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(relaxing music)

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(light guitar music)

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(musical horn blaring)

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(waves crashing) (somber music)

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[Judith] What's the best
way to prepare for disaster?

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It's a question lots of
people are asking these days,

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as the planet heats up and
we find ourselves facing

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one unprecedented
disaster after another.

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(people chattering)

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New Jersey or something

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to get the fishnet. No, $1, $1.

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I'm afraid you get
lucky to get it for $1.

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(slow, somber music)

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[Announcer] Lower
Manhattan, Staten Island,

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for the last place you
have to leave, mandatory.

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[Judith] Personally,
I'd never really had to grapple

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with disaster preparedness.

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That is until Hurricane Sandy

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was heading towards
my home town.

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And are you ready
for this hurricane?

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I got my batteries,
I got my flashlights,

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I got my candles, I'm good.

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All right, did you fill
your bathtub up?

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That I didn't do, no.

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Do you know why we're suppose
to fill our bathtubs up?

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- No, I don't, never did.
- I don't either.

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If ever there was a moment

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for an emergency plan and
a well-packed to-go kit,

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this was it,
but I didn't have either.

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So, I relied on my ability to go

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to my family in
Westchester County.

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Mom.

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18 safe miles from
the eye of the storm,

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where last minute preparedness
shopping started early.

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I just got lucky
on the generator.

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I became number 99
out of a hundred.

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There's no more generators.
My name was on

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the list, that's how
I ended up with them.

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I was here this morning at 5:30.

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- What time were you there?
- I was there at seven.

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What were you doing?

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And that's how I
came to find out that

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my big brother Alex,
a computer engineer

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and competitive sailor, was
also a closet disaster master.

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The reason you have
to have a generator

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is so you can run the sump pump.

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Without that
you're, you might as

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well just kiss
your house goodbye.

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[Judith] How do you run it?

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On gas.

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- [Judith] How much do you have?
- I'll show you.

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We have 10, 20,
we have 25 gallons.

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This is for a drill,
this is for the search light.

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Ellen's phone, my cell phone.

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We can chop ourselves
out of the house.

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We can also dig ourselves out.

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By the way,
do you like our escape?

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[Judith] Are you serious?

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Are we allowed to come to you

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if you have power and we don't?

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We'll let you.

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- OK.
- But besides,

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we could always come get you.
That's why the boat.

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- In the boat?
- Sure.

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You're gonna put
mom in that boat?

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[Alex] If we have to.

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I'm not telling her that.

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- Don't tell her.
- It'll freak her out.

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You would not believe your
son, he has a boat

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in case we can't get out,
he could come and get us.

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(laughing)

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He has a boat?

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[Announcer] In the meantime,
evacuations are really moving...

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[Judith] Which
fortunately, we didn't need.

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[Announcer] More downed
power lines in Babylon, with

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explosive results and water
poured into the streets

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of Great South Bay.

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[Judith] Electricity
was a different story.

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Mom, the lights keep
going on and off.

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- Mike, you OK?
- [Mike] Are you OK?

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- Yeah.
- OK.

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And Judy's with me, I'm fine.

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And I have,
I have everything I need.

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- Good, all right.
- Good, good.

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All right,
so that'll do us right now.

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Yeah, that's all,
what can we do? OK.

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Can't do anything. All
right, well just let us know

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if you need anything.
Yeah, and Deloris

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is not home,
and Pat's not home either,

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she's in the hospital.

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[Man] Yeah, I know.

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[Judith's Mom] Yeah, OK.

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[Announcer] It is very
scary, the water is rushing.

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It's your turn, go, go, go, go.

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[Announcer] We heard
from her earlier,

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she was stuck in Highland
Park, New York, trying to get...

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[Judith] Safe, cosy,
and with very bad letters,

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I had plenty of time to think
about disaster preparedness.

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My mother had her
close-knit hallway.

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My brother and his family
had their generator.

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And I had them.

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(gentle music)

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I was very aware of
how fortunate I was.

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And I was equally aware
of how many people

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in my own city, were not.

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But I didn't always
look at disaster

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through the lens of privilege.

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That all started with a
book I read about a disaster

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 that took place in
Chicago in July, 1995.

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One of the deadliest heatwaves
in U.S. history, so far.

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I can't say what
shocked me more,

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the fact that hundreds of
people died from the heat

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in a major U.S. city,
or that I had no memory of it.

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This was a tragedy that
should've seared itself

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into the mind and memory
of every American.

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But it didn't, and that's
what shocked me most of all.

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So I tracked down Eric
Klinenberg, the native Chicagoan

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who wrote the book
about the heatwave.

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When I met him,
he was about to brief

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a congressional subcommittee
in Washington, D.C.

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Heatwaves kill more
Americans than all of the other

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so-called natural
disasters combined.

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Disasters are important not
just because they represent

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extreme cases, but also because
in looking at them closely,

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we learn to recognise conditions
that are always present,

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but difficult to perceive.

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And I wanna suggest
there's a kind of disaster

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in slow motion taking place

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in American communities
everywhere today.

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[Judith] That
was what was unique

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about the heatwave in Chicago.

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It was a natural disaster
that revealed an unnatural one

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in a way that I'd
never really seen.

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Mainly because I didn't have to.

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So I went to Chicago and drove
from the iconic lakefront

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to the south and west
sides of the city,

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to the neighborhoods that had
suffered the most heat deaths

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in 1995.

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(gentle music)

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It was obvious, something
devastating had happened here,

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but I was pretty sure it had
nothing to do with the weather.

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This disaster was man-made.

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And that's about when
I started to question

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our very definition of disaster.

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(slow, serious music)

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[Announcer] The sun is cooking
the center of the country.

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All week,
roads have been buckling,

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people have been baking,

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and the mercury is
showing no mercy.

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(slow, somber music)

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(kids chattering)

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[Judith] When I
started making this film,

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Eric Klinenberg handed
me a worn VHS tape

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filled with news footage
of the 1995 heatwave.

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And I watched it over and over.

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(high-pitched whirring)

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[Announcer] Business
is brisk for stores

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selling fans and
air conditioners.

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Many customers are trying
to bring them home tonight

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to get them going in time
for tomorrow's expected

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triple digit temperatures.

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{\an8}(somber music)

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{\an8}[Announcer] The sun sets tonight

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{\an8}on one of the hottest
days in Chicago history,

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{\an8}an official high of 104
degrees at O'Hara Airport.

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{\an8}It's hot, it's hot out there.

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{\an8}We all walk out there,
it's very, very, very hot.

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We go to extremes in Chicago,

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and that's why people love
Chicago, we go to extremes.

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(sirens blaring)

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[Judith] The mayor's clever
play on the word extremes

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took on a new
meaning the next day

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when all of a sudden
hospitals were overflowing

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with patients suffering
from heat-related illnesses.

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And then people started to die.

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{\an8}It was a very hot night and
when I called my grandmother

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{\an8}she didn't answer the phone.

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{\an8}I thought that was strange
because she was always there.

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{\an8}So I rushed right over here.

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{\an8}The door was open
because the paramedics

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{\an8}had already been in there.

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{\an8}And I walked in,
and I walked into the room,

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and I saw my grandmother
lying across the bed, face up.

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(slow, somber music)

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When they were
examining her body

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I looked over at the window
and it was nailed shut,

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and I thought, "What would
make her think that by

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putting a nail in a window
would make her feel safe?

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Why wasn't this window open?"

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I walked to the
ambulance and I looked in

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and I saw these bodies in there

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and they just laid her on
top of the other bodies,

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like she was a cord of wood.

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And then I thought,
well, does that mean

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that they're gonna
go get other bodies

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and lay the bodies on
top of my grandmother?

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{\an8}Well the chief medical
examiner tells us tonight

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00:10:32,806 --> 00:10:36,685
{\an8}that at least 50 more bodies
await examination tomorrow.

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{\an8}We did get a bit of a
break from the heat tonight

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00:10:38,754 --> 00:10:41,668
{\an8}but the number of heat-related
deaths continues to grow.

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The crush was so intense,

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00:10:43,650 --> 00:10:46,749
a refrigerated truck was
brought in to store bodies

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until staff could get to them.

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00:10:49,640 --> 00:10:52,789
Now also, we just saw five
more refrigerated trucks

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00:10:52,790 --> 00:10:53,859
go by us.

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00:10:53,860 --> 00:10:56,359
Apparently the one refrigerated
truck they've got back there

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00:10:56,360 --> 00:10:58,659
is already full,
they're bringing extras

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00:10:58,660 --> 00:11:01,059
for what could be a very
long couple of days.

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00:11:01,060 --> 00:11:02,599
It has been a break
from the heat,

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00:11:02,600 --> 00:11:04,749
but they're now discovering
the bodies that were dead

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00:11:04,750 --> 00:11:07,379
on Thursday and Friday,
and they're now discovering them

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00:11:07,380 --> 00:11:09,053
as they begin to decompose.

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00:11:12,843 --> 00:11:14,596
There had been no
announcements on the news,

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00:11:14,620 --> 00:11:17,641
no discussion from the
city, no checking on people.

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00:11:18,050 --> 00:11:20,189
{\an8}But the minute you see,
in the paper or on the news,

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00:11:20,190 --> 00:11:22,749
{\an8}wherever I saw it first, that
there're refrigerator trucks,

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00:11:22,750 --> 00:11:24,249
{\an8}that means there's
so many dead bodies

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00:11:24,271 --> 00:11:26,231
{\an8}that the coroner doesn't
have room for 'em anymore.

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00:11:26,255 --> 00:11:29,055
{\an8}That's enough, right there
you know you were in trouble.

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00:11:30,320 --> 00:11:31,820
You can't bring any more in.

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00:11:32,835 --> 00:11:34,909
(slow, somber music)

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00:11:34,910 --> 00:11:37,823
I was at the medical examiner's
office for a solid week.

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00:11:39,180 --> 00:11:42,415
They were doing autopsies
very nearly around the clock.

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00:11:42,970 --> 00:11:44,917
{\an8}You almost had to run a gauntlet

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00:11:44,941 --> 00:11:47,879
{\an8}to walk through anywhere,

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00:11:47,904 --> 00:11:52,357
{\an8}to avoid touching a
tray that held a body.

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00:11:53,882 --> 00:11:55,195
It looked like a war zone.

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00:11:58,890 --> 00:12:00,720
With the medical
examiner's office,

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00:12:01,410 --> 00:12:04,517
{\an8}they couldn't afford to go
through all of the steps,

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00:12:04,518 --> 00:12:07,873
{\an8}so, everybody had to
go and find their own.

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00:12:10,610 --> 00:12:12,979
{\an8}So I had to get up in a
truck and there was maybe 80

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00:12:12,980 --> 00:12:18,076
{\an8}to a hundred remains or
more, in the bags.

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00:12:18,100 --> 00:12:19,969
{\an8}So basically had to go
through every remain,

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00:12:19,970 --> 00:12:21,118
{\an8}checking toe tags,

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00:12:21,661 --> 00:12:24,956
until we could find the persons
that we were coming to get.

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00:12:24,970 --> 00:12:28,239
So in event of someone
that I was picking up,

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00:12:28,240 --> 00:12:30,799
it was like maybe a
couple of people on top.

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00:12:30,800 --> 00:12:33,349
So you had to just
try to move them over.

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00:12:33,350 --> 00:12:36,469
It was just, it was,
yeah it was sad really.

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You know it's a sight.

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00:12:40,720 --> 00:12:43,223
It did have an emotional
effect on all of us.

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00:12:44,268 --> 00:12:47,579
We couldn't just sit and
boo hoo with the family.

243
00:12:47,580 --> 00:12:50,043
We had to maintain
our professionalism.

244
00:12:54,000 --> 00:12:57,029
{\an8}Saturday morning I came
in and we had 87 cases.

245
00:12:57,030 --> 00:13:00,459
{\an8}Sunday morning we had 83
cases and today we have 117.

246
00:13:00,460 --> 00:13:01,923
{\an8}Now our average is 17.

247
00:13:03,350 --> 00:13:04,329
So what we're seeing here

248
00:13:04,330 --> 00:13:06,383
is we're seeing an
excess mortality.

249
00:13:09,600 --> 00:13:11,833
I'm around death
on a daily basis.

250
00:13:12,850 --> 00:13:14,253
'95 was frightening.

251
00:13:17,030 --> 00:13:22,030
{\an8}This was in a SRO, which is a
single room occupancy hotel.

252
00:13:22,910 --> 00:13:25,169
These are folks that couldn't
afford air conditioning,

253
00:13:25,170 --> 00:13:27,520
or the electricity to
run the air conditioning.

254
00:13:28,850 --> 00:13:30,449
You can see the
windows are closed

255
00:13:30,450 --> 00:13:32,500
and there's not even
a fan in the window.

256
00:13:33,920 --> 00:13:35,769
There were two people
at the same time.

257
00:13:35,770 --> 00:13:37,539
One of 'em was having
a heart attack,

258
00:13:37,540 --> 00:13:39,633
and another guy was
DOA from the heat.

259
00:13:46,260 --> 00:13:47,869
They brought him out
and took him over

260
00:13:47,870 --> 00:13:49,543
to the medical
examiner's office.

261
00:13:51,270 --> 00:13:54,339
And unfortunately this is
a sight that I saw often,

262
00:13:54,340 --> 00:13:58,503
but usually victims of
homicides, not from heat.

263
00:14:07,170 --> 00:14:09,609
{\an8}We cannot say
exactly how many deaths

264
00:14:09,610 --> 00:14:12,329
{\an8}are a direct result of the heat.

265
00:14:12,330 --> 00:14:15,899
{\an8}But we know that the number
of non-violent deaths

266
00:14:15,900 --> 00:14:18,443
{\an8}over the last four days
continued to climb.

267
00:14:19,390 --> 00:14:20,969
In the last four...

268
00:14:20,970 --> 00:14:23,369
[Judith] Non-violent deaths?

269
00:14:23,370 --> 00:14:25,609
I had to stop and replay
the mayor's comment

270
00:14:25,610 --> 00:14:28,449
a few times over,
to try and wrap my head around

271
00:14:28,450 --> 00:14:30,143
what he meant by that term.

272
00:14:30,832 --> 00:14:34,211
That the number of non-violent
deaths continued to...

273
00:14:34,230 --> 00:14:36,869
[Judith] Because being cooked
to death behind closed doors

274
00:14:36,870 --> 00:14:39,763
seemed to me to be a
pretty violent way to die.

275
00:14:46,181 --> 00:14:48,517
Oh when you have three,
when you have 339 people,

276
00:14:48,558 --> 00:14:51,089
there's a lot of people dead,
I mean, that's a lot of people.

277
00:14:53,146 --> 00:14:54,439
[Man At Door] This Mr. Patrick?

278
00:14:54,463 --> 00:14:55,755
[Announcer] Crisis intervention

279
00:14:55,774 --> 00:14:57,919
workers respond to
calls of concern.

280
00:14:57,943 --> 00:15:00,609
A 60-year-old woman
hadn't been heard from.

281
00:15:00,610 --> 00:15:04,109
Take all this away from
here, and open this window up.

282
00:15:04,110 --> 00:15:05,629
Well I'm on the first floor.

283
00:15:05,630 --> 00:15:07,829
[Man] Oh you afraid of
somebody throwing some bricks

284
00:15:07,830 --> 00:15:09,339
- or something?
- They'd come in.

285
00:15:09,340 --> 00:15:10,970
[Man] Oh,
you think that might come in?

286
00:15:10,994 --> 00:15:12,481
You have a screen
here, don't you dear?

287
00:15:12,482 --> 00:15:13,314
[Woman] Yes sir.

288
00:15:13,315 --> 00:15:14,969
They'll break the screen open?

289
00:15:14,970 --> 00:15:16,722
What will a sharp
knife do to a screen?

290
00:15:16,723 --> 00:15:19,069
[Man] Yes, it will.

291
00:15:19,070 --> 00:15:21,499
[Judith] As I watched
this agonizing choice

292
00:15:21,500 --> 00:15:24,669
between staying safe
and staying cool,

293
00:15:24,670 --> 00:15:26,719
I thought about the
nine refrigerated trucks

294
00:15:26,720 --> 00:15:29,909
that were parked outside
the county morgue for weeks,

295
00:15:29,910 --> 00:15:33,969
each one filled with hundreds
of deceased Chicago residents.

296
00:15:33,970 --> 00:15:36,869
And how ironic it was,
that they finally got

297
00:15:36,870 --> 00:15:40,453
the air conditioning they
needed while awaiting autopsy.

298
00:15:43,947 --> 00:15:46,575
{\an8}Cooler air came rushing
in across the country today,

299
00:15:46,610 --> 00:15:47,983
{\an8}after a brutal heatwave.

300
00:15:49,810 --> 00:15:52,779
Hardest hit was the city
of Chicago and its elderly.

301
00:15:52,780 --> 00:15:53,949
Many are wondering tonight,

302
00:15:53,950 --> 00:15:56,999
how could heat kill
so many people?

303
00:15:57,000 --> 00:16:00,729
{\an8}Sexiness for the new media
was it was about the heat.

304
00:16:00,730 --> 00:16:02,459
{\an8}But, the real story is,

305
00:16:02,460 --> 00:16:04,710
{\an8}why were people in these
neighborhoods dying?

306
00:16:06,560 --> 00:16:09,179
People weren't dying
on the north side,

307
00:16:09,180 --> 00:16:11,130
people weren't dying
in the Gold Coast.

308
00:16:14,644 --> 00:16:17,867
People were dying on the
south and west sides.

309
00:16:22,020 --> 00:16:24,149
[Judith] Eric gave me
the medical examiner's list

310
00:16:24,150 --> 00:16:26,453
of heatwave victims
with their addresses,

311
00:16:28,510 --> 00:16:30,799
and I went from
building to building

312
00:16:30,800 --> 00:16:33,609
wondering why there were more
deaths in some neighborhoods

313
00:16:33,610 --> 00:16:36,389
than others,
and about all the elements

314
00:16:36,390 --> 00:16:40,459
that lead up to someone
dying a slow, violent death

315
00:16:40,460 --> 00:16:42,233
alone in the heat.

316
00:16:44,230 --> 00:16:49,236
Why is it that people die
during an extreme weather event?

317
00:16:49,260 --> 00:16:52,139
{\an8}Well I think people
die from the heat

318
00:16:52,140 --> 00:16:56,163
{\an8}for two highly
correlated reasons.

319
00:16:58,010 --> 00:17:02,779
One is 'cause it's hot
and they're not able

320
00:17:02,780 --> 00:17:05,609
to defend themselves
against the heat.

321
00:17:05,610 --> 00:17:10,610
And that defense could be in
terms of opening their windows.

322
00:17:11,400 --> 00:17:13,019
And in poor,
vulnerable communities,

323
00:17:13,020 --> 00:17:15,309
people don't wanna
open their windows.

324
00:17:15,310 --> 00:17:18,089
It could be by turning
on the air conditioner,

325
00:17:18,090 --> 00:17:19,559
and in vulnerable communities,

326
00:17:19,560 --> 00:17:21,979
people don't have
air conditioning.

327
00:17:21,980 --> 00:17:25,809
And it could also be
going outside their house

328
00:17:25,810 --> 00:17:29,299
and going to an institution
where there is air conditioning.

329
00:17:29,300 --> 00:17:32,679
For example, a public library
might have air conditioning.

330
00:17:32,680 --> 00:17:34,539
Or even the lobby of
an apartment house

331
00:17:34,540 --> 00:17:36,009
might have air conditioning.

332
00:17:36,010 --> 00:17:40,689
And, vulnerable communities
tend not to have those as well.

333
00:17:40,690 --> 00:17:43,499
The second,
and intimately related factor,

334
00:17:43,500 --> 00:17:47,879
is if you have a
pre-existing condition,

335
00:17:47,880 --> 00:17:50,039
so it's already
weakened your body,

336
00:17:50,040 --> 00:17:53,459
then clearly it's gonna be
easier for the heat to kill you.

337
00:17:53,460 --> 00:17:55,689
{\an8}[Announcer] It can
happen so quickly.

338
00:17:55,690 --> 00:17:59,819
Temperature inside soars, your
body can't regulate the heat.

339
00:17:59,820 --> 00:18:02,539
It can happen to
anyone of any age,

340
00:18:02,540 --> 00:18:04,993
but seniors are
particularly vulnerable.

341
00:18:06,673 --> 00:18:08,386
The question is,
what do we do about that?

342
00:18:08,410 --> 00:18:11,689
Can we minimize
those excess deaths?

343
00:18:11,690 --> 00:18:13,967
And the answer is, yes,
we could have minimized it.

344
00:18:19,411 --> 00:18:21,413
We've offered that,
but there's not a great number

345
00:18:21,438 --> 00:18:23,529
of people who've come in
and taken advantage of it.

346
00:18:24,107 --> 00:18:26,482
There's really very
little explanation for it.

347
00:18:27,485 --> 00:18:28,527
Thank you.

348
00:18:35,437 --> 00:18:38,679
[Judith] Do you think this
has anything to do with race?

349
00:18:38,680 --> 00:18:43,806
I think that, I have to go with,

350
00:18:43,830 --> 00:18:46,009
there's a saying
in Chicago that's...

351
00:18:46,010 --> 00:18:47,649
everything is about race.

352
00:18:47,650 --> 00:18:50,859
The majority of the people
that died were minority,

353
00:18:50,860 --> 00:18:52,459
mostly poor.

354
00:18:52,460 --> 00:18:54,409
You don't have to
be poor to be black,

355
00:18:54,410 --> 00:18:56,509
you don't have to
be black to be poor.

356
00:18:56,510 --> 00:18:57,545
But...

357
00:19:00,060 --> 00:19:02,020
{\an8}[Judith] Just as many
Chicagoans were starting

358
00:19:02,044 --> 00:19:04,579
{\an8}to realise that the black
community had suffered

359
00:19:04,580 --> 00:19:07,039
{\an8}a disproportionate
number of deaths,

360
00:19:07,040 --> 00:19:09,233
{\an8}Mayor Daley went
on the offensive.

361
00:19:09,570 --> 00:19:12,019
[Announcer] For his part,
Daley pointed a finger of blame

362
00:19:12,020 --> 00:19:14,409
at some of the families
of the senior citizens

363
00:19:14,410 --> 00:19:17,009
who died all alone
in the hellish heat.

364
00:19:17,010 --> 00:19:21,229
We have to appeal, to all
the family members of seniors,

365
00:19:21,230 --> 00:19:24,509
to call, go over there,
see their mother or father

366
00:19:24,510 --> 00:19:26,510
or their aunt and
uncle, that is a must.

367
00:19:27,380 --> 00:19:29,029
{\an8}I think there was denial.

368
00:19:29,030 --> 00:19:33,649
{\an8}A lot of the heads of
state were in denial

369
00:19:33,650 --> 00:19:35,609
{\an8}about what was going on you see,

370
00:19:35,610 --> 00:19:39,083
{\an8}because it didn't
touch them directly.

371
00:19:40,240 --> 00:19:43,423
And because it didn't,
they weren't involved directly,

372
00:19:45,120 --> 00:19:46,523
they didn't feel the pinch.

373
00:19:47,520 --> 00:19:50,639
Because they had their
air-conditioned places.

374
00:19:50,640 --> 00:19:52,419
And they had their
swimming pools

375
00:19:52,420 --> 00:19:54,500
and things that
they could go to.

376
00:19:54,501 --> 00:19:57,789
Whereas, our people didn't
have anyplace to go.

377
00:19:57,790 --> 00:19:59,871
[Judith] Do you think
it's really about the heat?

378
00:19:59,872 --> 00:20:04,093
No, no,
it's just about the lack of,

379
00:20:05,750 --> 00:20:08,350
oh God help me,
I don't wanna say that.

380
00:20:09,587 --> 00:20:12,519
We'll just say,
it's about a lack of compassion

381
00:20:12,520 --> 00:20:14,525
on a lot of parts.

382
00:20:14,526 --> 00:20:15,999
It's not really about the heat.

383
00:20:16,000 --> 00:20:18,679
I think that there's
no need for poverty,

384
00:20:18,680 --> 00:20:20,499
- as much poverty...
- As we have.

385
00:20:20,515 --> 00:20:22,708
...in our community as there is.

386
00:20:25,830 --> 00:20:27,499
[Judith] Even
after the heat broke,

387
00:20:27,500 --> 00:20:29,829
the death count
continued to climb.

388
00:20:29,830 --> 00:20:33,599
And when it reached
525, the mayor shifted

389
00:20:33,600 --> 00:20:35,259
from blaming the families,

390
00:20:35,260 --> 00:20:37,922
to questioning the medical
examiner's numbers,

391
00:20:38,390 --> 00:20:40,959
{\an8}which turned out to be a
pretty effective distraction.

392
00:20:40,960 --> 00:20:43,279
{\an8}You can't contribute
it all to heat.

393
00:20:43,280 --> 00:20:45,049
{\an8}- But I mean...
- You can't, it's impossible.

394
00:20:45,050 --> 00:20:47,180
{\an8}The mayor thinks there
figures should be examined,

395
00:20:47,181 --> 00:20:49,031
{\an8}the medical examiner's
office thinks

396
00:20:49,055 --> 00:20:50,728
{\an8}that they will
withstand scrutiny.

397
00:20:50,729 --> 00:20:53,274
{\an8}We would be delighted to
have these figures examined.

398
00:20:54,424 --> 00:20:56,468
[Judith] While the mayor
and the medical examiner

399
00:20:56,480 --> 00:20:58,999
were having their
very public argument,

400
00:20:59,000 --> 00:21:01,039
the figures were being checked

401
00:21:01,040 --> 00:21:04,469
by the city's own
chief epidemiologist.

402
00:21:04,470 --> 00:21:07,009
I knew that people
would be dying

403
00:21:07,010 --> 00:21:09,339
throughout the city of
Chicago of the heat,

404
00:21:09,340 --> 00:21:12,436
but dying in hospitals,
and the doctors would say,

405
00:21:12,437 --> 00:21:14,096
"Well,
I've been treating this guy

406
00:21:14,097 --> 00:21:16,396
for heart disease
for three years,

407
00:21:16,397 --> 00:21:19,469
and now he died
of heart disease."

408
00:21:19,470 --> 00:21:22,009
And so never would the word heat

409
00:21:22,010 --> 00:21:24,699
appear anywhere on
the death certificate.

410
00:21:24,700 --> 00:21:27,061
[Judith] So are you
suggesting that there were

411
00:21:27,085 --> 00:21:29,179
actually more deaths
than are accounted for?

412
00:21:29,180 --> 00:21:30,569
Oh yes.

413
00:21:30,570 --> 00:21:33,470
I couldn't see how the number
wouldn't be bigger than 525.

414
00:21:36,080 --> 00:21:38,219
So we added up the
total number of people

415
00:21:38,220 --> 00:21:42,089
who died during July,
and we subtracted this baseline

416
00:21:42,090 --> 00:21:45,069
of the expected number
of deaths per day,

417
00:21:45,070 --> 00:21:48,453
and the number
came out to be 726,

418
00:21:50,490 --> 00:21:55,419
And so, they're arguing about
whether 525 was too big,

419
00:21:55,420 --> 00:21:58,737
and I now am saying,
"It's much too small."

420
00:21:59,816 --> 00:22:02,659
{\an8}(light, serious music)

421
00:22:02,660 --> 00:22:04,419
{\an8}[Judith] The immensity
of the death toll

422
00:22:04,420 --> 00:22:05,832
{\an8}got summed up by this image,

423
00:22:06,454 --> 00:22:08,707
which is not what
you'd expect to see

424
00:22:08,732 --> 00:22:12,075
in a suburban cemetery
in America's heartland.

425
00:22:13,450 --> 00:22:14,829
[Announcer] 41
people were buried

426
00:22:14,830 --> 00:22:17,079
in a potter's field
near Chicago today,

427
00:22:17,080 --> 00:22:20,359
forgotten victims of this
summer's deadly heatwave.

428
00:22:20,360 --> 00:22:22,119
Their bodies had lain since July

429
00:22:22,120 --> 00:22:24,223
in the county morgue, unclaimed.

430
00:22:25,940 --> 00:22:28,763
We had the traditional
burial liturgy.

431
00:22:30,860 --> 00:22:33,123
We had the memorial
service here.

432
00:22:35,770 --> 00:22:37,639
{\an8}Starting up here,
and coming down here,

433
00:22:37,640 --> 00:22:39,420
{\an8}past right up to the
monument, yes.

434
00:22:42,680 --> 00:22:46,700
Claude Sanders,
William Reedsville,

435
00:22:47,670 --> 00:22:50,763
Lydia Payne, Ethel Young,

436
00:22:51,650 --> 00:22:56,399
Michael Terino, John Kinsinger,

437
00:22:56,400 --> 00:23:00,839
Joe Stone, Helen Stegman,

438
00:23:00,840 --> 00:23:04,959
Richard Jones, Jose Molina,

439
00:23:04,960 --> 00:23:08,203
Mildred Kaldig, Robert Shaffer.

440
00:23:11,339 --> 00:23:13,039
[Judith] It was
practically Fall,

441
00:23:13,040 --> 00:23:16,349
and for most Chicagoans,
back to business as usual,

442
00:23:16,350 --> 00:23:17,984
before the city
finally announced

443
00:23:17,985 --> 00:23:20,053
the official heat death numbers.

444
00:23:21,071 --> 00:23:22,989
{\an8}There are some stunning
new figures from the

445
00:23:23,011 --> 00:23:25,329
{\an8}Chicago Health Department
dramatically increasing

446
00:23:25,354 --> 00:23:27,934
{\an8}the already tragic death
toll from July's heatwave.

447
00:23:28,251 --> 00:23:32,005
The city now says 733
Chicago residents died,

448
00:23:32,030 --> 00:23:34,819
adding more than 200
to the original total.

449
00:23:34,820 --> 00:23:37,119
[Judith] And within
weeks, the final death tally

450
00:23:37,120 --> 00:23:40,646
had to be adjusted yet
again, to 739,

451
00:23:40,647 --> 00:23:44,763
the equivalent of two jumbo
jets crashing in mid-air.

452
00:23:45,900 --> 00:23:48,989
Did you feel a sense of
outrage at that number

453
00:23:48,990 --> 00:23:49,893
when it came out?

454
00:23:50,930 --> 00:23:52,880
I want to answer
this very carefully.

455
00:23:54,970 --> 00:23:57,456
James Baldwin said,
"To be black in America

456
00:23:57,457 --> 00:24:00,799
is to be enraged
almost all of the time."

457
00:24:00,800 --> 00:24:05,799
And so, in that spirit, I'm
enraged almost all of the time.

458
00:24:05,800 --> 00:24:08,469
I'm of that generation,
so yes, I was enraged.

459
00:24:08,470 --> 00:24:10,649
Was I surprised or shocked?

460
00:24:10,650 --> 00:24:13,259
No, I know what happens
during heatwaves.

461
00:24:13,260 --> 00:24:15,989
And I could see that the city
was not responding accordingly.

462
00:24:15,990 --> 00:24:18,409
And even if the
city had responded

463
00:24:18,410 --> 00:24:22,679
in a more appropriate way,
we would've seen differences,

464
00:24:22,680 --> 00:24:25,669
hopefully not as great,
between poor communities

465
00:24:25,670 --> 00:24:27,939
that are under-resourced
and communities

466
00:24:27,940 --> 00:24:30,069
that are better resourced.

467
00:24:30,070 --> 00:24:33,639
This is a map that
has two things going on

468
00:24:33,640 --> 00:24:34,969
at the same time.

469
00:24:34,970 --> 00:24:37,639
We've put these circles
in those communities

470
00:24:37,640 --> 00:24:40,209
that have the highest
poverty rates.

471
00:24:40,210 --> 00:24:44,519
And then what we've done is,
we've shaded in the communities

472
00:24:44,520 --> 00:24:48,349
that had the highest
mortality rates from the heat.

473
00:24:48,350 --> 00:24:51,399
And as you can see,
they're almost perfect overlaps.

474
00:24:51,400 --> 00:24:53,499
So the question is,
did people die of the heat,

475
00:24:53,500 --> 00:24:55,449
or did they die of
the social conditions

476
00:24:55,450 --> 00:24:56,829
in these neighborhoods?

477
00:24:56,830 --> 00:24:58,049
And the answer is both.

478
00:24:58,050 --> 00:25:01,439
Had the heat not occurred, they
wouldn't have died that week

479
00:25:01,440 --> 00:25:05,999
that's for sure, but they
would've died too soon anyway,

480
00:25:06,000 --> 00:25:08,790
and the social
conditions place them

481
00:25:10,589 --> 00:25:14,899
in a ambiance, or an
environment in which the heat

482
00:25:14,900 --> 00:25:17,289
would be most likely
to strike these people,

483
00:25:17,290 --> 00:25:18,910
and to kill them.

484
00:25:18,911 --> 00:25:21,578
(serious music)

485
00:25:32,322 --> 00:25:34,469
The beginning of
this project I decided

486
00:25:34,470 --> 00:25:36,429
I was gonna kind of
adapt this phrase

487
00:25:36,430 --> 00:25:37,597
that the coroners use,

488
00:25:37,841 --> 00:25:39,092
{\an8}which is to say that,

489
00:25:39,117 --> 00:25:43,946
{\an8}"We study death in order
to better understand

490
00:25:43,947 --> 00:25:46,139
{\an8}and protect life."

491
00:25:46,140 --> 00:25:48,019
{\an8}And that was the point of
doing a social autopsy,

492
00:25:48,468 --> 00:25:51,680
to study this case
of catastrophic death

493
00:25:51,714 --> 00:25:53,919
in order to better
protect the lives

494
00:25:53,944 --> 00:25:57,817
of people in Chicago and then
people in cities everywhere.

495
00:26:00,460 --> 00:26:02,119
[Judith] While
researching his book,

496
00:26:02,120 --> 00:26:04,379
Eric Klinenberg discovered
that Cook County

497
00:26:04,380 --> 00:26:06,689
had collected the
personal effects

498
00:26:06,690 --> 00:26:07,950
of the unclaimed heat victims.

499
00:26:07,951 --> 00:26:08,941
Thanks.

500
00:26:11,449 --> 00:26:13,655
[Judith] Their things
are now kept in boxes

501
00:26:13,680 --> 00:26:16,923
in a sprawling storage
facility and auction house.

502
00:26:20,010 --> 00:26:21,749
One of the things
that was so devastating

503
00:26:21,750 --> 00:26:23,459
about the heat wave
is, not just simply

504
00:26:23,460 --> 00:26:26,519
that so many people died,
it's the way that they died,

505
00:26:26,520 --> 00:26:28,183
alone and isolated.

506
00:26:32,290 --> 00:26:36,063
There's a small desk,
and a chair, a little rug,

507
00:26:37,080 --> 00:26:40,793
a very small bed,
I don't see any windows.

508
00:26:41,660 --> 00:26:43,423
You can tell it's
a very tiny room.

509
00:26:46,960 --> 00:26:51,960
I remember this file, Emilio
Aguirre, awarded a Bronze Star.

510
00:26:52,800 --> 00:26:54,719
He served for almost two
years in World War II

511
00:26:54,720 --> 00:26:55,620
and was a private.

512
00:26:56,600 --> 00:27:01,600
And look at this contrast
of the decorated war veteran

513
00:27:02,240 --> 00:27:05,163
and the 85-year-old
senior citizen.

514
00:27:06,810 --> 00:27:09,749
It reminds us how
easy it is in some way

515
00:27:09,750 --> 00:27:13,357
to fall through the
cracks and go from being

516
00:27:13,358 --> 00:27:17,419
an honored soldier,
or a close relative,

517
00:27:17,420 --> 00:27:20,959
to being someone who
is discovered alone

518
00:27:20,960 --> 00:27:22,233
on a hot summer day.

519
00:27:24,330 --> 00:27:27,623
But this box and these files
are full of stories like this.

520
00:27:33,720 --> 00:27:35,909
[Judith] When it came time
for Mayor Daley and his team

521
00:27:35,910 --> 00:27:39,763
to take the life and death
lessons from the 1995 heat wave,

522
00:27:39,788 --> 00:27:42,499
they didn't concern
themselves with human stories

523
00:27:42,510 --> 00:27:44,389
or data-driven maps.

524
00:27:44,390 --> 00:27:48,149
Instead,
they created a task force.

525
00:27:48,150 --> 00:27:49,699
No one ever
appoints a task force

526
00:27:49,700 --> 00:27:51,399
to find out what's going on.

527
00:27:51,400 --> 00:27:53,339
They always appoint
the task force

528
00:27:53,340 --> 00:27:55,519
to make the problem go away.

529
00:27:55,520 --> 00:27:59,029
And the problem in this case
might be seen as the heat,

530
00:27:59,030 --> 00:28:00,636
but you didn't have
to make that go

531
00:28:00,660 --> 00:28:02,149
away 'cause that
was already gone.

532
00:28:02,150 --> 00:28:03,339
So what would the problem be?

533
00:28:03,340 --> 00:28:05,023
Well, it would be all
the people who were

534
00:28:05,047 --> 00:28:06,607
asking all these
troublesome questions.

535
00:28:07,480 --> 00:28:09,829
[Judith] Along with
meteorologist Paul Dailey,

536
00:28:09,830 --> 00:28:13,029
no relation to the mayor,
the extreme weather task force

537
00:28:13,030 --> 00:28:16,199
included a detective,
a gerontologist,

538
00:28:16,200 --> 00:28:18,469
and the Deputy Commissioner
of Public Health

539
00:28:18,470 --> 00:28:19,923
for the city of Chicago.

540
00:28:22,410 --> 00:28:24,766
{\an8}The commission was set
up to try to figure out

541
00:28:24,791 --> 00:28:28,336
{\an8}what went wrong,
why so many people were killed

542
00:28:28,350 --> 00:28:31,683
{\an8}in the 1995 heatwave, and what
can they do to correct it.

543
00:28:32,500 --> 00:28:34,959
And they're still using the
numbers that I put together

544
00:28:34,960 --> 00:28:36,245
for the warnings.

545
00:28:37,060 --> 00:28:39,639
So the warning goes out,
the city jumps into their...

546
00:28:39,640 --> 00:28:42,109
they do their thing,
which is contacting people,

547
00:28:42,110 --> 00:28:43,577
making sure everybody's set up,

548
00:28:43,602 --> 00:28:46,475
the cooling centers are set
up, everything like that.

549
00:28:48,110 --> 00:28:50,913
There was a final booklet
put out from the commission.

550
00:28:52,319 --> 00:28:53,732
[Judith] Let's see the cover.

551
00:28:55,390 --> 00:28:59,749
Now, my only question is,
the snowflake and the sun,

552
00:28:59,750 --> 00:29:05,495
doesn't seem as scary
as 739 people dying.

553
00:29:05,790 --> 00:29:09,127
What he wanted to do was try
to cover everything in this.

554
00:29:09,140 --> 00:29:12,772
Whether it's hot in the summer
or heavy snow in the winter.

555
00:29:12,797 --> 00:29:15,047
[Judith] What if you
put a picture of all those

556
00:29:15,050 --> 00:29:16,859
18-wheel refrigerated trucks?

557
00:29:16,860 --> 00:29:17,903
Oh yeah, (laughing)

558
00:29:17,927 --> 00:29:19,637
- they don't...
- Now, that's pretty extreme.

559
00:29:19,679 --> 00:29:21,752
Yeah, they don't wanna
do that though, you know.

560
00:29:22,987 --> 00:29:24,642
They don't wanna
remind people of it.

561
00:29:24,650 --> 00:29:26,119
They want people to remember,

562
00:29:26,120 --> 00:29:29,083
but they don't wanna remind
'em of it, in so many words.

563
00:29:30,170 --> 00:29:33,789
So, remember,
but let's not keep throwing it

564
00:29:33,790 --> 00:29:35,604
in front of their faces.

565
00:29:35,605 --> 00:29:39,059
(slow, somber music)

566
00:29:39,060 --> 00:29:41,468
[Judith] I could see
how a refrigerated truck

567
00:29:41,493 --> 00:29:44,746
filled with poor,
deceased city residents

568
00:29:44,750 --> 00:29:46,519
was not exactly an image Chicago

569
00:29:46,520 --> 00:29:49,663
would want to be reminded
of, or remembered for.

570
00:29:51,170 --> 00:29:54,519
But the sunbeams and
snowflakes effectively reduced

571
00:29:54,520 --> 00:29:59,083
the tragic loss of life in 1995
to an extreme weather event.

572
00:30:00,710 --> 00:30:02,421
When the mayor
organized a commission to

573
00:30:02,445 --> 00:30:04,859
study the heatwave
and release a report,

574
00:30:04,860 --> 00:30:07,829
it said things like,
"every neighbourhood in Chicago

575
00:30:07,830 --> 00:30:09,809
was affected by the heatwave."

576
00:30:09,810 --> 00:30:13,239
It's true, but it's far
more true for some areas

577
00:30:13,240 --> 00:30:15,429
than others,
and that kind of language

578
00:30:15,430 --> 00:30:17,939
just obscures what's
happening in the city.

579
00:30:17,940 --> 00:30:21,089
It makes it impossible
for us to understand

580
00:30:21,090 --> 00:30:22,229
what happened here.

581
00:30:22,230 --> 00:30:25,189
If this were a story
about what cities can do

582
00:30:25,190 --> 00:30:29,479
in an acute emergency to
prevent heatwave deaths,

583
00:30:29,480 --> 00:30:31,409
it'd be an open and shut case.

584
00:30:31,410 --> 00:30:33,059
But it's a much deeper
story than that.

585
00:30:33,060 --> 00:30:36,559
It's a story about these
deeper social fault lines

586
00:30:36,560 --> 00:30:39,559
that make some members
of a city vulnerable

587
00:30:39,560 --> 00:30:42,819
and keep others protected
and blissfully ignorant

588
00:30:42,820 --> 00:30:45,329
about what's happening
to people who live

589
00:30:45,330 --> 00:30:47,131
quite close to them.

590
00:30:47,132 --> 00:30:50,299
(light digital music)

591
00:30:56,910 --> 00:30:59,349
We want to make sure
that all Chicagoans

592
00:30:59,350 --> 00:31:01,860
take appropriate
precautions for dealing with

593
00:31:01,861 --> 00:31:04,711
extreme heat and humidity.

594
00:31:04,712 --> 00:31:07,159
(people chattering)

595
00:31:07,160 --> 00:31:09,779
[Judith] Ever since
1995, when the temperatures

596
00:31:09,780 --> 00:31:13,819
start to rise, the city rolls
out its heat emergency plan,

597
00:31:13,820 --> 00:31:16,979
which over the years has
become a model for other cities

598
00:31:16,980 --> 00:31:20,719
also struggling to adapt
to an ever-warming world.

599
00:31:20,720 --> 00:31:22,659
The plan includes a
multi-million dollar

600
00:31:22,660 --> 00:31:26,479
emergency command center,
reverse-911 calls,

601
00:31:26,480 --> 00:31:28,379
and vigorous public messaging.

602
00:31:28,380 --> 00:31:31,239
We really need each
and every neighbour,

603
00:31:31,240 --> 00:31:34,099
every single person
on every single block,

604
00:31:34,100 --> 00:31:36,439
you know where
these seniors are.

605
00:31:36,440 --> 00:31:40,479
If you cannot reach out to them,
would you please call 3-1-1

606
00:31:40,480 --> 00:31:44,189
and give us their address,
we will go and help them.

607
00:31:44,190 --> 00:31:47,603
You could literally save a
life, so thank you so much.

608
00:31:49,110 --> 00:31:51,710
{\an8}[Judith] What do you think
of the heat emergency plan?

609
00:31:52,666 --> 00:31:56,175
{\an8}I don't know what
I think of that.

610
00:31:59,622 --> 00:32:00,840
(laughing)

611
00:32:00,865 --> 00:32:03,989
We could call it a poverty
emergency plan instead

612
00:32:03,990 --> 00:32:07,433
or a remedying
social evils plan,

613
00:32:08,306 --> 00:32:10,435
I wouldn't mind those things

614
00:32:10,460 --> 00:32:14,283
that got more to the root
causes of the situation.

615
00:32:15,210 --> 00:32:18,989
The underlying dynamic in
those same communities,

616
00:32:18,990 --> 00:32:20,959
things like racism and poverty,

617
00:32:20,960 --> 00:32:24,909
which determined who would live
and die during the heatwave,

618
00:32:24,910 --> 00:32:27,213
of course continue to exist now.

619
00:32:27,909 --> 00:32:29,827
[Judith] Do you think
they're addressing that?

620
00:32:29,828 --> 00:32:33,849
Do I think the city is
addressing the extreme poverty

621
00:32:33,850 --> 00:32:36,399
in communities of
color in Chicago,

622
00:32:36,400 --> 00:32:38,168
is that what you're asking me?

623
00:32:38,169 --> 00:32:39,292
(laughing)

624
00:32:40,372 --> 00:32:41,697
Don't be ridiculous.

625
00:32:44,390 --> 00:32:47,557
(children chattering)

626
00:32:52,330 --> 00:32:55,580
(relaxed upbeat music)

627
00:33:19,424 --> 00:33:22,321
[Man] Gonna stay
out of the water now.

628
00:33:22,322 --> 00:33:23,905
Well that's good.

629
00:33:24,925 --> 00:33:26,386
[Man] Please don't write me up.

630
00:33:29,640 --> 00:33:31,328
[Officer] Please back away.

631
00:33:31,329 --> 00:33:34,279
Everybody back up
off each other.

632
00:33:34,280 --> 00:33:36,665
[Child] Why y'all
wanna turn it off for?

633
00:33:36,666 --> 00:33:38,835
(people chattering)

634
00:33:38,836 --> 00:33:40,795
[Woman] It's low, it's
low, that's what it is.

635
00:33:45,605 --> 00:33:48,855
(light, serious music)

636
00:33:55,956 --> 00:33:58,750
[Judith] A decade after
the heatwave, Eric Klinenberg

637
00:33:58,770 --> 00:34:01,290
was still trying to get people
to learn the core lesson

638
00:34:01,294 --> 00:34:02,667
of that disaster.

639
00:34:03,310 --> 00:34:07,025
{\an8}10 years ago, more than 700
Chicagoans died in the heatwave.

640
00:34:07,050 --> 00:34:09,469
{\an8}But you say that's not
really the entire story.

641
00:34:09,511 --> 00:34:12,825
{\an8}What you wanted to know
were the underlying social,

642
00:34:12,850 --> 00:34:14,175
{\an8}human dimensions to this, right?

643
00:34:14,199 --> 00:34:15,867
{\an8}That's right,
we have this term, a natural

644
00:34:15,891 --> 00:34:17,370
{\an8}disaster that we're
all familiar with.

645
00:34:17,394 --> 00:34:20,105
{\an8}There's certainly nothing
natural about the way they died.

646
00:34:20,105 --> 00:34:23,076
{\an8}What I'm more concerned about
is our collective failure

647
00:34:23,100 --> 00:34:25,999
{\an8}to address the everyday crisis,

648
00:34:26,000 --> 00:34:28,399
{\an8}the disaster in slow
motion if you will.

649
00:34:28,400 --> 00:34:30,209
{\an8}If we look too much
for the scapegoat

650
00:34:30,210 --> 00:34:31,849
{\an8}we'll mislead
ourselves into thinking

651
00:34:31,850 --> 00:34:33,784
{\an8}we're not all kind of
accountable in some way.

652
00:34:34,191 --> 00:34:36,809
And my biggest concern
now is that if we refuse

653
00:34:36,810 --> 00:34:38,859
to come to terms
with this crisis,

654
00:34:38,860 --> 00:34:41,869
we'll doom ourselves
to experience it again.

655
00:34:41,870 --> 00:34:43,469
(deep, somber music)

656
00:34:43,470 --> 00:34:45,059
[Judith] And we did.

657
00:34:45,060 --> 00:34:47,409
Just six weeks after
that interview,

658
00:34:47,410 --> 00:34:50,909
the crisis we refused to
come to terms with in Chicago

659
00:34:50,910 --> 00:34:54,879
repeated itself in New Orleans
and all along the Gulf Coast

660
00:34:54,880 --> 00:34:58,873
while the whole country,
and much of the world, watched.

661
00:35:00,346 --> 00:35:03,545
{\an8}(slow, somber music)

662
00:35:03,570 --> 00:35:06,459
{\an8}Like millions of others,
I spent that Labor Day weekend

663
00:35:06,460 --> 00:35:09,789
{\an8}glued to the television set,
watching whole neighborhoods

664
00:35:09,790 --> 00:35:11,593
{\an8}disappear under water.

665
00:35:15,060 --> 00:35:18,249
One natural disaster,
plus crumbling flood walls

666
00:35:18,250 --> 00:35:20,859
in the city's most
vulnerable neighborhoods,

667
00:35:20,860 --> 00:35:24,687
added up to one big
national revelation.

668
00:35:24,711 --> 00:35:26,091
We're gonna talk about something

669
00:35:26,115 --> 00:35:27,349
else before the show's over too,

670
00:35:27,350 --> 00:35:29,599
and that's the big
elephant in the room,

671
00:35:29,600 --> 00:35:32,729
the race and economic class
of most of the victims,

672
00:35:32,730 --> 00:35:35,689
which the media hasn't
discussed much at all,

673
00:35:35,690 --> 00:35:37,003
but we will a bit later.

674
00:35:39,080 --> 00:35:41,559
[Judith] What had seemed to
me to be a one-time tragedy

675
00:35:41,560 --> 00:35:45,623
in Chicago, all at once
became an appalling trend.

676
00:35:48,050 --> 00:35:50,393
Life and death
determined by zip code.

677
00:35:52,780 --> 00:35:55,439
And this movie,
which started out being about

678
00:35:55,440 --> 00:35:59,599
one specific heat disaster,
turned into something else,

679
00:35:59,600 --> 00:36:01,850
something more complicated
and uncomfortable.

680
00:36:03,260 --> 00:36:06,803
About the impact of generations
worth of racism and denial.

681
00:36:08,910 --> 00:36:13,019
Denial that even after Katrina,
was still going strong.

682
00:36:13,020 --> 00:36:15,869
What's the guesstimate cost
of rebuilding those levies?

683
00:36:15,870 --> 00:36:20,479
The bill is $2.9 billion,
which will give us,

684
00:36:20,480 --> 00:36:23,579
send us a long way to repairing
and upgrading the levies,

685
00:36:23,580 --> 00:36:25,569
making them real category
three protection,

686
00:36:25,570 --> 00:36:28,233
which apparently they weren't,
we learned the hard way.

687
00:36:29,499 --> 00:36:32,582
(slow, somber music)

688
00:36:34,940 --> 00:36:37,289
[Judith] Back in Chicago,
where it was predicted

689
00:36:37,290 --> 00:36:41,199
that by 2050 the weather would
feel more like Baton Rouge,

690
00:36:41,200 --> 00:36:44,759
Mayor Daley inaugurated his
official climate action plan,

691
00:36:44,760 --> 00:36:48,519
starting with a $2.5
million project,

692
00:36:48,520 --> 00:36:50,026
built on top of city hall.

693
00:36:50,590 --> 00:36:53,089
{\an8}So what you'll see
behind me here is actually

694
00:36:53,090 --> 00:36:54,699
{\an8}the green roof on city hall.

695
00:36:54,700 --> 00:36:58,359
{\an8}We're 12 stories above the
city, and as you can tell,

696
00:36:58,360 --> 00:37:00,559
{\an8}it's kinda like a prairie,
you can hear the crickets,

697
00:37:00,560 --> 00:37:02,109
{\an8}you can see the butterflies,

698
00:37:02,110 --> 00:37:03,810
{\an8}there are birds
that live up here.

699
00:37:05,088 --> 00:37:07,839
So what we've done
here, and I'll show you,

700
00:37:07,840 --> 00:37:10,539
we've created an
urban heat island map.

701
00:37:10,540 --> 00:37:12,539
We can see the hot spots

702
00:37:12,540 --> 00:37:14,869
and then we plant
trees in those areas.

703
00:37:14,870 --> 00:37:17,469
'Cause one mature tree has
the air conditioning effect

704
00:37:17,470 --> 00:37:20,889
of 12 room-size
air conditioners.

705
00:37:20,890 --> 00:37:23,479
So these strategies
provide a huge impact

706
00:37:23,480 --> 00:37:27,069
in actually real
cooling of the city.

707
00:37:27,070 --> 00:37:30,237
(light digital music)

708
00:37:40,980 --> 00:37:43,053
We're pretty far
away from city hall.

709
00:37:46,650 --> 00:37:49,050
{\an8}I don't know about any
rooftop gardens out here.

710
00:37:50,489 --> 00:37:53,656
(light digital music)

711
00:37:57,810 --> 00:38:00,269
This is the block
that I lived on

712
00:38:00,270 --> 00:38:03,119
from the time I was
one or two years old

713
00:38:03,120 --> 00:38:04,713
till I was about 14.

714
00:38:05,690 --> 00:38:08,273
Used to be a church
here that burned down.

715
00:38:09,518 --> 00:38:10,903
Used to be a house here.

716
00:38:13,600 --> 00:38:16,593
This house was next
door to where we lived,

717
00:38:17,630 --> 00:38:19,623
and we lived right here.

718
00:38:21,540 --> 00:38:24,687
And this whole block
was full of houses.

719
00:38:27,230 --> 00:38:30,859
I can start to even
see the faces of people

720
00:38:30,860 --> 00:38:32,033
that I grew up with.

721
00:38:33,400 --> 00:38:37,029
Summer day like today, when
I was growing up around here,

722
00:38:37,030 --> 00:38:39,939
would be full of
people out and about.

723
00:38:39,940 --> 00:38:44,123
Kids playing,
adults coming to and from work.

724
00:38:50,410 --> 00:38:53,023
There were all kinds of
things up and down Halsted.

725
00:38:55,130 --> 00:38:57,529
It was this vibrant place to be,

726
00:38:57,530 --> 00:38:59,253
there were two movie theaters.

727
00:39:01,032 --> 00:39:03,959
There was a Sears store,
and in the basement,

728
00:39:03,960 --> 00:39:05,210
Hellmann's grocery store.

729
00:39:06,470 --> 00:39:08,939
I used to get the
list from my mom,

730
00:39:08,940 --> 00:39:11,553
and then I'd walk up here
and get whatever she wanted.

731
00:39:14,120 --> 00:39:17,409
Only downtown had
more economic activity

732
00:39:17,410 --> 00:39:19,983
than the 63rd and
Halsted Street corridor.

733
00:39:21,740 --> 00:39:25,719
It's just been an
incredible 50 plus years

734
00:39:25,720 --> 00:39:28,153
of watching what
happens to a community.

735
00:39:35,370 --> 00:39:37,819
If the heatwave happened
when I was growing up,

736
00:39:37,820 --> 00:39:40,373
I think the outcome would've
been a lot different.

737
00:39:41,860 --> 00:39:45,109
When it got really hot, people
would sleep on the back porch

738
00:39:45,110 --> 00:39:46,293
or sleep in the park.

739
00:39:47,520 --> 00:39:48,993
People felt much safer.

740
00:39:50,050 --> 00:39:51,809
I mean,
imagine going from feeling like

741
00:39:51,810 --> 00:39:53,239
you can go sleep in the park,

742
00:39:53,240 --> 00:39:56,040
to feeling like you can't
even put a fan in your window.

743
00:40:02,030 --> 00:40:03,740
Yeah, and some of
this is privately owned

744
00:40:03,750 --> 00:40:08,750
but a lot of this land is
owned in fact by the city.

745
00:40:10,920 --> 00:40:13,903
Just acres of vacant land.

746
00:40:16,590 --> 00:40:18,013
Acres of potential.

747
00:40:21,702 --> 00:40:24,952
(gentle, solemn music)

748
00:40:46,570 --> 00:40:49,733
Every day I cut
between 25 to 30 lots.

749
00:40:50,720 --> 00:40:54,640
Rats and mice and people can
hide off in these bushes.

750
00:40:55,440 --> 00:40:57,440
{\an8}And this type of
neighbourhood over here,

751
00:40:58,430 --> 00:41:00,483
{\an8}they can break out
and get a hold of you.

752
00:41:04,180 --> 00:41:07,199
The richer the
neighbourhood, the less lots.

753
00:41:07,200 --> 00:41:09,759
Like in Pill Hill,
there's no lots.

754
00:41:09,760 --> 00:41:12,569
Maybe two or three,
but over here,

755
00:41:12,570 --> 00:41:14,533
we got maybe about 2,000 lots.

756
00:41:15,770 --> 00:41:18,539
[Judith] Since 2005,
the city of Chicago

757
00:41:18,540 --> 00:41:21,019
has spent well over $20 million

758
00:41:21,020 --> 00:41:23,943
on maintaining overgrown
and abandoned lots.

759
00:41:27,360 --> 00:41:28,529
I have one question.

760
00:41:28,530 --> 00:41:31,459
What can you imagine them
doing with these empty lots?

761
00:41:31,460 --> 00:41:33,893
Honestly,
around my house they rebuild.

762
00:41:34,920 --> 00:41:36,233
Put Section 8s back up.

763
00:41:37,070 --> 00:41:38,613
But that's the best
I could think of.

764
00:41:39,620 --> 00:41:41,719
All right, but I got to
get back to work, you all.

765
00:41:41,720 --> 00:41:42,820
Y'all have a nice one.

766
00:41:47,822 --> 00:41:49,093
I see you getting out that way.

767
00:41:49,118 --> 00:41:50,155
(laughing)

768
00:41:52,307 --> 00:41:53,350
All right.

769
00:42:02,332 --> 00:42:05,415
(slow, somber music)

770
00:42:08,800 --> 00:42:10,919
[Judith] Orrin told me
that much of the vacant land

771
00:42:10,920 --> 00:42:13,179
on the south and west
sides of the city,

772
00:42:13,180 --> 00:42:15,759
and the slow motion
disaster that's unfolding

773
00:42:15,760 --> 00:42:19,423
in those communities, can be
traced back to another map.

774
00:42:20,320 --> 00:42:23,729
This one, created by the
Federal Housing Administration

775
00:42:23,730 --> 00:42:24,883
in 1940.

776
00:42:25,760 --> 00:42:28,109
The neighborhoods where
black people had settled

777
00:42:28,110 --> 00:42:31,369
were shaded in red,
and declared ineligible

778
00:42:31,370 --> 00:42:34,019
for federally-insured loans.

779
00:42:34,020 --> 00:42:36,349
The only way people
could buy a home

780
00:42:36,350 --> 00:42:39,149
was through a practice
called contract buying,

781
00:42:39,150 --> 00:42:41,249
which was essentially
a high risk,

782
00:42:41,250 --> 00:42:43,351
and usurious installment plan.

783
00:42:43,352 --> 00:42:46,269
(person whistling)

784
00:42:47,360 --> 00:42:49,109
[Orrin] White
speculators bought homes

785
00:42:49,110 --> 00:42:51,469
and then resold them
to black families

786
00:42:51,470 --> 00:42:53,959
for two or three
times their value.

787
00:42:53,960 --> 00:42:56,149
But the black family
didn't own the house

788
00:42:56,150 --> 00:42:57,823
until they fully paid it off.

789
00:42:59,610 --> 00:43:02,539
If I have you in a contract

790
00:43:02,540 --> 00:43:05,989
and things go along and you
get laid off from your job

791
00:43:05,990 --> 00:43:08,079
or you miss a month,
you could do it on one month,

792
00:43:08,080 --> 00:43:10,209
or miss two months,
then you're outta that house,

793
00:43:10,210 --> 00:43:13,479
I evict you, and then I can
recontract that same house

794
00:43:13,480 --> 00:43:14,523
to another family.

795
00:43:18,440 --> 00:43:20,719
[Orrin] Most people had
to work two or three jobs

796
00:43:20,720 --> 00:43:21,903
to make the payments.

797
00:43:23,370 --> 00:43:26,410
Often, they couldn't afford
to maintain the houses

798
00:43:27,652 --> 00:43:31,226
so a lot of those structures
needed to be torn down.

799
00:43:32,970 --> 00:43:35,259
So when the federal
government made it illegal

800
00:43:35,260 --> 00:43:37,909
to give mortgages in
the black communities,

801
00:43:37,910 --> 00:43:39,369
it was a political decision

802
00:43:39,370 --> 00:43:41,327
to disinvest from
those communities.

803
00:43:42,410 --> 00:43:44,539
You have banks
making the decision,

804
00:43:44,540 --> 00:43:46,849
your house isn't worth
replacing the windows,

805
00:43:46,850 --> 00:43:49,468
so we're not gonna give you a
loan to replace your windows.

806
00:43:52,420 --> 00:43:54,219
We're not gonna
give anyone a loan

807
00:43:54,220 --> 00:43:56,923
to buy your house from you,
that's a disinvestment.

808
00:43:58,370 --> 00:44:00,269
We're gonna close these
stores and move them.

809
00:44:00,270 --> 00:44:01,709
And that disinvestment happened

810
00:44:01,710 --> 00:44:03,410
with the changes
in manufacturing.

811
00:44:04,930 --> 00:44:07,803
You don't have steel workers
in Englewood anymore.

812
00:44:09,630 --> 00:44:12,733
You don't have people working at
Campbell Soup factory anymore.

813
00:44:14,230 --> 00:44:16,529
Then what happens is,
your community sinks.

814
00:44:16,530 --> 00:44:17,709
It doesn't happen overnight,

815
00:44:17,710 --> 00:44:22,333
but it happens,
certainly, at a pace.

816
00:44:27,060 --> 00:44:28,870
[Jeremiah] Come on
'round here, Cass.

817
00:44:28,871 --> 00:44:29,871
Come on.

818
00:44:32,903 --> 00:44:34,398
[Colleen] All right, you ready?

819
00:44:34,399 --> 00:44:35,816
[Child] Mm-hmm.

820
00:44:39,280 --> 00:44:41,839
[Judith] Colleen and Jeremiah
Scott were not even born

821
00:44:41,840 --> 00:44:44,589
when the red lines were drawn
around their neighbourhood.

822
00:44:44,590 --> 00:44:46,803
But the repercussions
are all around them.

823
00:44:49,875 --> 00:44:51,806
{\an8}- This is the first one.
- This is the first one.

824
00:44:51,830 --> 00:44:53,164
{\an8}- Right here.
- It's the first one.

825
00:44:53,188 --> 00:44:55,107
{\an8}- That's the second one.
- This is the second one.

826
00:44:55,131 --> 00:44:56,796
{\an8}And then you can just
count 'em as you go.

827
00:44:57,040 --> 00:44:58,592
That's number three.

828
00:45:01,162 --> 00:45:05,029
This is number four, and it's
right next to the school.

829
00:45:05,054 --> 00:45:07,229
If my daughter was
to go to school here,

830
00:45:07,230 --> 00:45:09,922
she would have to walk past
all these abandoned buildings.

831
00:45:09,923 --> 00:45:12,279
- Just to get to school.
- Just to get to the school.

832
00:45:13,675 --> 00:45:15,177
- Wait a minute.
- This one right here.

833
00:45:15,201 --> 00:45:16,486
Now, did you see that?

834
00:45:16,510 --> 00:45:20,679
This building right
here, come on now,

835
00:45:20,680 --> 00:45:23,387
a school surrounded by
abandoned buildings?

836
00:45:25,437 --> 00:45:27,600
That don't make no damn sense.

837
00:45:28,542 --> 00:45:31,625
(slow, somber music)

838
00:45:43,400 --> 00:45:47,783
It's just you don't really
even think about it,

839
00:45:49,002 --> 00:45:52,759
or really comprehend it I guess,

840
00:45:52,760 --> 00:45:56,029
until you have to explain
it to somebody else.

841
00:45:56,030 --> 00:45:59,933
Then it's like,
it's just right in your face.

842
00:46:02,349 --> 00:46:05,141
I was upset about
those right there.

843
00:46:05,159 --> 00:46:08,023
Look at that, boarded up.

844
00:46:09,180 --> 00:46:11,939
All, the school is surrounded.

845
00:46:11,940 --> 00:46:15,029
What do you think about when
you see abandoned property?

846
00:46:15,030 --> 00:46:18,253
It's abandoned,
forgot about, left out.

847
00:46:32,890 --> 00:46:35,419
None of this is rocket science.

848
00:46:35,420 --> 00:46:39,729
We all know what it takes to
make a healthy neighbourhood.

849
00:46:39,730 --> 00:46:42,359
It doesn't require you to
have mansions on the street.

850
00:46:42,360 --> 00:46:44,889
It requires you to have
the grocery stores,

851
00:46:44,890 --> 00:46:47,259
the coffee shops,
the restaurants,

852
00:46:47,260 --> 00:46:49,509
the beauty parlors,
the barbershops.

853
00:46:49,510 --> 00:46:52,669
These are all institutions
that help make streets safe,

854
00:46:52,670 --> 00:46:54,839
they provide places for
people to go for help.

855
00:46:54,840 --> 00:46:57,139
They provide places,
certainly in the wintertime

856
00:46:57,140 --> 00:46:59,899
and summertime,
for cooling and heating.

857
00:46:59,900 --> 00:47:02,983
(slow, somber music)

858
00:47:10,130 --> 00:47:15,156
This map is in a sense,
an exemplar or a model

859
00:47:15,180 --> 00:47:20,099
of all of those issues
coming together in one place.

860
00:47:20,100 --> 00:47:23,553
For example, communities that
have no supermarkets in them.

861
00:47:24,560 --> 00:47:28,769
If you map out vacant
lots, violent crime rates,

862
00:47:28,770 --> 00:47:33,770
was it diabetes, breast
cancer, and on and on and on.

863
00:47:35,390 --> 00:47:40,099
And so, map after map after
map shows the distribution

864
00:47:40,100 --> 00:47:43,403
of the highest mortality and
morbidity throughout the city.

865
00:47:46,530 --> 00:47:49,109
These are things
human beings created.

866
00:47:49,110 --> 00:47:52,709
Let me be really clear,
racism is not a disaster,

867
00:47:52,710 --> 00:47:55,949
it's something that human
beings invented and created

868
00:47:55,950 --> 00:47:57,489
and keep healthy.

869
00:47:57,490 --> 00:48:00,229
Segregation is something
human beings invented,

870
00:48:00,230 --> 00:48:02,953
specific human beings
for specific purposes.

871
00:48:03,820 --> 00:48:05,609
The health inequities that exist

872
00:48:05,610 --> 00:48:07,860
are not accidents,
they're created by people.

873
00:48:11,590 --> 00:48:14,409
[Judith] So the slow
motion disaster in Chicago

874
00:48:14,410 --> 00:48:17,249
was the direct result
of public policies

875
00:48:17,250 --> 00:48:21,573
that effectively divided the
city into haves and have nots.

876
00:48:22,670 --> 00:48:26,349
And it was precisely these
life and death inequalities

877
00:48:26,350 --> 00:48:29,869
that motivated Dr. Whitman
to step down from his post

878
00:48:29,870 --> 00:48:32,789
as the city's chief
epidemiologist,

879
00:48:32,790 --> 00:48:35,529
to lead the Sinai
Urban Health Institute.

880
00:48:35,530 --> 00:48:38,853
His goal, to close the
health disparity gap.

881
00:48:41,200 --> 00:48:43,219
We've done study after
study and published it

882
00:48:43,220 --> 00:48:45,409
in all of our most
prestigious journals,

883
00:48:45,410 --> 00:48:50,099
showing not only that black
people and other poor people

884
00:48:50,100 --> 00:48:53,249
have much worse health,
but in fact that the differences

885
00:48:53,250 --> 00:48:56,379
in health and measures of
health are growing worse

886
00:48:56,380 --> 00:48:59,019
everywhere we look in Chicago.

887
00:48:59,020 --> 00:49:01,087
And, the reason that's
happening is because

888
00:49:01,111 --> 00:49:03,280
the rich are getting richer,
the poor are getting poorer.

889
00:49:03,300 --> 00:49:05,079
And the poor are not
only getting poorer,

890
00:49:05,080 --> 00:49:07,889
but they're getting
sicker as well.

891
00:49:07,890 --> 00:49:11,170
Life expectancy in the loop,
where we're sitting now,

892
00:49:11,580 --> 00:49:14,709
{\an8}is 81 years,
and for black communities

893
00:49:14,734 --> 00:49:17,326
{\an8}throughout Chicago
it was 65 years.

894
00:49:17,649 --> 00:49:21,163
16 years difference
in life expectancy

895
00:49:21,520 --> 00:49:24,399
and you could walk from
one community to the other.

896
00:49:24,400 --> 00:49:26,809
One of the strongest
correlates of bad health

897
00:49:26,810 --> 00:49:28,929
for black people,
it's been shown over and over

898
00:49:28,930 --> 00:49:32,119
in the literature,
is segregation.

899
00:49:32,120 --> 00:49:34,669
We are one of the
most segregated cities

900
00:49:34,670 --> 00:49:35,773
in the United States.

901
00:49:36,610 --> 00:49:40,369
If black people in Chicago
had the same death rates

902
00:49:40,370 --> 00:49:44,649
as white people,
3,200 fewer black people

903
00:49:44,650 --> 00:49:47,369
in just one year
would have died.

904
00:49:47,370 --> 00:49:49,819
What number is 3,200 like?

905
00:49:49,820 --> 00:49:54,307
A very prominent number in
currency in this country.

906
00:49:54,331 --> 00:49:56,708
[Woman] Number of people who
died at the World Trade Center.

907
00:49:56,750 --> 00:49:58,418
Thank you very much,
the number of people

908
00:49:58,442 --> 00:50:00,309
who died on 9/11.

909
00:50:00,310 --> 00:50:04,569
Now just think about
our response to 9/11.

910
00:50:04,570 --> 00:50:08,419
Literally billions,
even trillions of dollars spent,

911
00:50:08,420 --> 00:50:12,379
and yet, here's 3,000
deaths in just one year.

912
00:50:12,380 --> 00:50:15,659
10 years, that's 32,000 deaths,

913
00:50:15,660 --> 00:50:18,616
just from racism in
the city of Chicago.

914
00:50:18,617 --> 00:50:21,950
(plane engines roaring)

915
00:50:36,122 --> 00:50:37,624
[Judith] Watching
the annual air show

916
00:50:37,625 --> 00:50:40,229
along Chicago's
majestic skyline,

917
00:50:40,230 --> 00:50:42,369
celebrating the
military daredevils

918
00:50:42,370 --> 00:50:44,829
who are poised to protect us,

919
00:50:44,830 --> 00:50:47,269
I couldn't help but
think about the disparity

920
00:50:47,270 --> 00:50:48,773
Dr. Whitman had outlined.

921
00:50:50,080 --> 00:50:52,879
3,200 deaths from terrorism

922
00:50:52,880 --> 00:50:54,923
are considered a
national disaster.

923
00:50:56,710 --> 00:51:00,359
And 3,200 deaths from
treatable diseases,

924
00:51:00,360 --> 00:51:02,059
taking place in neighborhoods

925
00:51:02,060 --> 00:51:05,723
just due south and west from
here, are barely considered.

926
00:51:06,670 --> 00:51:10,669
But if those 3,200
preventable deaths in a year

927
00:51:10,670 --> 00:51:13,573
aren't a disaster,
I don't know what is.

928
00:51:16,746 --> 00:51:19,279
And that's when I started
googling disaster,

929
00:51:21,180 --> 00:51:25,869
which led me to Disaster
Master, to disaster prevention.

930
00:51:25,870 --> 00:51:29,159
[Woman] To guarantee good
health, you need clean water.

931
00:51:29,160 --> 00:51:32,899
It filters about a
gallon every five minutes,

932
00:51:32,900 --> 00:51:34,639
which is faster than most.

933
00:51:34,640 --> 00:51:36,829
[Judith] To
disaster preparedness,

934
00:51:36,830 --> 00:51:39,119
which, I soon learned,
is one of our nation's

935
00:51:39,120 --> 00:51:41,399
most dynamic growth industries.

936
00:51:41,400 --> 00:51:43,104
All right, let's start
off my talking about

937
00:51:43,128 --> 00:51:47,914
emergency food,
packaged to last 25 years.

938
00:51:48,240 --> 00:51:51,413
[Judith] And finally,
disaster preparedness Chicago.

939
00:51:52,288 --> 00:51:54,719
(helicopter whirring)

940
00:51:54,720 --> 00:51:56,539
Which is how I learned
that in a suburb

941
00:51:56,540 --> 00:51:59,929
just north of the city, Cook
County was about to show off

942
00:51:59,930 --> 00:52:01,369
its latest innovations

943
00:52:01,370 --> 00:52:04,529
in government-funded
disaster preparedness.

944
00:52:04,530 --> 00:52:06,869
It seemed like a
perfect opportunity

945
00:52:06,870 --> 00:52:08,423
for me to learn the basics.

946
00:52:09,690 --> 00:52:14,325
{\an8}This year, Cook County
will share $47.7 million

947
00:52:14,350 --> 00:52:18,334
{\an8}in Urban Area Security
Initiative, UASI, grants funds.

948
00:52:19,309 --> 00:52:22,351
What you're gonna see is
just a handful of resources

949
00:52:22,380 --> 00:52:24,509
that have been put in place
over the last 10 years,

950
00:52:24,510 --> 00:52:27,159
mainly paid for
through federal grants.

951
00:52:27,160 --> 00:52:28,832
This is the logistics
resupply truck.

952
00:52:28,833 --> 00:52:32,646
It's got all the basics to
support a 500-person force

953
00:52:32,647 --> 00:52:34,409
for three days.

954
00:52:34,410 --> 00:52:36,379
Over here is a mobile
ventilation unit.

955
00:52:36,380 --> 00:52:39,079
We can clear an area
unbelievably efficiently

956
00:52:39,080 --> 00:52:40,539
using these machines.

957
00:52:40,540 --> 00:52:42,885
Mobile warehouse,
seven semitrailers

958
00:52:42,909 --> 00:52:44,699
each with 18,000 items

959
00:52:44,700 --> 00:52:47,239
of things we needed
for the fist 72 hours.

960
00:52:47,240 --> 00:52:49,399
Unified command vehicle.

961
00:52:49,400 --> 00:52:50,819
There are around, I believe,

962
00:52:50,820 --> 00:52:52,670
16 of these in the
state of Illinois.

963
00:52:53,556 --> 00:52:55,975
I started getting
into this whole question

964
00:52:56,000 --> 00:52:59,407
about disaster because
of the 1995 heatwave.

965
00:52:59,866 --> 00:53:02,489
{\an8}A lot of things that
are in place today,

966
00:53:02,490 --> 00:53:05,500
{\an8}were a result of lessons
learned from the 1995 heatwave.

967
00:53:05,880 --> 00:53:08,329
If you remember,
1995 we were keeping bodies

968
00:53:08,330 --> 00:53:11,039
in refrigerated food trucks.

969
00:53:12,120 --> 00:53:14,659
We now have a vehicle
that's specifically made

970
00:53:14,660 --> 00:53:16,129
for this task.

971
00:53:16,130 --> 00:53:18,149
The victim would be
put into this vehicle.

972
00:53:18,150 --> 00:53:20,033
We can hold 27 victims.

973
00:53:20,940 --> 00:53:25,589
We can chill this unit
down to 32 degrees.

974
00:53:25,590 --> 00:53:28,363
[Judith] Which is basically
a refrigerated morgue on wheels?

975
00:53:29,400 --> 00:53:30,998
Yeah, I wouldn't
put that in the press.

976
00:53:30,999 --> 00:53:33,289
I'd flower it up a
little better, but yes.

977
00:53:33,290 --> 00:53:34,790
[Judith] What would you say?

978
00:53:35,630 --> 00:53:38,063
That's a victim
containment system.

979
00:53:39,740 --> 00:53:41,639
[Judith] That victim
containment system

980
00:53:41,640 --> 00:53:44,309
was just one of many
big shiny new trucks

981
00:53:44,310 --> 00:53:46,069
at this county event.

982
00:53:46,070 --> 00:53:49,529
Multiply that by 3,142 counties,

983
00:53:49,530 --> 00:53:52,069
or county equivalents
in the United States

984
00:53:52,070 --> 00:53:54,812
currently gearing up
for future disasters

985
00:53:54,837 --> 00:53:56,814
and you start to
get the picture.

986
00:53:56,823 --> 00:54:00,386
Disaster preparedness is a
very well-resourced endeavor.

987
00:54:03,730 --> 00:54:05,959
But what if it was
possible to re-purpose

988
00:54:05,960 --> 00:54:09,659
this massive infrastructure,
which already operates

989
00:54:09,660 --> 00:54:12,699
on local, regional,
and national levels,

990
00:54:12,700 --> 00:54:14,609
and put it in service
of communities

991
00:54:14,610 --> 00:54:16,983
struck by unnatural disasters?

992
00:54:18,660 --> 00:54:21,769
What if we decided to use
even some of these resources

993
00:54:21,770 --> 00:54:25,463
to keep people from dying
just because they're poor?

994
00:54:28,160 --> 00:54:29,889
That was the question on my mind

995
00:54:29,890 --> 00:54:33,099
when I found out about a
disaster preparedness conference

996
00:54:33,100 --> 00:54:36,619
taking place just two
states, one floodplain,

997
00:54:36,620 --> 00:54:39,739
and one seismic fault
line away from Chicago

998
00:54:39,740 --> 00:54:40,993
in Paducah, Kentucky.

999
00:54:42,600 --> 00:54:44,069
It's all about
disaster preparedness.

1000
00:54:44,070 --> 00:54:46,539
We're talking about ice
storms, a big earthquake

1001
00:54:46,540 --> 00:54:48,329
that could happen here
on the New Madrid fault,

1002
00:54:48,330 --> 00:54:50,529
as well as a slew
of other disasters.

1003
00:54:50,530 --> 00:54:53,109
We've got people from FEMA
here, from the Red Cross,

1004
00:54:53,110 --> 00:54:54,533
from the USGS.

1005
00:54:59,050 --> 00:55:00,064
Judith Helfand.

1006
00:55:01,760 --> 00:55:02,747
- Yeah?
- Yes.

1007
00:55:02,748 --> 00:55:04,242
[Judith] All right. (laughing)

1008
00:55:04,243 --> 00:55:07,689
This is the map of the area
that we were covering, it's...

1009
00:55:07,690 --> 00:55:09,659
Six Midwest states,

1010
00:55:09,660 --> 00:55:12,217
where the New Madrid
earthquake zone is.

1011
00:55:12,232 --> 00:55:13,581
[Judith] But if
it was really bad,

1012
00:55:13,605 --> 00:55:15,106
where would they get
hit on your shirt?

1013
00:55:15,130 --> 00:55:17,629
Oh it'd be like,
the whole Midwest.

1014
00:55:17,654 --> 00:55:20,323
Think about all the bridges
you crossed getting here,

1015
00:55:20,365 --> 00:55:21,908
they'll all be gone.

1016
00:55:21,950 --> 00:55:23,426
If you don't know
what the plan is,

1017
00:55:23,451 --> 00:55:25,243
you may not have a plan.

1018
00:55:25,260 --> 00:55:27,409
I'm not here to
scare you to death.

1019
00:55:27,410 --> 00:55:30,303
I can, but I won't.

1020
00:55:30,799 --> 00:55:33,385
Catastrophic ice,
it's pretty much the worst

1021
00:55:33,410 --> 00:55:34,962
anyone has ever seen.

1022
00:55:34,987 --> 00:55:37,279
Lightning has killed
at least 67 people

1023
00:55:37,299 --> 00:55:38,364
in the United States.

1024
00:55:38,389 --> 00:55:41,056
(light buzzing)

1025
00:55:41,970 --> 00:55:43,819
[Judith] After a day
and a half of lectures,

1026
00:55:43,820 --> 00:55:47,729
keynotes and workshops,
one thing was pretty clear.

1027
00:55:47,730 --> 00:55:49,989
While disasters
threaten everyone,

1028
00:55:49,990 --> 00:55:52,879
disaster preparedness
is a luxury.

1029
00:55:52,880 --> 00:55:54,749
It's for communities
who are stable enough

1030
00:55:54,750 --> 00:55:57,929
in the present to
worry about the future.

1031
00:55:57,930 --> 00:56:00,623
I've got a
preparedness kit with me.

1032
00:56:01,800 --> 00:56:03,779
[Judith] But what if
you can't even conceive of

1033
00:56:03,780 --> 00:56:07,973
a to-go kit because you need
a to-get-through-the-week kit?

1034
00:56:09,270 --> 00:56:12,520
(light, serious music)

1035
00:56:14,711 --> 00:56:17,647
This is the disaster
that I started working on.

1036
00:56:17,672 --> 00:56:19,142
Excessive heat, Chicago.

1037
00:56:19,167 --> 00:56:21,280
Right, it's a heat death map.

1038
00:56:22,890 --> 00:56:24,909
These grays areas
are the poorest,

1039
00:56:24,910 --> 00:56:27,609
sort of neighborhoods
in the city.

1040
00:56:27,610 --> 00:56:29,259
So here's the big question.

1041
00:56:29,260 --> 00:56:31,279
What if we redefine disaster

1042
00:56:31,280 --> 00:56:35,470
as extreme pernicious poverty?

1043
00:56:35,482 --> 00:56:36,524
Mm.

1044
00:56:39,069 --> 00:56:41,088
[Judith] I didn't wanna
make anyone uncomfortable.

1045
00:56:41,112 --> 00:56:42,735
(both laughing nervously)

1046
00:56:42,736 --> 00:56:46,163
But frankly, who's comfortable
talking about race and class?

1047
00:56:47,440 --> 00:56:49,809
And even though I knew I
might be putting some people

1048
00:56:49,810 --> 00:56:51,869
on the spot by
trying to get them

1049
00:56:51,870 --> 00:56:54,173
to re-imagine the
definition of disaster,

1050
00:56:55,260 --> 00:56:56,510
I couldn't resist trying.

1051
00:56:57,470 --> 00:56:59,677
How are you gonna do that?

1052
00:57:02,550 --> 00:57:04,429
What we're looking for,
what we're trying to do

1053
00:57:04,430 --> 00:57:06,259
here today is kinda deal with

1054
00:57:06,260 --> 00:57:08,763
a one-time event type situation.

1055
00:57:10,630 --> 00:57:13,843
Poverty is a cultural
issue because we accept it.

1056
00:57:15,452 --> 00:57:17,319
Pure and simple, we accept it.

1057
00:57:17,320 --> 00:57:19,389
So then, isn't there a
way to just think about

1058
00:57:19,390 --> 00:57:22,275
economic development as
disaster preparedness?

1059
00:57:23,140 --> 00:57:25,099
{\an8}If you're asking me
can emergency management

1060
00:57:25,100 --> 00:57:29,159
{\an8}solve the poverty issues,
I can tell you, no, we can't.

1061
00:57:29,160 --> 00:57:31,400
{\an8}Emergency management cannot
solve those problems.

1062
00:57:31,663 --> 00:57:34,040
'Cause the systems that
we have now are all about,

1063
00:57:35,210 --> 00:57:37,609
we've had a major
disaster, come back in

1064
00:57:37,610 --> 00:57:40,129
and restore that
community to like it was.

1065
00:57:40,130 --> 00:57:43,155
In fact, the FEMA regulations
say, "Like it was."

1066
00:57:43,175 --> 00:57:44,758
[Judith] Buildings
are boarded up, there's

1067
00:57:44,783 --> 00:57:46,701
miles of empty lots,
there's a lot of abandoned...

1068
00:57:46,726 --> 00:57:49,319
I wondered about that
term, like it was.

1069
00:57:49,347 --> 00:57:53,310
Why not better than before,
or prepared for the future?

1070
00:57:54,670 --> 00:57:56,799
So when General
Heltzel invited me to

1071
00:57:56,800 --> 00:57:59,699
a federally-funded,
seven-state, week-long

1072
00:57:59,700 --> 00:58:03,093
disaster preparedness
exercise, I went.

1073
00:58:05,447 --> 00:58:08,619
Oye. (laughing)

1074
00:58:09,886 --> 00:58:12,845
The mission, to be ready
for the massive earthquake

1075
00:58:12,870 --> 00:58:14,999
that's expected to
hit the Midwest,

1076
00:58:15,024 --> 00:58:17,707
and simulate a
coordinated response.

1077
00:58:19,325 --> 00:58:22,298
The last major earthquake, 1812.

1078
00:58:23,730 --> 00:58:25,739
[Man] Kilo Yankee
Four Hotel Charlie.

1079
00:58:25,740 --> 00:58:27,679
K-Y-4-E-O-C.

1080
00:58:27,680 --> 00:58:31,109
Kentucky joint force
headquarters to Kentucky cab,

1081
00:58:31,110 --> 00:58:33,679
Alpha Foxtrot Alpha Four
is here, Whiskey, over.

1082
00:58:33,680 --> 00:58:36,729
We've had a 7.7
Richter scale earthquake.

1083
00:58:36,730 --> 00:58:40,579
You can see the damage
is particularly intensive

1084
00:58:40,580 --> 00:58:42,649
west of the land
between the lakes region

1085
00:58:42,650 --> 00:58:44,799
here in the Jackson
Purchase region.

1086
00:58:44,800 --> 00:58:46,293
The Cavalier City
Fire Department is

1087
00:58:46,317 --> 00:58:47,706
inoperable because
of the earthquake.

1088
00:58:47,707 --> 00:58:51,189
A 7,000 pound release of
chlorine that was near a school.

1089
00:58:51,190 --> 00:58:54,266
[Man Standing] We had
625 casualties, 200 deaths,

1090
00:58:54,267 --> 00:58:57,409
275,000 seeking shelter.

1091
00:58:57,410 --> 00:58:58,766
So we're sending down a million

1092
00:58:58,790 --> 00:59:00,199
MREs and a million
bottles of water.

1093
00:59:00,200 --> 00:59:03,339
Medical supplies,
food, water, tinnage,

1094
00:59:03,340 --> 00:59:05,549
whatever the civilians need.

1095
00:59:05,550 --> 00:59:08,189
We got a notification
from one of our operators

1096
00:59:08,218 --> 00:59:10,228
saying that there was a
lot of damage in Memphis.

1097
00:59:11,847 --> 00:59:12,798
Exercise message.

1098
00:59:14,224 --> 00:59:15,183
Exercise message.

1099
00:59:15,191 --> 00:59:16,139
[Judith] OK.

1100
00:59:16,140 --> 00:59:18,679
I did forget,
I was too busy marveling

1101
00:59:18,680 --> 00:59:20,209
at our nation's ability

1102
00:59:20,210 --> 00:59:22,869
and seemingly
unconditional commitment

1103
00:59:22,870 --> 00:59:26,079
to marshal resources,
rebuild infrastructure,

1104
00:59:26,080 --> 00:59:30,459
save lives, and ensure that
citizens are fed, housed,

1105
00:59:30,460 --> 00:59:32,073
and provided medical care.

1106
00:59:33,560 --> 00:59:37,359
That is, as long as it's in
the wake of a natural disaster.

1107
00:59:37,360 --> 00:59:40,141
(crowd applauding)

1108
00:59:40,166 --> 00:59:41,251
[Man] There you go.

1109
00:59:41,260 --> 00:59:45,535
So, response versus
mitigation versus preparedness.

1110
00:59:45,560 --> 00:59:50,560
Could the recovery come in,
in advance of the disaster?

1111
00:59:51,570 --> 00:59:53,549
And even in advance
of the preparedness,

1112
00:59:53,550 --> 00:59:56,853
because that's, maybe the
recovery is preparedness.

1113
00:59:56,892 --> 00:59:58,810
But,
how are you going to do that

1114
00:59:58,830 --> 01:00:01,123
being without
personnel and funds?

1115
01:00:02,370 --> 01:00:04,743
You don't have no personnel
and you have no funds.

1116
01:00:05,580 --> 01:00:07,793
You only receive that
after the disaster.

1117
01:00:09,130 --> 01:00:12,319
[Judith] My idea wasn't to
send in the National Guard.

1118
01:00:12,320 --> 01:00:15,229
We had more than
10,000 people participate

1119
01:00:15,230 --> 01:00:17,189
in this exercise yesterday.

1120
01:00:17,190 --> 01:00:19,909
[Judith] But with a minor
tweak to the term disaster,

1121
01:00:19,910 --> 01:00:22,739
maybe this well-funded
federal agency

1122
01:00:22,740 --> 01:00:25,119
could invest in the
long-term resilience

1123
01:00:25,120 --> 01:00:26,769
of the vulnerable communities

1124
01:00:26,770 --> 01:00:28,983
they're actually
preparing to rescue.

1125
01:00:30,400 --> 01:00:32,819
The trick ends up being
not what you're chasing here

1126
01:00:32,820 --> 01:00:35,499
by turning that into a
disaster, 'cause it's not...

1127
01:00:35,500 --> 01:00:36,819
[Judith] Well it is a disaster.

1128
01:00:36,820 --> 01:00:40,933
No, it's a crisis and
it's, (laughing)

1129
01:00:40,957 --> 01:00:43,959
it's one of the negative
parts of the real world.

1130
01:00:43,960 --> 01:00:46,829
And where I come from,
nobody gets a free pass.

1131
01:00:46,830 --> 01:00:48,599
You have to take,
you reach down,

1132
01:00:48,600 --> 01:00:51,009
grab yourself by the
bootstraps, and let's go.

1133
01:00:51,010 --> 01:00:53,469
I wish I had a
better answer for ya.

1134
01:00:53,470 --> 01:00:55,599
I will say, you've piqued
my interest, I'm thinking,

1135
01:00:55,600 --> 01:00:57,759
my brain is trying
to connect some dots,

1136
01:00:57,760 --> 01:01:01,449
but I can't get to where
you want to mobilize

1137
01:01:01,450 --> 01:01:04,533
this agency or this
organization in advance.

1138
01:01:06,020 --> 01:01:07,459
It just doesn't work that way.

1139
01:01:07,460 --> 01:01:10,299
Now if you changed the laws,
and we get people to agree

1140
01:01:10,300 --> 01:01:12,553
that we wanna change
the world we live in,

1141
01:01:13,710 --> 01:01:15,509
kinda the holy grail, right?

1142
01:01:15,510 --> 01:01:17,823
Go for it, I'm right behind you.

1143
01:01:19,728 --> 01:01:22,311
(gentle music)

1144
01:01:23,850 --> 01:01:26,749
[Judith] I left Frankfurt,
Kentucky and headed south

1145
01:01:26,750 --> 01:01:29,169
towards the Tennessee
border to get a good look

1146
01:01:29,170 --> 01:01:30,620
at the New Madrid fault line.

1147
01:01:31,950 --> 01:01:34,369
A disaster in waiting
that might not,

1148
01:01:34,370 --> 01:01:36,479
despite all of this preparation,

1149
01:01:36,480 --> 01:01:38,203
even happen in our lifetime.

1150
01:01:39,230 --> 01:01:41,803
But of course,
I couldn't see anything.

1151
01:01:44,640 --> 01:01:46,259
How did we get here?

1152
01:01:46,260 --> 01:01:49,689
To a place where so many people
believe that if you're poor,

1153
01:01:49,690 --> 01:01:52,059
it's because you
didn't pull hard enough

1154
01:01:52,060 --> 01:01:53,453
on your own bootstraps.

1155
01:01:59,910 --> 01:02:01,179
{\an8}So what you're struggling with

1156
01:02:01,180 --> 01:02:03,929
{\an8}is why are we
spending so much money

1157
01:02:03,930 --> 01:02:06,689
{\an8}on these low-probability events

1158
01:02:07,240 --> 01:02:10,219
when we have people dying
like flies all around us?

1159
01:02:10,220 --> 01:02:12,999
And that money could
be helping people now.

1160
01:02:13,000 --> 01:02:14,169
- Is that it?
- Yes.

1161
01:02:14,170 --> 01:02:15,002
Yeah.

1162
01:02:15,003 --> 01:02:17,533
Well, right.

1163
01:02:18,783 --> 01:02:24,831
Yeah, you're right to see
that as an unreasonable

1164
01:02:24,840 --> 01:02:27,269
allocation of
resources, 'cause it is.

1165
01:02:27,270 --> 01:02:29,669
In order to get help from
the federal government,

1166
01:02:29,670 --> 01:02:32,639
you typically have
to make some showing

1167
01:02:32,640 --> 01:02:34,579
that whatever it is
that has happened to you

1168
01:02:34,580 --> 01:02:35,699
is not your fault.

1169
01:02:35,700 --> 01:02:40,639
And, as a result of that,
we pay a lot of attention

1170
01:02:40,640 --> 01:02:43,499
in this country to how
people came to be in need

1171
01:02:43,500 --> 01:02:44,909
in the first place.

1172
01:02:44,910 --> 01:02:48,529
And their claims are
discredited in our system

1173
01:02:48,530 --> 01:02:50,859
by the sense that
they could have

1174
01:02:50,860 --> 01:02:53,778
or should have
helped themselves.

1175
01:02:54,861 --> 01:02:57,864
But that is our history
and our tradition.

1176
01:02:57,866 --> 01:03:00,949
(slow, somber music)

1177
01:03:08,537 --> 01:03:09,545
(people chattering)

1178
01:03:09,546 --> 01:03:11,562
[Woman] Number three.

1179
01:03:11,586 --> 01:03:12,963
[Man] What happened
to number one?

1180
01:03:12,964 --> 01:03:14,422
[Woman] Number
one is right here.

1181
01:03:14,447 --> 01:03:15,361
[Man] Open.

1182
01:03:16,580 --> 01:03:18,299
{\an8}Number one come right on in.

1183
01:03:18,343 --> 01:03:19,335
{\an8}- Two.
- Hold on to that.

1184
01:03:19,570 --> 01:03:21,949
[Judith] Watching this
group of Englewood elders

1185
01:03:21,950 --> 01:03:25,509
line up at 7:00 a.m. to get
help with their energy bills

1186
01:03:25,510 --> 01:03:27,439
made our history
and our tradition

1187
01:03:27,440 --> 01:03:30,563
seem not only absurd to
me, but criminal.

1188
01:03:33,349 --> 01:03:35,182
Sir, take your time.

1189
01:03:37,670 --> 01:03:39,296
[Judith] Every year, a one-time

1190
01:03:39,320 --> 01:03:42,257
federally-funded subsidy of $150

1191
01:03:42,281 --> 01:03:44,367
is available for
those who qualify.

1192
01:03:45,300 --> 01:03:47,854
As long as the money
doesn't run out.

1193
01:03:47,855 --> 01:03:48,855
Number 10.

1194
01:03:52,836 --> 01:03:54,658
Good morning everyone.

1195
01:03:56,256 --> 01:04:01,178
{\an8}You know you need your
light bill, your gas bill,

1196
01:04:01,190 --> 01:04:02,408
{\an8}and they have to be current.

1197
01:04:02,920 --> 01:04:06,699
We need your income,
social security card

1198
01:04:06,700 --> 01:04:09,159
for everyone that's
in the household.

1199
01:04:09,160 --> 01:04:12,323
A current rent
receipt if you rent.

1200
01:04:13,350 --> 01:04:16,169
So you can take
those documents out,

1201
01:04:16,170 --> 01:04:17,773
hold 'em in your hand now.

1202
01:04:20,146 --> 01:04:24,188
{\an8}They had a cooling program
and then they ran out of money.

1203
01:04:24,213 --> 01:04:28,629
{\an8}So that cooling program
lasted about two or three days.

1204
01:04:28,630 --> 01:04:31,253
{\an8}Many people did not
get help who needed it.

1205
01:04:32,450 --> 01:04:33,829
The money wasn't there.

1206
01:04:33,830 --> 01:04:36,492
It wasn't that they did not
apply, the money was not there.

1207
01:04:36,493 --> 01:04:38,859
See, that money comes from
the federal government

1208
01:04:38,860 --> 01:04:41,059
to the state, then to the city.

1209
01:04:41,060 --> 01:04:43,969
But they're more than a hundred
intake sites in the city

1210
01:04:43,970 --> 01:04:45,509
like ours here.

1211
01:04:45,510 --> 01:04:49,429
So there's hundreds of people
applying at the same time.

1212
01:04:49,430 --> 01:04:51,163
So that money just
goes like that.

1213
01:04:55,232 --> 01:04:56,733
- What was it, '85?
- '95.

1214
01:05:00,952 --> 01:05:03,119
[Judith] How old was he?

1215
01:05:04,170 --> 01:05:07,153
He was 58, he was 58.

1216
01:05:07,178 --> 01:05:08,522
[Judith] I'm sorry.

1217
01:05:08,523 --> 01:05:09,356
Mm-hmm.

1218
01:05:10,999 --> 01:05:13,652
(people chattering)

1219
01:05:13,653 --> 01:05:15,074
[Woman] 17.

1220
01:05:15,075 --> 01:05:16,158
[Woman] 17.

1221
01:05:17,104 --> 01:05:18,476
Do you own or rent?

1222
01:05:18,477 --> 01:05:19,418
[Client] Own.

1223
01:05:19,419 --> 01:05:21,202
Own, OK.

1224
01:05:21,203 --> 01:05:24,203
(people chattering)

1225
01:05:31,180 --> 01:05:33,099
You can tell a lot
about what we care about

1226
01:05:33,100 --> 01:05:34,750
by where we're
putting our money.

1227
01:05:36,460 --> 01:05:40,599
People want those
resources to be at standby

1228
01:05:40,600 --> 01:05:45,600
in case they are experiencing
an earthquake or a fire

1229
01:05:45,950 --> 01:05:48,349
or a flood or hurricane.

1230
01:05:48,350 --> 01:05:50,929
Because they can imagine
that happening to them.

1231
01:05:50,930 --> 01:05:54,079
A white person cannot
easily imagine what it is

1232
01:05:54,080 --> 01:05:57,919
to be a person of
color in a community

1233
01:05:57,920 --> 01:06:00,863
that doesn't have access to
good food or medical care.

1234
01:06:05,555 --> 01:06:06,848
{\an8}Have you ever had a mammogram?

1235
01:06:06,872 --> 01:06:07,705
{\an8}No, I have not.

1236
01:06:07,721 --> 01:06:09,431
{\an8}Are you interested
in having a mammogram?

1237
01:06:09,439 --> 01:06:10,506
{\an8}No, I'm not.

1238
01:06:10,515 --> 01:06:13,057
{\an8}OK, is there any specific
reason, you mind me asking?

1239
01:06:13,518 --> 01:06:18,565
No, I just don't wanna have one.

1240
01:06:18,590 --> 01:06:21,809
I just, I got plenty
going in my life and...

1241
01:06:21,810 --> 01:06:23,880
- [Oreletta] Too much already.
- Yeah, that's enough.

1242
01:06:23,904 --> 01:06:26,048
OK, well do you mind if
I send you a reminder just to...

1243
01:06:26,072 --> 01:06:27,049
A reminder is fine.

1244
01:06:27,073 --> 01:06:28,617
...keep on encouraging
you to get one?

1245
01:06:28,640 --> 01:06:29,832
- Yes, no problem.
- OK.

1246
01:06:29,833 --> 01:06:32,299
[Judith] What I
came to learn is this.

1247
01:06:32,300 --> 01:06:35,449
In the absence of any
significant investment,

1248
01:06:35,450 --> 01:06:38,479
communities that are most
vulnerable every day,

1249
01:06:38,480 --> 01:06:40,939
are forced to rely on
their own ingenuity

1250
01:06:40,940 --> 01:06:43,009
and very meager resources

1251
01:06:43,010 --> 01:06:47,299
to respond to the crisis that
most everyone else ignores.

1252
01:06:47,300 --> 01:06:48,749
Like the community
health workers

1253
01:06:48,750 --> 01:06:51,059
from the Sinai Urban
Health Institute,

1254
01:06:51,060 --> 01:06:53,049
who spend their days
reaching out to women

1255
01:06:53,050 --> 01:06:54,979
who suffer breast cancer deaths

1256
01:06:54,980 --> 01:06:58,349
at a rate 40% higher
than the white women

1257
01:06:58,350 --> 01:06:59,653
on the other side of town.

1258
01:07:00,069 --> 01:07:01,289
{\an8}I'm uninsured.

1259
01:07:01,290 --> 01:07:02,999
{\an8}OK, you don't have
to worry about that.

1260
01:07:03,000 --> 01:07:05,122
{\an8}We have a state-funded program
so we pay for the cost.

1261
01:07:05,690 --> 01:07:07,649
Once we enter you into
the computer system

1262
01:07:07,650 --> 01:07:09,784
then I get you in,
probably about a week's time.

1263
01:07:09,785 --> 01:07:10,783
OK.

1264
01:07:10,784 --> 01:07:13,683
Insurance, any
type, you got, put no.

1265
01:07:15,030 --> 01:07:18,349
Check there, and ah.

1266
01:07:18,350 --> 01:07:19,929
When the last time
you had a mammogram?

1267
01:07:19,930 --> 01:07:20,762
Probably last year.

1268
01:07:20,763 --> 01:07:22,569
Last year,
are you set for this year?

1269
01:07:22,570 --> 01:07:23,551
I need another one.

1270
01:07:23,552 --> 01:07:24,649
You need another, OK.

1271
01:07:24,650 --> 01:07:26,809
Every day,
I go into an exam room

1272
01:07:26,810 --> 01:07:29,679
and I work with people that
have medical conditions,

1273
01:07:29,680 --> 01:07:32,109
much of which could've
been prevented

1274
01:07:32,110 --> 01:07:35,079
or at least made much
easier to deal with

1275
01:07:35,080 --> 01:07:37,409
if they had the
structural conditions

1276
01:07:37,410 --> 01:07:38,710
they need to stay healthy.

1277
01:07:39,646 --> 01:07:40,942
People think that poor people

1278
01:07:40,981 --> 01:07:43,275
don't know how to eat healthy
or don't wanna eat healthy.

1279
01:07:43,650 --> 01:07:45,025
{\an8}A lot of it is
more about access.

1280
01:07:45,050 --> 01:07:46,176
{\an8}They don't have access to it.

1281
01:07:46,201 --> 01:07:47,761
{\an8}It's difficult for
them to get to places.

1282
01:07:48,363 --> 01:07:49,643
The things that
they have in their

1283
01:07:49,685 --> 01:07:51,124
neighbourhood are not healthy.

1284
01:07:51,149 --> 01:07:52,049
[Woman] We have food.

1285
01:07:52,050 --> 01:07:56,392
So that's our vision,
bring the food to the people.

1286
01:07:56,393 --> 01:07:59,643
(gentle, bouncy music)

1287
01:08:13,999 --> 01:08:15,402
[Boy] I'll taste salad.

1288
01:08:15,403 --> 01:08:18,035
You'll taste salad,
OK, salad is good,

1289
01:08:18,059 --> 01:08:19,436
it's a good start,
what about like.

1290
01:08:19,437 --> 01:08:21,969
[Judith] Fresh Moves is
a decommissioned city bus

1291
01:08:21,970 --> 01:08:25,509
turned mobile market, bringing
affordable fresh produce

1292
01:08:25,510 --> 01:08:28,079
to the neighborhoods
that are often referred to

1293
01:08:28,080 --> 01:08:29,183
as food deserts.

1294
01:08:29,863 --> 01:08:31,072
Have you ever tried a pear?

1295
01:08:31,073 --> 01:08:32,573
Do you wanna try one?

1296
01:08:32,574 --> 01:08:34,237
What if buy you an
apple or a pear?

1297
01:08:34,238 --> 01:08:35,070
Apple.

1298
01:08:35,071 --> 01:08:37,171
You wanna try, OK,
which one you want?

1299
01:08:38,426 --> 01:08:40,269
As a matter of fact, I'm,

1300
01:08:40,270 --> 01:08:41,643
is that the one you want, OK.

1301
01:08:41,644 --> 01:08:43,354
You got to wait till
they check out up there.

1302
01:08:43,378 --> 01:08:46,049
Just hold on to it.
That's a big thing.

1303
01:08:46,050 --> 01:08:47,634
[Sheelah] Yeah,
you gonna eat it all.

1304
01:08:49,674 --> 01:08:51,258
[Woman] Come on,
try it, just try it.

1305
01:08:51,281 --> 01:08:52,362
Come on.

1306
01:08:52,385 --> 01:08:53,457
- Please.
- Do it, do it,

1307
01:08:53,481 --> 01:08:56,056
do it, do it, do it.
(woman laughing)

1308
01:08:56,073 --> 01:08:56,905
I'm scared.

1309
01:08:56,906 --> 01:08:59,847
- What you scared of?
- What you, you scared?

1310
01:08:59,848 --> 01:09:02,681
(apple crunching)

1311
01:09:07,051 --> 01:09:09,244
- Yes, nice and juicy.
- Is it good?

1312
01:09:09,245 --> 01:09:10,677
And juicy!

1313
01:09:10,678 --> 01:09:11,510
[Woman] It's juicy!

1314
01:09:11,511 --> 01:09:12,928
It's juicy, yeah!

1315
01:09:13,774 --> 01:09:16,542
(women clapping)

1316
01:09:16,543 --> 01:09:19,265
You know you liked it.
(laughing)

1317
01:09:19,266 --> 01:09:20,783
Yeah!

1318
01:09:20,784 --> 01:09:21,616
You like it?

1319
01:09:21,617 --> 01:09:22,450
Yeah!

1320
01:09:25,458 --> 01:09:28,458
[Woman] Yes,
I love it, I love it.

1321
01:09:30,310 --> 01:09:32,309
[Judith] So even in one
of the wealthiest cities

1322
01:09:32,310 --> 01:09:35,863
in the nation, access to
apples is not guaranteed.

1323
01:09:39,780 --> 01:09:42,019
Which is a problem Orrin
Williams was tackling

1324
01:09:42,020 --> 01:09:45,539
with Chicago's first-ever
urban organic farm,

1325
01:09:45,540 --> 01:09:46,559
Growing Home.

1326
01:09:47,587 --> 01:09:50,837
{\an8}(light, serious music)

1327
01:09:54,410 --> 01:09:57,076
Someone said to me, "It's
easier to buy a gun around here

1328
01:09:57,077 --> 01:09:58,267
than a tomato."

1329
01:09:59,970 --> 01:10:04,453
I wouldn't say that,
although it's true.

1330
01:10:05,580 --> 01:10:09,279
Standing where we are
now, let me see,

1331
01:10:09,280 --> 01:10:11,083
where would you go get a tomato?

1332
01:10:12,040 --> 01:10:12,873
OK?

1333
01:10:14,150 --> 01:10:16,363
I have to think about
that long and hard.

1334
01:10:20,265 --> 01:10:22,118
You got to go to
59th and Kensey.

1335
01:10:22,142 --> 01:10:23,184
[Judith] Is that far?

1336
01:10:23,185 --> 01:10:26,250
Which is mile and a half.

1337
01:10:27,730 --> 01:10:31,563
69th is another mile
and a half in Ashland.

1338
01:10:34,710 --> 01:10:38,713
Going north to 47th Street,
another mile and a half.

1339
01:10:42,470 --> 01:10:45,579
Some people describe
communities on the south side

1340
01:10:45,580 --> 01:10:49,329
as food deserts, not a term
we particularly care for

1341
01:10:49,330 --> 01:10:51,877
but the problem
in our communities

1342
01:10:51,901 --> 01:10:55,208
is there's food there
but it's low quality.

1343
01:10:55,209 --> 01:10:58,542
(cash register beeping)

1344
01:11:01,875 --> 01:11:05,105
[Man] Give me another
thing of chips, up there.

1345
01:11:05,106 --> 01:11:06,465
[Woman] See, and I be saying,

1346
01:11:06,466 --> 01:11:08,039
he's brought us
food all our lives.

1347
01:11:08,063 --> 01:11:09,189
[Woman] Do what I tell you.

1348
01:11:09,205 --> 01:11:10,503
- OK then.
- Look at that.

1349
01:11:10,504 --> 01:11:12,155
[Woman] Did I dare to call you

1350
01:11:12,156 --> 01:11:14,113
and told you to come
see what I want?

1351
01:11:14,114 --> 01:11:16,148
[Man] Hey, hey, hey,
hey, what y'all doing?

1352
01:11:16,149 --> 01:11:17,609
Uh-uh. (men laughing)

1353
01:11:17,610 --> 01:11:20,455
Hey, the vegetable man is here.

1354
01:11:20,456 --> 01:11:22,176
[Woman Seated]
How much is those?

1355
01:11:22,177 --> 01:11:24,039
These just 75 cent a bunch.

1356
01:11:24,040 --> 01:11:25,101
OK.

1357
01:11:25,102 --> 01:11:26,483
Come on lady,
I don't want no old

1358
01:11:26,484 --> 01:11:28,789
withered up greens now, come on.

1359
01:11:28,790 --> 01:11:32,089
[Judith] Growing Home is
responding to multiple problems.

1360
01:11:32,090 --> 01:11:35,489
Not just the lack of fresh,
affordable vegetables,

1361
01:11:35,490 --> 01:11:37,609
and the disease
that goes with it,

1362
01:11:37,610 --> 01:11:41,289
but job training for people
who've served time in prison,

1363
01:11:41,290 --> 01:11:44,049
and the isolation of seniors
who often feel at risk

1364
01:11:44,050 --> 01:11:45,503
in their own communities.

1365
01:11:47,070 --> 01:11:50,139
On top of that,
the gardens are beautiful

1366
01:11:50,140 --> 01:11:53,049
and can even help cool
the neighbourhood,

1367
01:11:53,050 --> 01:11:54,579
all of which makes a difference

1368
01:11:54,580 --> 01:11:57,239
in the midst of any disaster.

1369
01:11:57,240 --> 01:12:00,099
Would you call this a
heat emergency plan?

1370
01:12:00,100 --> 01:12:03,069
No, I think the
term human emergency

1371
01:12:03,070 --> 01:12:04,923
is the most appropriate term.

1372
01:12:05,960 --> 01:12:08,460
[Judith] I left Orrin,
feeling somewhat hopeful.

1373
01:12:10,280 --> 01:12:13,209
And then, about two miles away,

1374
01:12:13,210 --> 01:12:15,019
on the other side of Englewood,

1375
01:12:15,020 --> 01:12:17,182
I saw this disaster unfolding.

1376
01:12:17,183 --> 01:12:19,933
(people yelling)

1377
01:12:21,922 --> 01:12:24,888
Come on, where y'all going?

1378
01:12:24,889 --> 01:12:28,031
[Fireman] Anybody that
can hear me and can walk,

1379
01:12:28,032 --> 01:12:29,365
walk towards me.

1380
01:12:30,789 --> 01:12:34,206
[Man] All right,
get us out of the way.

1381
01:12:35,025 --> 01:12:36,735
[Fireman] Please go
over to the yellow tarp

1382
01:12:36,759 --> 01:12:38,177
if you don't have
a green steno card?

1383
01:12:38,201 --> 01:12:40,030
- No, we don't.
- Go to that yellow tarp.

1384
01:12:40,036 --> 01:12:42,689
You can find a fireman here,
down in between the engines,

1385
01:12:42,690 --> 01:12:43,863
over to the ambulance.

1386
01:12:46,244 --> 01:12:47,913
[Fireman] I got number 26.

1387
01:12:50,320 --> 01:12:52,725
Abrasions left arm, left hand.

1388
01:12:52,726 --> 01:12:56,239
(people chattering)

1389
01:12:56,240 --> 01:12:58,083
Puncture wound to
the right abdomen.

1390
01:13:02,850 --> 01:13:05,409
Chicago firefighters have
been working around the clock

1391
01:13:05,410 --> 01:13:08,119
preparing for a massive tornado.

1392
01:13:08,120 --> 01:13:10,839
It's a drill to
simulate a tornado,

1393
01:13:10,840 --> 01:13:13,053
wiping out part
of the south side.

1394
01:13:16,810 --> 01:13:19,029
[Tammy] This rare training
drill was made possible

1395
01:13:19,030 --> 01:13:22,713
by a $250,000 Homeland
Security grant.

1396
01:13:23,740 --> 01:13:25,289
{\an8}They're drilling in Englewood,

1397
01:13:25,290 --> 01:13:26,960
{\an8}which has become
rather notorious

1398
01:13:26,961 --> 01:13:29,180
{\an8}as one of the most
dangerous neighborhoods

1399
01:13:29,204 --> 01:13:30,122
{\an8}in the city of Chicago.

1400
01:13:30,146 --> 01:13:33,199
{\an8}And this is actually a good
opportunity for them to show off

1401
01:13:33,200 --> 01:13:35,728
{\an8}how great they are
at strategic planning

1402
01:13:35,752 --> 01:13:37,230
{\an8}in the event of a disaster.

1403
01:13:37,254 --> 01:13:39,326
{\an8}So that's taking place today.
Kinda neat, right guys?

1404
01:13:39,327 --> 01:13:40,689
{\an8}- That is.
- Oh yeah, it really is.

1405
01:13:40,690 --> 01:13:42,158
{\an8}- Thank you, Tammy.
- All right.

1406
01:13:42,886 --> 01:13:45,868
(slow, somber music)

1407
01:13:45,869 --> 01:13:47,999
[Judith] I couldn't
believe what I was watching.

1408
01:13:48,000 --> 01:13:50,999
A lavishly-funded disaster drill

1409
01:13:51,000 --> 01:13:55,059
taking place at a former
public housing complex,

1410
01:13:55,060 --> 01:13:58,483
literally on top of the
disaster in slow motion.

1411
01:14:01,613 --> 01:14:03,009
[Fireman] All right, all right,

1412
01:14:03,010 --> 01:14:05,495
they're gonna put some
straps on you, OK?

1413
01:14:05,496 --> 01:14:06,413
Here, OK?

1414
01:14:09,660 --> 01:14:11,419
[Judith] I'm not
suggesting we do away with

1415
01:14:11,420 --> 01:14:13,999
disaster preparedness training.

1416
01:14:14,000 --> 01:14:17,399
No one wants EMTs and
firefighters googling,

1417
01:14:17,400 --> 01:14:20,039
how to use the jaws of life,

1418
01:14:20,040 --> 01:14:22,373
while trying to cut
someone out of a car.

1419
01:14:24,290 --> 01:14:27,599
But I looked up deaths
from tornadoes in Chicago,

1420
01:14:27,600 --> 01:14:30,323
and the average is
about one person a year.

1421
01:14:32,240 --> 01:14:35,329
While some 3,000 people
die each and every year

1422
01:14:35,330 --> 01:14:38,479
from preventable
diseases within about

1423
01:14:38,480 --> 01:14:40,393
a five-mile radius
of this drill.

1424
01:14:45,213 --> 01:14:47,259
It had never been
more obvious to me

1425
01:14:47,260 --> 01:14:52,260
how deeply flawed and immoral
our national priorities are.

1426
01:14:52,632 --> 01:14:55,715
(slow, somber music)

1427
01:15:00,690 --> 01:15:03,669
I started this film
questioning our very definition

1428
01:15:03,670 --> 01:15:06,839
of disaster, and I'm ending it

1429
01:15:06,840 --> 01:15:10,159
convinced that if we'd just
enlarge that definition,

1430
01:15:10,160 --> 01:15:12,889
we could address the
underlying conditions

1431
01:15:12,890 --> 01:15:15,713
that are literally
killing people every day.

1432
01:15:18,100 --> 01:15:20,869
Because the word disaster
typically moves people

1433
01:15:20,870 --> 01:15:24,969
to respond quickly,
with courage, compassion,

1434
01:15:24,970 --> 01:15:26,533
and cold, hard cash.

1435
01:15:29,470 --> 01:15:32,020
And if we responded to
slow motion disaster

1436
01:15:33,160 --> 01:15:35,453
the way we do a
sudden natural one,

1437
01:15:36,800 --> 01:15:40,719
the odds of saving a life,
just in the city of Chicago,

1438
01:15:40,720 --> 01:15:45,403
would be at least 3,200 to
one, no matter the weather.

1439
01:15:46,404 --> 01:15:48,987
(somber music)

1440
01:15:51,180 --> 01:15:53,593
So what's the best way
to prepare for disaster?

1441
01:15:54,600 --> 01:15:56,693
Or for that matter,
recover from one?

1442
01:16:00,050 --> 01:16:01,900
I guess it depends
on where you live.

1443
01:16:02,983 --> 01:16:06,486
And the kind of world
we wanna live in.

1444
01:16:06,501 --> 01:16:11,501
(gentle, somber music)
(fireworks popping)

1445
01:16:25,552 --> 01:16:27,802
(clicking)

1446
01:16:31,621 --> 01:16:34,871
(relaxed techno music)

1447
01:18:41,373 --> 01:18:44,706
(relaxed serious music)

1448
01:20:13,674 --> 01:20:16,924
(gentle, solemn music)

1449
01:20:36,381 --> 01:20:40,048
(relaxed techno music)

1450
01:21:31,855 --> 01:21:36,855
(light tonal music) (swishing)