WEBVTT

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[sil.]

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[music]

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This restaurant is my life.
I even gave it my name,

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\"Bishop’s.\" Owning a restaurant

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is like hosting a dinner party
for friends every night.

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But lately, people aren’t simply accepting

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the presentation on their plate. Customers wanna
know what’s in the food and how it’s grown.

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[music]

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It’s a minefield. They’re asking about

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chemicals and pesticides and last night someone
asked about genetically modified food.

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That threw me. I’m not sure what
you mean by genetically modified?

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I knew absolutely nothing about it.

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It made me question my
responsibility as a restaurateur.

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Food is my life. And yet, I
know so little about it.

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I need to learn how foods grown now

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and I think I know someone
who can get me started.

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[music]

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Michael Ableman’s book is a good
intro to, how food is produced?

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In the 1980s,

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he visited farmers all over the world.

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[music]

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When I had finished that part of my journey, I
needed to see… the impacts of our current system

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of our industrial system. So I
visited the… the vast fields of

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industrial agriculture in the
Central Valley of California.

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60% of the fruits and vegetables consumed in
North America produced in this one valley,

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these were vast lonely spaces.

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[sil.]

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Hundreds of acres with a single
tractor in the distance.

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But, then I discovered that the impacts of what
was happening in those fields went far beyond

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my immediate emotional experience.

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That people while they thought they were
buying cheap food were actually paying for it

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many times after they left the checkout
counter, in their personal health,

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in the health of the land. The people
doing the work are paying a heavy price.

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[sil.]

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I don’t think there are very many redeeming
qualities to… the industrialization of… of

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uh… our food system. It’s
unraveled our health

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and our environment and umm… we’re gonna
have to figure out a different way to do it.

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[music]

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Michael’s organic produce
goes to local markets.

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Yet I wonder, if all of food
needs can be supplied this way.

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Oh, wow! This is phenomenal. You tend
to pick them a little younger than

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you would typically get to converse
all of those normal salads.

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Okay. They were, they were quite a yellow
color before I cooked it. Yeah… yeah.

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Okay. I have an interest in the variety analysis.
Yeah, I don’t remember the name of them. Yeah.

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Are u sure? Okay… Actually,
you have a wonderful farm.

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I know it’s hard work. The lifestyle
we’re living in regards to food

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and our ability to have it that fresh, to me
it’s something that should be everyone’s right.

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My own father had a garden. I’m not sure
that how organic he was, but I know for sure

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that he valued uh… what that
garden brought to us as a family.

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And he valued flavor. And he valued flavor,
yes. I mean, we got it, we had our chickens

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in the backyard and… and had fresh eggs…
Um-hmm! …and… and fresh veggies and flowers

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and you know, in those days, most people
I should say had a… a backyard garden.

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Um-hmm! I don’t believe that a chef is a
chef unless they’ve had the opportunity to

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umm… understand some of these aspects of how
the food was grown and where it’s gone,

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and the… the process of
how it comes to them.

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It’s uncanny how Michael’s words hit home.
Does he know that last week

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I hadn’t even heard of GMO’s?
He’s challenging me to be

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more responsibly informed about the food I
serve. I have a lot of catching up to do.

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[music]

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[music]

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Tomato plants getting it on with plums, that’s
their idea where agriculture should go.

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Nobody wants to be near me because they’re afraid of my
pollen that it will blow on them and they’ll become like me.

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Oh, bursting with toxic
seeds that are in twisted.

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Nobody will eat us, they won’t
even take us in Europe.

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They are calling us contaminating
everything. It’s so sad.

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[music]

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This is also a part of their group
and this is an agricultural story

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on the benefits to the environment that hand
food safety and as well as to the consumer.

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Okay, thanks a lot. Thanks. Thank you for stopping. Thank you. You can
take some letters if you think you would. Yeah, yeah, thanks. Thank you.

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Biotechnology requires pure
chemicals to grow food.

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Biotechnology will produce higher
quality, more nutritious food.

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Biotechnology allows developing
countries to better feed

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their growing populations.
If it’s all so positive,

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what are those people outside concerned
about? I like in science to a dark room.

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And many people are afraid of the dark.
So its part of our job is to

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try to turn on the light. I think frankly, we’ve
learned a lot from discussions with those people.

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There are perspectives that we hadn’t seen. But, the important
thing is that we try our very best to answer those questions

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as best we can as best as science…
science and scientist like guy

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could help us with. Uh… Otherwise uh… we may not
have the acceptance that is important to society.

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We’re trying to give the… the most honest
and straightforward answers that we can.

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But, I think this is great stuff.
PR from the biotech industry

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and talking corn outside, but what I really
want to know is, how GMO’s are different from

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what my dad grew? In traditional
breeding genes are moved

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between the same are closely related
species. But in genetic engineering,

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genes are moved between totally different
life forms. Genes from diverse sources

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like other plants, animals, insects, fish,

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bacteria, and viruses are literally
inserted into plants with which

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they would never naturally breed.
I want to see them

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actually do it. So I visit a large
agricultural biotech company.

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What we do in here is all
of the work with genes,

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the basic work preparing genes. Yes.
That’s the… the DNA, the new DNA

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that we want to get into plants. We can’t just
move it straight in from one organism to another

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after it’s been isolated from one organism.
We’ve got to do a whole bunch of little things

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to get it in the right form so that it
meets our needs and we’ll be able to

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transfer it into our canola plants. The gene
is actually put into a little bacteria,

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a natural occurring bacterium called agro
bacterium and that’s our natural agent

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for transferring the DNA
into the plant cells.

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[music]

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These are young canola seedlings

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and what she’s doing is, she’s
cutting it into sections. Yes.

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And putting them into a liquid medium
that contains the agro bacterium.

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Over the course of 48 or 72
hours, some of the bacteria

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with a tiny new piece of
DNA added will move up

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to the end, to the cut end of this
tissue… Yes. …and they’ll sit

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right next to a plant cell. And if everything
goes well, some of them will transfer

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a little piece of DNA into the plant cell.

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It’s a small step wise process
recovering a plant out of this.

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This plant is big enough that we
can cut off one of the leaves,

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take it up stairs to the molecular lab
and they’ll extract the DNA from it

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and test for the presence of the gene. We’ll
only keep it if it’s got one copy of the gene

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and just the gene we want, nothing else.
And it’ll get transferred into soil

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and then grown up in a special chamber. Then it’ll
really look like a canola plant growing up.

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And that’s where you get your seeds. And… and that will
flower and produce seed. Sounds complicated enough for me.

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Well, it is complicated. And I talk
about it at a level like this,

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but they would never let me actually touch
anything in or try to do any of this work myself.

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Uh… That you never mind, now the
chef added. That’s right. Yeah.

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Well, with… with your culinary skills… Oh. …you could, you could probably work in
here. Thank you very much. You would, you would do better in here than I would.

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I’ll try to make a good meal

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using GM ingredients. They
aren’t labeled, but Malcolm says

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they’re in 60% to 70% of the
processed foods on these shelves.

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Unless it’s organic, we know we’re nowhere getting
GMO’s in all of the processed foods containing Soya,

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corn and canola oil. Let’s
see what we can rustle up.

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Oh, thank you.

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All right, my first to a GM feast.
A little bit of white wine

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to dilute the soup. A little bit. I
think I’m getting a Scottish accent.

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Well, if my accent rubs off in
you and your culinary skills

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rub off from me then we’re gonna be okay.

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Cheers. To the scientist. Cheers. Cheers.

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Very good. That’s a good
start after a long day.

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It is. Now, tell me about this canned soup.
What’s in it? In the canned soup, it’s chicken,

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canned chicken soup, but it has various other
ingredients in it. One of them is corn starch

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and there are various different
genetic and modified corn varieties

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that have been approved. The most likely
uh… genetic modification in this corn

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is with a gene that
configures insect resistance.

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This gene makes a special protein
which is very specific, it’s toxic

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only to certain classes of insects, kills the insects
and so it protects the corn from that inside damage.

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Does that mean the toxin is actually in the soup?
Well, let’s get one thing clear first of all,

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it’s a toxin which is toxic
only to certain insects.

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There’s no toxicity concern with you or me.
It’s in the corn

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when the corn is harvested in the corn
seed, it goes through the processing,

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but in the processing almost certainly
the… the toxin, the molecule,

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it’s a protein that’s made is degraded. And
that almost certainly destroys all of the toxin

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present in it. So what about the canola
in the mayonnaise and the salad dressing?

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Well, there are several types of genetically
modified canola that are available that farmers

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grow around here. Um-hmm! Uh… It’s
become very popular primarily because

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the major new trade that has
been introduced into this canola

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is a… a gene or a fact there are several different genes
which have been introduced that make the canola resistant

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to some particular herbicides.
And farmers like that because

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it makes weed control much easier for them. Weed
control and canola typically used to involve

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the use of at least two different herbicides,
sometimes three different herbicides.

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Now, what they can do is make one spray application
and control all the weeds in that single pass.

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Malcolm says, \"GMO’s are safe.\"

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But how does he know? We haven’t been
eating them long enough to know.

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Yes, they are approved by the government.
But, shockingly the government

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doesn’t do its own testing.
They get those safety studies

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from the companies that develop GM food.
The way the system works

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in terms of the testing of the safety of these things
is that we require information from the developers,

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be it a… a private company or a
public institution or university.

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Uh… That meet a very detail criteria that we have in our
guidelines. So it’s the responsibility of the developer

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to… to produce the information that the testing
information uh… to us. We’re interested in

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getting information about how these plants differ
from the original types of plants that we use.

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So are these things more weedy or invasive?
Uh… Is there a possibility that these things

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can pass the weedy or invasive type
characteristics from pollen, flow and so on?

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When you say weediness, what is that, I… I… I don’t quite
understand, is that that they spread like a weed or?

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That’s right. We’re interested in knowing uh… this…
this pick uh… an example of herbicide tolerant,

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uh… one of the herbicide tolerant canolas. Uh… We
need to know, is this herbicide tolerant canola

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more weedy than the regular canola plants?
To our knowledge that

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none of these canola plants exhibit any more invasive traits,
nor do they pass on such traits through a pollen farm.

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[music]

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I’ve now heard the industry
and government point of view.

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But, I know it’s not the whole
picture when I read about a man

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with a very different
experience of GM canola.

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The story is about Percy Schmeiser, a Saskatchewan
farmer who grew and developed his own canola seeds

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for over 53 years.

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Each year, he and his wife selected seeds
from their best canola plants for replanting.

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[music]

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He was known for canola plants that
were high yielding, disease resistant,

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and well suited to local conditions.
But in 1997,

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mixed in with his own crop, he
found canola he hadn’t planted.

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These new plants came from seeds genetically
modified by Monsanto Corporation

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to be resistant to their roundup herbicide.

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This is where we first launched it.

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You can see here

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uh… canola plants growing. Yep, um-hmm!
This here is a definitely

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uh… umm… a sample roundup ready canola plant
because uh… it was sprayed with roundup last year.

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And the seeds from its
parent plant did not die.

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A plant like this will produce
from 4,000 to 10,000 seeds.

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This canola in 50 years from now will
still be here. I’ve seen that in

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53 years of farming experience wherein
chemical companies came out with 2-4-D

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to kill wild mustard. And they said,
we will no longer have weeds,

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53 years later with hundreds of more chemicals
uh… we have more wild mustard than ever.

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That’s why they’re referring to genetic
altered canola as this new super weed.

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If I would proceed, I would have sued

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Monsanto amazingly, Monsanto sued
Percy for planting his own seeds

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which by now were contaminated
with Monsanto’s patented GM seeds.

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Farmer Percy Schmeiser says, he has no regrets about
going to court against Monsanto, but he lost.

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The Federal Court of Canada ruled
the Bruno area farmer is guilty of

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growing genetically altered canola without
a license. I’ve lost 50 years of work

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because of a company’s
seed, genetic altered seed

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getting into my crops, destroying what
I worked for, destroying my property

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and then get sued on top of that.
The judge ruled in his the…

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in his judgment that it didn’t matter how
it got onto my field. Whether it blew in,

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whether it come off of farm equipment
where the cross-pollinate,

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whether came in by birds, insect, animals, it didn’t
matter. The mere fact, that it’s on your field,

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you’re violating Monsanto’s
patent if you let it grow.

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And so the next step now is appeal because
I don’t think that uh… I don’t think that

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nobody would be safe, no farmer in the world would
be safe now, ever to be able to use his own seed.

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And in my case, I was a seed developer
and a seed saver. And that right

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has been taken away from me. My property
rights have been taken away. All my work in

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uh… 53 years of developing my own canola seed
is gone, it’s been destroyed. And if the right

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to be able to use your own seed is taken away from
you, the person that takes that right away from you

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is then in control of the seed supply. And
whoever’s in control of the seed supply

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will basically be in control of the food supply
because they can dictate who gets the seed

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how much… how much they paid and what chemicals they use/ And
eventually whoever controls the food supply will control

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a country or a nation.

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[music]

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If I was to take wild oats
with me up in an airplane

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and sprinkle them out as I was flying around Western
Canada, a farmer should be absolutely in sense.

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And they’d be after me
with every registered

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and unregistered rifle that they’ve got and
rightly so. There… that is terrible weed.

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But there is no difference in that between
me doing that and what the, what these

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uh… chemical companies and… and seed companies
are doing with their genetically modifying seeds

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because they know beyond the shadow of the door
that they’re just out of control. Once they get

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a multi-laboratory door and they don’t
care because it’s not turning up

00:19:50.000 --> 00:19:54.999
as a liability on their bottom line.

00:19:55.000 --> 00:19:59.999
The people who are being
targeted for prosecution

00:20:00.000 --> 00:20:04.999
are the people who have chosen
not to buy GM grain for seeding.

00:20:05.000 --> 00:20:09.999
If you’re already buying their product
they have no reason to go after you.

00:20:10.000 --> 00:20:14.999
If you are not buying their product
or you were not buying a GM seed of

00:20:15.000 --> 00:20:19.999
whatever kind it is, you are the ones that
are going to be targeted for prosecution.

00:20:20.000 --> 00:20:24.999
Count on it. I would
like to talk a bit about

00:20:25.000 --> 00:20:29.999
who owns and who controls the technology. When we’re
talking about biotechnology, we’re talking about

00:20:30.000 --> 00:20:34.999
just five companies. Five companies,
five multinationals control

00:20:35.000 --> 00:20:39.999
virtually 100% of all of the areas
zone to transgenic seeds last year

00:20:40.000 --> 00:20:44.999
on… on the entire planet, just five.
One company,

00:20:45.000 --> 00:20:49.999
Monsanto last year sold 94% of that.

00:20:50.000 --> 00:20:54.999
The other four companies made up
another 5%. Monsanto itself is

00:20:55.000 --> 00:20:59.999
94% of the cropping persona transgenics.
So really it’s an issue about Monsanto.

00:21:00.000 --> 00:21:04.999
The real question must be, who needs it?

00:21:05.000 --> 00:21:09.999
Don’t we have enough weed?

00:21:10.000 --> 00:21:14.999
Don’t we have enough canola? Or is there anything
wrong with the nutritional variety of our food?

00:21:15.000 --> 00:21:19.999
We know that at the present time we do not
need this technology. And why is it then that

00:21:20.000 --> 00:21:24.999
it is pressed upon us? GM is a
solution in search of a problem.

00:21:25.000 --> 00:21:29.999
We’re looking at something
where they found a way

00:21:30.000 --> 00:21:34.999
to do something. And now they need to find something
they can do it too and make money from it.

00:21:35.000 --> 00:21:39.999
If we as a society allow them
to do this, it’s our own fault.

00:21:40.000 --> 00:21:44.999
[music]

00:21:45.000 --> 00:21:49.999
I feel for Percy. it seems like a critical

00:21:50.000 --> 00:21:54.999
turning point for all the farmers.

00:21:55.000 --> 00:21:59.999
I want Monsanto’s point of view,

00:22:00.000 --> 00:22:04.999
but they refused to be filmed. And
then I discovered two journalists

00:22:05.000 --> 00:22:09.999
who did talk to Monsanto and
it changed their lives.

00:22:10.000 --> 00:22:14.999
We picked a story that happened to
be uh… a pretty hot topic I guess

00:22:15.000 --> 00:22:19.999
because it got us in hot water. But, it was a story
about Monsanto’s product Bovine growth hormone

00:22:20.000 --> 00:22:24.999
and how it is injected into dairy
cows in the United States.

00:22:25.000 --> 00:22:29.999
And umm… we were working for the Fox television station
in Florida at the time as the investigative reporters

00:22:30.000 --> 00:22:34.999
and found that it was used quite liberally
in Florida and that it changes the milk

00:22:35.000 --> 00:22:39.999
and that the FDA has not tested it
thoroughly. And a variety of other aspects

00:22:40.000 --> 00:22:44.999
to the story that made it a really good
story, an important story to tell.

00:22:45.000 --> 00:22:49.999
But, unfortunately Monsanto felt equally strong
that it was a story they didn’t want out.

00:22:50.000 --> 00:22:54.999
Monsanto had made it clear that they were
uh… likely to litigate the issue if we

00:22:55.000 --> 00:22:59.999
uh… went ahead with the story. There
were threats of dire consequences.

00:23:00.000 --> 00:23:04.999
And Fox who had promoted the story
suddenly decided to backtrack

00:23:05.000 --> 00:23:09.999
and uh… started criticizing us and
started to tearing a story about

00:23:10.000 --> 00:23:14.999
uh… a part. And uh… to make a
long story short, 8 months later

00:23:15.000 --> 00:23:19.999
and 83 rewrites later, they fired us.
As one of their lawyers said to us,

00:23:20.000 --> 00:23:24.999
\"Look, it doesn’t matter whether the facts are true, it
doesn’t matter that you have the facts well documented.

00:23:25.000 --> 00:23:29.999
It just isn’t worth from a business
decision. It just isn’t worth

00:23:30.000 --> 00:23:34.999
a couple of $100,000 to go up against Monsanto
in a court of law to defend the truth.\"

00:23:35.000 --> 00:23:39.999
Well, you know, that didn’t used to be the standard for
good journalism is, what does it cost to defend the truth?

00:23:40.000 --> 00:23:44.999
The standard used to be, is that the truth?
And is it important for people to know?

00:23:45.000 --> 00:23:49.999
The story Steve and Jane tell me
about BGH milk is frightening.

00:23:50.000 --> 00:23:54.999
Their censored evidence documented risks of
breast and colon cancer from drinking it.

00:23:55.000 --> 00:23:59.999
It cried for further testing,
but none was ever done.

00:24:00.000 --> 00:24:04.999
This was the first genetically
modified product to be used

00:24:05.000 --> 00:24:09.999
and fed to the public at large. The stakes
went far beyond how much money they invested

00:24:10.000 --> 00:24:14.999
in research and development. If this had flopped, if
this had been ruled unsafe, if this had been ruled

00:24:15.000 --> 00:24:19.999
to be accepted before it was
generally found to be safe,

00:24:20.000 --> 00:24:24.999
it would raise questions about the entire range of
genetically engineered foods that they had in the pipeline.

00:24:25.000 --> 00:24:29.999
So they had a huge stake in getting this approved,
very quietly getting it into the food supply

00:24:30.000 --> 00:24:34.999
and trying to convince everybody
that it’s safe. I’m amazed when

00:24:35.000 --> 00:24:39.999
Steve tells me that the United States is
the only major industrialized country

00:24:40.000 --> 00:24:44.999
in the world that approves the consumption of
BGH. Seems to me that if there’s nothing wrong

00:24:45.000 --> 00:24:49.999
with genetically modified products, why not label
them? Why not tell people this contains genetic?

00:24:50.000 --> 00:24:54.999
Well, they have such a high pitch of fit. When anybody
suggests they should label the products like milk,

00:24:55.000 --> 00:24:59.999
why not labeled milk is coming from
cows injected with artificial hormones?

00:25:00.000 --> 00:25:04.999
They don’t do that because they
know that people would not buy it.

00:25:05.000 --> 00:25:09.999
It’s not up to giant corporations to dictate to people
what they put in their own bodies. If I don’t wanna eat

00:25:10.000 --> 00:25:14.999
a genetically engineered tomato, that’s my choice. And
maybe it’s for a good reason and maybe I’m just ignorant

00:25:15.000 --> 00:25:19.999
and I ought not to be opposed to it. But
you know, it’s my body, it’s my choice.

00:25:20.000 --> 00:25:24.999
[music]

00:25:25.000 --> 00:25:29.999
Without labeling in North America,
we don’t know if we’re eating GMO’s.

00:25:30.000 --> 00:25:34.999
I can’t wait to meet European food
activists who did get GMO’s labeled.

00:25:35.000 --> 00:25:39.999
How do we feel about this? Is this is
reasonably safe, a little tomato juice.

00:25:40.000 --> 00:25:44.999
Yeah, I think that tomato juice umm… at the
moment in the UK won’t be genetically engineered.

00:25:45.000 --> 00:25:49.999
But the uh… putting into perspective,
the Biotechnology Industry Organization

00:25:50.000 --> 00:25:54.999
in the States just a few years ago said
that they hope that within 5 to 10 years,

00:25:55.000 --> 00:25:59.999
a 90% to 95% of all plant derived food in the United
States will come from genetically engineered source.

00:26:00.000 --> 00:26:04.999
That’s really the scale of the experiment that’s underway
rather than the precautionary approach being taken.

00:26:05.000 --> 00:26:09.999
Uh… And those of us who are critical of the technology
had been told that we need to Prevalite the proof

00:26:10.000 --> 00:26:14.999
that it’s causing harm umm… before they will stop it
or before they will take more precautionary approach.

00:26:15.000 --> 00:26:19.999
That’s… that’s turning a proper, that’s
turning, that’s turning wisdom upside down.

00:26:20.000 --> 00:26:24.999
How do you hope to change things?
It seems almost impossible to me.

00:26:25.000 --> 00:26:29.999
I think it’s impossible as long as uh… people just remain
concerned about it then it certainly will be impossible

00:26:30.000 --> 00:26:34.999
because uh… the… uh… the corporation
is certainly being very active.

00:26:35.000 --> 00:26:39.999
Umm… But if… if everyone is willing to take
responsibility uh… and to do something,

00:26:40.000 --> 00:26:44.999
whatever that is, umm… whatever their skills
uh… happen to be then… then I have no doubt

00:26:45.000 --> 00:26:49.999
that we can turn this around.

00:26:50.000 --> 00:26:54.999
[music]

00:26:55.000 --> 00:26:59.999
Where I live in Devon, the… government plans it a test
sites of genetically engineered corn right next door

00:27:00.000 --> 00:27:04.999
to local organic farm. He was told,
he was gonna lose his organic status

00:27:05.000 --> 00:27:09.999
umm… if his organic crop was cross pollinated and
umm… tried to get the government to stop planting it,

00:27:10.000 --> 00:27:14.999
in fact, into the government to court. But, the
judge ruled that he had neither the willingness

00:27:15.000 --> 00:27:19.999
nor the power to order the… the genetically engineered crop
be pulled up. So people went and pulled it up themselves.

00:27:20.000 --> 00:27:28.000
[music]

00:27:30.000 --> 00:27:34.999
So where are things now, Luke?
We’re now on the situation where

00:27:35.000 --> 00:27:39.999
we’ve got hundreds of test sites planted
around the country. There’s no full approval

00:27:40.000 --> 00:27:44.999
being granted yet for commercial planting.

00:27:45.000 --> 00:27:49.999
Umm… However, as a result of the massive
public pressure uh… and grassroots activism

00:27:50.000 --> 00:27:54.999
as well as major boycotts, online
supermarkets are not pledged,

00:27:55.000 --> 00:27:59.999
not to use genetic engineering ingredients in our
own brand products. And that that didn’t come about

00:28:00.000 --> 00:28:04.999
because the supermarkets work up one morning and decided
that they had some kind of enlightened perspective.

00:28:05.000 --> 00:28:09.999
It happened through a lot of work.
Those who oppose

00:28:10.000 --> 00:28:14.999
genetic engineering, I told that they’re standing in the way
of scientific progress. But, I think scientific progress

00:28:15.000 --> 00:28:19.999
really depends on your point of view. Again
and again we’ve seen uh… products introduced,

00:28:20.000 --> 00:28:24.999
umm… everyone’s been told that they’re absolutely safe
and they’re in fact they can be good for our society.

00:28:25.000 --> 00:28:29.999
And what we see 20 or 30 years down the line,
we see uh… people with cancers, we see

00:28:30.000 --> 00:28:34.999
devastation of ecosystems, massive
losses in biodiversity. And I think what

00:28:35.000 --> 00:28:39.999
grassroots activism is all about
is encouraging people to see that

00:28:40.000 --> 00:28:44.999
we have the power to create the
world that we want to live in.

00:28:45.000 --> 00:28:49.999
[music]

00:28:50.000 --> 00:28:54.999
Luke impresses me. But,
the biotech industry

00:28:55.000 --> 00:28:59.999
claims these people are denying a golden
biotech future to developing countries

00:29:00.000 --> 00:29:04.999
that need it most. When Luke shows me

00:29:05.000 --> 00:29:09.999
footage of Indian farmers burning GM
crops, I don’t know what to believe.

00:29:10.000 --> 00:29:14.999
[music]

00:29:15.000 --> 00:29:19.999
The last leg of my journey
takes me to India,

00:29:20.000 --> 00:29:24.999
home to one quarter of the world’s
farmers to find out for myself.

00:29:25.000 --> 00:29:29.999
I’m lucky to meet Vandana Shiva, a scientist
and eco activist. We have a campaign

00:29:30.000 --> 00:29:34.999
against roundup across the country
in every region where we work.

00:29:35.000 --> 00:29:39.999
Uh… Navdanya, this organization has set
up seed banks in seven states in India.

00:29:40.000 --> 00:29:44.999
And all those states have movements against roundup
because that’s the entry for genetic engineering.

00:29:45.000 --> 00:29:49.999
And roundup in India means that this
amazing diversity on our field ones,

00:29:50.000 --> 00:29:54.999
that gives us fodder and medicinal
plant, but that disappears.

00:29:55.000 --> 00:30:00.000
Uh… But, that disappears. Inside
our fields the free sources of…

00:30:15.000 --> 00:30:19.999
So what is going on here? Well, it’s
a seed selection. Group of farmers,

00:30:20.000 --> 00:30:24.999
They’ve come to see which of the
conserved seeds they would like.

00:30:25.000 --> 00:30:29.999
Those who have probably more animals are selecting
the tall varieties, so that they’ll get the fodder

00:30:30.000 --> 00:30:35.000
while they get the grain.

00:30:40.000 --> 00:30:44.999
We multiply on our own farm. But, we also give them seeds
to multiply for their villages and they then distribute.

00:30:45.000 --> 00:30:49.999
With this basic ethics of get back
twice as much as you’ve received.

00:30:50.000 --> 00:30:54.999
To me seed is the model of seed
exchange because you plant one wheat

00:30:55.000 --> 00:30:59.999
and you get those hundreds of seeds.

00:31:00.000 --> 00:31:04.999
You give one kilo to our farmers and
out of that you’re going to get seed

00:31:05.000 --> 00:31:09.999
for hundreds of farmers. Dr.
Shiva tells me her farm is

00:31:10.000 --> 00:31:14.999
reintroducing native plants
that disappeared in the 1960s.

00:31:15.000 --> 00:31:19.999
That’s when India went modern, mechanization,
chemical fertilizers, and pesticides.

00:31:20.000 --> 00:31:28.000
[music]

00:31:30.000 --> 00:31:34.999
They did get more wheat and more rice,

00:31:35.000 --> 00:31:39.999
but the range of crops was greatly reduced

00:31:40.000 --> 00:31:44.999
and the soil depleted.

00:31:45.000 --> 00:31:49.999
It seems to be such a rich wild life
here, birds, and insects flying around.

00:31:50.000 --> 00:31:54.999
They are coming back. Every
year we see more pollinators,

00:31:55.000 --> 00:31:59.999
we see more lady birds, we see more
friendly insects. The chemical use

00:32:00.000 --> 00:32:04.999
had literally wiped out, all biodiversity,
whether it was of insects, or it was of plants.

00:32:05.000 --> 00:32:09.999
Each year we see a higher
density of insects,

00:32:10.000 --> 00:32:14.999
they do the pest control work for us.

00:32:15.000 --> 00:32:19.999
The wonderful thing with organic agriculture
is, it’s not that there’s an absence of this.

00:32:20.000 --> 00:32:24.999
None of these crops are disease free. None of these fields
are pest free. It’s just that they kept within a threshold

00:32:25.000 --> 00:32:29.999
because of the balances. And then
we create these technologies

00:32:30.000 --> 00:32:34.999
to say we’ll have zero tolerance to disease
and we’ll have zero tolerance to best

00:32:35.000 --> 00:32:40.000
and we find the most violent weapons to knock out a disease
and we get harmless insects and pests becoming epidemics.

00:32:45.000 --> 00:32:49.999
The notion that present societies

00:32:50.000 --> 00:32:54.999
have not had science is totally false, it’s just that they have had
a different kind of science not with white lab coats and in labs.

00:32:55.000 --> 00:32:59.999
It’s in the field, it’s with nature and it’s
in every day and it’s embodied in culture.

00:33:00.000 --> 00:33:04.999
And it’s sophisticated. It’s very
sophisticated. And that falsehood and mythology

00:33:05.000 --> 00:33:09.999
that somehow with chemicals we get more food, with
genetic engineering we get for food, none of it is true.

00:33:10.000 --> 00:33:15.000
And yet it’s so deep in the heads
of those who’ve never farmed.

00:33:25.000 --> 00:33:29.999
The need to varieties of seeds

00:33:30.000 --> 00:33:34.999
evolved over centuries offer
us answers to everything

00:33:35.000 --> 00:33:39.999
that the genetic generic corporations are trying
to offer. The drought areas, there are prone areas

00:33:40.000 --> 00:33:44.999
have drought resistant varieties, the coastal areas,
where their salinity have salt resistant varieties.

00:33:45.000 --> 00:33:49.999
High altitude villages have
frost resistant varieties.

00:33:50.000 --> 00:33:54.999
All we need to do is save these
traits in our native varieties

00:33:55.000 --> 00:33:59.999
move the seeds around. That’s why we need to
keep the free exchange of seed available.

00:34:00.000 --> 00:34:04.999
As on a genetic engineering bringing
these traits to us as concern

00:34:05.000 --> 00:34:09.999
genetic engineering is very far from that
achievement. They haven’t yet got to the place

00:34:10.000 --> 00:34:14.999
where they understand how complex
genetic tricks work, which genes work

00:34:15.000 --> 00:34:19.999
to create drought resistance? Then do you think
do the biotech companies have anything to offer?

00:34:20.000 --> 00:34:24.999
Well, farming and agriculture is something

00:34:25.000 --> 00:34:29.999
countries like India have done
for centuries, 10,000 years.

00:34:30.000 --> 00:34:34.999
Umm… We, what we see with
the biotech companies

00:34:35.000 --> 00:34:39.999
is really chemical industry… industry
like Monsanto that gave us Agent Orange,

00:34:40.000 --> 00:34:44.999
like Syngenta, Seeburg (inaudible),
Sandoz that gave us all the pesticides.

00:34:45.000 --> 00:34:49.999
That is the kind of industry
that is now claiming to benefit

00:34:50.000 --> 00:34:54.999
third world agriculture. They know how to manipulate,
chemicals produce chemicals and manipulate plants,

00:34:55.000 --> 00:34:59.999
that is not about farming,
that’s not about good food.

00:35:00.000 --> 00:35:04.999
Till… till we have a system
in which every one of

00:35:05.000 --> 00:35:09.999
the scientists in these labs, every
one of their CEOs is put through

00:35:10.000 --> 00:35:14.999
one year in your restaurant and two years on this organic
farm, I don’t think they’ll have anything to give to us.

00:35:15.000 --> 00:35:19.999
I don’t want them in to place it off.

00:35:20.000 --> 00:35:24.999
I reluctantly leave
Vandana Shiva in Dehradun

00:35:25.000 --> 00:35:29.999
for the promise of a spring
planting feast in the south.

00:35:30.000 --> 00:35:38.000
[music]

00:35:40.000 --> 00:35:44.999
This is more like the India I expected.

00:35:45.000 --> 00:35:49.999
Dry, dusty and poor.

00:35:50.000 --> 00:35:54.999
[music]

00:35:55.000 --> 00:35:59.999
I’m heading to a small village

00:36:00.000 --> 00:36:05.000
where Canadian government funding supports
a return to traditional agriculture.

00:36:10.000 --> 00:36:14.999
You’ve come on a great day for us.
I mean, this is the New Year’s Day

00:36:15.000 --> 00:36:19.999
and uh… you can see the children are drawing
all kinds of design welcoming the people.

00:36:20.000 --> 00:36:24.999
Beautiful! It’s not particularly for you,
it’s for all the visitors today. I’m honored.

00:36:25.000 --> 00:36:29.999
[sil.]

00:36:30.000 --> 00:36:34.999
Since the nature takes on the new
colors and new truths in the spring,

00:36:35.000 --> 00:36:39.999
so this is the manner of spring
welcoming the people. Beautiful.

00:36:40.000 --> 00:36:48.000
[music]

00:37:25.000 --> 00:37:29.999
I’m not surprised to hear
most of the world’s food

00:37:30.000 --> 00:37:34.999
comes from small plots like these.
They remind me of

00:37:35.000 --> 00:37:40.000
the bounty of our family garden.

00:37:50.000 --> 00:37:54.999
Satheesh tells me that by
using organic fertilizer

00:37:55.000 --> 00:38:00.000
rather than chemicals, these farmers
have increased their yields by over 50%.

00:38:10.000 --> 00:38:14.999
[music]

00:38:15.000 --> 00:38:19.999
I met a farmer last week

00:38:20.000 --> 00:38:24.999
and this farmer cannot read and
write, he has never gone to school,

00:38:25.000 --> 00:38:29.999
he is a 65 plus year old person.
And he says that

00:38:30.000 --> 00:38:34.999
on his farm of 1.2 acres, he grows

00:38:35.000 --> 00:38:39.999
20 quintals of Finger millet.
And that’s 2000 Kilos of grain.

00:38:40.000 --> 00:38:44.999
From the time he started farming, he has never
gone to the market to buy a single grain of food

00:38:45.000 --> 00:38:49.999
to feed his family. And
this guy doesn’t use

00:38:50.000 --> 00:38:54.999
an Ounce of chemical on his farm,
no pesticides, nothing of this art

00:38:55.000 --> 00:38:59.999
plus many people in the village
in times of their need,

00:39:00.000 --> 00:39:04.999
they have borrowed grains from him.
So he has not only fed his family,

00:39:05.000 --> 00:39:09.999
but he has also fed his village. So
it’s this special knowledge of farmers

00:39:10.000 --> 00:39:14.999
which they use to understand the quality
of the soils, what is possible for that

00:39:15.000 --> 00:39:19.999
and so work with it, not against
it, not demand something

00:39:20.000 --> 00:39:24.999
that the soil cannot do.

00:39:25.000 --> 00:39:29.999
Even though the soil looks dry,

00:39:30.000 --> 00:39:34.999
there’s an amazing variety of plants.
I’m excited to taste the greens,

00:39:35.000 --> 00:39:39.999
Narsamma is collecting for our meal.
Satheesh, what do you say about

00:39:40.000 --> 00:39:44.999
the big biotech companies that
people like these farmers

00:39:45.000 --> 00:39:49.999
need genetically modified foods
in order to feed themselves?

00:39:50.000 --> 00:39:54.999
Yeah, I think

00:39:55.000 --> 00:39:59.999
umm… the way you put it feed themselves.
Who? Is the question,

00:40:00.000 --> 00:40:04.999
whether the biotech companies want to feed themselves
or to feed the people? If you’re saying that

00:40:05.000 --> 00:40:09.999
to feed the people are to, are to build
peoples health, they need GM foods.

00:40:10.000 --> 00:40:14.999
I think it’s one of the biggest
mythology being developed in our times.

00:40:15.000 --> 00:40:19.999
Just… just look at the foods. I’m…
I described each of these food

00:40:20.000 --> 00:40:24.999
comes from our fields and
with no biotechnology in it.

00:40:25.000 --> 00:40:29.999
And umm… you know, like… like this,
the little seed of a wild berry

00:40:30.000 --> 00:40:34.999
has plenty of oil in it, essential oil.

00:40:35.000 --> 00:40:39.999
And the foxtail millet which I’m using
today to cook, the foxtail millet

00:40:40.000 --> 00:40:44.999
has calcium and iron plenty in it.

00:40:45.000 --> 00:40:49.999
And this… and this… and this,
all of them grow by themselves.

00:40:50.000 --> 00:40:54.999
We have not planted the seeds of these
greens so that we get, except for this

00:40:55.000 --> 00:40:59.999
all the rest are uncultivated.
And all these

00:41:00.000 --> 00:41:04.999
uh… greens which the biotech industry
considers as wheat is used by us

00:41:05.000 --> 00:41:09.999
as greens and they give
us plenty of vitamin A

00:41:10.000 --> 00:41:14.999
and other kinds of energy that we need.
Our food, health, and hope

00:41:15.000 --> 00:41:19.999
doesn’t come from the biotech industry. It
comes from ourselves. And the knowledge

00:41:20.000 --> 00:41:24.999
that farmers like her have about
their foods and their agriculture.

00:41:25.000 --> 00:41:29.999
Their agriculture is so sophisticated that I
think our biotech industries can never even

00:41:30.000 --> 00:41:34.999
start understanding and appreciating
this depth and level of knowledge.

00:41:35.000 --> 00:41:39.999
And so why don’t we go now, we has talked
sufficient, why don’t we start the cooking itself?

00:41:40.000 --> 00:41:44.999
Sounds like a good idea. Yeah, okay. Right.

00:41:45.000 --> 00:41:49.999
I’ve heard Satheesh as a great cook.

00:41:50.000 --> 00:41:54.999
I add some chickpeas. This looks good.

00:41:55.000 --> 00:41:59.999
Colorful, isn’t it? Colorful. Red,
there’s yellow, there’s green.

00:42:00.000 --> 00:42:04.999
I can see the… the little chili
peppers looking in the… which means…

00:42:05.000 --> 00:42:09.999
Which will have frightened the light
out of you or…? No… no, I’m getting,

00:42:10.000 --> 00:42:14.999
I’m, I have a spicy palette. I don’t know why,
that (inaudible) but. Very nice. No, I like it.

00:42:15.000 --> 00:42:19.999
Satheesh, this looks really good.

00:42:20.000 --> 00:42:24.999
Everything is fresh, everything
local, everything is available

00:42:25.000 --> 00:42:29.999
within a few yards of each other. I
think that’s the philosophy which

00:42:30.000 --> 00:42:34.999
umm… brings together a whole
sense of security for people,

00:42:35.000 --> 00:42:39.999
including food security. And the second
thing which is very important is

00:42:40.000 --> 00:42:44.999
the way they look at food. It’s not just for
the humans that they’re growing the food for,

00:42:45.000 --> 00:42:49.999
they’re growing the food so that the hot soil
can be healthy, they’re growing the food

00:42:50.000 --> 00:42:54.999
so that by eating the fodder
their… their cattle can be healthy

00:42:55.000 --> 00:42:59.999
and eating the food, they
all also feel healthy.

00:43:00.000 --> 00:43:08.000
[music]

00:43:40.000 --> 00:43:44.999
I’m sad to leave. I’ve
really enjoyed the food,

00:43:45.000 --> 00:43:49.999
eating with my hands.

00:43:50.000 --> 00:43:54.999
I can’t remember ever feeling better.

00:43:55.000 --> 00:44:03.000
[sil.]

00:44:05.000 --> 00:44:09.999
The reddish soil, scrub brush,

00:44:10.000 --> 00:44:14.999
the countryside is surprisingly beautiful.

00:44:15.000 --> 00:44:19.999
I’ve made friends who’ve
been rich in my world.

00:44:20.000 --> 00:44:24.999
I think the people I’ve
met know what they need

00:44:25.000 --> 00:44:29.999
better than the biotech companies. And
their food is way more delicious.

00:44:30.000 --> 00:44:34.999
I’m returning home.

00:44:35.000 --> 00:44:40.000
[music]

00:44:45.000 --> 00:44:49.999
My journey has taken me

00:44:50.000 --> 00:44:54.999
halfway around the world and back.
And what I’ve learnt has changed me.

00:44:55.000 --> 00:45:03.000
[music]

00:45:05.000 --> 00:45:09.999
We’ve become 100% organic
in the restaurant now.

00:45:10.000 --> 00:45:14.999
[music]

00:45:15.000 --> 00:45:19.999
I’m telling people, why it’s important
to support organic farming?

00:45:20.000 --> 00:45:24.999
[music]

00:45:25.000 --> 00:45:29.999
It’s up to all of us to keep
our food choices alive.

00:45:30.000 --> 00:45:38.000
[music]

00:45:45.000 --> 00:45:49.999
I’m planning to become part
of an organic learning center

00:45:50.000 --> 00:45:54.999
where young chefs can see how food
is grown to share what I’ve learned.

00:45:55.000 --> 00:45:59.999
[music]

00:46:00.000 --> 00:46:05.000
What a journey it’s been.