --> 00:56:24.999
This is a fortunate diary, personal dairy,
that he always carried in his pocket.
00:56:25.000 --> 00:56:29.999
Oh, I see this is a personal diary.
Personal diary.
00:56:30.000 --> 00:56:35.000
I see… And personal notes. And personal notes. (inaudible).
He always carried this little book at any spot.
00:57:40.000 --> 00:57:44.999
[sil.]
00:57:45.000 --> 00:57:49.999
The victory makes (inaudible)
of the President Jacobo Arbenz,
00:57:50.000 --> 00:57:54.999
the conquest of towns and countryside is
soon accomplished. Now, there is uncertainty
00:57:55.000 --> 00:57:59.999
among the victors whether the conquest of the
hearts and minds of the people has been achieved.
00:58:00.000 --> 00:58:08.000
[music]
00:58:50.000 --> 00:58:54.999
We know that where some people
during the Arbenz regime
00:58:55.000 --> 00:58:59.999
that said that there was a question is to
whether it was truly a communist regime
00:59:00.000 --> 00:59:04.999
and is to whether it was controlled by
Maska(ph)? Uh… We have here the proof
00:59:05.000 --> 00:59:09.999
that there is no question whatever.
(inaudible).
00:59:10.000 --> 00:59:14.999
Russia controls all the communists here in
Guatemala sir. In other words the Arbenz regime
00:59:15.000 --> 00:59:19.999
uh… was not a Guatemalan government, uh… it was
a foreign government controlled by foreigner.
00:59:20.000 --> 00:59:24.999
(inaudible). And that happened
just here in the continent.
00:59:25.000 --> 00:59:29.999
Right here in America.
Yes, here in America.
00:59:30.000 --> 00:59:34.999
The saint called Maximón has many good
00:59:35.000 --> 00:59:39.999
and many bad characteristics. He
drinks and smokes almost continually.
00:59:40.000 --> 00:59:44.999
[non-English narration]
00:59:45.000 --> 00:59:49.999
The escribans(ph) scribe in priest
pleads for the success of our film
00:59:50.000 --> 00:59:54.999
and for the success of
the coming festivities.
00:59:55.000 --> 00:59:59.999
[non-English narration]
01:00:00.000 --> 01:00:04.999
Everyone can come to ask for intercession
01:00:05.000 --> 01:00:09.999
and only the escribans(ph)
understands the language of Maximón.
01:00:10.000 --> 01:00:18.000
[non-English narration]
01:00:20.000 --> 01:00:24.999
Maximón can help to avoid misfortune better than any
other saint because he knows evil person at first hand.
01:00:25.000 --> 01:00:29.999
Some times he is a thief, a
murderer, a whore, an adulator.
01:00:30.000 --> 01:00:34.999
Anthropologists say he is also Judas,
01:00:35.000 --> 01:00:39.999
the traitor who denounced Jesus.
01:00:40.000 --> 01:00:44.999
[non-English narration]
01:00:45.000 --> 01:00:49.999
And in Jacobo Arbenz’s
time, the bishops drove
01:00:50.000 --> 01:00:54.999
St. Maximón out of the churches. Now
Maximón changes his residence every year.
01:00:55.000 --> 01:00:59.999
The elders of the church who decided that
only a pure belief can over come evil.
01:01:00.000 --> 01:01:04.999
[non-English narration]
01:01:05.000 --> 01:01:09.999
[sil.]
01:01:10.000 --> 01:01:14.999
The only film of Jacobo Arbenz we could find in
any of the great archives, national archives,
01:01:15.000 --> 01:01:19.999
Washington DC June 1954,
01:01:20.000 --> 01:01:24.999
seven days before the overthrow.
01:01:25.000 --> 01:01:29.999
Efeji of red president
01:01:30.000 --> 01:01:34.999
says the card entry(ph). The name Jacobo
Arbenz does not appear in the index.
01:01:35.000 --> 01:01:43.000
[sil.]
01:01:50.000 --> 01:01:54.999
Why didn’t Jacobo Arbenz
01:01:55.000 --> 01:01:59.999
leave any records behind records behind? No
diary, not a single sheet with personal notes.
01:02:00.000 --> 01:02:04.999
[sil.]
01:02:05.000 --> 01:02:09.999
A man was followed by a
curse his whole life long.
01:02:10.000 --> 01:02:14.999
The victor’s curse, the
picture the lasts forever,
01:02:15.000 --> 01:02:20.000
the man, the woman serving a
foreign idea, a foreign power.
01:03:05.000 --> 01:03:10.000
[non-English narration]
01:03:50.000 --> 01:03:54.999
[non-English narration]
01:03:55.000 --> 01:03:59.999
The skiing holiday, the year 1955.
01:04:00.000 --> 01:04:04.999
Switzerland, the land of his forbids,
orders from the Swiss government,
01:04:05.000 --> 01:04:09.999
the former president must refrain
from making any public statement.
01:04:10.000 --> 01:04:14.999
Now, it’s in the records, fears that they
will be acclaimed for Swiss nationality.
01:04:15.000 --> 01:04:19.999
Only an application to extend the rights
of stay has received. It is refused,
01:04:20.000 --> 01:04:28.000
the order to leave the country
before the deadline is passed.
01:04:35.000 --> 01:04:39.999
Arabella Árbenz, the daughter who
became an actress in Paris and Mexico.
01:04:40.000 --> 01:04:44.999
The headlines in Europe, in America,
Arabella Árbenz was broken away
01:04:45.000 --> 01:04:49.999
from her father, the dictator.
01:04:50.000 --> 01:04:55.000
[non-English narration]
01:05:20.000 --> 01:05:25.000
[non-English narration]
01:05:30.000 --> 01:05:35.000
[non-English narration]
01:06:05.000 --> 01:06:09.999
[sil.]
01:06:10.000 --> 01:06:14.999
A modesty which begins with the overthrown,
01:06:15.000 --> 01:06:19.999
the search for the country of the exile.
No country with Jacobo Arbenz may live.
01:06:20.000 --> 01:06:24.999
A modesty which lasts a life time,
01:06:25.000 --> 01:06:29.999
Mexico, Paris, Switzerland, Czech
of Slovakia, Soviet Union, China,
01:06:30.000 --> 01:06:34.999
France, Uruguay, Cuba, Paris, Switzerland,
01:06:35.000 --> 01:06:39.999
Mexico. Their headlines,
01:06:40.000 --> 01:06:44.999
Jacobo Arbenz who failed as
president, as husband, as father.
01:06:45.000 --> 01:06:49.999
Arabella Arbenz, the daughter, she
kills herself with a pistol in exile.
01:06:50.000 --> 01:06:54.999
Alma Pura, a pure soul,
01:06:55.000 --> 01:06:59.999
Arabella Arbenz’s last film
01:07:00.000 --> 01:07:04.999
out takes Mexico, New York, 1965.
01:07:05.000 --> 01:07:09.999
[sil.]
01:07:10.000 --> 01:07:14.999
The story of an experiment, another life, a life of love
of truthfulness, a life without the lies of the old world.
01:07:15.000 --> 01:07:19.999
[sil.]
01:07:20.000 --> 01:07:24.999
The story with no happy ending, the
loved one who goes to her death,
01:07:25.000 --> 01:07:29.999
she takes poison, goes to the cinema,
death in front of the screen.
01:07:30.000 --> 01:07:34.999
[sil.]
01:07:35.000 --> 01:07:43.000
[non-English narration]
01:07:45.000 --> 01:07:53.000
[music]
01:08:10.000 --> 01:08:14.999
Most of the labor is on El Cajón, Jacobo
Arbenz’s estate fled after the overthrow.
01:08:15.000 --> 01:08:19.999
The residence, the estate, the whole property of
the former president is still confiscated today.
01:08:20.000 --> 01:08:24.999
Peasants who have come back
01:08:25.000 --> 01:08:29.999
to the wilderness that was the estate
El Cajón, they use a whole story
01:08:30.000 --> 01:08:38.000
which moved them to come back.
01:08:55.000 --> 01:09:00.000
[non-English narration]
01:09:25.000 --> 01:09:29.999
[non-English narration]
01:09:30.000 --> 01:09:34.999
At that time, the priests came to the villages to
tell the peasants, the president Jacobo Arbenz
01:09:35.000 --> 01:09:39.999
would desecrate your cemeteries. He will
give away the land when your dead or buried.
01:09:40.000 --> 01:09:44.999
[sil.]
01:09:45.000 --> 01:09:49.999
The new life, the plans for
the future, for the country,
01:09:50.000 --> 01:09:54.999
Jacobo Arbenz tried them out first on
his own estate. Land for the peasants,
01:09:55.000 --> 01:09:59.999
the first act of justice.
01:10:00.000 --> 01:10:08.000
[non-English narration]
01:10:10.000 --> 01:10:14.999
[sil.]
01:10:15.000 --> 01:10:19.999
Tierra, the land, a short film which Jacobo
Arbenz used to bring his ideas to the villagers.
01:10:20.000 --> 01:10:24.999
[sil.]
01:10:25.000 --> 01:10:29.999
A brief love story. If someone wants to
find a wife, set up a family he needs land.
01:10:30.000 --> 01:10:38.000
[sil.]
01:10:40.000 --> 01:10:44.999
The son who comes home with a
good news, land for the peasants,
01:10:45.000 --> 01:10:49.999
the father who doesn’t believe it.
01:10:50.000 --> 01:10:54.999
Life has taught me another lesson
says the father in the film,
01:10:55.000 --> 01:10:59.999
they always come with guns and
machetes to drive us off the land.
01:11:00.000 --> 01:11:05.000
They’ve never given,
they only take from us.
01:11:20.000 --> 01:11:25.000
[sil.]
01:12:05.000 --> 01:12:13.000
[non-English narration]
01:12:20.000 --> 01:12:24.999
A happy ending in the president’s film.
01:12:25.000 --> 01:12:29.999
The son who says, \"They have started distributing
the land, I have seen it with my own eyes.\"
01:12:30.000 --> 01:12:34.999
A dream coming true for the first time.
01:12:35.000 --> 01:12:43.000
[sil.]
01:12:50.000 --> 01:12:54.999
After the overthrow, children
were told by their parents,
01:12:55.000 --> 01:12:59.999
\"It’s dangerous to speak
the name Jacobo Arbenz.\"
01:13:00.000 --> 01:13:04.999
No one counted the dead,
01:13:05.000 --> 01:13:09.999
the peasants who had to die on the first
land they received then from the president.
01:13:10.000 --> 01:13:14.999
The other life, a brief time
of hope in a whole life time.
01:13:15.000 --> 01:13:19.999
[non-English narration]
01:13:20.000 --> 01:13:24.999
[sil.]
01:13:25.000 --> 01:13:30.000
[non-English narration]
01:13:35.000 --> 01:13:40.000
[sil.]
01:13:45.000 --> 01:13:50.000
[sil.]
01:14:00.000 --> 01:14:08.000
[sil.]
01:14:25.000 --> 01:14:29.999
Death is cruel if it knows no name,
01:14:30.000 --> 01:14:34.999
if no memories are kindled,
memories of a special life
01:14:35.000 --> 01:14:39.999
rising above the ordinary
course of history.
01:14:40.000 --> 01:14:44.999
[sil.]
01:14:45.000 --> 01:14:49.999
Nameless dead every day brings new dead,
01:14:50.000 --> 01:14:54.999
abducted, cut down, shot.
01:14:55.000 --> 01:14:59.999
X… X, two Xs on the death certificate.
The sex, the approximate age,
01:15:00.000 --> 01:15:04.999
the size, man about 20, 1 meter 80, shot.
01:15:05.000 --> 01:15:13.000
[sil.]
01:15:25.000 --> 01:15:29.999
A war, an eternal war, how
many have learned to kill?
01:15:30.000 --> 01:15:35.000
[sil.]
01:17:10.000 --> 01:17:15.000
[non-English narration]
01:17:30.000 --> 01:17:38.000
[sil.]
01:19:00.000 --> 01:19:04.999
The end of a state visit, the
United Nations have decided
01:19:05.000 --> 01:19:09.999
Jacobo Arbenz’s demand to send of service to end
the war in Guatemala will not be considered.
01:19:10.000 --> 01:19:14.999
Unity among world powers is re-establised.
01:19:15.000 --> 01:19:19.999
Mr. Prime Minister, I’m sure that you
know that if you leave our country
01:19:20.000 --> 01:19:24.999
that you take with you the very
best wishes of the American people.
01:19:25.000 --> 01:19:29.999
You have a special place in our hearts.
Uh… This is true,
01:19:30.000 --> 01:19:34.999
not only because your mother was one of
us, but because to millions of Americans
01:19:35.000 --> 01:19:39.999
you symbolized in the past
01:19:40.000 --> 01:19:44.999
and now courageous resistance to totalitarian
forces that would enslave us all.
01:19:45.000 --> 01:19:49.999
The great note has been struck
01:19:50.000 --> 01:19:54.999
that the unity of the Anglo American World,
01:19:55.000 --> 01:19:59.999
and may I take the English speaking world
01:20:00.000 --> 01:20:04.999
is unbroken and unbreakable.
01:20:05.000 --> 01:20:09.999
We shall be able not
only to save ourselves,
01:20:10.000 --> 01:20:14.999
but to preserve the cause of freedom,
01:20:15.000 --> 01:20:19.999
un-justice among mankind.
I thank you all very much
01:20:20.000 --> 01:20:24.999
for the great kindness for which
you have treated me here.
01:20:25.000 --> 01:20:29.999
Now, I thank the vice president
for his extremely considerate
01:20:30.000 --> 01:20:34.999
and complementary remarks.
Mr. Prime Minister.
01:20:35.000 --> 01:20:40.000
You want a V?
01:21:00.000 --> 01:21:08.000
[music]
01:21:55.000 --> 01:21:59.999
We wanted to use Radio Liberation mainly
01:22:00.000 --> 01:22:04.999
as a conveyor of rumors of defeat
01:22:05.000 --> 01:22:09.999
and in fact Arbenz’s listening to it,
you know, at the end he believed it.
01:22:10.000 --> 01:22:14.999
Uh… We… we sowed confusion through the
countryside through Radio Liberation.
01:22:15.000 --> 01:22:19.999
And uh… you know, when you tell the
(inaudible) and you tell the army,
01:22:20.000 --> 01:22:24.999
your army is defeated, the invading
forces are already victorious,
01:22:25.000 --> 01:22:29.999
lay down your arms, there
was nobody around to…
01:22:30.000 --> 01:22:34.999
to say that that’s not the case.
01:22:35.000 --> 01:22:39.999
And… Radio Liberation was
saying, your leaders have fled.
01:22:40.000 --> 01:22:44.999
And, you know, make your, make peace with
the… the liberating army is best you can,
01:22:45.000 --> 01:22:49.999
put down your weapons. And
that’s exactly what happened.
01:22:50.000 --> 01:22:54.999
And of course, we had by this time, we had
aircraft flying over and dropping leaflets.
01:22:55.000 --> 01:22:59.999
And doing a little harmless bombing.
01:23:00.000 --> 01:23:04.999
Generals have governed
the country since then.
01:23:05.000 --> 01:23:09.999
If the president is not a General, power
becomes transparent, protocol unpredicted.
01:23:10.000 --> 01:23:14.999
[sil.]
01:23:15.000 --> 01:23:19.999
Today, at mid night from the balcony of the National
Palace, the historic statement is to be read,
01:23:20.000 --> 01:23:24.999
Independence the 172nd year.
01:23:25.000 --> 01:23:29.999
President should have
appeared, he didn’t come.
01:23:30.000 --> 01:23:35.000
Contradictions of the protocol,
the General’s celebrations.
01:24:00.000 --> 01:24:04.999
The truth about the overthrow,
01:24:05.000 --> 01:24:09.999
the expulsion of the Jacobo Arbenz is quite
simple. The commanders of the armed forces,
01:24:10.000 --> 01:24:14.999
orders from the president which are no longer
carried out, the conspiracy with the commanders
01:24:15.000 --> 01:24:19.999
of mercenary troops to
march into the country.
01:24:20.000 --> 01:24:24.999
27th of June, 1954.
01:24:25.000 --> 01:24:29.999
The time to treason of the army commanders surprised
even the secret agents who mounted the betrayal.
01:24:30.000 --> 01:24:38.000
[non-English narration]
01:24:45.000 --> 01:24:49.999
[sil.]
01:24:50.000 --> 01:24:54.999
[non-English narration]
01:24:55.000 --> 01:25:03.000
[sil.]
01:25:05.000 --> 01:25:09.999
The victors declare to the people,
01:25:10.000 --> 01:25:14.999
the light, the power of the greatness of the
Fatherland has risen again, but the war is not over,
01:25:15.000 --> 01:25:19.999
an eternal one. Jacobo
Arbenz did not face the war,
01:25:20.000 --> 01:25:24.999
he fled like a coward, he
was no man, no President.
01:25:25.000 --> 01:25:33.000
[sil.]
01:26:05.000 --> 01:26:10.000
[non-English narration]
01:26:35.000 --> 01:26:39.999
The cause of death is stated
on the death certificate,
01:26:40.000 --> 01:26:44.999
\"general, organic, seizure, due
to suffocation by submersion.\"
01:26:45.000 --> 01:26:49.999
[sil.]
01:26:50.000 --> 01:26:54.999
A mysterious death in
Mexico in the last exile.
01:26:55.000 --> 01:26:59.999
Jacobo Arbenz is found in his house dead
in the bath. No one knows what happened.
01:27:00.000 --> 01:27:04.999
27th of January 1971, in the night.
01:27:05.000 --> 01:27:13.000
[sil.]
01:27:50.000 --> 01:27:54.999
[sil.]
01:27:55.000 --> 01:28:00.000
[music]
01:28:25.000 --> 01:28:29.999
I am very happy to have you
arrived here in United States.
01:28:30.000 --> 01:28:34.999
Uh… Well, there will be a kind
invitation of the American Government.
01:28:35.000 --> 01:28:39.999
Yeah, yeah, all right. I am glad…
01:28:40.000 --> 01:28:44.999
yes, but this just was uh… I am so glad
to arrive here in the United States.
01:28:45.000 --> 01:28:49.999
Wait, they’re gonna give the sign.
01:28:50.000 --> 01:28:54.999
I… I…
01:28:55.000 --> 01:28:59.999
Happy to arrive in United States.
01:29:00.000 --> 01:29:04.999
I happy to arrive to United States.
01:29:05.000 --> 01:29:09.999
I consider is the…
01:29:10.000 --> 01:29:15.000
is the appearance, the (inaudible)
continental, the all America.
Distributor: Icarus Films
Length: 90 minutes
Date: 1995
Genre: Expository
Language: German; Spanish; English / English subtitles
Grade: 10-12, College, Adult
Color/BW:
Closed Captioning: Available
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