WEBVTT

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[music]

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[sil.]

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[music]

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[music]

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Deep within the ancient rain forests,

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on the island of Borneo live a
tribe of nomads called the Penan.

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Hunting for wild (inaudible) game with
their blowpipes and poison darts.

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They follow the seasons of the ripe
forests fruits. The jungle is their home,

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a culture, a livelihood, their
inspiration, and their religion,

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the dwelling place of the forest’s
spirits and sacred graves.

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They say this land belongs to the
countless numbers who have died,

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a few who are living and the
multitudes of us yet to be born.

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[sil.]

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The Penan are shy, gentle
people who avoid the sun

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and move through the forest like swift in
elusive (inaudible), always ready to vanish

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without a trace at the smallest alarm. There have
never been headhunters like other Borneo tribes

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and have survived by helping each other in
their daily needs and in times of trouble.

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They believe that the forests,
the earth, the rivers,

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the stones, every living thing has a
soul and an existence of its own.

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They call this belief a (inaudible), which is the
balance and harmony each person keeps with all things.

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Nature is the creator and they are
the caretakers of the forest.

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If they neglect to keep their
(inaudible), then trouble will come.

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There are some Penans the missionaries
have found and some that they have not,

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but regardless of Christian influence,
they believe that if you lie,

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you won’t go to the paradise.

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These nomads live in small family groups.
They neither read nor write

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nor reckon the time. They have no
money and no possessions except

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what can be carried on their backs. It has
been said that that dirty, uncultured people

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who live in the jungle like pigs,
the children coughing around.

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It is also being said that they’re really
beautiful people with skin like silk

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and everything they get they share. Their
children like princes and princesses.

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This is what Bruno Manser, a Swiss
mountain man, had heard about the Penan

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when he arrived in Sarawak, a Malaysia in
state of Borneo, in search of an adventure

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that most of us could only dream about.

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We too came to these remote mountain forests
to meet with the nomads and Bruno Manser.

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Finally, after many weeks of travel,
they’re on a steep hillside, a little away

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from Penan village, we found
Bruno, a curious man,

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an adventurer, philosopher,
writer, illustrator,

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an amateur anthropologist.
Some people say he’s a naive

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idealist from the ‘60s. Some say
he should go home. Some say

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he’s the saint. If not for Bruno,
it is unlikely that the story

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you’re about to hear would be told. He’s been
to the Penan window for their experience

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and a shoulder for their sorrow. I
asked him once, \"Bruno, maybe before

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you had a past life as a Penan.\"
He looked up his quizzical look

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and said, \"Maybe before I had
a past life as a Swiss.\"

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[music]

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I have already been living (inaudible)

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with the intention to meet
the Penan tribes in Borneo

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and to join the life for a couple of years.

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I’ve been walking alone

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and after 10 days walk, I reached
Penan in the (inaudible).

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There have just been two families.
And they have been

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very shy and anxious, and then I just

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put my hand (inaudible) and
said, \"I am from there.

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My name is Bruno.\" And that’s all I could say in
Penan language. Of course, at first, they thought

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I would be a headhunter, something
like this. But then after some

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two, three, four weeks, then we got

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a bit used together.

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[sil.]

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They look, of course, to all the
white people as they look to them up

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that I’m joining their poor life without
salt, without drive, without sugar,

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without anything, and that they’re also
heard with them, and that they also

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are hungry with them.

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And have you found it hard yourself?
I have been suffering

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up to now to get used
of this style of life.

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[sil.]

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(inaudible) were new for me.
I had to get used of it

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and to all the food. It was my
first I eat I eat (inaudible)

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and whatever. But they
have already be living far

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from towns up into mountains as a (inaudible)
the last six years when I came here.

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[music]

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I did not know about their
problems about (inaudible) before

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I came here. For me, it was
question of experience.

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Well, there have been reports
in Malaysian newspaper

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which turn a bit away from the truth for

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it was just a big noise with
headlines about (inaudible),

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about the short-time hero living
in these jungles of Sarawak,

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cheating the Penan’s wants,

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gets to be here who even the Penans would

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carry him around when he is tired

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and such bullshit. But this reports

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didn’t pointed all the matter of fact
that these last primary jungles here

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are getting locked from civilized,

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already was situated,
people with good education

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against the wheel of these
last nomadic people

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which just know their language, who just
know about hunting and working (inaudible).

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And this lobbying will cause

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the end of the whole culture
and of the style of life.

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[non-English narration]

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He says, \"Well, the Company

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and these grounds may be four,
five, or six years ago.

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And this makes our life hard for,
we take water from the river,

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we take our fish from the river.
We find all of our food,

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we find in the jungle. And this is all
going to destroy, the water is dirty.

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The wild boars and wild game

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is fleeing always (inaudible)
killed by the longest.

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And we all now like fish
thrown on the land.

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The jungle is like all the
trees, they are like our home,

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like our house, even the
(inaudible) trees, we need them.

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But now, some, few of us,

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they follow the company, they get
corrupted. The company knows

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to make (inaudible) to their mouth.
But most of us,

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we don’t eat dollars. We eat the
heart of the pond (inaudible),

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we eat the wild boar, we eat (inaudible).
Of course,

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when see our lands getting destroyed and hear
the noise of (inaudible) destroying our land,

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how can we not be sad

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and angry?\"

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Of course, they look at it as an
injustice, but they know that

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their fathers and grandfathers have
been living here, and they don’t know

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their reply, for instance,
when they’re angry,

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\"Why? Why do you…don’t you

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listen to us?\" If you come to join

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our woods, then you should also allow
us to go downriver to your shops

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and just take. And then you shouldn’t
punish us for that’s what you are doing

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with our lands.\"

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[non-English narration]

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And then his friend says, \"Yeah, now we are

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if I use a picture, we are like a child

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in the empty hat.

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And a child, it doesn’t know
to look for food himself.

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So that’s how we look at
you, you the white men

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or whoever from outside,
we look at you like father

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and a mother who can help the child

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who does not know to look. We don’t know
anywhere what help you can bring us,

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we have to take it.

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The old style, the old tradition, all of us,
we knew, and we say, ‘We had a good life.’

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We could dance, and we could sing, but now,

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the style from now, we don’t know
that style. We are not used to it.

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And we don’t say we have it easy.\"

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[non-English narration]

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[music]

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Penan has not this
consciousness, like maybe…

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Like people from modern world
which see… It’s a different,

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it’s a different way.
Like the tribal people,

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they are still near nature and stay,

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what they do is to be like in civilization,

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(inaudible) be has transformed
in just to half. We have to…

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to show who we are with what
kind of things we have maybe

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with titles or without
possess, and this falls away

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was the Penan’s very natural. Of
course, now maybe also he buys

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a watch and can show something from outside

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or he’s better than others.

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But in fact, what’s, to me,
attracts is this naturality.

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He goes and hunts for wild boar.
If he doesn’t get one,

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he won’t be angry, but then he will
go the next day and when he gets one,

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and he will carry it back,
and he will e really tired,

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but then he takes out his flute.
And then after me,

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he will play flute and will be
happy with just life is to him.

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[sil.]

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There are around 50

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nomadic, fully nomadic families
with about 200 members.

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And they are altogether,
maybe, over 600 Penans

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together with (inaudible), 650 around.

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Now 651 including yourself.
Well, the Penans

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already call me by name, (inaudible)
Lucky Penan, which means Penan man

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for I have somehow adapted
to their style of life

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and I’m a brother of them or their friend.

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[non-English narration]

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[sil.]

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What’s most impressing this is

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just social contexts in which
they live, that they share

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everything they get in the jungle.
And is something

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I myself I get shy when I think
about our civilized people,

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how we share what we get, we are
really a bit egoist and the Penan,

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I have really big respect for them.
That’s something I have to learn.

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[sil.]

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[music]

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Bruno, I know these men had
children and grandchildren,

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could you please ask them what
the future holds for them?

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[non-English narration]

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\"Yeah, that’s exactly what makes our
hearts feel sad, for we think about

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our children and about our
grandchildren, from what they will learn

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when all the (inaudible) are killed
and all the animals are killed,

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from what will they live? So that’s
the reason why we don’t like

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our land to be destroyed for us. There’s
still some food, but if the companies

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don’t stop work, so we don’t
eat, maybe we’ll all die.\"

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[non-English narration]

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[music]

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And these are probably the
last hunters and gatherers

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in Sarawak, you said in Borneo and how long do you think
they have it the logging goes ahead it this rate?

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Maybe five, six years,

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this area here will be logged from all the sides.
It’s not far, long, there may be 10 years.

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I don’t think that it will be for 10 years,
maybe five, six years area can be logged.

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And then what happens to Penan?
Of course, they get civilsized.

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Well, how do you spell? Civilsized.
Civilized.

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And they move to where?
They have no possibility

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to move anywhere again. That’s the way
off the nomadic tribes in the past.

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The companies coming, then they’re all going
to another place, but now the companies are

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like in scissors, they all like

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between they can’t go to any other place
whether it’s still primary jangle.

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[non-English narration]

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Timber is big business in Sarawak.

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And nowhere in the world are the forest
disappearing so fast. In the last decade,

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Malaysias earned over $10 billion
from its Sarawak logging operation

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and is the world’s largest
exporter of tropical hardwoods.

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The Penan hear the chainsaws
day in and day out

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and are desperate as they watch their food
trees fall. They are already into the heart

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of the lost paradise from
two sides says Bruno.

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The Penan men related a
story of a logging manager.

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He tried to give him $100 note as compensation
for the destruction of the (inaudible) parents.

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I told him that dead or alive,
our bodies were not for sale

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and pleaded with him that if they had so much
money already, to please leave our land alone.

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But he just laughed and said, \"Take
this money or you’ll get nothing.\"

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The Penan have asked the government for help,
but have received only empty promises,

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and now the logging companies
even threaten the Penan.

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The company, they went to the Penans and told
them, \"At day light, I work on my tractor,

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but at night, I come to your settlement
and I will kill your children.\"

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To threaten them, or the
manager in another example,

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threatens them. He said,
\" I will call tailed man

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which you (inaudible)
with poison (inaudible)

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to help me if you want
to block us and stay,

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we’ll kill and eat you.\" So
that’s the way the company

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reacts on this peaceful race

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which just are affected by logging
and doesn’t see any way to stop it.

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They try it in peace,
nobody’s listening to them.

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They go and talk to the manager or
to the government representatives,

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nobody’s listening to them.

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[music]

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Sarawak’s virgin forests are disappearing at double
the rate of destruction of the forests of the Amazon.

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The timber taken from the lands of tribal
people ends up in the homes around the world

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as building materials, furniture, packing
places, and even disposable chopsticks.

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Licenses to cut timber are owned
by a small group of powerful elite

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and prominent politicians.
They’re sold for contract

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or give licenses away to relatives and friends
for presence and political favors or to bankroll

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expensive election campaigns. The
same licenses are being sold

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and resold for millions
of dollars of profit.

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[music]

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The forests are logged at the rate
of 270,000 hectares each year,

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and then trucked off to the coast to
be shipped to the timber-hungry world.

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Buyers, mostly Japanese, inspect the
catalogs and only take selected species.

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The ones they don’t want wait
in past to be (inaudible)

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next year for a cheaper price.
The rest are mostly left to rot.

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[music]

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[sil.]

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I like the tribes here, I mean,

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it’s somehow out of their experience. They had
been living in peace for hundreds of years.

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And they are not really poor as long as

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the jungle stays as it is as mother nature.

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They will have enough food and when they have
enough food, they are like in the paradise.

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[sil.]

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This little girl, it’s a native girl and doesn’t
know to write and to read and anything,

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but I tell you one thing, this
little girl has more ethic,

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is richer in spirit than a lot

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of these managers of logging companies
or even high government representatives.

00:28:10.000 --> 00:28:14.999
This little girl, it cares around

00:28:15.000 --> 00:28:19.999
his brothers and already knows
to make baskets. She’s going

00:28:20.000 --> 00:28:24.999
and pick up firewood. When
I want to kill the monkey

00:28:25.000 --> 00:28:29.999
which has beaten her, like a pet monkey,

00:28:30.000 --> 00:28:34.999
she’s, \"Don’t, don’t kill him by
blowpipe.\" For she has heart,

00:28:35.000 --> 00:28:39.999
although she’s hurt and the blood is
running, still heart for the monkey. Really,

00:28:40.000 --> 00:28:44.999
I can weep when I think about
these bloody, stupid natives

00:28:45.000 --> 00:28:49.999
as they are called by other people. And
when I look at the civilized people

00:28:50.000 --> 00:28:54.999
and look at their way, they trading
on the natives, I could weep.

00:28:55.000 --> 00:29:03.000
[sil.]

00:29:10.000 --> 00:29:14.999
Myself, well, myself also,

00:29:15.000 --> 00:29:19.999
I can walk, and then my
leg hurts or whatever.

00:29:20.000 --> 00:29:24.999
And then I want to curse, and then
it’s raining and all the leeches

00:29:25.000 --> 00:29:29.999
or whatever, and then you
ask what (inaudible)

00:29:30.000 --> 00:29:34.999
and then maybe you see a beautiful mushroom

00:29:35.000 --> 00:29:39.999
or whatever, and then you already
know that’s already enough,

00:29:40.000 --> 00:29:44.999
that’s your wages, and this makes you (inaudible)
happy. And this is just a little thing.

00:29:45.000 --> 00:29:49.999
(inaudible) these mountains, you find
little crystal or the hat of a snail,

00:29:50.000 --> 00:29:54.999
and this already makes you
happy, while other people say,

00:29:55.000 --> 00:29:59.999
\"Crazy people, they look for snail
hats or they look for little crystal

00:30:00.000 --> 00:30:04.999
or a nice pebble in the
water, and he’s happy\"

00:30:05.000 --> 00:30:09.999
Of course, for I’m maybe
a bit too extremist.

00:30:10.000 --> 00:30:14.999
You know, I mean the… Who said it?

00:30:15.000 --> 00:30:19.999
Minister of Environment, he also
pointed to me as a crazy man,

00:30:20.000 --> 00:30:24.999
but then I had to just to reply.
If the politicians here

00:30:25.000 --> 00:30:29.999
and those bosses of the companies,

00:30:30.000 --> 00:30:34.999
if they show the way of life,
then I prefer to be crazy as I am

00:30:35.000 --> 00:30:39.999
than to follow their style.

00:30:40.000 --> 00:30:44.999
[music]

00:30:45.000 --> 00:30:49.999
What started for Bruno as a
life experience has turned into

00:30:50.000 --> 00:30:54.999
a very dangerous situation. Bruno has
become one with the plight of the Penan

00:30:55.000 --> 00:30:59.999
and has spoken to journalists from the outside
world whenever he’s had the opportunity.

00:31:00.000 --> 00:31:04.999
He’s accused by the government
of inciting the Penans to fight

00:31:05.000 --> 00:31:09.999
the logging companies when in actual fact there have been
clashes between the Penans and the logging companies

00:31:10.000 --> 00:31:14.999
well before Bruno arrived. The
Sarawak officials have denounced him

00:31:15.000 --> 00:31:19.999
as a communist and a Zionist. One
day, while Bruno was attending

00:31:20.000 --> 00:31:24.999
a gathering, he was questioned by an
off-duty policeman. He thought it

00:31:25.000 --> 00:31:29.999
rather strange that a European was
dressed as a Penan. He found that Bruno

00:31:30.000 --> 00:31:34.999
had no valid entry visa and asked him
to come to the nearest large town.

00:31:35.000 --> 00:31:39.999
On the journey downriver, Bruno escaped by diving
into a deep ravine and running off through the jungle

00:31:40.000 --> 00:31:44.999
as they fired warning shots over his head.
And of course, if they really would

00:31:45.000 --> 00:31:49.999
have liked to kill me, I would already…
They could have burned some holes

00:31:50.000 --> 00:31:54.999
into my back, no problem.

00:31:55.000 --> 00:31:59.999
At last, when they had left and
confiscating my main work, like my studies,

00:32:00.000 --> 00:32:04.999
maybe around 300 pages with drawings
and writings and my notebooks,

00:32:05.000 --> 00:32:09.999
my Penan dictionary
around 3,000 expression,

00:32:10.000 --> 00:32:14.999
and that they also, afterwards, they
confiscated my whole jungle gear,

00:32:15.000 --> 00:32:19.999
my (inaudible), my pants, my fishing nets.

00:32:20.000 --> 00:32:24.999
This is to say if I would put
them, if I would force them

00:32:25.000 --> 00:32:29.999
to live in these jungles like my own,
I think they would already have died.

00:32:30.000 --> 00:32:38.000
[music]

00:34:00.000 --> 00:34:04.999
Now they’re driving on
these logging roads far,

00:34:05.000 --> 00:34:09.999
deep into the Penan lands.
It’s nearly every valley now

00:34:10.000 --> 00:34:14.999
for the company to have a lot of different
roads where they are driving on,

00:34:15.000 --> 00:34:19.999
So, these roads which are like disease

00:34:20.000 --> 00:34:24.999
enter into the jungle, up to the spring,

00:34:25.000 --> 00:34:29.999
and in the steep (inaudible) of course,

00:34:30.000 --> 00:34:34.999
a really a lot of erosion. (inaudible)
all these grains, so it’s always

00:34:35.000 --> 00:34:39.999
falling down again, and they get some of
those erosions, they can have 200, 300,

00:34:40.000 --> 00:34:44.999
or 400 meters long back
from the roads down rivers.

00:34:45.000 --> 00:34:49.999
So the (inaudible), some
of the most-demanded fish,

00:34:50.000 --> 00:34:54.999
some of them die. They cannot
survive in dirty water.

00:34:55.000 --> 00:34:59.999
The road is the beginning of the
end not only for the jungle

00:35:00.000 --> 00:35:04.999
but for all its inhabitants and
their culture which causes the end

00:35:05.000 --> 00:35:09.999
of their culture and of the paradise.

00:35:10.000 --> 00:35:18.000
[music]

00:35:55.000 --> 00:36:03.000
[non-English narration]

00:36:05.000 --> 00:36:09.999
\"Was in one year or in the next year
if the company cannot be stopped,

00:36:10.000 --> 00:36:14.999
it will be too late. Even not one year,
maybe three months if the company

00:36:15.000 --> 00:36:19.999
really drives on the logging roads.
You walk on foot.

00:36:20.000 --> 00:36:24.999
Within one week, you can
pass our whole land.

00:36:25.000 --> 00:36:29.999
It’s not a big land. But
if our land is destroyed,

00:36:30.000 --> 00:36:34.999
that’s like out death.\"

00:36:35.000 --> 00:36:39.999
[sil.]

00:36:40.000 --> 00:36:44.999
Of course, government is now trying
to educate the Penan, to get settled,

00:36:45.000 --> 00:36:49.999
to bring up cattle may be I
heard about (inaudible).

00:36:50.000 --> 00:36:54.999
The Penans have to starve the nomads if
they don’t settle down, if the region

00:36:55.000 --> 00:36:59.999
is getting logged. Even if they
settled down, will they be happy?

00:37:00.000 --> 00:37:04.999
Look at Penans here, are they happy?
Go too (inaudible), are they happy?

00:37:05.000 --> 00:37:09.999
They have a rotten hat,
just some old holy tins

00:37:10.000 --> 00:37:14.999
as roofs. They have some
bounded (inaudible),

00:37:15.000 --> 00:37:19.999
how do you say? (inaudible),
which they company in any case

00:37:20.000 --> 00:37:24.999
has no use of and their jungle
all empty of wild boar,

00:37:25.000 --> 00:37:29.999
they are empty of wild game and
their (inaudible) already…

00:37:30.000 --> 00:37:34.999
How do you say? (inaudible).

00:37:35.000 --> 00:37:39.999
And so all the Penan tribes
surround here, also those

00:37:40.000 --> 00:37:44.999
which are already settled, they
also depend on the jungles.

00:37:45.000 --> 00:37:49.999
The shifting cultivation
doesn’t give them enough.

00:37:50.000 --> 00:37:54.999
[music]

00:37:55.000 --> 00:37:59.999
The promise of a better way
of life if they settled down

00:38:00.000 --> 00:38:04.999
has been a bitter disappointment
for most Penan. They have at best

00:38:05.000 --> 00:38:09.999
received only the crumbs of the supposed
benefits of so-called development.

00:38:10.000 --> 00:38:14.999
Out of a group of 4,000 tribal children
studied for protein deficiency,

00:38:15.000 --> 00:38:19.999
92.3% of Penan children under nine

00:38:20.000 --> 00:38:24.999
were found to be suffering
moderate to severe malnutrition.

00:38:25.000 --> 00:38:29.999
This ranks amongst the worst of any country
in the world. A third of all native people

00:38:30.000 --> 00:38:34.999
are facing a shortage of food, a few
can read, most have no electricity

00:38:35.000 --> 00:38:39.999
or clean running water and live
on the baseline of existence.

00:38:40.000 --> 00:38:44.999
They’re heart sick and broken in spirit and
yearn for the old life that has come to an end

00:38:45.000 --> 00:38:49.999
and wondering why.

00:38:50.000 --> 00:38:54.999
This is the longhouse at (inaudible).

00:38:55.000 --> 00:38:59.999
A few Penans settled here and began to farm rise, and
the men still try and haunting the logged forest.

00:39:00.000 --> 00:39:04.999
While we were there, the hunters returned
to the (inaudible) after three days

00:39:05.000 --> 00:39:09.999
trying to find game. They had one
barking deer the size of a small dog

00:39:10.000 --> 00:39:14.999
which had to go around the whole tribe.
Hello, good to see you.

00:39:15.000 --> 00:39:19.999
How many people are living here now?

00:39:20.000 --> 00:39:24.999
[non-English narration]

00:39:25.000 --> 00:39:29.999
There are 13 families
here in this (inaudible).

00:39:30.000 --> 00:39:34.999
How is your livelihood here? Is it still

00:39:35.000 --> 00:39:39.999
as easy to find your food to survive?

00:39:40.000 --> 00:39:44.999
Before it used to be easy to look for food.

00:39:45.000 --> 00:39:49.999
But now it is very difficult since the companies
have come to log the forest around our settlement.

00:39:50.000 --> 00:39:54.999
Have you spoken to any government
officials regarding your problems here?

00:39:55.000 --> 00:39:59.999
[non-English narration]

00:40:00.000 --> 00:40:04.999
I’ve spoken to many people including
the former state secretary,

00:40:05.000 --> 00:40:09.999
the resident at the fourth
division and the district officer.

00:40:10.000 --> 00:40:14.999
What was their reply

00:40:15.000 --> 00:40:19.999
to you when you informed
them of your problem?

00:40:20.000 --> 00:40:24.999
They made a lot of promises,

00:40:25.000 --> 00:40:29.999
but so far, there is nothing which is being
done by them about our problems here.

00:40:30.000 --> 00:40:34.999
[non-English narration]

00:40:35.000 --> 00:40:39.999
What typically did they promise to
do for you about your problems?

00:40:40.000 --> 00:40:44.999
What they promised was that
they would build us new house

00:40:45.000 --> 00:40:49.999
and do a lot of projects for us to
improve our livelihood, But so far,

00:40:50.000 --> 00:40:54.999
even these things have not being done.
What did they promise

00:40:55.000 --> 00:40:59.999
about your land? They said they
will do something to give us land.

00:41:00.000 --> 00:41:04.999
We’ve even returned to them and asked them to make an
official confirmation that they never replied to our letter.

00:41:05.000 --> 00:41:09.999
So what do you feel now that
despite the promises made to you,

00:41:10.000 --> 00:41:14.999
they still have not done
anything about those promises?

00:41:15.000 --> 00:41:19.999
[non-English narration]

00:41:20.000 --> 00:41:24.999
I’m still very confused about
what would be our future

00:41:25.000 --> 00:41:29.999
because they continue
to ignore us like this.

00:41:30.000 --> 00:41:34.999
You’re Penan here, you own the land,

00:41:35.000 --> 00:41:39.999
but they disregard your rights as traditional
owners, what do you say about this?

00:41:40.000 --> 00:41:44.999
I feel very bitter about it,

00:41:45.000 --> 00:41:49.999
especially when you see the state of our
house and you look around the devastation

00:41:50.000 --> 00:41:54.999
of our land now. All our rivers are
polluted, so how can we get the fish

00:41:55.000 --> 00:41:59.999
from the rivers now. There’s no
other thing. We only need land

00:42:00.000 --> 00:42:04.999
so that we can continue to survive.
That’s what we always tell them.

00:42:05.000 --> 00:42:13.000
[music]

00:42:15.000 --> 00:42:19.999
Penan are very bitter and disappointed
over the lack of hope they’ve received.

00:42:20.000 --> 00:42:24.999
The ones who’ve given up the first
life to settle down has still found

00:42:25.000 --> 00:42:29.999
the company ending up at their backdoor.
They should’ve asked visitors.

00:42:30.000 --> 00:42:34.999
That’s what visitors would normally do,
but they just come and steal our lands,

00:42:35.000 --> 00:42:39.999
and we are illiterate, and we don’t know what to
do to even get compensation for our damaged crops.

00:42:40.000 --> 00:42:44.999
And at best, compensation
is being small on the form

00:42:45.000 --> 00:42:49.999
of token handouts. When the
Malaysians came to power

00:42:50.000 --> 00:42:54.999
in 1963, they used
existing British land laws

00:42:55.000 --> 00:42:59.999
which they altered (inaudible) to the extent that
very few tribal people have customary land rights

00:43:00.000 --> 00:43:04.999
to their own lands. These riots
where they do exist can be revoked

00:43:05.000 --> 00:43:09.999
at any time by the government
and revert to the state.

00:43:10.000 --> 00:43:14.999
Publication of the minister’s decision is
announced in the gazette, and six weeks after

00:43:15.000 --> 00:43:19.999
this notification, native customary
rights automatically ceased to exist.

00:43:20.000 --> 00:43:24.999
In most places, tribal people who
cannot read or write and live far away

00:43:25.000 --> 00:43:29.999
aren’t even aware of the loss.
For the few native people

00:43:30.000 --> 00:43:34.999
who can afford to fight the logging companies
in court, the case takes 12 to 13 years to come

00:43:35.000 --> 00:43:39.999
before the challenge. And in the meantime,
the forests are destroyed causing suffering

00:43:40.000 --> 00:43:44.999
and ending in the tribal people
becoming landless in their own land.

00:43:45.000 --> 00:43:49.999
[music]

00:43:50.000 --> 00:43:54.999
Their self-respect beaten, their
families sick, their children growing up

00:43:55.000 --> 00:43:59.999
with not enough land to go around, they
fondly head for the towns only to end up

00:44:00.000 --> 00:44:04.999
as the poor, the forgotten, and
the dispossessed. The lucky few

00:44:05.000 --> 00:44:09.999
become office boys and clerks, the
women, mostly bar girls and prostitutes.

00:44:10.000 --> 00:44:14.999
[music]

00:44:15.000 --> 00:44:19.999
[sil.]

00:44:20.000 --> 00:44:24.999
This has long begun where 300
Penan have settled for 20 years.

00:44:25.000 --> 00:44:29.999
Their forests too have been logged. Their
orchards property and ancestral graves,

00:44:30.000 --> 00:44:34.999
all destroyed. Some of them work for
the company with wages that are so low

00:44:35.000 --> 00:44:39.999
that they’re running to date at the
company store. On our arrival,

00:44:40.000 --> 00:44:44.999
they held a meeting to
tell us their problems.

00:44:45.000 --> 00:44:49.999
What do you feel about the
presence of the company here?

00:44:50.000 --> 00:44:58.000
[non-English narration]

00:45:00.000 --> 00:45:04.999
I’ve been here since long before we first

00:45:05.000 --> 00:45:09.999
even came in contact with any government. In all that time,
we could just go a short way and find animals and fish.

00:45:10.000 --> 00:45:14.999
But now, if you look at the
stream nearby, we cannot use

00:45:15.000 --> 00:45:19.999
that water anymore. Many of our children
have experienced stomach sickness

00:45:20.000 --> 00:45:24.999
and suffered from skin diseases
caused from the polluted water.

00:45:25.000 --> 00:45:29.999
Before all this started, the government us well,
but now with the presence of the company,

00:45:30.000 --> 00:45:34.999
it causes a lot of problems that we never
had before. We really dislike the company

00:45:35.000 --> 00:45:39.999
and don’t want them to be here. I really dislike
the company and don’t want them to be here.

00:45:40.000 --> 00:45:44.999
As you can see, here is
the life of us Penans,

00:45:45.000 --> 00:45:49.999
all our products come from the forest.
Our things made from (inaudible)

00:45:50.000 --> 00:45:54.999
like this (inaudible). With these
things, we could also earn some money.

00:45:55.000 --> 00:45:59.999
The government would give us money for
our baskets and mats and jungle goods,

00:46:00.000 --> 00:46:04.999
and we could buy pots and knives.
But now they (inaudible).

00:46:05.000 --> 00:46:09.999
There are no more of these things here.

00:46:10.000 --> 00:46:14.999
[non-English narration]

00:46:15.000 --> 00:46:19.999
As for me, and in my opinion,
how the outside people

00:46:20.000 --> 00:46:24.999
can assist us is to stop
buying the timbers.

00:46:25.000 --> 00:46:29.999
And for our part here, we will do something
to try and stop the companies from operating.

00:46:30.000 --> 00:46:34.999
When we do this, maybe the company
will have to stop logging.

00:46:35.000 --> 00:46:39.999
But the government did inform that the
company is coming to bring development.

00:46:40.000 --> 00:46:44.999
But in our opinion and our experience, what we
received is not development but destruction.

00:46:45.000 --> 00:46:53.000
[non-English narration]

00:46:55.000 --> 00:46:59.999
He says, \"As for me, what I
feel when I think about life

00:47:00.000 --> 00:47:04.999
and I think about problems is that we lived
well before but where is that life now?

00:47:05.000 --> 00:47:09.999
(inaudible) and all our
edible palms and trees

00:47:10.000 --> 00:47:14.999
that give us the poison for our darts, all
these are gone now, all the resources

00:47:15.000 --> 00:47:19.999
that we have here now are all
gone, they’re all bulldozed.

00:47:20.000 --> 00:47:24.999
Before when we first came in touch
with the government officials,

00:47:25.000 --> 00:47:29.999
we have been advised to go and settle near the
river banks so we can live in a long house

00:47:30.000 --> 00:47:34.999
in a community, and it will be easier
for us to be in community with others.

00:47:35.000 --> 00:47:39.999
Near to those with knowledge who could
slowly teach us to lead a better

00:47:40.000 --> 00:47:44.999
than what we were used to in the jungle.
But now we’re here. This is what we see.

00:47:45.000 --> 00:47:49.999
The company is coming here now and destroying
everything we have. They treat us very badly.

00:47:50.000 --> 00:47:54.999
And if they continue us like this and never
listen to what we say, then it’s something bad

00:47:55.000 --> 00:47:59.999
is going to happen, we are not to be blamed. We have
tried to talk with them. We have tried to discuss

00:48:00.000 --> 00:48:04.999
things with them, but
they never listen to us.

00:48:05.000 --> 00:48:09.999
[music]

00:48:10.000 --> 00:48:14.999
Between April and November, ‘87,

00:48:15.000 --> 00:48:19.999
over 600 people in the Baram and Limbang
regions erected blockades across their lands.

00:48:20.000 --> 00:48:24.999
The settled Penans joined the nomads and
some (inaudible) and Kelabit communities

00:48:25.000 --> 00:48:29.999
also joined them. They said, \"The
logging companies behave like thieves

00:48:30.000 --> 00:48:34.999
and treat us like dogs. Our patience has
ended. Politicians call us animals,

00:48:35.000 --> 00:48:39.999
but we are fighting for our very lives.
We have nothing more to lose.\"

00:48:40.000 --> 00:48:44.999
They threw up the barricades across strategic
logging roads and issued dark warnings

00:48:45.000 --> 00:48:49.999
about the accuracy of their blow pipes
and how silently fatal they could be

00:48:50.000 --> 00:48:54.999
if anyone was foolish enough
to destroy their trees.

00:48:55.000 --> 00:48:59.999
The logging companies stopped.
Next police, paramilitary,

00:49:00.000 --> 00:49:04.999
company officials came in land
cruisers and helicopters to negotiate.

00:49:05.000 --> 00:49:09.999
In one incident, Dennis Long,
Limbang forest officer,

00:49:10.000 --> 00:49:14.999
arrived with his helicopter and stepped
down with a priest and a Bible saying,

00:49:15.000 --> 00:49:19.999
\"Let us pray, dear Lord, we are all
brothers in your name. Please soften hearts

00:49:20.000 --> 00:49:24.999
the Penan that they open the blockade and
don’t get lost on the Christian way.

00:49:25.000 --> 00:49:29.999
Amen. \" And then a Panen
man replied, \" Yes, God,

00:49:30.000 --> 00:49:34.999
you created this earth and is it your will that
the people are stealing and destroying our land

00:49:35.000 --> 00:49:39.999
even without asking us. We are all
praying too. And if Dennis Long

00:49:40.000 --> 00:49:44.999
is lying and he too wants to steal
our land, then you will know him

00:49:45.000 --> 00:49:49.999
and you will punish him.\" And
so it went on for eight months.

00:49:50.000 --> 00:49:54.999
Finally, in November, 60 police arrived
at this particular blockade while the men

00:49:55.000 --> 00:49:59.999
were away hunting. They pointed
their M16s at women and children

00:50:00.000 --> 00:50:04.999
and burnt their huts and blockades to the ground.
The men returned to find their families terrified

00:50:05.000 --> 00:50:09.999
and they blockade over.

00:50:10.000 --> 00:50:14.999
[non-English narration]

00:50:15.000 --> 00:50:19.999
We came from far (inaudible), and
we had to walk how many days

00:50:20.000 --> 00:50:24.999
to go to the blockade. And when we arrived,

00:50:25.000 --> 00:50:29.999
the logging road that we have to walk
in the hot sunshine and our children,

00:50:30.000 --> 00:50:34.999
they sank in the mud like wild boar.
They sank in the mud

00:50:35.000 --> 00:50:39.999
of the (inaudible), and then stayed
there and had the poor life.

00:50:40.000 --> 00:50:44.999
But that’s why we want

00:50:45.000 --> 00:50:49.999
to fend our land for we think about
our children and our children.

00:50:50.000 --> 00:50:54.999
They don’t know anything.
They need support.

00:50:55.000 --> 00:50:59.999
[non-English narration]

00:51:00.000 --> 00:51:08.000
[sil.]

00:51:15.000 --> 00:51:23.000
[non-English narration]

00:51:25.000 --> 00:51:29.999
We have tried to bring the situation
to a better. We made the blockage.

00:51:30.000 --> 00:51:34.999
But we lost

00:51:35.000 --> 00:51:39.999
for police came and destroyed our blockade

00:51:40.000 --> 00:51:44.999
and burnt it down. The ashes been
standing by, we didn’t do anything.

00:51:45.000 --> 00:51:49.999
We could just look how they
destroyed our blockade.

00:51:50.000 --> 00:51:54.999
And now we got treated

00:51:55.000 --> 00:51:59.999
not like human beings but just like
short tail and long tail macaque.

00:52:00.000 --> 00:52:04.999
They don’t listen to us.

00:52:05.000 --> 00:52:09.999
We are afraid now. We are afraid.

00:52:10.000 --> 00:52:14.999
When we try to stop the company,
then we will be arrested.

00:52:15.000 --> 00:52:19.999
But we don’t have any ringgit,
we don’t have dollars,

00:52:20.000 --> 00:52:24.999
who will bring us out from jail? Who
will feed our women, our children

00:52:25.000 --> 00:52:29.999
when we are in jail?

00:52:30.000 --> 00:52:34.999
[non-English narration]

00:52:35.000 --> 00:52:39.999
\"Now when you ask about
jail and police, of course,

00:52:40.000 --> 00:52:44.999
we are afraid, \" she says,\"
for we don’t know their style,

00:52:45.000 --> 00:52:49.999
we don’t know their habit, we don’t know

00:52:50.000 --> 00:52:54.999
how they will treat and (inaudible)
going to threaten us, and we don’t know

00:52:55.000 --> 00:52:59.999
how far it’s true or whatever, we
are afraid for we don’t know.\"

00:53:00.000 --> 00:53:04.999
[non-English narration]

00:53:05.000 --> 00:53:09.999
Their spirit’s low, the Penans
now face fines of 6,000

00:53:10.000 --> 00:53:14.999
Malaysian dollars or two years
in jail if they blockade again.

00:53:15.000 --> 00:53:19.999
The police stay on in their lands protecting the logging
operators and commandos were on the lookout for Bruno.

00:53:20.000 --> 00:53:24.999
A Penan man says, \"Forest
workers shouldn’t be surprised

00:53:25.000 --> 00:53:29.999
if poison dart soon flying past their ears.
\"\" Soft water wears

00:53:30.000 --> 00:53:34.999
away the hearthstone,\" says Bruno. And still
talks to the (inaudible) non-violent change.

00:53:35.000 --> 00:53:39.999
And meanwhile, the police and logging companies
quite fistfuls of money of the Penans

00:53:40.000 --> 00:53:44.999
and 85,000 Malay has been offered
to say where Bruno is hiding.

00:53:45.000 --> 00:53:49.999
[sil.]

00:53:50.000 --> 00:53:54.999
Bruno, this business with
being made a security risk,

00:53:55.000 --> 00:53:59.999
you must realize that being a security
risk, it means that they could possibly

00:54:00.000 --> 00:54:04.999
take your life. They could
possibly shoot you.

00:54:05.000 --> 00:54:09.999
They have the legal right now to shoot you.

00:54:10.000 --> 00:54:14.999
Well, about life, I think, you know,

00:54:15.000 --> 00:54:19.999
I’m not afraid to die right now.
Every one of us

00:54:20.000 --> 00:54:24.999
has to die one day. And
if my time will come,

00:54:25.000 --> 00:54:29.999
so I have to accept it, but,
of course, I like my life.

00:54:30.000 --> 00:54:34.999
And as long as I can stay alive,
I will do my best to do it.

00:54:35.000 --> 00:54:39.999
But, of course, I hope that the
government here… If the government acts

00:54:40.000 --> 00:54:44.999
in this way, so the government, I
will say, is itself a criminal

00:54:45.000 --> 00:54:49.999
for I didn’t kill anybody,
I didn’t steal anything

00:54:50.000 --> 00:54:54.999
from anybody. I’ve just been
living somehow in peace

00:54:55.000 --> 00:54:59.999
and in agreement and in community with
your original tribes of this region.

00:55:00.000 --> 00:55:04.999
In fact, all these people
who disturb the peace,

00:55:05.000 --> 00:55:09.999
although they have government, they’re
all strangers to this region.

00:55:10.000 --> 00:55:14.999
This is what gives me somehow
the right to stay here.

00:55:15.000 --> 00:55:19.999
I mean, if the Penans tell
me, \"Oh, we don’t like

00:55:20.000 --> 00:55:24.999
you to stay here, go home.
We don’t like you.\"

00:55:25.000 --> 00:55:29.999
I will today, I would leave. I won’t stay.

00:55:30.000 --> 00:55:38.000
[sil.]

00:55:40.000 --> 00:55:48.000
[music]

00:55:55.000 --> 00:55:59.999
Bruno wrote us this letter shortly
before he finished the film,

00:56:00.000 --> 00:56:04.999
\"We from the modern world,
from Japan, USA, Europe,

00:56:05.000 --> 00:56:09.999
Australia are all responsible for the
destruction of the loss primary forest

00:56:10.000 --> 00:56:14.999
and the livelihood of its dwellers for
it is we who consume the tropical Timber

00:56:15.000 --> 00:56:19.999
and it is we who give loans and machinery
which makes the devastation possible.

00:56:20.000 --> 00:56:24.999
So it is we who have to find
a remedy for quick relief.

00:56:25.000 --> 00:56:29.999
Worldwide protests are needed
demanding an immediate stop

00:56:30.000 --> 00:56:34.999
to the logging in the Limbang,
(inaudible) and Baram districts.

00:56:35.000 --> 00:56:39.999
Stop loans for projects and try and
block the timber trade from importing

00:56:40.000 --> 00:56:44.999
tropical timbers from Sarawak.
Every solution we would welcome.

00:56:45.000 --> 00:56:49.999
If the companies are not stopped
within one year, they will draw

00:56:50.000 --> 00:56:54.999
their logging roads further on into the heart
of the paradigm, and it will be too late.

00:56:55.000 --> 00:56:59.999
The last jungle nomads and their culture
will be distinctive from the earth.\"

00:57:00.000 --> 00:57:04.999
(inaudible) Bruno Manswer.

00:57:05.000 --> 00:57:13.000
[music]