Candid accounts from victims of elder abuse.
He Wouldn't Turn Me Loose
- Description
- Reviews
- Citation
- Cataloging
- Transcript
This film presents the real-life case of 96-year-old Miss Mary, who was financially exploited and later, sexually assaulted by her grandson. Miss Mary had been living with her grandson and his wife for five years during which financial abuse took place. Then, one evening, when his wife was out, the grandson sexually abused Miss Mary for several hours, leaving her bruised from head to toe. After the attack and hospitalization, Miss Mary was placed in a nursing home under the name 'Jane Doe' for safety reasons. Miss Mary's family refused to believe her and refused to support her the primary social interactions were with staff and residents of the nursing home, and the advocates she met after the assault. However, Miss Mary retained her strength of character, and fully participated in the subsequent trial and prosecution of her grandson. Through interviews with Miss Mary, various professionals involved in investigating and trying the case, and with victim advocates who helped Miss Mary, the DVD reveals some of the dynamics involved in this case, and how it was successfully brought to trial and prosecution.
Citation
Main credits
Other credits
Content editor, Bonnie Brandl; project consultants, Betty J. Abramson, Jane A. Raymond.
Distributor subjects
Elder Abuse; Sexual Assault; Rape/Sexual Abuse; Social Work; Social IssuesKeywords
WEBVTT
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911, Thomson Listen.
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Get a cop out here, I’m hurt.
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Ma’am, you need police for rescue.
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Send two or three cops down here,
there’s a maniac in the house.
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Okay, Ma’am. Okay, you need
a… What’s your address?
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(inaudible). Okay, listen to me, okay?
Take a deep breath, okay?
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Whom are you having a problem with? Ma’am.
Whom are you having a problem with?
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I don’t know but please, please, help me! Okay.
Listen to me, ma’am. Who is… Please hurry!
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Will you listen… Will you
listen to me, please?
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Every month, when he’d bring
his check in they’d blow it.
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They didn’t have no money to pay a mortgage. Five
hundred dollars a month mortgage and he’d say,
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\"Granny, you got any money
till I get my next check?
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I’ll pay you back.\" I’d let him have it.
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I gave him two $500.00 checks at one
time that I’d saved. Two at one time.
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And I’d say now Bill go pay that mortgage
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and what change, I said bring it back.
He come back drinking,
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I never did see it. I never
have seen any of my money.
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It sounded like pretty much from the
start there was problems with that,
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not only with her government check being
misused. They would drive her to the bank,
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they would have her cash it, they would immediately,
you know, go buy things, but not things for Mary.
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She was doing primarily the housework from
what it sounds like, was doing the cooking
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for the family and was really taking care of
them, instead of them taking care of her,
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she felt very, I think she
felt lucky in the sense
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that she didn’t want to be at a nursing
home, so she felt like she was lucky
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to have her things and be kind
of out in the real world and
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so she did whatever she could
to make that family work… umm…
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make that situation work. I had to get
along (inaudible) and then say nothing.
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Mary had told me that they had gone,
she had gone on a regular basis
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to put some of her umm… government check in
to a burial policy, so that when she passed,
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everything will be taken care of. I was
trying to save a little bit a month
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because I was paying on my funeral bill.
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You know, I’d give her money… I’d give
her money to go in there and pay it.
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And she’d go in there and she’d come back
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and I’d say this to her, I’d say, \"Did they give you a
receipt?\" She’d say, \"No, they don’t give a receipt.\"
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Well, that went on.
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The next month came and I
gave her some more money
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and I’d say, \"Did you get a
receipt?\" She said, \"No.\"
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I said, \"They don’t give no receipt in there.\"
The third time I gave her some money,
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she went and come too fast, too quick.
She went and come back quick.
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I said, well, that was a quick going and coming
and she said, \"Yes, there wasn’t nobody there
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\"so I just opened the door I walked in there and
put the money on the desk and come on out.\"
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That’s when I caught her. But I didn’t
say anything. I didn’t say a word.
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One of the things that I become aware of
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in my work with elder abuse victims is that
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where there is financial
exploitation going on
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and this is certainly a… a
situation where there was
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ongoing misuse of the elder’s money
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and assets, and that was going
on for a very long time.
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Typically in these cases
what we find is that
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while the financial exploitation
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might become obvious if someone is
really looking at it, what’s not obvious
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is that there will be
power and control issues
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that come in as whoever
is doing the exploitation
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seeks to gain more and more control over
the elder’s assets. And that’s where
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you start seeing physical
violence, sexual violence
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things escalate as in domestic
violence of all kinds.
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Family violence against
elders is domestic violence
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and the powering control issues are
always there. Okay, listen to me, okay?
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Take a deep breath, okay? Whom are you having a problem
with? Ma’am. Whom are you having a problem with?
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I don’t know but please, please, help me!
Listen to me, ma’am. Who is…
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Please hurry! Will you listen… Will you listen to
me, please? You said it’s a maniac in your house.
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Who’s in your house? Well, he’s in the
house. He’s hurt me. I’m bleeding!
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Send two or three. Please hurry!
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Please hurry!
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And I went to go see her, she was already
in umm… her hospital room at that point,
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they had transferred her
from the emergency room.
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She umm… just look so tiny and frail in the
hospital bed, I remember thinking that
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she only took up a third of the
hospital bed and umm… she was…
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had so many bruises on her. I hadn’t seen
anybody with that many bruises before,
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umm… all that her arms
and legs and… and her…
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she had gauze everywhere and there was… It was just…
It was really hard to walk in there and to see her.
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You know, it was done at night,
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late on a Sunday afternoon
about six o’clock.
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And it went on till two o’clock on in the morning,
on Monday morning, till two o’clock Monday morning.
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It went on that long. It wasn’t just
an hour or two and then it stopped.
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He yanked me around that long.
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And I was black and blue here and
had a rib cracked back here.
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He was so drunk. And, that’s when he
said, \"I’m going to rub you down.\"
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He said, \"I’m going to
rub you down tonight,\"
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and he just went a scrubbing
on me, all over me.
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And I bent over that way and
I said, \"Don’t, Bill, quit,\"
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and he got worse and worse and he jerked me up and he rubbed
me. I tried to say something to put him off, you know,
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and so I say, \"There’s
somebody at the door, Bill.\"
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And he jerked me up out of my chair
and he carried me to the door, too.
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Of course, there wasn’t nobody at the door.
And he grabbed me up
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and went pulled me in on
his bed and raped me.
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He drug me back out and came and
threw me back into the house.
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I hurt my ankle down there.
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He stepped on my foot I guess, I
don’t know what happened to it.
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He kept on dragging me around in there.
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I said \"Bill, I got to go to the bathroom.\"
He wouldn’t turn me loose. He wouldn’t.
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He kept hold of me. I says, \"I
got to go to the bathroom.\"
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So he opened the bathroom door
and I went in the bathroom
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and he followed me in there, had
a hold on me and I sat down.
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And he, I hate to say this, but it’s the truth.
That’s what you all want is the truth. Yeah.
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He rubbed his thing all in my face. His
penis, he rubbed it all in my face.
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And, I told him, I said, \"I
won’t go back in that room.\"
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He drug me back into the room
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and I sat down, he shoved me down. He
had a hold of my hands and he drug me.
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From there, he drug me out
through the back door,
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opening the back glass
door and I cut my hand.
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I must have cut my hand on the door,
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when he drug me through there.
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Eighteen stitches and there
was two in my ankle.
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And he drug me out there and I told him-He
says, \"I’m going to the little house,
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I got some beer out there.\" He
says, \"I got two more beers.\"
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I said, \"Well, you go get the
beer and I’ll help you drink it.\"
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You know, I was just telling him that to make him turn
me loose. He said, \"No, I’m going to carry you with me.\"
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He said, \"I’m going to kill you anyhow.
I’m going to kill you before daylight.\"
00:10:05.000 --> 00:10:09.999
And he told me that dragging me,
and dragging me, and dragging me,
00:10:10.000 --> 00:10:14.999
\"I’m going to kill you before daylight,
nobody won’t know who done it.\"
00:10:15.000 --> 00:10:19.999
So he drug me off the back porch,
down the door steps, barefooted,
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I just had my night clothes on,
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down to the little house, and back dragging me. And I
cut my knee across here, on something out in the yard,
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it had grass and gravel all in it.
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And I got back in the house,
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he slammed me down and he take his fingers
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and put it by my nose and twisted it
around. And my face was black and blue.
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My hands was all cut up.
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And he says, \"Well, it’s time to go to bed.\" I
said, \"Well, you go in there and go to bed, Bill.\"
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And he said, \"No!\" He drug me in my room,
00:11:05.000 --> 00:11:09.999
and he got in my bed and he
didn’t have no clothes on.
00:11:10.000 --> 00:11:14.999
He told me to get up there
in the bed with him.
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I said, \"I’m not getting up there.\"
00:11:20.000 --> 00:11:24.999
And he laid down and put
his back in my bed.
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My bed was about like this.
00:11:30.000 --> 00:11:34.999
So I was trying to find a
way to get away from him.
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So he lay down and I felt him when he give
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and I drug my hand out from under
him, where he had a hold of it
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and I went in there and I called 911.
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I said, \"There’s a maniac in the house,\"
and I said, \"He’s just about kill me.\"
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I said, \"I’m bleeding to death.\" You know, so
they came out and they found him in my bed,
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and they got him up and put the
handcuffs on him, put him in the car.
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I will never forget the day that case
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in the office because earlier in the…
in the year and the previous year
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we’d had a… a 67-year-old victim
assaulted by a family member
00:12:20.000 --> 00:12:24.999
and a 78-year-old victim
assaulted by her natural son.
00:12:25.000 --> 00:12:29.999
And in this business when you’re working
and this kind of, especially crimes of… of
00:12:30.000 --> 00:12:34.999
domestic violence and… and sexual
abuse, everyday you think,
00:12:35.000 --> 00:12:39.999
you know, that tops that you’ll never hear anything
that worse and then this file comes in with Lisa
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with 96-year-old victim assaulted by her 38
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or 37-year-old grandson. I think
that the exploitation was going on,
00:12:50.000 --> 00:12:54.999
uh… clearly there was emotional
abuse going on where
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she was pretty much the servant and
00:13:00.000 --> 00:13:04.999
her wishes were being ignored and there
were expectations that she would
00:13:05.000 --> 00:13:09.999
basically work for Susan and Lloyd
John, who is also known as Billy.
00:13:10.000 --> 00:13:14.999
Umm… And I just see
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the situation escalating and escalating
in pretty much a classic sort of sense.
00:13:20.000 --> 00:13:24.999
Now all of a sudden, Billy rapes Mary
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and it seems like something
that came out of the blue,
00:13:30.000 --> 00:13:34.999
but when you start really digging
into what else was doing on,
00:13:35.000 --> 00:13:39.999
it’s not quite so out of the blue,
it’s shocking and that it had a sexual
00:13:40.000 --> 00:13:44.999
aspect of it, but…
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but not so shocking when you think of it, it
is part of this whole package of exploitation
00:13:50.000 --> 00:13:54.999
and abuse I think that was going on.
00:13:55.000 --> 00:13:59.999
We were concerned with (inaudible) age that
00:14:00.000 --> 00:14:04.999
we would lose her as a witness and
essentially (inaudible) some doctors
00:14:05.000 --> 00:14:09.999
and some patrol officers that came on the scene after
the assault was over, she was the only witness.
00:14:10.000 --> 00:14:14.999
And we wanted to make sure and hold Lloyd
John is accountable for what had happened,
00:14:15.000 --> 00:14:19.999
so we really… really rushed it through and, in
fact, I did a couple of motions to put it up
00:14:20.000 --> 00:14:24.999
on the court docket to kind a… skip
everything else that was ahead of it.
00:14:25.000 --> 00:14:29.999
We were very… very concerned that other family members
would come in and to sway her from testifying
00:14:30.000 --> 00:14:34.999
or convince her that it didn’t really happened
or… or that something that would happen,
00:14:35.000 --> 00:14:39.999
so I think when you hear Ashley
talk, she will actually call
00:14:40.000 --> 00:14:44.999
uh… Miss Mary JD and that’s because
we initially had her as (inaudible)
00:14:45.000 --> 00:14:49.999
that’s how we had her at the facility that she was
at and I believe is still where she is staying
00:14:50.000 --> 00:14:54.999
umm… and we had just a very few people that we were allowed
to see her, so we’re extremely concerned about her safety.
00:14:55.000 --> 00:14:59.999
Pretty much immediately the family
didn’t believe her or support her
00:15:00.000 --> 00:15:04.999
that was very shocking to me. I think it just
sounded like it was just an initial disbelief
00:15:05.000 --> 00:15:09.999
that they couldn’t believe that this happened, but nobody ever came
to see her in her emergency umm… I’m sorry, in her hospital room.
00:15:10.000 --> 00:15:14.999
If they had come, see her in her hospital room, they
would’ve see in that Mary didn’t make up this attack,
00:15:15.000 --> 00:15:19.999
I mean, she was bruised from head to toe, umm…
very weak and lethargic when I first met her.
00:15:20.000 --> 00:15:24.999
And we were very afraid that they
would umm… be able to, you know,
00:15:25.000 --> 00:15:29.999
go in there, you know, under the… you know,
pretense of visiting her as family members and
00:15:30.000 --> 00:15:34.999
possibly, you know, pressure her into not
cooperating with us and to not continuing,
00:15:35.000 --> 00:15:39.999
you know, with the… with the
prosecution, so we… I still call her JD,
00:15:40.000 --> 00:15:44.999
I don’t think I ever really called her Miss McCauley,
but everyone at the nursing home refers her as JD.
00:15:45.000 --> 00:15:49.999
The victim’s son was the father of
00:15:50.000 --> 00:15:54.999
the perpetrator umm… and there was
one occasion where the father
00:15:55.000 --> 00:15:59.999
uh… and his wife went to the nursing home,
00:16:00.000 --> 00:16:04.999
her son did not cooperate with
our investigation and, in fact,
00:16:05.000 --> 00:16:09.999
testify for the defense. Umm…
00:16:10.000 --> 00:16:14.999
so was… was an issue at least once where they
went without our knowledge and the nursing home
00:16:15.000 --> 00:16:19.999
put in safety plan as it was and didn’t
allow no confirm that she was there.
00:16:20.000 --> 00:16:24.999
Going into the court, I mean, it is divided on two sides
and, you know, everyone that was pretty much against her
00:16:25.000 --> 00:16:29.999
was on one side and then everyone that
was for her was on the other side.
00:16:30.000 --> 00:16:34.999
Sadly, the people that were for… for her were the people
that she had met after this had happened, it was, you know,
00:16:35.000 --> 00:16:39.999
her advocate, it was Nanci, it was people from our
office that were there that had an interest in the case
00:16:40.000 --> 00:16:44.999
that believes her that… that they ever there to show
their support for her because it was so against her.
00:16:45.000 --> 00:16:49.999
Umm… We… Actually, you
know, because of her age
00:16:50.000 --> 00:16:54.999
and because of her umm… I guess poor eye sighted,
I don’t know, another way to say that umm…
00:16:55.000 --> 00:16:59.999
typically, you know, being an advocate, the judge will allow,
you know, you to sit in the front row so that the person
00:17:00.000 --> 00:17:04.999
want, you know, the victim when the other testifying can see
(inaudible), so that they’re not having to look at the defendant,
00:17:05.000 --> 00:17:09.999
they have someone that they’re comfortable with, that they
have a report with to focus on, someone that, you know,
00:17:10.000 --> 00:17:14.999
makes them feel comfortable, that’s there for
them. Umm… In this case, we had to get permission
00:17:15.000 --> 00:17:19.999
from Judge Cole to because, you
know, JD could not see, you know,
00:17:20.000 --> 00:17:24.999
very far at all umm… to where I sat
up right next to the jury box.
00:17:25.000 --> 00:17:29.999
Umm… They… We actually had to bring her
in, get her situated and then, you know,
00:17:30.000 --> 00:17:34.999
I sat down and then… then they brought the jury in, so the jury didn’t
know who I was that was, it not was any kind of influence on them
00:17:35.000 --> 00:17:39.999
that, you know, her advocates here
anything like that. It was just for her
00:17:40.000 --> 00:17:44.999
so that if she needed something, if she, you
know, became, you know, scared or upset
00:17:45.000 --> 00:17:49.999
or whatever. You know, I’d worked with her and… and Nanci
had worked with her so much that we’re close enough to her
00:17:50.000 --> 00:17:54.999
that she felt comfortable with us, so she was okay with us
being there and we were basically like to support for her.
00:17:55.000 --> 00:17:59.999
I don’t think that either one of Nanci
or Ashley will take credit for this,
00:18:00.000 --> 00:18:04.999
so I want to say a large part of that
is because of the extreme interest
00:18:05.000 --> 00:18:09.999
that these two ladies and other people have taken
in this woman’s life. I know that Ashley spend
00:18:10.000 --> 00:18:14.999
at least one Thanksgiving with her. I think
Ashley went and dressed her and did her hair for…
00:18:15.000 --> 00:18:19.999
umm… for the actual trial.
And as attorneys,
00:18:20.000 --> 00:18:24.999
that is not something I can be quite honest
that I would have the time or the Billy to do,
00:18:25.000 --> 00:18:29.999
but again, it made all the difference in the
world because When Miss McCauley came to me,
00:18:30.000 --> 00:18:34.999
she was comfortable and she trusted
me because Ashley said I was okay,
00:18:35.000 --> 00:18:39.999
and you can’t put a price on that. The trial took
eight days, which is incredibly long for this state
00:18:40.000 --> 00:18:44.999
where we have full discovery, it is very unusual
for a criminal trial to take that kind of time
00:18:45.000 --> 00:18:49.999
especially in light of the fact that they want
wasn’t a particularly big trial, they weren’t
00:18:50.000 --> 00:18:54.999
a whole lot of witnesses, but as I
mentioned before umm… defense counsel was
00:18:55.000 --> 00:18:59.999
rather were both and just
some of the things that
00:19:00.000 --> 00:19:04.999
we had to do again to accommodate
Miss McCauley to take sometime.
00:19:05.000 --> 00:19:09.999
Any sex case you have, you try to
conduct a medical examination,
00:19:10.000 --> 00:19:14.999
we did, I think we had to try a couple
of times for her because her legs were
00:19:15.000 --> 00:19:19.999
very bruised and swollen
and so they couldn’t umm…
00:19:20.000 --> 00:19:24.999
conduct a medical exam right
away, so that took a little bit
00:19:25.000 --> 00:19:29.999
uh… little bit of time, but once that
was established that was I guess
00:19:30.000 --> 00:19:34.999
what I felt was a kind of big piece of evidence
that… that help support her allegation.
00:19:35.000 --> 00:19:39.999
She did have a tear in her vaginal
area umm… which for obvious reasons
00:19:40.000 --> 00:19:44.999
I think was extremely important to
our case and being able to prove it
00:19:45.000 --> 00:19:49.999
um… and it was in such as
place that even if a person
00:19:50.000 --> 00:19:54.999
was using some kind of lupus sponge
or something that was abrasive,
00:19:55.000 --> 00:19:59.999
they would not even cleaning themselves really
give themselves that… which that was the defenses
00:20:00.000 --> 00:20:04.999
that she had somehow done this to herself,
dealing herself a bath or a shower.
00:20:05.000 --> 00:20:09.999
We took a lot of pictures of other crime scene, I
didn’t actually go to the crime scene, but the…
00:20:10.000 --> 00:20:14.999
For her to pick out points like one specific
example was when he took her sock off
00:20:15.000 --> 00:20:19.999
in the specific bedroom, she pointed that out
in the photos that she starts looking at them
00:20:20.000 --> 00:20:24.999
and she would give a little bit more
description of what happened in each room umm…
00:20:25.000 --> 00:20:29.999
and I mean, he dragged her out of the
chair, there was always bruising
00:20:30.000 --> 00:20:34.999
and scrapes on her ankles umm… you know,
that just help collaborate her story.
00:20:35.000 --> 00:20:39.999
The medical testimony was incredibly…
incredibly supportive in this case,
00:20:40.000 --> 00:20:44.999
Dr. Allison Barfield umm… testified as
00:20:45.000 --> 00:20:49.999
to the abrasions and the outer
injuries and her testimony was just,
00:20:50.000 --> 00:20:54.999
if I had to pick one thing obviously
Miss McCauley, but one thing outside of
00:20:55.000 --> 00:20:59.999
Miss McCauley’s testimony, Judge Allison Barfield’s
testimony was just, we in fact, recalled her
00:21:00.000 --> 00:21:04.999
at the end of the case because it was so long,
Adair and I decided, we don’t want the jury to
00:21:05.000 --> 00:21:09.999
forget about this really good stuff which is
she had whatever equivalent to finger marks
00:21:10.000 --> 00:21:14.999
where he had grabbed her umm… and he gave
a story where she had fallen of the porch
00:21:15.000 --> 00:21:19.999
and that’s why she had the wrist
laceration and… and the ankle laceration,
00:21:20.000 --> 00:21:24.999
and he had gently picked her up almost like
an infant way and taken her in the house
00:21:25.000 --> 00:21:29.999
and Dr. Barfield was like no way
you would get these two grip marks
00:21:30.000 --> 00:21:34.999
on her upper arm area if
that’s what if happened.
00:21:35.000 --> 00:21:39.999
Cheyenne and I had actually gone out to the
scene by just the two of us at one point
00:21:40.000 --> 00:21:44.999
towards right before the trial was about
to begin to take pictures and ourselves
00:21:45.000 --> 00:21:49.999
look at the stairs, so that we could have a
better way to explain to the jury looking at this
00:21:50.000 --> 00:21:54.999
there is no way these injuries could have happened.
I would think listening to us talk about
00:21:55.000 --> 00:21:59.999
all the evidence and everything about Miss
Mary, he would think, my gosh, (inaudible),
00:22:00.000 --> 00:22:04.999
this is the case. This is one of the most difficult
cases umm… I have ever tried if not the most difficult.
00:22:05.000 --> 00:22:09.999
They brought in various family
members to basically say
00:22:10.000 --> 00:22:14.999
that was she hallucinated
in the past, she is a liar.
00:22:15.000 --> 00:22:19.999
Also, there was a friend of the
family that came in and testified
00:22:20.000 --> 00:22:24.999
to some sort of conversation between
the defendant and Miss Mary,
00:22:25.000 --> 00:22:29.999
where he had… The defendant had
supposedly threaten to put
00:22:30.000 --> 00:22:34.999
Miss Mary in a nursing home because that’s a
giant point that was a great fear of Mary’s
00:22:35.000 --> 00:22:39.999
in an unfortunate consequence of this case
umm… that she ended up in a nursing home,
00:22:40.000 --> 00:22:44.999
but Mary had supposedly
made some statement like
00:22:45.000 --> 00:22:49.999
\"I… I will do anything to stay out of the
nursing home and the area of the defense was
00:22:50.000 --> 00:22:54.999
that’s what this was… was a giant concussion
of Mary’s mind to stay out of a nursing home
00:22:55.000 --> 00:22:59.999
which was actually ridiculous because that’s how she
ended up in the nursing home, but that was one aspect to
00:23:00.000 --> 00:23:04.999
umm… another aspect of defense
tactic was again that
00:23:05.000 --> 00:23:09.999
she was mentally unstable and they brought in,
somebody say she was seeing her dead husband
00:23:10.000 --> 00:23:14.999
at some point way in the past,
I… I think all of that was…
00:23:15.000 --> 00:23:19.999
I think the jury probably discounted all of that because having
Miss Mary there, it was very clear that that wasn’t the case.
00:23:20.000 --> 00:23:24.999
Her hearing, I obviously have a very loud
voice and made an effort to really amplify,
00:23:25.000 --> 00:23:29.999
but the defense tried to use
that against her and I think
00:23:30.000 --> 00:23:34.999
intentionally talked at a low level to make Miss
McCauley seem confused and like she didn’t know
00:23:35.000 --> 00:23:39.999
what she was talking about and it was very frustrating
to sit and watch because I had nothing to do
00:23:40.000 --> 00:23:44.999
other than she is 96-year-old and she
can’t hear as well. What Cheyenne did and
00:23:45.000 --> 00:23:49.999
what the, you know, attorneys who prosecute
these cases often different children and…
00:23:50.000 --> 00:23:54.999
and aged victim is they moved
closer with concern of the court
00:23:55.000 --> 00:23:59.999
and move closure to them provided
just a little bit more, maybe
00:24:00.000 --> 00:24:04.999
physical support I think closer,
well, the tactic of (inaudible)
00:24:05.000 --> 00:24:09.999
and moved farther away and it
was… it was excruciating to watch
00:24:10.000 --> 00:24:14.999
and was probably 15 or 20 feet
away from her as Cheyenne said,
00:24:15.000 --> 00:24:19.999
with the apparent purpose of
making her look incompetent
00:24:20.000 --> 00:24:24.999
umm… and to demonstrate to the jury
that she was not a good witness.
00:24:25.000 --> 00:24:29.999
Just because of… of the tactics
ever used, how long it went,
00:24:30.000 --> 00:24:34.999
we were very worried that the
jury was gonna let him go and…
00:24:35.000 --> 00:24:39.999
and I think one of the things you have to understand in
dealing with these types of cases more than anything is
00:24:40.000 --> 00:24:44.999
what are the great obstacles we come in
contact with… with a jury is the first thing
00:24:45.000 --> 00:24:49.999
you have to get them over is the concept
that something like this could happen.
00:24:50.000 --> 00:24:54.999
Juries don’t ever wanna believe that
sexual abuse happens, but put that aside
00:24:55.000 --> 00:24:59.999
a grandson on a grandmother, and that
is a huge obstacle that you face,
00:25:00.000 --> 00:25:04.999
you start back on a case like this not
rather than on an even plain field.
00:25:05.000 --> 00:25:09.999
And there is a lot of legal state for the
state to prove a motive like an arm robbery,
00:25:10.000 --> 00:25:14.999
but jury… you know, like all of us wanna know why
and what makes it difficult the case like it,
00:25:15.000 --> 00:25:19.999
to wrap your hair around this case is…
is the age difference and her frailty
00:25:20.000 --> 00:25:24.999
and that to get beyond the misconception
00:25:25.000 --> 00:25:29.999
that sex cases about sex and lust and
whatever that is about power of control.
00:25:30.000 --> 00:25:34.999
I think that the only thing that Cheyenne and
I really could do was just from the outside,
00:25:35.000 --> 00:25:39.999
explain to the jury again and again and again
that’s not our job and that we can’t get motive,
00:25:40.000 --> 00:25:44.999
we just simply, we could not tell you why he did
this. We have no idea and you have to accept
00:25:45.000 --> 00:25:49.999
that that something that we can’t do. And, you know,
when you ask before are we worried about the verdicts,
00:25:50.000 --> 00:25:54.999
well, when I spend 20 minutes including
arguments saying, we cannot tell you
00:25:55.000 --> 00:25:59.999
why he did this and I say see these
blank stares coming back at me.
00:26:00.000 --> 00:26:04.999
Of course, we’re worried about the verdicts. I think
they were… The jury was out for eight or nine hours
00:26:05.000 --> 00:26:09.999
something it was a long… long time and
when we finally came down for the verdict
00:26:10.000 --> 00:26:14.999
Adair and I sat down and the last thing I said when the judge
said the verdict is in order and clerk got ready to publish it,
00:26:15.000 --> 00:26:19.999
I turned to Adair and said, \"Do
you think I should pull the jury,
00:26:20.000 --> 00:26:24.999
meaning we’re gonna get a not guilty,
should I make every juror say
00:26:25.000 --> 00:26:29.999
their… their verdict that was the last… and she
said, no, don’t do it, let’s get out of here
00:26:30.000 --> 00:26:34.999
and then I was… I was actually absolutely (inaudible)
that that we got, I mean, I was actually
00:26:35.000 --> 00:26:39.999
so happy for Miss McCauley even more than any
other case I’ve been in and I was just like
00:26:40.000 --> 00:26:44.999
justice has been served in this case
and it was a really long and argues
00:26:45.000 --> 00:26:50.000
task for every single person involved.
00:27:30.000 --> 00:27:35.000
[music]
00:27:55.000 --> 00:27:59.999
911, Thomson. Listen.
00:28:00.000 --> 00:28:04.999
[sil.]
00:28:05.000 --> 00:28:09.999
Get a cop out here, I’m hurt.
Ma’am, you need police for rescue.
00:28:10.000 --> 00:28:14.999
[sil.]
00:28:15.000 --> 00:28:19.999
Send two or three cops down here, there’s a maniac in the
house. Okay, ma’am. Okay, you need a… What’s your address?
00:28:20.000 --> 00:28:24.999
(inaudible). Okay, listen to me, okay?
00:28:25.000 --> 00:28:29.999
Take a deep breath, okay? Whom are you having a problem
with? Ma’am. Whom are you having a problem with?
00:28:30.000 --> 00:28:34.999
I don’t know but please, please, help me!
Listen to me, ma’am. Who is…
00:28:35.000 --> 00:28:39.999
Please hurry! Will you listen…
Will you listen to me, please?
00:28:40.000 --> 00:28:44.999
You said it’s a maniac in your house. Who’s
in your house? Well, he’s in the house.
00:28:45.000 --> 00:28:49.999
He’s hurt me. I’m bleeding!
Send two or three.
00:28:50.000 --> 00:28:55.000
Please hurry! Please hurry!
00:29:15.000 --> 00:29:19.999
And I went to go see her, she was already
in umm… her hospital room at that point,
00:29:20.000 --> 00:29:24.999
they had transferred her
from the emergency room.
00:29:25.000 --> 00:29:29.999
She umm… just look so tiny and frail
00:29:30.000 --> 00:29:34.999
in the hospital bed, I remember thinking that
she only took up a third of the hospital bed
00:29:35.000 --> 00:29:39.999
and umm… she was… had
so many bruises on her.
00:29:40.000 --> 00:29:44.999
I hadn’t seen anybody with that many bruises
before, umm… all that her arms and legs and…
00:29:45.000 --> 00:29:49.999
and her… she had gauze everywhere
and there was… It was just…
00:29:50.000 --> 00:29:54.999
It was really hard to walk
in there and to see her.
00:29:55.000 --> 00:29:59.999
You know, it was done at night, late on
a Sunday afternoon about six o’clock.
00:30:00.000 --> 00:30:04.999
And it went on till two o’clock on
in the morning, on Monday morning,
00:30:05.000 --> 00:30:09.999
till two o’clock Monday morning.
It went on that long.
00:30:10.000 --> 00:30:14.999
It wasn’t just an hour or two and then it
stopped. He yanked me around that long.
00:30:15.000 --> 00:30:19.999
And I was black and blue here and
had a rib cracked back here.
00:30:20.000 --> 00:30:24.999
And he was so drunk.
00:30:25.000 --> 00:30:29.999
And, that’s when he said,
\"I’m going to rub you down,\"
00:30:30.000 --> 00:30:34.999
he said, \"I’m going to rub you down tonight\"
and he just went a scrubbing on me,
00:30:35.000 --> 00:30:39.999
all over me. And I bent over that way
and I said, \"Don’t, Bill, quit,\"
00:30:40.000 --> 00:30:44.999
and he got worse and worse
and he jerked me up.
00:30:45.000 --> 00:30:49.999
And he rubbed me. I tried to say
something to put him off, you know,
00:30:50.000 --> 00:30:54.999
and so I say, \"There’s
somebody at the door, Bill\"
00:30:55.000 --> 00:30:59.999
and he jerked me up out of my chair and
he carried me to the door, to see.
00:31:00.000 --> 00:31:04.999
Of course there wasn’t nobody at the door. And he grabbed
me up and went pulled me in on his bed and raped me.
00:31:05.000 --> 00:31:09.999
He drug me back out
00:31:10.000 --> 00:31:14.999
and came and threw me back into the house.
00:31:15.000 --> 00:31:19.999
I hurt my ankle down there.
00:31:20.000 --> 00:31:24.999
He stepped on my foot I guess, I
don’t know what happened to it.
00:31:25.000 --> 00:31:29.999
He kept on dragging me around in there. I
said \"Bill, I got to go to the bathroom.\"
00:31:30.000 --> 00:31:34.999
He wouldn’t turn me loose. He wouldn’t.
He kept hold of me.
00:31:35.000 --> 00:31:39.999
I says, \"I got to go to the bathroom.\"
So he opened the bathroom door
00:31:40.000 --> 00:31:44.999
and I went in the bathroom and he followed me
in there, had a hold on me and I sat down.
00:31:45.000 --> 00:31:49.999
And he, I hate to say
this, but it’s the truth,
00:31:50.000 --> 00:31:54.999
that’s what you all want is the truth.
Yeah. He rubbed his thing all in my face.
00:31:55.000 --> 00:31:59.999
His penis, he rubbed it all in my face.
00:32:00.000 --> 00:32:04.999
And, I told him, I said, \"I
won’t go back in that room.\"
00:32:05.000 --> 00:32:09.999
He drug me back into the room and
I sat down, he shoved me down.
00:32:10.000 --> 00:32:14.999
He had a hold of my hands and he drug me,
00:32:15.000 --> 00:32:19.999
from there, he drug me out
through the back door,
00:32:20.000 --> 00:32:24.999
over the back glass door and I cut my hand.
00:32:25.000 --> 00:32:29.999
I must have cut my hand on the door,
when he drug me through there.
00:32:30.000 --> 00:32:34.999
Eighteen stitches and there
was two in my ankle.
00:32:35.000 --> 00:32:39.999
And he drug me out there and I told him-
00:32:40.000 --> 00:32:44.999
He says, \"I’m going to the little
house, I got some beer out there.\"
00:32:45.000 --> 00:32:49.999
He says, \"I got two more beers.\" I
said, \"Well, you go get the beer
00:32:50.000 --> 00:32:54.999
and I’ll help you drink it.\" I was just telling
him that, you know, make him turn me loose.
00:32:55.000 --> 00:32:59.999
He said, \"No, I’m going
to carry you with me.\"
00:33:00.000 --> 00:33:04.999
He said, \"I’m going to kill you anyhow. He
said, I’m going to kill you before daylight.\"
00:33:05.000 --> 00:33:09.999
He told me that dragging me, and dragging me, and dragging me, \"I’m
going to kill you before daylight, nobody won’t know who done it.\"
00:33:10.000 --> 00:33:14.999
So he drug me off the back porch,
down the door steps, barefooted,
00:33:15.000 --> 00:33:19.999
I just had my night clothes on,
00:33:20.000 --> 00:33:24.999
down to the little house,
and back dragging me.
00:33:25.000 --> 00:33:29.999
And I cut my knee across here,
on something out in the yard.
00:33:30.000 --> 00:33:34.999
It had grass and gravel all in it.
00:33:35.000 --> 00:33:39.999
And I got back in the house, he slammed
me down and he took his fingers
00:33:40.000 --> 00:33:44.999
and put it by my nose
and twisted it around.
00:33:45.000 --> 00:33:49.999
My face was black and blue.
My hands were all cut up.
00:33:50.000 --> 00:33:54.999
And he says, \"Well, it’s
time to go to bed.\"
00:33:55.000 --> 00:33:59.999
I said, \"Well, you go in there and
go to bed, Bill.\" And he said, \"No!\"
00:34:00.000 --> 00:34:04.999
He drug me in my room,
00:34:05.000 --> 00:34:09.999
and he got in my bed and he
didn’t have no clothes on.
00:34:10.000 --> 00:34:14.999
He told me to get up there in the bed with
him. I said, \"I’m not getting up there.\"
00:34:15.000 --> 00:34:19.999
And he laid down and put
his back in my bed.
00:34:20.000 --> 00:34:24.999
My bed was about like this.
00:34:25.000 --> 00:34:29.999
And so I was trying to find
a way to get away from him.
00:34:30.000 --> 00:34:34.999
So, he lay down and I felt him when he give
00:34:35.000 --> 00:34:39.999
and I drug my hand out from under him,
00:34:40.000 --> 00:34:44.999
where he had a hold of it and I
went in there and I called 911.
00:34:45.000 --> 00:34:49.999
I said, \"There’s a maniac in the house,\"
00:34:50.000 --> 00:34:54.999
and I said, \"He’s just about killed
me.\" I said, \"I’m bleeding to death.\"
00:34:55.000 --> 00:34:59.999
And so they came out and
they found him in my bed,
00:35:00.000 --> 00:35:05.000
and they got him up and put the
handcuffs on him, put him in the car.
00:36:00.000 --> 00:36:05.000
[sil.]
00:36:20.000 --> 00:36:24.999
The funeral director himself had been closely
following the case through the newspapers
00:36:25.000 --> 00:36:29.999
and I believed during
the week of the trial,
00:36:30.000 --> 00:36:34.999
he says Susan came in and cashed out
that policy. To my understanding,
00:36:35.000 --> 00:36:39.999
the policy was actually in
Susan’s name on behalf of Mary.
00:36:40.000 --> 00:36:44.999
And therefore, legally, she would
have the right to cash it out
00:36:45.000 --> 00:36:49.999
morally its reprehensible, but apparently
legally she had the right to do that.
00:36:50.000 --> 00:36:54.999
She really trusted Susan umm… in fact,
00:36:55.000 --> 00:36:59.999
Susan appears to have been the person
that Mary was closest in her life.
00:37:00.000 --> 00:37:04.999
I think that she felt like
00:37:05.000 --> 00:37:09.999
not only was that another
violation, but that was
00:37:10.000 --> 00:37:14.999
a huge part of her dignity and that she was going to
be able to have her final wishes respected in that way
00:37:15.000 --> 00:37:19.999
and to find that the… even
the people were saying
00:37:20.000 --> 00:37:25.000
what she wanted, you know, what her wishes
were for the end of her life were just gone.
00:37:30.000 --> 00:37:34.999
The practical aspect of how you maneuver
00:37:35.000 --> 00:37:39.999
at the title (inaudible) she was
97, I believe a 97-year-old victim
00:37:40.000 --> 00:37:44.999
with medical issues through the system
00:37:45.000 --> 00:37:49.999
and what we had to do I… I
think first of all if you try,
00:37:50.000 --> 00:37:54.999
you had an incredible team here
who adapted their perspective
00:37:55.000 --> 00:37:59.999
to see it from the victim’s
perspective as an elderly person
00:38:00.000 --> 00:38:04.999
and the practical aspects of that or
he have to provide the transportation,
00:38:05.000 --> 00:38:09.999
we brought her personal vehicle van
that would accommodate wheelchair,
00:38:10.000 --> 00:38:14.999
the victim actually myself
several tanks of oxygen
00:38:15.000 --> 00:38:19.999
umm… to get her in… to move her
in and out of the courthouse
00:38:20.000 --> 00:38:24.999
to provide a safe quiet place for her
00:38:25.000 --> 00:38:29.999
to (inaudible) testimony umm… or
to take up we had a lunch break
00:38:30.000 --> 00:38:34.999
to provide food for her that was within
both her… her dietary restrictions
00:38:35.000 --> 00:38:39.999
and that we bring her some pleasure.
00:38:40.000 --> 00:38:44.999
Umm… The power control issues as Nanci talks about
therapeutically that you’re trying to help a victim
00:38:45.000 --> 00:38:49.999
restore a simple as
00:38:50.000 --> 00:38:54.999
spacing her before you move that wheelchair.
Mary, we’re gonna turn you left here,
00:38:55.000 --> 00:38:59.999
we’re gonna get on the elevator. If you see from her perspective
a seat and a wheelchair, you get all crowded elevator
00:39:00.000 --> 00:39:04.999
and a busy courthouse, she is
going to be, you know, hip high
00:39:05.000 --> 00:39:09.999
to everybody else in the elevator, so you either clear the
elevator out or you ask before, you know, you create room.
00:39:10.000 --> 00:39:14.999
Prior to the assault, she umm… needed
00:39:15.000 --> 00:39:19.999
oxygen occasionally, it was
there, she would go kind of
00:39:20.000 --> 00:39:24.999
take a couple of puffs on the oxygen tank and then go about
her daily routine of cleaning, cooking that sort of thing.
00:39:25.000 --> 00:39:29.999
After the assault, she became
dependent on the oxygen fulltime
00:39:30.000 --> 00:39:34.999
umm… really as a direct
result of the assault
00:39:35.000 --> 00:39:39.999
umm… and when we were their positions,
the particular defense counsel
00:39:40.000 --> 00:39:44.999
was excruciatingly detailed and umm…
00:39:45.000 --> 00:39:49.999
we had to break the depot up
into two different uh… sessions
00:39:50.000 --> 00:39:54.999
because I was frankly concerned about that she was gonna run
out of oxygen, I mean, she was literally in physically danger
00:39:55.000 --> 00:39:59.999
and, you know, that there is a needle you can watch
it, it was going down and so we had to break it up
00:40:00.000 --> 00:40:04.999
and do it in two separate sessions and that
actually happened on when she was testifying
00:40:05.000 --> 00:40:09.999
in the actual trial as well. Ashley, you can correct
me if I am wrong, but I’m pretty sure she gave Ashley
00:40:10.000 --> 00:40:14.999
the high sign because I missed it. I
think she was giving hand signals
00:40:15.000 --> 00:40:19.999
and I was not comprehending what she was trying to
tell me, now I remember Ashley going like oxygen.
00:40:20.000 --> 00:40:24.999
She needs it, and that’s when I asked for
the recess because I didn’t really realized
00:40:25.000 --> 00:40:29.999
umm… what was going on if… if Ashley hadn’t
been right there… there could’ve been some
00:40:30.000 --> 00:40:34.999
really bad consequences to… to
the whole situation. Yeah, just…
00:40:35.000 --> 00:40:39.999
I don’t think you can stress enough how, I wish that
we, and we could, we just need to make a priority
00:40:40.000 --> 00:40:45.000
to make the system flexible enough to
accommodate these kinds of victims.
00:40:50.000 --> 00:40:54.999
Because of the injuries that Mary sustained
00:40:55.000 --> 00:40:59.999
during her assault and, you know,
her age and her fragility,
00:41:00.000 --> 00:41:04.999
and she is now in a position I think that she would
need to be in a nursing home, no matter what.
00:41:05.000 --> 00:41:09.999
And one of the things that she did not want to
do was want up in a nursing home in a facility
00:41:10.000 --> 00:41:14.999
and so that from… from the
physical and emotional standpoint,
00:41:15.000 --> 00:41:19.999
umm… she was in her worst case scenario
00:41:20.000 --> 00:41:24.999
after becoming a victim. She will
have pain for the rest of her life
00:41:25.000 --> 00:41:29.999
in the areas of her body that were affected by
the assault and talks about that at every visit
00:41:30.000 --> 00:41:34.999
when I see her and so I think at
this point the nursing home is…
00:41:35.000 --> 00:41:39.999
is, you know, the best option for her and
really it’s the only option for her.
00:41:40.000 --> 00:41:44.999
Most of her family members
or her children are
00:41:45.000 --> 00:41:49.999
because she is in her late 90s are also, you know,
in their elder years and unable to care for her
00:41:50.000 --> 00:41:54.999
in the way that she needs to be care for
now. One of the complications in her healing
00:41:55.000 --> 00:41:59.999
was that for… for most victims
00:42:00.000 --> 00:42:04.999
while the sexual assault experience is a
very powerless and helpless experience.
00:42:05.000 --> 00:42:09.999
Afterwards uh… advocates and loved ones
00:42:10.000 --> 00:42:14.999
mobilized to help the victim
regain control of her life
00:42:15.000 --> 00:42:19.999
and that simply did… didn’t and couldn’t
00:42:20.000 --> 00:42:24.999
happen in this case because Miss
Mary had to go as John said
00:42:25.000 --> 00:42:29.999
to the place of her greatest nightmare to a
nursing home and it’s a very good nursing home
00:42:30.000 --> 00:42:34.999
and they have taken great care of her, but it is a
nursing home. She hasn’t shows in to live there.
00:42:35.000 --> 00:42:39.999
She didn’t even have the opportunity
to choose the nursing home and
00:42:40.000 --> 00:42:44.999
so she had no control of her where she lives
then, people are still doing things to her body
00:42:45.000 --> 00:42:49.999
in care giving her that
are not of her choice
00:42:50.000 --> 00:42:54.999
and that has been a huge complication
in her long term healing from it.
00:42:55.000 --> 00:42:59.999
She has done very well and she has
healed emotionally and physically
00:43:00.000 --> 00:43:04.999
far beyond what I ever believe she could,
00:43:05.000 --> 00:43:09.999
but there is that chronic
inability to regain
00:43:10.000 --> 00:43:14.999
control of her life and her body that I
think for me has been one of the most
00:43:15.000 --> 00:43:20.000
painful things to
participated in, in a case.
00:43:35.000 --> 00:43:39.999
Pretty much right from the beginning
00:43:40.000 --> 00:43:44.999
umm… Mary wanted to see the photos that were
taken of her and it was a very important for her
00:43:45.000 --> 00:43:49.999
to not only see them, but she wanted a copy.
And all my time of being an advocate,
00:43:50.000 --> 00:43:54.999
nobody had ever wanted to see their pictures and I’m
sure Nanci will speak to her experience with that,
00:43:55.000 --> 00:43:59.999
but if they looked at their pictures,
it was just a onetime very quickly
00:44:00.000 --> 00:44:04.999
leaping through. And for Mary, it
seemed more like a validation for her.
00:44:05.000 --> 00:44:09.999
I think the whole situation was so
shocking in that first week I saw her
00:44:10.000 --> 00:44:14.999
everyday in the hospital, she was
in peer shock that… that first week
00:44:15.000 --> 00:44:19.999
and so for her, I think after time and gone by
and looking at those pictures, she was like,
00:44:20.000 --> 00:44:24.999
yes, this really happened to me. I’m not making this
up, especially because the family was so insistent
00:44:25.000 --> 00:44:29.999
that this should not happen, that… that really
helped her to realize that it did happen.
00:44:30.000 --> 00:44:34.999
One day I was visiting Mary and
00:44:35.000 --> 00:44:39.999
she said, you know, I would like… \"I want
a scrapbook. Will you get a scrapbook?\"
00:44:40.000 --> 00:44:44.999
And I said, \"Well, sure, what do you…
You know what kind of scrapbook?
00:44:45.000 --> 00:44:49.999
What you wanted for ‘cause I didn’t know what
size to get and whatever.\" And she said,
00:44:50.000 --> 00:44:54.999
\"Well, I want to put all the
pictures umm… and these are
00:44:55.000 --> 00:44:59.999
all the pictures of the crime
scene and the pictures
00:45:00.000 --> 00:45:04.999
that were taken of her injuries
the night of the assault
00:45:05.000 --> 00:45:09.999
and she want… She said,
\"I want to put all those
00:45:10.000 --> 00:45:14.999
in a scrapbook chronologically
in order and then I want to put
00:45:15.000 --> 00:45:19.999
all my papers in there.\" And
the… the papers are things like
00:45:20.000 --> 00:45:24.999
umm… at the trial, Kristy wrote down
00:45:25.000 --> 00:45:29.999
what the senate saying… What the…
Or rather at the senate saying,
00:45:30.000 --> 00:45:34.999
what each count… What the senate’s for
each count was and Kristy had written it
00:45:35.000 --> 00:45:39.999
in very large letters on a
scrap… on just a scrap of paper
00:45:40.000 --> 00:45:44.999
and Mary had kept that, she wanted that
in the scrapbook and I think she may have
00:45:45.000 --> 00:45:49.999
her official subpoena and some of
the other court papers in there.
00:45:50.000 --> 00:45:54.999
And after that visit then I went out
and sat in my car, it’s like kind of
00:45:55.000 --> 00:45:59.999
held it together when I was with Mary,
but I sat in my car and I went,
00:46:00.000 --> 00:46:04.999
I can’t believe that this is
what she wants a scrapbook of
00:46:05.000 --> 00:46:09.999
and I sat and just thought and thought
00:46:10.000 --> 00:46:14.999
and thought about sort of the
(inaudible) of it because
00:46:15.000 --> 00:46:19.999
I’ve been an advocate for many… many years and
it’s a kind of hard to surprise me at this point,
00:46:20.000 --> 00:46:24.999
but this was a new thing for me,
00:46:25.000 --> 00:46:29.999
absolutely new thing for
me and I didn’t, you know,
00:46:30.000 --> 00:46:34.999
I didn’t really figured it out that
day, but my job is to see to it…
00:46:35.000 --> 00:46:39.999
As an advocate, my job is
to try to get my client
00:46:40.000 --> 00:46:44.999
what she wants, basically.
I came to realized
00:46:45.000 --> 00:46:49.999
that Mary’s creation of that album
and her possession of that album
00:46:50.000 --> 00:46:54.999
has really been her way of gaining
00:46:55.000 --> 00:46:59.999
mastery over the experience
and every victim has to find
00:47:00.000 --> 00:47:04.999
some way to gain mastery.
00:47:05.000 --> 00:47:09.999
Mary has been through not
only a sexual assault
00:47:10.000 --> 00:47:14.999
and a very violent attack
during which she experienced
00:47:15.000 --> 00:47:19.999
the utter power listeners of a victim,
00:47:20.000 --> 00:47:24.999
but unfortunately,
00:47:25.000 --> 00:47:29.999
and unlike many victims, her loss of
00:47:30.000 --> 00:47:34.999
powering control of her
life and over her body
00:47:35.000 --> 00:47:39.999
or for the rest of her life, not just during
the attack, but she will never regain that
00:47:40.000 --> 00:47:44.999
because of her injuries,
00:47:45.000 --> 00:47:49.999
because of the permanent
damage and affect on her body
00:47:50.000 --> 00:47:54.999
due to her advanced age and
her chronic emphysema,
00:47:55.000 --> 00:47:59.999
she will never regain control of her body.
00:48:00.000 --> 00:48:04.999
She will never get to choose where she
lives, so she has an extreme need
00:48:05.000 --> 00:48:09.999
to find a way to control
what has happened to her
00:48:10.000 --> 00:48:14.999
and I think by putting
it in that album it’s…
00:48:15.000 --> 00:48:19.999
it’s in a place where she can choose
00:48:20.000 --> 00:48:24.999
to take it out and look at it
or put it away and I think
00:48:25.000 --> 00:48:30.000
thereby she has gained
mastery of the experience.
Distributor: Terra Nova Films
Length: 28 minutes
Date: 2012
Genre: Expository
Language: English
Color/BW:
Closed Captioning: Available
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