WEBVTT

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[sil.]

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Imagine, that this is a journey. I could
be waiting for a train somewhere in Japan.

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I could stand in front of the station and
like all travellers have my picture taken.

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For instance, me and that other
child of the Atomic Age, Astro Boy.

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Imagine, I could send you
a postcard when I arrive.

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I would look for one like this
one, a beautiful afternoon,

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the warm light over the river, a light breeze to
make the reflections in the water shimmer slightly.

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[music]

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If I sent you a card, you could ask, \"Why?\"

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I could answer that it\'s an old
story that has me on this train.

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A story that starts and ends
with a plane and a cloud.

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[music]

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At 8:15 in the morning of
August 6th, Japanese time,

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the first atomic bomb gets an enemy target.

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A bomb was aimed to explode about
zero point that sparked in the city

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at the junction of the Morito east
zone and outer rivers. Again…

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At o\' 8:15 on August 6, over
military target Hiroshima

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bombed here major parody took over.
It was above to drop

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the atom bomb.

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[sil.]

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[music]

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A bomb of unpresidentive
destructiveness had exploded.

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Three days later, a second atom bomb
was dropped on Nagasaki. And again.

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The un imagine of destructive atomic
bomb protected by elite scientists.

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First mission, the industrial
city of Hiroshima.

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Second mission, the port of Nagasaki.
Japan has its choice,

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compete surrender or complete ruin.

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A plane and a cloud. For Americans, the bomb is
the grace note of hard won victory ending the war

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and saving lives. For Japan, a
fig leaf, a symbol of peace

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covering the legacy of Japanese militarism.
The dead in Hiroshima

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about 130,000, in Nagasaki, about 70,000.

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The intense heat, the blast,

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and the radiation spread instantly. The
meaning of these events is still frozen

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at that moment in 1945.

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I was born in August, 1950,

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five years after Hiroshima was bombed.
My early years were spent in

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one of the new suburbs that had sprouted up across
California to house the families of returning veterans.

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In fact, the evidence of
what was called the war

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even though America was already engaged
in a new one was still part of life

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in a casual way. My parents got divorced

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when I was three and we left the suburbs.

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Berkeley was a company town

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with over 100 departments and a dozen
colleges. It produced knowledge

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the way Detroit produced cars.
Hard science ruled

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and the king of the sciences was physics.

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[music]

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The IV covered halls on campus were
being crowded out by modern buildings.

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The big cars and brand new freeways promised
an exhilarating ride to the future.

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Even the Chancellor, Klein Seaboard

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was a physicist who got his Nobel
Prize for discovering plutonium here.

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Soon it was my turn to fly.

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My stepfather Doug and a neighbor Bill and a glow
plug engine running on nitrox and castor oil.

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These stats were men who went
to school on the G.I. Bill.

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Doug was in the Korean war.

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Bill, a mathematician who
fought in North Africa.

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With his engineering degree from Berkeley,

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Doug got a job at Livermore. He was
working on the Polaris missile,

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a center piece of America\'s nuclear arsenal.
I started to hear terms like thrust,

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pay load, re-entering
discussed over cocktails.

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…expressly designed for the job, U.S.S. George
Washington. The tests are stirring climax

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to a four year program to
meet the nuclear submarine

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and the intermediate range ballistic missile. Now the subs
missile hatches are clear… Doug brought a film like this one

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and this has been fired to my school.
We watched it in the basement.

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[sil.]

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The first missile after a startling
half angle emergence corrects itself

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and sours down range 1,100 miles to
its target with remarkable accuracy.

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The image of the cheering
sailors… Two hours later…

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I learned to cheer too. Another successful shot.
An achievement major strategic importance

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for America\'s defense.

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[music]

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Years later, I would realize

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that during the duck and cover air
raid drills, we were taking refuge

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in the very same basement where I\'d watched
the missile movies with my classmates.

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[music]

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The bomb, I grew up in its shadow.

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A bomb that can split a human
mind as easily as an atom.

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Two kids, one who would be pilot,

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the other an eternal target
cowering in fear undermine desk.

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It\'s my bomb. It\'s been waiting for me

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for 60 years.

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The film Hiroshima Mon Amour
directed by Alain Resnais

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scripted by Marguerite Duras.
It came out in 1959,

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when the wounds of World War II were still
fresh in the minds of a generation.

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The film insisted that coming to terms
with Hiroshima was an impossible task.

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[sil.]

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[music]

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\"You saw nothing,\" he says.

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But the Japanese survivor, there is a
complete gap between the experience of

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those people who are in Hiroshima
on August 6th and everyone else.

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No visit to the museum,
no trip to the hospital,

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no tragic photo will ever close it.

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Why does the first and still most famous film
about that event start from the position

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that it is impossible for us to
know what happened in Hiroshima?

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Why is it so passionately important
for the French woman and for us

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that we do understand? (inaudible)
the conceptual distance

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between memory and history was uncrossable.

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I can only add that as surely as a black hole\'s
gravity bends the light of distance stars,

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the dropping of the bomb distorted the way
we see the world. The gap is uncrossable.

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But I\'m going to give it a try.

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[sil.]

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Hiroshima, I\'m here where
I was with my camera,

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with my wife, Prudent, with Mrs. Yoshida
and her friend Mrs. Kuwana(ph).

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[sil.]

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I was here before as a young student.

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I too had my picture taken standing
in front of the atomic dome.

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[sil.]

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[sil.]

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My memories are very, very simple
when we heard some big sound,

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my mother and my little brother
and sister we just hidden the,

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under the… under the roof of the
house and the we were just scared

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and my father didn\'t to come
back at that, on that day

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so we were so worried about him

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but I clearly remember, he was so wounded and
all glasses in his body and he was bloody

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and that was scaring me.
I was scared about that.

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And then when I looked up the sky,
the sky was just like a blood,

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bloody red, just red. Ten thousand degrees,

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the heat of the fireball was so intense that
the oxygen and nitrogen naturally found an air

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and normally unreactive toward
each other form nitrogen dioxide

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a blood red gas.

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[music]

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I wonder Hiroshima, I went the streets

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the buildings to speak of their pain of
the obliteration of their residents.

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But this is a modern city.
Only a few memorials

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and the memories of its citizens make
it different from Houston or Helsinki.

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[sil.]

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Monument for the students, memorial
tower to the mobilize the students.

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[sil.]

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My sister was at junior high school student
and at that time they all have to go,

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I know, go and work to toward done. That,
tare down, to tare down the houses

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because once in there fire comes,
you know, they really have to,

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not because the fire won\'t be spreaded
out so they just tare down the houses.

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That\'s the work they really
have to do every day.

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Before the atom bomb the U.S. had already
perfected a firebombing technique

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using Naipaul that had
destroyed large parts of

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over 60 Japanese cities. Girls like Mrs.
Yoshida\'s sister had been mobilized

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to create firebreaks as a countermeasure.
On the day the bomb dropped,

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Mrs. Yoshida\'s sister survived.

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Over 6,000 did not. And they
did that work downtown.

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Even in this area, a lots of younger, younger
students, you know, working are under this area too.

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And this area is the most damaged place

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and a lots of students passed away, died.

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A local reporter, (inaudible)was the only
known photographer, ground zero that day.

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His testimony was translated for
a 1995 exhibition in Tokyo.

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\"Near the Miyuki bridge,
there was a police box.

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Most of the victims who gathered there were junior
high school girls mobilized to evacuate buildings

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and they were outside when the bomb fell.
Having been directly exposed

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to the heat race, they were covered
with blisters the size of balls.

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The blisters were starting to burst open
and their skins hung down like rugs.

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When I saw this I thought I would take a picture and I
picked up my camera but I couldn\'t push the shutter.\"

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[sil.]

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Yes. This is a place that people come all over the
world, from all over the world but how about for you?

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Is this a place that you
visit in your own life?

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Yes, once in a while I visited but

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uh… Even if I take my visitors off by,

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you know, people from foreign countries,
I just take them to the, you know,

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uh… memorial. Peace Memorial Exhibition.

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But I just ask them, just try to
see, but I just wait outside,

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you know, I don\'t want, it, it\'s very hard
for me to look at it again and again,

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you know, about the same thing.
So I just ask them,

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you know, to look at it by themselves.

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[sil.]

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Matsushiga(ph) was unable to process his images for four or
five days and even then he had to do so in the open at night

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rinsing the film in a stream.
Notice how these photos,

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their surfaces scarred and pitted were
clearly part of the disaster they depict.

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Note how the photographer has taken pictures
of people\'s backs and not shown their faces.

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I\'m guessing but I can imagine him reluctant
out of respect for fellow human beings

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whose faces are no longer recognizable.

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[music]

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In 2006, I heard about a
discovery I couldn\'t ignore.

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Over 700 rescued photos of a dead city in
an archive, a photo archive in New York.

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[sil.]

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Well, let\'s start with box number one.
I\'m hoping to look at them on.

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Great.

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[music]

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Great, thank you so much.

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There are hundreds of photos,
small, anonymous and brown with age

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discovered in the suburbs of Boston in the
year 2000, while the original negatives

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were classified secret and buried in the Pentagon\'s faults, these
prints found their way into the hands of a naval architect,

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Lieutenant Robert L. Corps B. who
worked on a postwar study of

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the effectiveness of the bombing.
After his death,

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his files were stored by his daughter. A few years later
a young man cleaning out her basement got the photos.

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Put out with the trash by mistake
in Watertown Massachusetts,

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they were discovered by the owner of a local
diner who recognized their significance

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and started the sequence of events
that led to their coming here.

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[music]

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[sil.]

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The images are the work
of the United States

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Strategic Bombing Survey.

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Because it is a global bomber,

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around it has been built
an entire U.F.O.\'s,

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the 20th war theatre is the world itself.

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When a bomb has been dropped,

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the effect should be measured. This is
central to the logic of strategic bombing

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in total war where the goal is
to defeat an enemy nation state

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by destroying its industrial capacity to wage
war rather than its actual military forces.

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[music]

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The measurement yields quantifiable results.
How many square miles of destruction?

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How far from the point of blast?
What is the effect on

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reinforced concrete on
steel girders, on brick?

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Photographs are an essential
part of this effort.

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[music]

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Like any autopsy,

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this is a highly specialized procedure designed
to determine the exact cause of death.

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The word comes from the Greek, autopsia,

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to see for one\'s self. Here we are seeing
the most instrumental use of photography

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dedicated to scientific measurement.

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At second look, the effort
reveals its pathos.

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No ruler, no clipboard, no compass can
help us see what has happened here.

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[music]

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With U.S. troops victorious in Okinawa

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and readying to invade Japan. The allies meet
in San Francisco to create the United Nations,

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three weeks before the first
explosion of an atomic bomb.

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The charter of the United Nations
which you are now signing

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is a solid structure up on which
we can build for a better world.

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History will honor you for it.
But win the victory in Europe

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and the final victory in Japan

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in this most destructive of all wars, you
have won a victory against war itself.

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A postcard from UN headquarters.

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The General Assembly dome on the right.
The architecture is mid century modern

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but it\'s May, 2010 and the
discussion is nuclear disarmament.

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The Cold War binge has been over for
20 years at the hangover lingers.

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As a confidence building measure,
the United States announces that

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the exact size of its stockpile
of nuclear weapons numbers 5,113.

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[sil.]

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Hibakusha means

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uh… atomic bomb survivors came to…

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from Japan then uh… I\'m the one now

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uh… came to New York.

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So we\'re doing uh… different schools
junior high and high school,

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very beginning that was
only near the August

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comes every year.

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Uh… Media come to me, they
ask questions, interview,

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then they remember it is way more so and…

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and specially in the 10 years now

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uh… more, more I\'m going to
different places to speak.

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Ordinary, I go to school
like you people study

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but that morning in Japan, those time,

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most men went into war

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so only old men or women\'s
and children\'s rest.

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Student have to come to the clean up.

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Just the moment, I start clean
and I heard the aero planes

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and I look up the sky, that day
was the beautiful blue sky.

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No cloud, only silver plane,

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white tail, blue sky,

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imagine, it\'s beautiful, right?
So I told to my classmate,

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look up the sky, it is beautiful, playing.

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And same time, when I
pointed it, I saw that

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aero plane dropping something white

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and also continuously, that knock me down.

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See, as the bomb dropped it,

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they don\'t bomb and explode. Not like that.

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They drop in air, explode.

00:24:30.000 --> 00:24:34.999
So the pressure knock me down.

00:24:35.000 --> 00:24:39.999
Shigeko, unlike the hero for an ace movie
does not worry that we weren\'t there.

00:24:40.000 --> 00:24:44.999
Her world was up ended 60 years ago.

00:24:45.000 --> 00:24:49.999
Einstein\'s simple equation
turned everything upside down.

00:24:50.000 --> 00:24:54.999
Our notions of time, space, the nature of matter
and entire universe was called into question

00:24:55.000 --> 00:24:59.999
when Shigeko looked up and saw a
beautiful plane in the blue morning sky.

00:25:00.000 --> 00:25:04.999
A postcard from Berkeley,

00:25:05.000 --> 00:25:09.999
the Dome of the famous Lawrence
Radiation laboratory in the foreground.

00:25:10.000 --> 00:25:14.999
It was here that plutonium
was first isolated in 1940.

00:25:15.000 --> 00:25:19.999
[sil.]

00:25:20.000 --> 00:25:24.999
When I was growing up, my stepmother Duckie was for me
what a favorite aunt or uncle might be for other children.

00:25:25.000 --> 00:25:29.999
She worked at what was
known locally as The Lab.

00:25:30.000 --> 00:25:38.000
[sil.]

00:25:40.000 --> 00:25:44.999
Verily, Verily, this is Duckie here.

00:25:45.000 --> 00:25:49.999
Duckie girlfriend.

00:25:50.000 --> 00:25:54.999
Yes. Yes, it had been a long time. My God.

00:25:55.000 --> 00:25:59.999
We got old. We got old.

00:26:00.000 --> 00:26:04.999
I was hired in 1955, as a scanner and
that was for we look through microscopes

00:26:05.000 --> 00:26:09.999
we looked into film emotion
that was just in big blocks

00:26:10.000 --> 00:26:14.999
and told us where the particles had gone as these
blocks were set into the beam line of the Brewerton.

00:26:15.000 --> 00:26:19.999
And the Brewerton had just
been built when I was hired.

00:26:20.000 --> 00:26:24.999
The Brewerton used an incredibly strong
circle of pulsing magnets to spin the protons

00:26:25.000 --> 00:26:29.999
are used to bombard the target atomic
nuclei. Physicists had predicted

00:26:30.000 --> 00:26:34.999
the existence of anti-matter. It was
here in these scans that it was found

00:26:35.000 --> 00:26:39.999
along with a host of new
elements and particles.

00:26:40.000 --> 00:26:44.999
Every 10 seconds there would
be what they call the spill

00:26:45.000 --> 00:26:49.999
when the Brewerton would, the beam
would fire through the targets.

00:26:50.000 --> 00:26:54.999
So you have a lot of images on one film.
There were usually 1,000 foot roles of this

00:26:55.000 --> 00:26:59.999
uh… lino graph pattern. It was, it was the
different, I can\'t remember the name of the film

00:27:00.000 --> 00:27:04.999
but it was the aircraft film.
And big magazines and as I say,

00:27:05.000 --> 00:27:09.999
we were all in excellent physical shape because we
we were handling these. The nuclear fission was

00:27:10.000 --> 00:27:14.999
first discovered in 1939. The University
of California under Ernest Lawrence

00:27:15.000 --> 00:27:19.999
was well positioned to be at the
forefront of atomic experimentation.

00:27:20.000 --> 00:27:24.999
During World War II, Lawrence made
the university and its radiation lab

00:27:25.000 --> 00:27:29.999
central to the Manhattan Project. The American
effort produce the first atomic bomb,

00:27:30.000 --> 00:27:34.999
big science was born.

00:27:35.000 --> 00:27:39.999
But as a particle went through the liquid hydrogen
it would leave bubbles behind the way bubbles

00:27:40.000 --> 00:27:44.999
coming in a glass of beer and they
would show up by the way it was lit.

00:27:45.000 --> 00:27:49.999
(inaudible) of what we would be looking at.
There would be, what they would call,

00:27:50.000 --> 00:27:54.999
you know, an interaction where two particles
would collide or several particles would collide

00:27:55.000 --> 00:27:59.999
and they were something else would
be given of. Already in 1936,

00:28:00.000 --> 00:28:04.999
Verner Heisenberg had demonstrated the uncertainty
principle. He showed that the observer of the experiment

00:28:05.000 --> 00:28:09.999
cannot be separated from the results.
Despite this knowledge,

00:28:10.000 --> 00:28:14.999
it never entered into the thinking of the
Berkeley scientists that this new world of

00:28:15.000 --> 00:28:19.999
random and chaotic energies generated by fleeting
interactions would become completely untangled

00:28:20.000 --> 00:28:24.999
with an excess tensional
threat to all human life.

00:28:25.000 --> 00:28:29.999
Every day, seven days a week, 365 a year,

00:28:30.000 --> 00:28:34.999
we processed film and one year
we processed two million feet,

00:28:35.000 --> 00:28:39.999
two million feet of film in one year.
Then uh… they broke that down

00:28:40.000 --> 00:28:44.999
to a digital readout, direct
read out to the computers

00:28:45.000 --> 00:28:49.999
and no more film was processed. So they\'ve
scattered us all over the hill, broke up the group

00:28:50.000 --> 00:28:54.999
and gave us all jobs and I
have got a good job working

00:28:55.000 --> 00:28:59.999
with people who had experiments in the Brewerton and
that was where they were really doing a physics

00:29:00.000 --> 00:29:04.999
and that was the best job of all.
That was absolutely wonderful job.

00:29:05.000 --> 00:29:09.999
Don\'t look up too much.

00:29:10.000 --> 00:29:14.999
Just to be around that excitement of
maybe we\'re going to find this particle

00:29:15.000 --> 00:29:19.999
or maybe they\'re going to be able to prove this or that
theory, we didn\'t even know what the theory was sometimes

00:29:20.000 --> 00:29:24.999
but the excitement of the physicist
was what made it a good job.

00:29:25.000 --> 00:29:29.999
(inaudible) set up there, it had four different
tanks in between the magnets actions.

00:29:30.000 --> 00:29:34.999
So all this steel around
the certain portions,

00:29:35.000 --> 00:29:39.999
magnets actions and then this (inaudible).

00:29:40.000 --> 00:29:44.999
Behind you, that\'s where they discovered
plutonium and… Yes. …in the, during the war

00:29:45.000 --> 00:29:49.999
but after the war it didn\'t have that kind of…
No, there was never anything to do with weapons

00:29:50.000 --> 00:29:54.999
on the Hill that we knew of. We could have had clearance
which they gave people who were involved with weapons

00:29:55.000 --> 00:29:59.999
but that was only given to us if we
were going to be, going to Livermore

00:30:00.000 --> 00:30:04.999
to deliver film and we never went out there. I never
drove to Livermore. Don\'t even know what was until

00:30:05.000 --> 00:30:09.999
after I had retired. Uh… but that
was where the weapons were studied.

00:30:10.000 --> 00:30:14.999
Thank heavens, no, we had
nothing like that here.

00:30:15.000 --> 00:30:19.999
The last time I was here was over 40 years
ago. I remember skateboarding down this hill

00:30:20.000 --> 00:30:24.999
and dodging in an out behind the
shielding of the Brewerton.

00:30:25.000 --> 00:30:29.999
The excitement of the lab being in the
presence of the deepest exploration of

00:30:30.000 --> 00:30:34.999
the nature of the universe the
matter itself has stayed with me.

00:30:35.000 --> 00:30:39.999
[sil.]

00:30:40.000 --> 00:30:44.999
Pure physics, a dream of lost innocence.
The Brewerton decommissioned in 1993,

00:30:45.000 --> 00:30:49.999
it\'s being demolished. It\'s
down to come down soon.

00:30:50.000 --> 00:30:54.999
The study of particle physics has
moved to Chicago and to Geneva.

00:30:55.000 --> 00:31:03.000
[sil.]

00:31:05.000 --> 00:31:13.000
[music]

00:31:15.000 --> 00:31:19.999
Louis Blériot was one of several early aviators
to bring the dream of flying to a broad public

00:31:20.000 --> 00:31:24.999
at the dawn of the 20th century.

00:31:25.000 --> 00:31:29.999
After several unsuccessful tries, his
flight across the English Channel in 1911,

00:31:30.000 --> 00:31:34.999
the first in a heavier than air
craft made him a superstar.

00:31:35.000 --> 00:31:39.999
One French documentary quotes him as he
launches himself on his dangerous journey.

00:31:40.000 --> 00:31:44.999
My mind is calm without any emotion,
without any impression of reality.

00:31:45.000 --> 00:31:49.999
[music]

00:31:50.000 --> 00:31:54.999
But the dream of flight

00:31:55.000 --> 00:31:59.999
once realized quickly led
to another realization.

00:32:00.000 --> 00:32:04.999
No sooner was malarial home from
this trip across the channel

00:32:05.000 --> 00:32:09.999
when the military forces in several countries
began purchasing his planes for war.

00:32:10.000 --> 00:32:14.999
[music]

00:32:15.000 --> 00:32:19.999
The Italian flyer Gavotti

00:32:20.000 --> 00:32:24.999
made aviation history in Libya
on November 1st, 1911 in a war

00:32:25.000 --> 00:32:29.999
with the autumn empire dropping bombs
on two Turkish held the races.

00:32:30.000 --> 00:32:34.999
In the World War I, just a few years later,

00:32:35.000 --> 00:32:39.999
the airplanes potential as a viewing platform was
arguably more important from a strategic point of view

00:32:40.000 --> 00:32:44.999
than the development of
bomber and fighter aircraft.

00:32:45.000 --> 00:32:49.999
The US Army photo division under famed art
photographer Edward Steichen took millions of photos

00:32:50.000 --> 00:32:54.999
meticulously documenting the ruined
cities of the Western Front.

00:32:55.000 --> 00:32:59.999
In the 1930s, planes carrying
bombs came into their own

00:33:00.000 --> 00:33:04.999
while Japanese fire bombing of cities
in China through global condemnation,

00:33:05.000 --> 00:33:09.999
it was the 1937 destruction of the Basque town of
Guernica by German dive bombers that redefined war.

00:33:10.000 --> 00:33:14.999
No longer with their lines of battle,

00:33:15.000 --> 00:33:19.999
no longer were civilians safe behind them.

00:33:20.000 --> 00:33:24.999
[sil.]

00:33:25.000 --> 00:33:29.999
I don\'t know how long out conscious,
you know, when I start to sitting up,

00:33:30.000 --> 00:33:34.999
they look around, I couldn\'t see anything

00:33:35.000 --> 00:33:39.999
and I didn\'t feel anything. I
cannot hear anything, just numb.

00:33:40.000 --> 00:33:44.999
And all I can see,

00:33:45.000 --> 00:33:49.999
the blackness, dark.
Nothing moving, nothing.

00:33:50.000 --> 00:33:54.999
Then for a while, when the fogs go away,

00:33:55.000 --> 00:33:59.999
fog and the pollution clear,

00:34:00.000 --> 00:34:04.999
then I saw people moving.
We\'re looking here

00:34:05.000 --> 00:34:09.999
at the very first page
of his first dispatch

00:34:10.000 --> 00:34:14.999
written on September 6th, \'45,
the day he arrived four weeks

00:34:15.000 --> 00:34:19.999
after the bomb had exploded and he
says, \"Here with powers first known

00:34:20.000 --> 00:34:24.999
eyewitness account results
atomic bomb drop Nagasaki.

00:34:25.000 --> 00:34:29.999
Walk in Nagasaki streets
and you walk in ruins.\"

00:34:30.000 --> 00:34:34.999
The atomic bombs peculiar disease uncured

00:34:35.000 --> 00:34:39.999
because it is untreated and
untreated because it is undiagnosed

00:34:40.000 --> 00:34:44.999
is still snatching away lives here.
Men, women and children

00:34:45.000 --> 00:34:49.999
with no outward marks of injury
are dying daily in hospitals.

00:34:50.000 --> 00:34:54.999
Some after having walked around for three
or four weeks thinking they have escaped.

00:34:55.000 --> 00:34:59.999
The doctors here have
every modern medicament

00:35:00.000 --> 00:35:04.999
but candidly confessed in talking to the writer,
the first allied observer to reach Nagasaki

00:35:05.000 --> 00:35:09.999
since the surrender that the answer
to the melody is beyond them.

00:35:10.000 --> 00:35:14.999
Their patience though their skins are whole
are simply passing away under their eyes.

00:35:15.000 --> 00:35:19.999
Finding his father stories
buried among his belongings

00:35:20.000 --> 00:35:24.999
when he passed away in 2002, Anthony took it
upon himself to get the dispatches published

00:35:25.000 --> 00:35:29.999
for the first time, 60 years
after they were written.

00:35:30.000 --> 00:35:34.999
My father George Weller was
born in 1907, in Boston.

00:35:35.000 --> 00:35:39.999
At the end of the \'30s, he took on
a job with the Chicago daily news

00:35:40.000 --> 00:35:44.999
as a foreign correspondent
for the coming war.

00:35:45.000 --> 00:35:49.999
He was on the last freighter safely
out of Singapore when it fell.

00:35:50.000 --> 00:35:54.999
He was on the very last boat out of Java. You
know, his goal was to be always the first man in

00:35:55.000 --> 00:35:59.999
and the last man out. Two American
planes appearing at the clear midday sky

00:36:00.000 --> 00:36:04.999
let fall the blow which
clinched Japan\'s defeat

00:36:05.000 --> 00:36:09.999
and decided her surrender. The mystery
of the atomic bomb is still sealed,

00:36:10.000 --> 00:36:14.999
the ruins are here in testimony
that not only Nagasaki

00:36:15.000 --> 00:36:19.999
but the world was shaken.
He would often say

00:36:20.000 --> 00:36:24.999
that he lost his war in Nagasaki
and he\'d been covering the Pacific

00:36:25.000 --> 00:36:29.999
from early 1942 on and had felt

00:36:30.000 --> 00:36:34.999
a set by MacArthur censors at every turn

00:36:35.000 --> 00:36:39.999
and this seemed the final straw that a
month after the war ended when there was

00:36:40.000 --> 00:36:44.999
no legitimate military
reason for censorship.

00:36:45.000 --> 00:36:49.999
Umm… He was totally shut down. In
fact, what MacArthur did was declare

00:36:50.000 --> 00:36:54.999
all of southern Japan off limits.
He wanted to open it like

00:36:55.000 --> 00:36:59.999
a slow cookie box with no risk

00:37:00.000 --> 00:37:04.999
because he had his eye on the presidency. One
other reporter eluded MacArthur censorship

00:37:05.000 --> 00:37:09.999
headlined the atomic plague, Wilfred (inaudible)
story in The London Daily Express shock the world

00:37:10.000 --> 00:37:14.999
with details of the new bomb.

00:37:15.000 --> 00:37:19.999
In Hiroshima, 30 days after the first atomic
bomb destroyed the city and shook the world,

00:37:20.000 --> 00:37:24.999
people are still dying.
Mysteriously and horribly.

00:37:25.000 --> 00:37:29.999
People who are uninsured in the cataclysm from an unknown
something that I can only describe as the atomic plague.

00:37:30.000 --> 00:37:34.999
Hiroshima does not look like a bomb city.
It looks as if a monster steamroller

00:37:35.000 --> 00:37:39.999
has passed over it and
squashed it out of existence.

00:37:40.000 --> 00:37:48.000
[music]

00:37:50.000 --> 00:37:54.999
The radiation is invisible but the body is
transparent like film a motion exposed.

00:37:55.000 --> 00:37:59.999
[sil.]

00:38:00.000 --> 00:38:04.999
A hand turning a wheel, a foot on the road,

00:38:05.000 --> 00:38:09.999
a brief sit down on the bank steps.

00:38:10.000 --> 00:38:14.999
At 10,000 degrees,

00:38:15.000 --> 00:38:19.999
the citizens are inscribed into
the surface of their own city.

00:38:20.000 --> 00:38:28.000
[music]

00:38:40.000 --> 00:38:44.999
The B-29 that Chicago saw,

00:38:45.000 --> 00:38:49.999
the Enola Gay started its journey
from here wind over Utah.

00:38:50.000 --> 00:38:54.999
In the desert light, the dropping
of the bomb was rehearsed.

00:38:55.000 --> 00:38:59.999
This is a national historical site but
mainly it\'s a side of abandonment.

00:39:00.000 --> 00:39:04.999
The ammo dump, the launch pad,
the bunker where the scientists

00:39:05.000 --> 00:39:09.999
and military officers would watch.

00:39:10.000 --> 00:39:14.999
And this hangar, this empty hangar.

00:39:15.000 --> 00:39:19.999
I take picture after picture but
the banal facade reveals nothing

00:39:20.000 --> 00:39:24.999
as the French filmmaker Chris Marker once
said, \"History throws out its empty bottles.\"

00:39:25.000 --> 00:39:33.000
[music]

00:39:40.000 --> 00:39:44.999
A short time ago, an American airplane

00:39:45.000 --> 00:39:49.999
dropped on bomb on Hiroshima and
destroyed its usefulness to the enemy.

00:39:50.000 --> 00:39:54.999
That bomb has more power
than 20,000 tons of TNT.

00:39:55.000 --> 00:39:59.999
The Japanese began the war
from the air at Pearl Harbor.

00:40:00.000 --> 00:40:04.999
They have been repaid many fouls.

00:40:05.000 --> 00:40:09.999
President Truman\'s words came to define

00:40:10.000 --> 00:40:14.999
what might be called America\'s collective
memory of the end of World War II.

00:40:15.000 --> 00:40:19.999
But each of us has our own Hiroshima. In mind, it is what it
goes on to say that seems to speak most clearly of the world

00:40:20.000 --> 00:40:24.999
created by the bomb.

00:40:25.000 --> 00:40:29.999
We have spent more than two billion dollars

00:40:30.000 --> 00:40:34.999
on the greatest scientific gamble
in history and we have one.

00:40:35.000 --> 00:40:39.999
But the greatest marvel that\'s
not the size of the enterprise,

00:40:40.000 --> 00:40:44.999
its secrecy or its cost.

00:40:45.000 --> 00:40:49.999
But the achievement of scientific brains in making
it work. Both science and industry work together

00:40:50.000 --> 00:40:54.999
under the direction of
the United States Army

00:40:55.000 --> 00:40:59.999
which achieved a unique success
in amazingly short time.

00:41:00.000 --> 00:41:04.999
What has been is the
greatest achievement of

00:41:05.000 --> 00:41:09.999
organized science in history.

00:41:10.000 --> 00:41:14.999
[music]

00:41:15.000 --> 00:41:19.999
The airfield carefully lit for cameras
reminds us that the visual images

00:41:20.000 --> 00:41:24.999
connected to the atom bomb are a key aspect
of its power into usefulness as a weapon.

00:41:25.000 --> 00:41:29.999
The Enola Gay was accompanied on
its mission by two other bombers

00:41:30.000 --> 00:41:34.999
full of cameramen and scientific personnel.

00:41:35.000 --> 00:41:39.999
One observer Luis Alvarez,
a physicist from Berkeley,

00:41:40.000 --> 00:41:44.999
my stepmother would later work for wrote a letter to
his young son on the plane coming back from Hiroshima.

00:41:45.000 --> 00:41:49.999
\"Dear Walter, it was tough to take off

00:41:50.000 --> 00:41:54.999
on this flight not knowing whether
I would ever see you again

00:41:55.000 --> 00:41:59.999
but lots of other fathers have been in the same spot
many times before in this war and I had a job to do.

00:42:00.000 --> 00:42:04.999
So I can\'t claim to be any sort of hero.

00:42:05.000 --> 00:42:09.999
What regrets I have about being a party to killing and
maiming thousands of Japanese civilians this morning

00:42:10.000 --> 00:42:14.999
are tempered with the hope that
this terrible weapon we\'ve created

00:42:15.000 --> 00:42:19.999
will bring the countries of the world together and
prevent further wars. Alfred Nobel thought that

00:42:20.000 --> 00:42:24.999
his invention of high explosives would have
that effect by making wars too terrible.

00:42:25.000 --> 00:42:29.999
But unfortunately, it had
just the opposite reaction.

00:42:30.000 --> 00:42:34.999
Our new destructive force is so many thousands of
times worse that it may realize Nobel\'s dream.\"

00:42:35.000 --> 00:42:40.000
[sil.]

00:42:45.000 --> 00:42:49.999
A great towering mushroom effect could
be… Although any sufficiently large bomb

00:42:50.000 --> 00:42:54.999
will create a similar cloud, it was
the one over Nagasaki that was dubbed

00:42:55.000 --> 00:42:59.999
a mushroom by William L. Lawrence, The New York
Times reporter who spoke of the bomb creating cloud

00:43:00.000 --> 00:43:04.999
\"A pillar of purple fire out of the
top of which came a giant mushroom.\"

00:43:05.000 --> 00:43:09.999
The reporter was also the
public relations man

00:43:10.000 --> 00:43:14.999
from the Manhattan Project. In terms of
PR, the cloud shaped like a vegetable

00:43:15.000 --> 00:43:19.999
was a real gift cloaking
events in a terrifying fog.

00:43:20.000 --> 00:43:28.000
[sil.]

00:43:30.000 --> 00:43:34.999
Yosuke Yamahata was dispatched to Nagasaki as
soon as news came of the bombing on August 9th.

00:43:35.000 --> 00:43:39.999
He arrived early the next morning and started
taking pictures as soon as there was light.

00:43:40.000 --> 00:43:44.999
His images are the most
extensive documentation of

00:43:45.000 --> 00:43:49.999
the effects of the bomb. Speaking in 1952,

00:43:50.000 --> 00:43:54.999
Yamahata described his own sense
of his mission like this,

00:43:55.000 --> 00:43:59.999
\"Human memory has a tendency to slip and
critical judgment to fade with the years

00:44:00.000 --> 00:44:04.999
and with changes in lifestyle
and circumstance but the camera

00:44:05.000 --> 00:44:09.999
just as it sees to the grim realities of that
time brings the stark facts of seven years ago

00:44:10.000 --> 00:44:14.999
before our eyes without the need
for the least embellishment.\"

00:44:15.000 --> 00:44:23.000
[music]

00:44:25.000 --> 00:44:29.999
Yamahata\'s pictures are not facts.

00:44:30.000 --> 00:44:34.999
They are images and as eloquent as they are
the photographs are almost never seen.

00:44:35.000 --> 00:44:39.999
In 1994, these photos were among

00:44:40.000 --> 00:44:44.999
the first images removed from the planned
exhibition at the Smithsonian Institution

00:44:45.000 --> 00:44:49.999
that included the Enola Gay.

00:44:50.000 --> 00:44:58.000
[music]

00:45:00.000 --> 00:45:04.999
Pure science, pure art, we
want to stand above the world

00:45:05.000 --> 00:45:09.999
and observe but there\'s
no position of safety

00:45:10.000 --> 00:45:14.999
neither in physics nor in photography.
A picture isn\'t a thing,

00:45:15.000 --> 00:45:19.999
it\'s a relationship. Looking at a picture

00:45:20.000 --> 00:45:24.999
if we\'re not changed by what
we see, we\'ve seen nothing.

00:45:25.000 --> 00:45:29.999
[sil.]

00:45:30.000 --> 00:45:34.999
Then it came to my mind, the
fire bomb dropped the nearby.

00:45:35.000 --> 00:45:39.999
Of course, nobody didn\'t know the
atomic bomb the thing, right?

00:45:40.000 --> 00:45:44.999
Then I just follow the people who still,

00:45:45.000 --> 00:45:49.999
I dint feel anything.

00:45:50.000 --> 00:45:54.999
Even I dint know I was burned.

00:45:55.000 --> 00:45:59.999
All my face, that the half up the body

00:46:00.000 --> 00:46:04.999
and I just see my hand,
arms, these shoulders,

00:46:05.000 --> 00:46:09.999
because my numbness,
didn\'t hear, didn\'t feel,

00:46:10.000 --> 00:46:14.999
I just followed people. By the time,

00:46:15.000 --> 00:46:19.999
the more, clear to see more, the
people moving into the river.

00:46:20.000 --> 00:46:24.999
By the time I got there,

00:46:25.000 --> 00:46:29.999
already the river was covered people,
dead people. Then all the sudden,

00:46:30.000 --> 00:46:34.999
baby screaming,

00:46:35.000 --> 00:46:39.999
open popped in my conscious
and hear and then

00:46:40.000 --> 00:46:44.999
uh… I saw the baby was
all, can\'t tell the face

00:46:45.000 --> 00:46:49.999
uh… body is

00:46:50.000 --> 00:46:54.999
or not know eyes, I couldn\'t
tell the eye, the mouth,

00:46:55.000 --> 00:46:59.999
and the mother is the same way.
See, those people are hurt

00:47:00.000 --> 00:47:04.999
but are able to move to go away,

00:47:05.000 --> 00:47:09.999
but still, everybody is like
an, like a, not human being.

00:47:10.000 --> 00:47:18.000
[music]

00:47:30.000 --> 00:47:34.999
(inaudible).

00:47:35.000 --> 00:47:39.999
The tilt up…

00:47:40.000 --> 00:47:44.999
[music]

00:47:45.000 --> 00:47:49.999
The slow reveal from a feature film that
will never be made from this footage,

00:47:50.000 --> 00:47:54.999
footage there was interred
in a vault for 40 years.

00:47:55.000 --> 00:48:03.000
[music]

00:48:05.000 --> 00:48:09.999
There may be a hospital in
Hiroshima but I can\'t show you.

00:48:10.000 --> 00:48:14.999
There maybe a church but
I can\'t take you there,

00:48:15.000 --> 00:48:19.999
not even inside the damaged Cathedral.
The careful composition,

00:48:20.000 --> 00:48:24.999
the woman in the foreground, the flowers,

00:48:25.000 --> 00:48:29.999
the onlookers standing in a kind
of Greek chorus in the back.

00:48:30.000 --> 00:48:34.999
[music]

00:48:35.000 --> 00:48:39.999
As eloquent as these images are when
they were declassified in the 1980s,

00:48:40.000 --> 00:48:44.999
they seemed like the end to a story
but there is no ending here.

00:48:45.000 --> 00:48:53.000
[music]

00:48:55.000 --> 00:48:59.999
I have never been here before

00:49:00.000 --> 00:49:04.999
to the New Mexico desert. The
good thing is that it\'s here,

00:49:05.000 --> 00:49:09.999
it offers space for contemplation. I
remember my stepfather came here for tests

00:49:10.000 --> 00:49:14.999
in the 1960s returning home with
Hopi Katrina dolls as souvenirs.

00:49:15.000 --> 00:49:19.999
[music]

00:49:20.000 --> 00:49:24.999
White Sands is best known for being the
site of the first atomic weapon test.

00:49:25.000 --> 00:49:29.999
The sign quotes J. Robert Oppenheimer

00:49:30.000 --> 00:49:34.999
the father of the bomb quoting
Shiva, the Hindu god of death.

00:49:35.000 --> 00:49:39.999
\"Now I am become death,
the destroyer of worlds.\"

00:49:40.000 --> 00:49:44.999
Shiva wrote good verse but
human beings made the bomb.

00:49:45.000 --> 00:49:53.000
[sil.]

00:50:00.000 --> 00:50:04.999
There is a small park

00:50:05.000 --> 00:50:09.999
dedicated to the different
missiles tested at this location

00:50:10.000 --> 00:50:14.999
used from World War II to Iraq.
Today, we have new wars

00:50:15.000 --> 00:50:19.999
with new kinds of weapons. Drones
dealing death from half a planet away.

00:50:20.000 --> 00:50:24.999
Here, I find the casing
for a second Fat Man bomb

00:50:25.000 --> 00:50:29.999
without its plutonium core.

00:50:30.000 --> 00:50:34.999
My camera picks it out clearly in the golden
light of the afternoon sun in the quiet

00:50:35.000 --> 00:50:39.999
only the sound of the desert
dubs in the background.

00:50:40.000 --> 00:50:44.999
[sil.]

00:50:45.000 --> 00:50:49.999
My mother looking for me

00:50:50.000 --> 00:50:54.999
every day go out to the city, all
over the dead bodies on the street

00:50:55.000 --> 00:50:59.999
and people hurt gathering any place she go.

00:51:00.000 --> 00:51:04.999
All over (inaudible) she couldn\'t find it.
But that day, she came

00:51:05.000 --> 00:51:09.999
to… to help the people to court in my name

00:51:10.000 --> 00:51:14.999
and I say, here I am

00:51:15.000 --> 00:51:19.999
and she get call, yeah,
yeah, my mother heard

00:51:20.000 --> 00:51:24.999
very weak, small voice,
\"Here I am, here I am.

00:51:25.000 --> 00:51:29.999
She followed the sound then looked,

00:51:30.000 --> 00:51:34.999
she… she couldn\'t recognize.

00:51:35.000 --> 00:51:39.999
If you can imagine, when you make
toast and you forgot the toast,

00:51:40.000 --> 00:51:44.999
the smoke start the toaster,
then you popped up to get up

00:51:45.000 --> 00:51:49.999
just like this and the rough.
Have you had experience?

00:51:50.000 --> 00:51:54.999
Yes. Yeah? Yes. Can you just imagine

00:51:55.000 --> 00:51:59.999
my whole face and hair all that?

00:52:00.000 --> 00:52:04.999
The big ball here in my face,

00:52:05.000 --> 00:52:09.999
same burnt, rough.

00:52:10.000 --> 00:52:15.000
So how can she tell?

00:52:20.000 --> 00:52:24.999
Medium shot, a Japanese male searches through
ruins of his former home for salvageable items.

00:52:25.000 --> 00:52:29.999
In the background can be seen the
ruins of the Catholic Church.

00:52:30.000 --> 00:52:34.999
Medium shocked for Japanese boys

00:52:35.000 --> 00:52:39.999
searching through rubble for salvage.

00:52:40.000 --> 00:52:44.999
Shigeko told me one thing made her sad,

00:52:45.000 --> 00:52:49.999
she remembers the first 13 years of her life
before there was such a thing as the atom bomb.

00:52:50.000 --> 00:52:54.999
\"We have a post-war generations,\" she said
and I\'ll never know what that was like.

00:52:55.000 --> 00:53:03.000
[music]

00:56:10.000 --> 00:56:18.000
[sil.]