00:00:01.434 --> 00:00:03.436
[orchestra playing
sustained note]

00:00:03.436 --> 00:00:05.872
♪

00:00:05.872 --> 00:00:07.741
[electric drill whirring]

00:00:07.741 --> 00:00:12.178
(woman #1)
We are going,
out of respect to Harper Lee,

00:00:12.178 --> 00:00:14.447
we're putting on a good show.

00:00:14.447 --> 00:00:17.016
[orchestra playing
gentle background score]

00:00:17.016 --> 00:00:30.397
♪

00:00:30.397 --> 00:00:33.199
[metal detector beeping]

00:00:33.867 --> 00:00:36.870
(woman #2)
We were just doing a play.

00:00:36.870 --> 00:00:39.105
We were putting
two schools together

00:00:39.105 --> 00:00:40.440
doing this play.

00:00:40.440 --> 00:00:43.443
Even the children
did not quite realize

00:00:43.443 --> 00:00:45.979
what was about to happen.

00:00:45.979 --> 00:00:50.116
(man #1)
We read it
as a story of the South,

00:00:50.116 --> 00:00:54.788
as a girl growing up
in a small town in the South.

00:00:54.788 --> 00:00:58.124
♪

00:00:58.124 --> 00:01:02.095
Later when the book just sort
of reverberated with people

00:01:02.095 --> 00:01:05.899
all across the world,
we started reading it

00:01:05.899 --> 00:01:09.035
for something different,
something deeper.

00:01:09.035 --> 00:01:11.037
[siren wailing]

00:01:11.037 --> 00:01:13.873
♪

00:01:13.873 --> 00:01:16.876
It was a story of good and evil,

00:01:16.876 --> 00:01:21.381
of a person who was defenseless
in a society that was apartheid.

00:01:22.348 --> 00:01:26.119
(woman #3)
People want to see
if the South repented.

00:01:26.119 --> 00:01:29.155
It's how America works
through this original sin,

00:01:29.155 --> 00:01:32.292
and To Kill a Mockingbird
is the book

00:01:32.292 --> 00:01:33.793
about the original sin.

00:01:33.793 --> 00:01:36.729
♪

00:01:36.729 --> 00:01:39.599
We've taken down
the visible signs.

00:01:39.599 --> 00:01:42.235
We don't have colored
and white signs,

00:01:42.235 --> 00:01:46.339
but the real question is,
have our hearts changed?

00:01:46.339 --> 00:02:14.667
♪

00:02:14.667 --> 00:02:16.536
(young man #1)
Yay!

00:02:16.536 --> 00:02:18.004
Hi!

00:02:18.471 --> 00:02:20.440
Have we met
everybody?

00:02:20.440 --> 00:02:22.442
(person)
Hi!

00:02:23.209 --> 00:02:24.711
(young woman)
I'm Kim.

00:02:24.711 --> 00:02:26.212
(young man)
I'm Neal.

00:02:26.212 --> 00:02:28.147
(woman #4)
The first day,

00:02:28.147 --> 00:02:30.416
they walked in,
watching and listening

00:02:30.416 --> 00:02:35.488
to them talk,
they were so prepared.

00:02:35.488 --> 00:02:38.858
I think if they had any
problems with self-esteem

00:02:38.858 --> 00:02:42.228
or with accomplishment,
this just sort of capped it.

00:02:42.228 --> 00:02:43.997
"I can do this."

00:02:43.997 --> 00:02:46.332
What's a song?
What's a song?

00:02:47.467 --> 00:02:50.837
(young woman)
I think
the black and white issue

00:02:50.837 --> 00:02:54.007
was really at the forefront
of everybody's mind

00:02:54.007 --> 00:02:57.610
because just looking at where
the cast came from.

00:02:57.610 --> 00:02:59.445
That was the idea

00:02:59.445 --> 00:03:03.383
was black kids and white kids
coming together.

00:03:03.383 --> 00:03:07.220
(woman #1)
Circle up! Chat, chat, chat.

00:03:08.755 --> 00:03:14.327
You do come
from two different communities.

00:03:15.395 --> 00:03:19.832
So your experiences are entirely
different from each other's.

00:03:19.832 --> 00:03:23.970
(young man)
When they came, they didn't have
a theater department.

00:03:23.970 --> 00:03:27.373
I learned how grateful
we should be

00:03:27.373 --> 00:03:29.342
for something like a theater.

00:03:30.076 --> 00:03:32.912
(man)
This will mainly be seen.

00:03:32.912 --> 00:03:37.116
A doorway and a porch that
represents Atticus's house.

00:03:37.116 --> 00:03:40.453
(young woman)
It was awkward in the library.

00:03:40.453 --> 00:03:43.990
They were observing us like
we were observing them.

00:03:43.990 --> 00:03:46.225
(young man)
I was thinking,

00:03:46.225 --> 00:03:49.228
it's gonna be Mountain
people on one side

00:03:49.228 --> 00:03:51.631
and Fairfield people
on the other.

00:03:51.631 --> 00:03:54.133
(young man)
I was skeptical.

00:03:54.133 --> 00:03:58.271
If you come from a white school
to a black school,

00:03:58.271 --> 00:03:59.772
you have a perception.

00:03:59.772 --> 00:04:01.107
(man)
You see--

00:04:01.107 --> 00:04:02.442
(young woman #1)
Who is Scout?

00:04:02.442 --> 00:04:04.210
(young man #2)
Scout will be Regan.

00:04:04.210 --> 00:04:06.846
(young man)
I thought they were bougie

00:04:06.846 --> 00:04:09.182
'cause they lived in big houses.

00:04:09.182 --> 00:04:11.217
I'm just somebody
from Fairfield.

00:04:11.217 --> 00:04:13.386
[multiple indistinct
conversations]

00:04:21.861 --> 00:04:24.397
(young woman)
Will I feel comfortable?

00:04:24.397 --> 00:04:28.668
We were raised differently,
and how will we get along?

00:04:32.905 --> 00:04:35.041
[gentle guitar and piano score]

00:04:35.041 --> 00:04:37.710
(man)
I think I was pretty young.

00:04:37.710 --> 00:04:42.248
I'd say probably 15, 16,
and there used to be movies

00:04:42.248 --> 00:04:45.251
that would come on
in the afternoon.

00:04:45.251 --> 00:04:48.821
That was the first I saw it,
with commercials.

00:04:48.821 --> 00:04:54.360
I've never seen it in a theater,
but I've seen it on my iPad.

00:04:54.360 --> 00:04:56.696
My maternal grandmother
and her brothers

00:04:56.696 --> 00:04:59.499
are all very, very Southern,

00:04:59.499 --> 00:05:03.269
so this way of life
is quite familiar to me.

00:05:04.037 --> 00:05:06.039
And like so many Americans,

00:05:06.039 --> 00:05:09.342
I just gravitate
so much toward the story

00:05:09.342 --> 00:05:12.445
in book form
or on the big screen.

00:05:13.813 --> 00:05:16.883
(female "Scout")
Maycomb was a tired, old town,

00:05:16.883 --> 00:05:19.986
even in 1932
when I first knew it.

00:05:20.386 --> 00:05:22.822
(young woman)
"Somehow, it was hotter then.

00:05:23.356 --> 00:05:26.859
"Men's stiff collars
wilted by 9 in the morning.

00:05:26.859 --> 00:05:30.663
"Ladies bathed before noon,
after their 3 o'clock naps,

00:05:30.663 --> 00:05:33.299
"and by nightfall
were like soft teacakes

00:05:33.299 --> 00:05:35.935
with frostings of sweat
and sweet talcum."

00:05:35.935 --> 00:05:37.804
[gentle orchestral score]

00:05:37.804 --> 00:05:40.440
(Scout)
That summer I was six years old.

00:05:40.440 --> 00:05:42.408
Morning,
Mr. Cunningham!

00:05:42.408 --> 00:05:45.778
(man)
We hear the story
not through a woman

00:05:45.778 --> 00:05:48.848
but through the eyes
of a little child.

00:05:48.848 --> 00:05:50.783
It's as if what occurred

00:05:50.783 --> 00:05:53.386
on a front porch
before air conditioning

00:05:53.386 --> 00:05:54.721
and before television.

00:05:54.721 --> 00:05:56.322
In the early evening,

00:05:56.322 --> 00:05:59.358
when the old
and little ones gathered,

00:05:59.358 --> 00:06:02.662
and you had multiple generations
telling their stories.

00:06:02.662 --> 00:06:06.899
♪

00:06:06.899 --> 00:06:10.903
(woman)
Harper Lee describes
this novel as a love story...

00:06:12.538 --> 00:06:16.209
love of the South,
love of a small town,

00:06:16.209 --> 00:06:19.979
love of a father
for his son and his daughter.

00:06:20.847 --> 00:06:23.483
(man)
It's about what life was like

00:06:23.483 --> 00:06:27.553
in a particular squeeze of time

00:06:28.287 --> 00:06:31.324
that is really not
that squeeze of time.

00:06:31.324 --> 00:06:33.292
It spans generations.

00:06:35.461 --> 00:06:39.332
(woman)
It reminds a lot of adults
of their childhood

00:06:39.332 --> 00:06:43.202
or maybe how they wish their
childhood could have been.

00:06:44.337 --> 00:06:47.740
It's stepping back
into what we like to think

00:06:47.740 --> 00:06:50.143
as a more innocent time,

00:06:50.143 --> 00:06:54.447
but then there's
that undercurrent that's there,

00:06:54.447 --> 00:06:59.018
the more sinister aspect of our
social structure of the time.

00:06:59.018 --> 00:07:00.987
♪

00:07:01.654 --> 00:07:04.423
[indistinct talking]

00:07:04.423 --> 00:07:06.659
(Howze)
One, two, and sing--

00:07:06.659 --> 00:07:10.129
(choir)
♪ Give me that
old-time religion ♪

00:07:10.129 --> 00:07:12.064
(Howze)
It's that person's background.

00:07:12.064 --> 00:07:15.468
It's what they bring
that will determine

00:07:15.468 --> 00:07:18.871
what benefit it is to them,
white or black.

00:07:18.871 --> 00:07:21.240
(choir)
♪ Give me that
old-time religion ♪

00:07:21.240 --> 00:07:25.011
(Howze)
Y'all are not comin' in.
You got, "Yeah, yeah."

00:07:25.011 --> 00:07:29.916
(Yates)
All mics have got to be checked
by 5:30, OK?

00:07:31.150 --> 00:07:33.786
We have ten minutes
on this schedule

00:07:33.786 --> 00:07:37.056
I'm puttin' us on,
so everybody be quiet.

00:07:37.056 --> 00:07:39.692
I don't know
if you've realized it,

00:07:39.692 --> 00:07:41.961
but you are gonna work nonstop

00:07:41.961 --> 00:07:46.132
from the time you get up
until you go to bed

00:07:46.132 --> 00:07:49.468
at about 11
or 11:30 every night.

00:07:49.468 --> 00:07:53.739
Your number-one priority
is this show.

00:07:53.739 --> 00:07:56.843
[indistinct talking]

00:07:56.843 --> 00:08:00.913
Doing a show like this
is perfect

00:08:00.913 --> 00:08:05.985
because they have to look
at where we've been

00:08:05.985 --> 00:08:09.889
as a people, where we are now,

00:08:09.889 --> 00:08:14.393
and they have a glimpse
of where we'll end up.

00:08:15.595 --> 00:08:18.698
Let's go see what
this looks like.

00:08:18.698 --> 00:08:22.468
(Eric Holder)
To Kill a Mockingbird
works on different levels.

00:08:22.468 --> 00:08:25.104
I'm a lawyer,
I'm an African American,

00:08:25.104 --> 00:08:27.506
I'm a student of history, and...

00:08:28.307 --> 00:08:33.713
It's a tale of courage.
It's a tale of law gone wrong.

00:08:34.814 --> 00:08:38.584
It's also a tale
of what a group of people,

00:08:38.584 --> 00:08:41.020
my people,
faced in this country.

00:08:41.020 --> 00:08:44.190
[strings lead
suspenseful orchestration]

00:08:44.190 --> 00:08:47.393
(man)
The original sin was committing

00:08:47.393 --> 00:08:50.596
to an arrangement that tolerated
slavery and freedom

00:08:50.596 --> 00:08:52.698
within the same framework,

00:08:52.698 --> 00:08:54.967
but the fundamentals
of that system

00:08:54.967 --> 00:08:57.737
are so at utter variance

00:08:57.737 --> 00:09:01.207
with the fundamentals
of any democratic system.

00:09:01.207 --> 00:09:04.243
It was the original sin
of the country

00:09:04.243 --> 00:09:07.179
to commit to that kind
of arrangement

00:09:07.179 --> 00:09:12.251
which compromised everyone
and continues to, to this day.

00:09:12.251 --> 00:09:17.189
(female vocalist)
♪ On my way to Canaan Land ♪

00:09:18.391 --> 00:09:20.993
♪ On my way ♪

00:09:20.993 --> 00:09:23.396
♪ Well, to Canaan land ♪

00:09:23.396 --> 00:09:25.498
(woman)
When history is happening,

00:09:25.498 --> 00:09:30.303
those who are going through it
can't get traction.

00:09:30.303 --> 00:09:32.939
You can't figure it out.

00:09:34.307 --> 00:09:37.677
Harper Lee felt the best way
she could write

00:09:37.677 --> 00:09:41.047
about what was going
on in her native region

00:09:41.047 --> 00:09:46.252
was to set it in the '30s
instead of in the late '50s

00:09:46.252 --> 00:09:48.788
when she was writing it.

00:09:48.788 --> 00:09:51.490
(man)
I think maybe she was inspired

00:09:51.490 --> 00:09:56.095
by what she saw, what she felt.

00:09:56.095 --> 00:10:01.867
And maybe, just maybe,
she would touch or inspire

00:10:01.867 --> 00:10:06.872
by the spirit of her history,
to pick up a pen and write.

00:10:06.872 --> 00:10:09.608
(choir)
♪ Ride on King Jesus ♪

00:10:09.608 --> 00:10:13.579
♪ No man can a-hinder thee ♪

00:10:13.579 --> 00:10:15.181
♪ Ride on... ♪

00:10:15.181 --> 00:10:17.016
(man #2)
Growing up,

00:10:17.016 --> 00:10:20.920
Birmingham was a strictly
segregated city by law,

00:10:20.920 --> 00:10:23.055
and the segregation
was complete.

00:10:23.689 --> 00:10:25.925
(John Lewis)
You couldn't go downstairs

00:10:25.925 --> 00:10:27.426
to see a movie.

00:10:27.426 --> 00:10:29.362
You had to go upstairs.

00:10:29.362 --> 00:10:33.265
You saw all the little
white children downstairs

00:10:33.265 --> 00:10:38.170
and all us little black kids
had to go upstairs,

00:10:38.170 --> 00:10:42.375
and you knew where to drink
and where not to drink.

00:10:42.375 --> 00:10:43.876
Black and white people

00:10:43.876 --> 00:10:46.245
were forbidden
to play games together,

00:10:46.245 --> 00:10:48.714
checkers or dominoes.

00:10:49.749 --> 00:10:51.951
Sports like baseball
and football

00:10:51.951 --> 00:10:53.619
were forbidden as well,

00:10:53.619 --> 00:10:58.190
and most black people I knew
were afraid of white people.

00:10:59.392 --> 00:11:02.028
(woman)
We couldn't go to Kiddieland

00:11:02.028 --> 00:11:03.529
or the public library.

00:11:03.529 --> 00:11:06.699
We couldn't go
to the public swimming pools.

00:11:08.234 --> 00:11:10.503
When we went into the stores,

00:11:10.503 --> 00:11:12.738
you couldn't try on the clothes.

00:11:13.472 --> 00:11:18.411
I won the Alabama State
Spelling Championship, 1960...

00:11:20.212 --> 00:11:23.215
but could not go
to the national competition

00:11:23.215 --> 00:11:25.851
because blacks weren't
permitted to be part

00:11:25.851 --> 00:11:27.620
of the national competition.

00:11:28.587 --> 00:11:31.457
(woman)
I was born a year after

00:11:31.457 --> 00:11:33.793
Brown vs. Board of Education.

00:11:33.793 --> 00:11:37.463
♪

00:11:37.463 --> 00:11:39.965
My mother fully expected
her children

00:11:39.965 --> 00:11:41.767
would attend integrated schools.

00:11:41.767 --> 00:11:43.436
We did not.

00:11:44.236 --> 00:11:48.074
I attended segregated schools
through the 10th grade.

00:11:48.074 --> 00:11:52.178
I did not know
any white people socially.

00:11:52.178 --> 00:11:54.713
It was a very segregated world.

00:11:55.548 --> 00:11:58.818
(man)
There were two
distinct neighborhoods.

00:11:58.818 --> 00:12:01.253
There were the white
suburb neighborhoods,

00:12:01.253 --> 00:12:03.522
and there was
the black neighborhood.

00:12:04.690 --> 00:12:06.926
Those two never met at all.

00:12:06.926 --> 00:12:10.329
The only time I would
be exposed to that

00:12:10.329 --> 00:12:12.198
was when maid would come.

00:12:12.198 --> 00:12:15.601
Black people couldn't look
a white in the eye.

00:12:15.601 --> 00:12:17.103
How many remember that?

00:12:17.103 --> 00:12:20.873
Eyes had to be on
the ground all the time,

00:12:20.873 --> 00:12:24.710
and this is 1960 still.

00:12:24.710 --> 00:12:27.713
♪

00:12:27.713 --> 00:12:29.448
[metal detector beeping]

00:12:32.318 --> 00:12:35.154
We weren't around
in segregation times,

00:12:35.154 --> 00:12:37.690
like in the 1960s,

00:12:37.690 --> 00:12:40.126
but segregation
is not completely over.

00:12:40.626 --> 00:12:43.762
(woman #5)
We are not a segregated school.

00:12:43.762 --> 00:12:46.031
Mount Brook isn't
a segregated school,

00:12:46.031 --> 00:12:50.569
but there are no white kids
here and no black kids there.

00:12:51.871 --> 00:12:54.140
(young woman)
It's majority black here.

00:12:54.140 --> 00:12:57.076
We may have a few Hispanics,

00:12:57.076 --> 00:13:01.514
but as far as white,
we never had any.

00:13:01.514 --> 00:13:06.552
(young man)
There's not that much
evidence of prejudice,

00:13:06.552 --> 00:13:10.356
maybe because there's no one
to be prejudiced against.

00:13:12.291 --> 00:13:14.560
(young woman)
Everyone thinks we're rich,

00:13:14.560 --> 00:13:18.430
we're stuck up,
we are materialistic.

00:13:20.599 --> 00:13:22.601
[guitar notes echoing]

00:13:22.601 --> 00:13:25.971
(Roman)
We're in the east;
they're in the west.

00:13:25.971 --> 00:13:28.974
Most don't get to go
to Mount Brook.

00:13:28.974 --> 00:13:31.710
Most Mount Brookians
don't come to Fairfield.

00:13:34.113 --> 00:13:36.749
(young man)
We don't have an understanding

00:13:36.749 --> 00:13:38.651
of anything
outside of ourselves.

00:13:38.651 --> 00:13:40.853
We live a sheltered life.

00:13:40.853 --> 00:13:43.889
We aren't forced to understand

00:13:43.889 --> 00:13:46.525
or comprehend
what we don't have to.

00:13:47.293 --> 00:13:50.229
[shouted football plays]

00:13:50.229 --> 00:13:58.237
♪

00:13:59.238 --> 00:14:02.174
(Yates)
Places. Let's go.

00:14:03.409 --> 00:14:06.045
(Flynt)
We get to that point

00:14:06.045 --> 00:14:10.182
where we try to figure,
how did I get this way?

00:14:10.182 --> 00:14:14.787
And, to me, the beauty of that
novel is the adult Scout

00:14:14.787 --> 00:14:18.157
reminiscing about what
the young Scout learned

00:14:18.157 --> 00:14:20.526
and how she learned it.

00:14:20.526 --> 00:14:23.429
(Gena)
"My name is Jean Louise,

00:14:23.429 --> 00:14:27.399
but when I was that young
girl, they called me Scout."

00:14:29.101 --> 00:14:33.239
(Katie Couric)
I see Scout in me;
I was pretty precocious.

00:14:33.239 --> 00:14:37.743
I didn't get in as many fights
at school as Scout did,

00:14:37.743 --> 00:14:41.513
but I was one of the boys
in our neighborhood.

00:14:41.914 --> 00:14:45.684
(Badham)
I was just like Scout;
I was a tomboy.

00:14:45.684 --> 00:14:49.088
Don't give me dresses;
don't funsy munsy me up.

00:14:49.088 --> 00:14:50.689
I can't handle it.

00:14:50.689 --> 00:14:53.192
(Gena)
"I ran home,
and on our front porch,

00:14:53.192 --> 00:14:54.526
"I examined my loot.

00:14:54.526 --> 00:14:55.861
"The gum looked fresh.

00:14:55.861 --> 00:14:58.264
"I sniffed it,
and it smelled all right.

00:14:58.264 --> 00:15:00.666
"I licked it and waited
for a while.

00:15:00.666 --> 00:15:03.969
"When I did not die,
I crammed it into my mouth:

00:15:03.969 --> 00:15:05.671
"Wrigley's Double Mint."

00:15:05.671 --> 00:15:08.707
(Katie Couric)
The reason this novel and movie

00:15:08.707 --> 00:15:10.876
are so powerful is,

00:15:10.876 --> 00:15:14.880
you see events unfold
through Scout's eyes.

00:15:14.880 --> 00:15:17.349
You see
the childlike innocence.

00:15:17.349 --> 00:15:19.718
You see her learning, evolving.

00:15:19.718 --> 00:15:22.721
Atticus, I'm not going back
to school anymore.

00:15:22.721 --> 00:15:25.357
Now Scout,
it's just the first day.

00:15:25.357 --> 00:15:28.494
(Scout)
I don't care.
Everything went wrong.

00:15:28.494 --> 00:15:30.896
(woman)
Scout was so innocent.

00:15:30.896 --> 00:15:32.765
She was coming of age.

00:15:32.765 --> 00:15:34.867
She didn't understand the world.

00:15:34.867 --> 00:15:36.235
She's a firecracker.

00:15:36.235 --> 00:15:38.804
Explain to that dumb teacher...

00:15:38.804 --> 00:15:42.541
(Regan)
Scout says what she wants
when she wants.

00:15:42.541 --> 00:15:45.577
A lot of women,
especially in the South,

00:15:45.577 --> 00:15:47.379
identified with Scout.

00:15:47.379 --> 00:15:50.149
[busy string
and piano arrangement]

00:15:50.149 --> 00:15:53.519
Back when I was growing up,
girls were raised

00:15:53.519 --> 00:15:56.722
to be mothers
and home keepers, OK?

00:15:57.890 --> 00:16:01.293
You had to learn how do
little tea sandwiches

00:16:01.293 --> 00:16:03.262
and do the flower arrangements.

00:16:03.262 --> 00:16:08.233
♪

00:16:08.233 --> 00:16:12.304
We could not even go
to the grocery story, y'all,

00:16:12.304 --> 00:16:14.940
without gloves,
the hat, and shoes.

00:16:14.940 --> 00:16:19.078
Everything had to be perfect;
you had to look just so.

00:16:19.078 --> 00:16:22.081
You were just going
to the grocery store!

00:16:23.182 --> 00:16:28.087
(woman)
For a young girl from the South
to have a female protagonist

00:16:28.087 --> 00:16:32.224
who is strong, active and has
opinions and is a reader

00:16:32.224 --> 00:16:36.362
and seems to have a curiosity
about the world around her

00:16:36.362 --> 00:16:38.530
was just hugely important.

00:16:38.530 --> 00:16:44.570
♪

00:16:44.570 --> 00:16:46.839
[horns rise ominously]

00:16:46.839 --> 00:16:49.341
♪

00:16:49.341 --> 00:16:51.243
Scout get
away from there!

00:16:51.243 --> 00:16:52.845
Scout,
come on!

00:16:52.845 --> 00:16:54.613
[tentative piano score]

00:16:54.613 --> 00:16:57.216
(man)
There's this strong,
strong thread

00:16:57.216 --> 00:17:00.386
of intolerance
throughout the book.

00:17:00.386 --> 00:17:04.356
There's this evil
lurking through the book.

00:17:04.356 --> 00:17:10.362
Then there's this magical
figure of Boo Radley,

00:17:10.362 --> 00:17:16.068
who is hiding over there
somewhere in the shadows.

00:17:16.068 --> 00:17:18.404
[dark piano score]

00:17:18.404 --> 00:17:21.874
(Gena)
"Inside the house
lived a malevolent phantom.

00:17:21.874 --> 00:17:25.477
"People said he existed, but
Jem and I had never seen him.

00:17:25.477 --> 00:17:29.081
"People said he went out at
night when the moon was down

00:17:29.081 --> 00:17:30.449
"and peeked in windows.

00:17:30.449 --> 00:17:32.851
"When people's azaleas
froze in a cold snap,

00:17:32.851 --> 00:17:35.254
it was because he
had breathed on them."

00:17:36.622 --> 00:17:39.591
(Greenhaw)
He can be whatever you wish,

00:17:39.591 --> 00:17:44.329
and that's what Jem
and Scout and Dill do.

00:17:44.329 --> 00:17:47.733
And it's really Dill,
the outsider, who comes in

00:17:47.733 --> 00:17:51.103
and said, "We have to find
Boo; where's Boo?"

00:17:52.538 --> 00:17:54.773
(young man)
Before doing this play,

00:17:54.773 --> 00:17:57.776
I never understood
the point of Boo Radley.

00:17:57.776 --> 00:17:59.745
When I read the book,

00:17:59.745 --> 00:18:03.248
I didn't see how that
fit into racism.

00:18:03.248 --> 00:18:06.251
(young man)
Boo could apply to any number

00:18:06.251 --> 00:18:07.753
of individuals and groups

00:18:07.753 --> 00:18:09.855
who have been
discriminated against.

00:18:09.855 --> 00:18:14.193
I could apply Boo to anywhere
from autistic people

00:18:14.193 --> 00:18:18.197
to people from foreign countries
to homosexual people.

00:18:18.197 --> 00:18:23.335
I think he is the,
um, poster child

00:18:23.335 --> 00:18:25.537
for the disadvantaged minority.

00:18:25.537 --> 00:18:26.872
One.

00:18:27.973 --> 00:18:33.145
(young man #3)
When I read the book,
it spoke to me.

00:18:33.145 --> 00:18:37.282
It came at the perfect time;
I was able to understand

00:18:37.282 --> 00:18:39.184
I didn't have to change.

00:18:39.184 --> 00:18:41.487
I could be who I am.

00:18:41.487 --> 00:18:46.358
(Yates)
I had several who said
that they could relate to Boo

00:18:46.358 --> 00:18:50.195
because he was misunderstood

00:18:50.195 --> 00:18:54.333
and that they remembered feeling
like that in junior high school.

00:18:54.333 --> 00:18:57.970
[shouting]
All right guys,
this is just a run-through.

00:18:57.970 --> 00:19:00.606
(Katie Couric)
So much of our bigotry

00:19:00.606 --> 00:19:03.475
is based on fear and ignorance.

00:19:05.344 --> 00:19:07.513
Boo represents that.

00:19:07.513 --> 00:19:10.182
(Howze)
Keep that energy level up.

00:19:10.182 --> 00:19:14.086
You can--you can act;
you can sing too.

00:19:14.086 --> 00:19:15.988
(young woman #3)
Should we look at you?

00:19:15.988 --> 00:19:17.356
(Howze)
Yes.

00:19:17.356 --> 00:19:18.690
(young woman #3)
OK.

00:19:20.559 --> 00:19:22.561
Excuse me;
I'm very busy.

00:19:22.561 --> 00:19:26.465
Hey Cap'n, somebody told
me just now that, uh,

00:19:26.465 --> 00:19:28.901
they thought
that you believed

00:19:28.901 --> 00:19:31.169
Tom Robinson's story
ag'in ours.

00:19:31.169 --> 00:19:33.805
(Flynt)
You understand
To Kill A Mockingbird

00:19:33.805 --> 00:19:36.141
in terms of class.

00:19:36.141 --> 00:19:39.211
I said, "You wrong,
man; you dead wrong!"

00:19:39.211 --> 00:19:43.248
We have two tenant farm
families, both white--

00:19:43.248 --> 00:19:46.451
the Ewell Family,
lazy, worthless, sorry,

00:19:46.451 --> 00:19:48.220
moral degenerate people.

00:19:49.588 --> 00:19:52.224
(David)
"Atticus said the Ewells
had been the disgrace

00:19:52.224 --> 00:19:53.592
"of Maycomb
for three generations.

00:19:53.592 --> 00:19:56.028
"None of them had done
an honest day's work

00:19:56.028 --> 00:19:57.729
in his recollection."

00:19:57.729 --> 00:20:01.133
"They were people,
but they lived like animals."

00:20:01.133 --> 00:20:04.770
(man)
My people were
blue-collar working people

00:20:04.770 --> 00:20:11.276
who did their best to provide
a decent life for their people.

00:20:11.276 --> 00:20:15.447
Mixed in among us, there
was probably a Ewell or two

00:20:15.447 --> 00:20:17.482
or twelve.

00:20:17.482 --> 00:20:20.886
There were folks who would
rather drink than eat,

00:20:20.886 --> 00:20:24.723
and there were folks
who needed to hate somebody.

00:20:24.723 --> 00:20:26.959
Watch tricky lawyers
like Atticus--

00:20:26.959 --> 00:20:28.994
(Bragg)
I recognize that meanness,

00:20:28.994 --> 00:20:32.364
and I certainly know
what that phrase

00:20:32.364 --> 00:20:36.101
about no amount of money would
ever change their situation.

00:20:36.101 --> 00:20:40.973
I play a farmer who requires
Atticus's services.

00:20:40.973 --> 00:20:42.975
Good morning,
Walter.

00:20:42.975 --> 00:20:47.546
(Will)
But he can only pay with turnip
greens and stovewood.

00:20:47.546 --> 00:20:50.449
I brung these nuts
as my entailment.

00:20:50.449 --> 00:20:54.019
(Flynt)
Then we have another family,
the Cunningham family,

00:20:54.019 --> 00:20:56.188
poor but proud.

00:20:56.188 --> 00:20:58.857
They don't take welfare;
they pay debts.

00:20:58.857 --> 00:21:02.628
If they can't pay with money,
they pay with potatoes

00:21:02.628 --> 00:21:05.097
or whatever
they pay with.

00:21:05.097 --> 00:21:06.898
Are we poor?

00:21:06.898 --> 00:21:08.333
We are indeed.

00:21:09.368 --> 00:21:11.603
We as poor
as the Cunninghams?

00:21:12.237 --> 00:21:13.872
No, not exactly.

00:21:13.872 --> 00:21:15.574
It makes her think about,

00:21:15.574 --> 00:21:18.644
if Atticus
isn't getting any money,

00:21:18.644 --> 00:21:21.146
then she, too, must be poor.

00:21:22.247 --> 00:21:25.317
What in the Sam Hill
are you doin'?!

00:21:25.317 --> 00:21:27.052
But Atticus--

00:21:27.052 --> 00:21:30.122
(Katie Couric)
When Calpurnia fusses

00:21:30.122 --> 00:21:33.492
about being rude to Walter
after he puts syrup

00:21:33.492 --> 00:21:37.929
all over his food,
you know, she really was

00:21:37.929 --> 00:21:40.165
a guiding figure in their lives.

00:21:40.999 --> 00:21:42.334
(Calpurnia)
Scout?

00:21:42.334 --> 00:21:43.669
What?

00:21:43.669 --> 00:21:46.271
I want to talk to you.

00:21:46.271 --> 00:21:49.107
(Katie Couric)
It was wonderful how Atticus

00:21:49.107 --> 00:21:52.644
gave Calpurnia permission
to help be a disciplinarian.

00:21:54.546 --> 00:21:57.916
That boy is your company;
if he wants to

00:21:57.916 --> 00:22:00.152
eat that tablecloth,
you let him.

00:22:00.152 --> 00:22:02.387
If you can't
eat like folks,

00:22:02.387 --> 00:22:05.023
you can and eat
in the kitchen.

00:22:05.424 --> 00:22:08.794
(Stephanie)
Black women have taken care
of white children.

00:22:08.794 --> 00:22:10.662
It's always been that way.

00:22:10.662 --> 00:22:13.832
I just saw her
as the strong mother--

00:22:13.832 --> 00:22:17.669
not as being the maid,
but as a mother role.

00:22:19.337 --> 00:22:21.673
(Regan)
She pretty much raises us.

00:22:21.673 --> 00:22:24.843
She has taught me
everything I know.

00:22:24.843 --> 00:22:27.112
She helped me
learn to write.

00:22:29.047 --> 00:22:31.683
Calpurnia definitely
keeps the kids in line

00:22:31.683 --> 00:22:33.919
to the best of her ability.

00:22:33.919 --> 00:22:36.555
These are pretty
mischievous kids.

00:22:36.555 --> 00:22:39.558
You two get inside;
I'll call for help.

00:22:39.558 --> 00:22:41.793
[voice-over]
My grandmother was a Calpurnia

00:22:41.793 --> 00:22:44.029
in Mountain Brook
many years ago.

00:22:44.029 --> 00:22:46.865
It was one
of the biggest houses,

00:22:46.865 --> 00:22:49.267
and she was their Calpurnia.

00:22:49.267 --> 00:22:53.205
(Brittney)
My mother used to take care
of white children.

00:22:53.205 --> 00:22:55.607
She was like
the surrogate mother

00:22:55.607 --> 00:22:57.476
while their parents
were working.

00:22:57.476 --> 00:22:59.678
My mother basically raised them.

00:22:59.678 --> 00:23:02.514
[gentle piano score]

00:23:02.514 --> 00:23:07.285
(Cynthia Jones)
My grandmother
was a maid for maybe 50 years,

00:23:07.285 --> 00:23:09.554
a maid for this one family.

00:23:09.554 --> 00:23:12.224
By all accounts,
they treated her well,

00:23:12.224 --> 00:23:16.762
but she was a maid for two
generations of the same family.

00:23:17.763 --> 00:23:21.133
(woman)
We had black women
working for my family

00:23:21.133 --> 00:23:23.602
as long as I can remember,

00:23:23.602 --> 00:23:27.439
and I was aware
that they had families

00:23:27.439 --> 00:23:29.574
and were leaving their children.

00:23:29.574 --> 00:23:31.443
I was aware of that.

00:23:31.443 --> 00:23:33.612
♪

00:23:33.612 --> 00:23:37.816
(Lindsay)
My father's mother
took care of these children,

00:23:37.816 --> 00:23:40.852
and at some point,
they stopped being children,

00:23:40.852 --> 00:23:44.623
and she said "yes, sir"
and "no, ma'am" to children

00:23:44.623 --> 00:23:46.925
she would have raised.

00:23:46.925 --> 00:23:49.561
You think
about a kid you raised,

00:23:49.561 --> 00:23:53.698
and you had to probably
whack on the butt and feed.

00:23:53.698 --> 00:23:56.334
Now he's telling
you what to do?

00:23:56.968 --> 00:23:58.870
I don't remember any notion,

00:23:58.870 --> 00:24:02.007
"Oh, my gosh,
I hate doing this,"

00:24:02.007 --> 00:24:04.276
or "There's something
wrong with this."

00:24:04.276 --> 00:24:06.945
It was just the way it was.

00:24:06.945 --> 00:24:10.382
She would refer to them
as "my white people"...

00:24:10.382 --> 00:24:12.050
with affection.

00:24:12.717 --> 00:24:16.154
I know that there
was some mutuality

00:24:16.154 --> 00:24:19.958
in the care and affection
we felt for each other,

00:24:19.958 --> 00:24:23.595
but one could never call
it a mutual relationship

00:24:23.595 --> 00:24:27.966
because of the social setting
within which it occurred.

00:24:30.068 --> 00:24:31.503
Heh, heh!

00:24:34.206 --> 00:24:40.178
(Stephanie)
How many white people
get with black people?

00:24:40.178 --> 00:24:43.448
How many come together
on a regular basis?

00:24:43.448 --> 00:24:46.451
We see each other
just about every day.

00:24:46.451 --> 00:24:49.821
It was like an introduction
to a new culture.

00:24:51.223 --> 00:24:54.092
(Howze)
Over a period of time,

00:24:54.092 --> 00:24:55.961
it's going to impact them.

00:24:55.961 --> 00:25:00.465
When they look back and think,
"I was a part of this."

00:25:01.132 --> 00:25:05.270
I know from listening to them,
if they would compare things--

00:25:05.270 --> 00:25:09.040
they said they did this
or they don't do that.

00:25:09.040 --> 00:25:10.709
They do this.

00:25:10.976 --> 00:25:13.578
They found they
were not that different.

00:25:13.578 --> 00:25:15.413
They're just kids.

00:25:15.413 --> 00:25:17.315
They began to see that

00:25:17.315 --> 00:25:19.618
and came together
for common goals.

00:25:19.618 --> 00:25:22.988
(Yates)
If energy's low,
the pace will be low.

00:25:22.988 --> 00:25:26.791
Be sure, Atticus, you're not
in front of the judge.

00:25:26.791 --> 00:25:28.126
Yes, ma'am.

00:25:28.126 --> 00:25:31.162
(Yates)
Articulate. Resonate.

00:25:31.162 --> 00:25:33.798
Give that richness
to your vowel sounds.

00:25:33.798 --> 00:25:35.300
I can't hear you.

00:25:35.934 --> 00:25:39.671
(Flynt)
In the story, Jem and Scout
want their father

00:25:39.671 --> 00:25:41.973
to be something
their father can't,

00:25:41.973 --> 00:25:45.143
doesn't want,
is too busy to be.

00:25:45.143 --> 00:25:46.778
"Our father didn't do anything.

00:25:46.778 --> 00:25:50.048
"He worked in an office,
not in a drug store.

00:25:50.048 --> 00:25:52.984
"Atticus did not drive
a dump-truck for the county.

00:25:52.984 --> 00:25:54.619
"He was not the sheriff.

00:25:54.619 --> 00:25:57.889
"He didn't farm, work in
a garage, or do anything

00:25:57.889 --> 00:26:00.525
"that could possibly arouse
the admiration of anyone.

00:26:00.525 --> 00:26:02.160
Besides that, he wore glasses."

00:26:02.160 --> 00:26:05.597
Let's move that one
and put this one on.

00:26:05.597 --> 00:26:06.932
Atticus!

00:26:08.033 --> 00:26:12.237
(David)
Atticus Finch, a lawyer,
is appointed to defend

00:26:12.237 --> 00:26:16.041
a black man named Tom Robinson,
who has been accused

00:26:16.041 --> 00:26:19.077
of raping a woman
named Mayella Ewell.

00:26:19.077 --> 00:26:24.716
(man)
When asked to defend
Tom Robinson,

00:26:24.716 --> 00:26:27.619
he didn't hesitate,

00:26:27.619 --> 00:26:32.324
because he knew that,
if not him, who?

00:26:32.324 --> 00:26:37.395
He's not just...
this saintly lawyer.

00:26:37.395 --> 00:26:40.065
He wishes he didn't
have the case.

00:26:40.065 --> 00:26:42.600
He's very human about it.

00:26:42.600 --> 00:26:44.903
(Jean Louise)
"Are we going to win?"

00:26:44.903 --> 00:26:46.237
(Atticus)
"No, honey."

00:26:46.237 --> 00:26:47.672
(Jean Louise)
"Then why--"

00:26:47.672 --> 00:26:50.075
(Atticus)
"Simply because we were
licked a hundred years

00:26:50.075 --> 00:26:53.211
before we started is no reason
not to try to win."

00:26:54.112 --> 00:26:57.949
(Alford)
Jem knows what's gonna happen.

00:26:57.949 --> 00:27:00.118
He's a Southern child.

00:27:00.118 --> 00:27:03.154
His dad
has taken on this project

00:27:03.154 --> 00:27:06.057
which is going
to affect everybody's life.

00:27:06.057 --> 00:27:07.692
I'd like to get it--

00:27:07.692 --> 00:27:09.928
(Regan)
Scout doesn't want
the difficulty

00:27:09.928 --> 00:27:11.796
of people calling her names.

00:27:11.796 --> 00:27:15.033
She would rather it be
where he's just

00:27:15.033 --> 00:27:19.070
a lawyer doing regular,
old things and not something

00:27:19.070 --> 00:27:23.008
as controversial
as the Tom Robinson case.

00:27:26.411 --> 00:27:28.380
From Why We Can't Wait

00:27:28.380 --> 00:27:31.116
by Martin Luther King, Jr.

00:27:31.116 --> 00:27:38.089
Quote, "To The Negro Of 1963,
as to Atticus Finch,

00:27:39.591 --> 00:27:43.194
"it has become obvious that
nonviolence could symbolize

00:27:43.194 --> 00:27:46.398
"the gold badge of heroism

00:27:46.398 --> 00:27:49.667
rather than the white feather
of cowardice."

00:27:49.667 --> 00:27:51.403
End of quote.

00:27:51.403 --> 00:27:53.004
Thank you, Martin.

00:27:53.004 --> 00:27:55.740
♪

00:27:55.740 --> 00:27:58.376
(adult group)
♪ Get on board,
children, children... ♪

00:27:58.376 --> 00:28:01.379
(Jones)
The people who
took to the streets

00:28:01.379 --> 00:28:03.681
in 1963 were people like you.

00:28:03.681 --> 00:28:05.450
They were kids.

00:28:05.450 --> 00:28:08.453
It was called the Children's
Marches in Birmingham

00:28:08.453 --> 00:28:11.523
because the adults were working.

00:28:11.523 --> 00:28:14.726
They worked at U.S. Steel,
at other factories.

00:28:14.726 --> 00:28:18.496
They worked at domestic help,
in the elevators at Pizitz

00:28:18.496 --> 00:28:20.732
and Loveman's downtown.

00:28:20.732 --> 00:28:24.102
It was the kids
who took to the streets

00:28:24.102 --> 00:28:27.072
for equal rights
and voting rights.

00:28:27.072 --> 00:28:29.874
(adult group)
♪ Get on board,
children, children ♪

00:28:29.874 --> 00:28:32.077
♪ Let's fight for human rights ♪

00:28:32.077 --> 00:28:34.746
(man)
♪ I hear those mobs
a howlin'... ♪

00:28:34.746 --> 00:28:38.950
(McWhorter)
If you ask any
white person my age

00:28:38.950 --> 00:28:42.087
what the demonstrations
in Birmingham in 1963,

00:28:42.087 --> 00:28:43.621
the historic, world-changing,

00:28:43.621 --> 00:28:45.323
segregation-ending
demonstrations

00:28:45.323 --> 00:28:48.793
meant to them,
they will inevitably say,

00:28:48.793 --> 00:28:52.130
it meant they couldn't go
downtown to the movies.

00:28:52.130 --> 00:28:54.699
(newsreel narrator)
The theater is a scene

00:28:54.699 --> 00:28:56.301
of a long-awaited preview.

00:28:56.301 --> 00:28:57.969
It's the first showing

00:28:57.969 --> 00:29:00.371
of To Kill a Mockingbird--

00:29:00.371 --> 00:29:03.007
(McWhorter)
I came across a news article

00:29:03.007 --> 00:29:04.876
about the opening, the premiere.

00:29:04.876 --> 00:29:06.744
(narrator)
Written by Harper Lee--

00:29:06.744 --> 00:29:10.148
(McWhorter)
It was on the very day
the demonstrations,

00:29:10.148 --> 00:29:11.716
Martin Luther King's
demonstrations

00:29:11.716 --> 00:29:13.251
had begun in town.

00:29:13.251 --> 00:29:16.621
I could not believe
the confluence of those events.

00:29:16.621 --> 00:29:21.392
Mary was in the 5th grade
with me when the movie came out.

00:29:21.392 --> 00:29:24.329
I remember looking back
on it years later,

00:29:24.329 --> 00:29:26.197
there were these dual realities.

00:29:26.197 --> 00:29:29.567
On one hand it was like,
isn't it great?

00:29:29.567 --> 00:29:34.139
Mary was Scout and was nominated
for an Academy Award.

00:29:34.139 --> 00:29:36.975
And then the subject,

00:29:36.975 --> 00:29:40.378
which is just this slam
on quote, "Southern justice"...

00:29:41.913 --> 00:29:45.283
and the fact that this
coincided with the shame

00:29:45.283 --> 00:29:48.286
of Birmingham sicing
fire hoses and police dogs

00:29:48.286 --> 00:29:50.455
on young children Scout's age.

00:29:50.455 --> 00:29:53.224
Nobody would ever
put those two together.

00:29:53.224 --> 00:29:55.527
[deep piano note resounding]

00:29:55.527 --> 00:30:00.231
(adult group)
♪ And before
I'll be a slave... ♪

00:30:00.231 --> 00:30:03.601
(woman #4)
There was an air
of excitement here,

00:30:03.601 --> 00:30:06.371
and I wasn't sure what it was,

00:30:06.371 --> 00:30:08.606
but I wanted to be part

00:30:08.606 --> 00:30:11.442
when I saw that
these young people

00:30:11.442 --> 00:30:13.912
were the same age I was.

00:30:13.912 --> 00:30:19.951
[male vocalist leads group]
♪ O, freedom, O, freedom ♪

00:30:19.951 --> 00:30:23.388
(John F. Kennedy)
When legal remedies
are not available,

00:30:23.388 --> 00:30:26.424
redress is sought in the
streets, in demonstrations,

00:30:26.424 --> 00:30:29.994
parades, and protests,
which create tensions

00:30:29.994 --> 00:30:33.731
and threaten violence
and threaten lives.

00:30:33.731 --> 00:30:38.169
We face a moral crisis
as a country and a people.

00:30:38.169 --> 00:30:40.071
(Jones)
I was more concerned

00:30:40.071 --> 00:30:41.973
about Alabama football.

00:30:41.973 --> 00:30:44.976
The marches and bombings
was a world away.

00:30:44.976 --> 00:30:47.612
It's like watching
TV today and seeing

00:30:47.612 --> 00:30:50.982
the other side of the world;
we weren't connected.

00:30:50.982 --> 00:30:52.951
[siren wailing]

00:30:56.921 --> 00:30:58.823
(John Lewis)
Hundreds of people

00:30:58.823 --> 00:31:01.192
had been arrested and jailed.

00:31:01.192 --> 00:31:05.530
There was a great deal
of tension and fear

00:31:05.530 --> 00:31:08.032
in the city of Birmingham.

00:31:09.968 --> 00:31:13.037
(man)
By 1963, when the dogs

00:31:13.037 --> 00:31:18.142
and the hoses are unleashed
in Birmingham, I was 14.

00:31:18.142 --> 00:31:21.579
Everyone's covering the story:
the biggest story in America.

00:31:21.579 --> 00:31:24.249
I have a newspaper route
and delivering

00:31:24.249 --> 00:31:27.285
The Birmingham News every day;
guess what's not

00:31:27.285 --> 00:31:30.421
on the front page
of The Birmingham News?

00:31:30.421 --> 00:31:32.624
Birmingham
civil rights struggle--

00:31:32.624 --> 00:31:35.660
The dogs, the hoses
at Kelly Ingram Park,

00:31:35.660 --> 00:31:38.296
what, six blocks from
the newspaper office?

00:31:38.296 --> 00:31:40.698
[piano playing contemplatively]

00:31:40.698 --> 00:31:49.007
♪

00:31:49.007 --> 00:31:51.242
(McKinstry)
I was a good student,

00:31:51.242 --> 00:31:53.111
number 7 of 400 kids

00:31:53.111 --> 00:31:56.481
when I graduated,
but Wallace said we couldn't go

00:31:56.481 --> 00:31:58.349
to the University of Alabama.

00:31:58.349 --> 00:32:00.585
I tried to understand
this hatred.

00:32:00.585 --> 00:32:02.754
Why was it there?

00:32:02.754 --> 00:32:04.756
(narrator)
Wallace prepares to confront

00:32:04.756 --> 00:32:08.126
a deputy U.S. attorney,
urging the governor to end

00:32:08.126 --> 00:32:10.361
efforts to prevent
two Negro students

00:32:10.361 --> 00:32:12.196
from registering
at the university.

00:32:12.196 --> 00:32:15.533
Vivian Malone was one of
the first black students

00:32:15.533 --> 00:32:17.769
to integrate in
the University of Alabama

00:32:17.769 --> 00:32:20.405
in the stand
in the schoolhouse door

00:32:20.405 --> 00:32:21.839
by Governor Wallace.

00:32:21.839 --> 00:32:25.076
(narrator)
He is followed by Vivian Malone.

00:32:25.076 --> 00:32:27.545
Both students are 20 years old.

00:32:27.545 --> 00:32:29.847
She was the first
African-American graduate

00:32:29.847 --> 00:32:31.783
of the University of Alabama,

00:32:31.783 --> 00:32:35.887
and she is the sister
of my wife.

00:32:35.887 --> 00:32:40.291
School integration, the thing
that hit most people here--

00:32:40.291 --> 00:32:43.294
It was school desegregation
that had the impact

00:32:43.294 --> 00:32:45.229
on so many people.

00:32:46.364 --> 00:32:49.867
(Eric Holder)
As a result
of the courageous things

00:32:49.867 --> 00:32:53.371
that Vivian and others
connected to the effort did,

00:32:53.371 --> 00:32:57.041
that an African-American
president has the capacity,

00:32:57.041 --> 00:32:59.911
the ability, to appoint
another African American

00:32:59.911 --> 00:33:01.512
as attorney general.

00:33:02.880 --> 00:33:06.551
There are all kinds
of disparities based on race

00:33:06.551 --> 00:33:09.153
that still have to be addressed,

00:33:09.153 --> 00:33:13.624
but the nation is in a better
place than we were then.

00:33:13.624 --> 00:33:17.195
(female choir)
♪ I gotta robe
up into God's kingdom ♪

00:33:17.195 --> 00:33:20.998
♪ Ain't that good news? ♪

00:33:20.998 --> 00:33:24.869
♪ I gotta robe up
in God's kingdom ♪

00:33:24.869 --> 00:33:28.940
♪ Ain't that
good news? ♪

00:33:28.940 --> 00:33:33.211
(male choir)
♪ I'm gonna lay
down this world ♪

00:33:33.211 --> 00:33:37.181
♪ Gonna shoulder up my cross ♪

00:33:37.181 --> 00:33:40.618
[in unison]
♪ Gonna take it home
to my Jesus ♪

00:33:40.618 --> 00:33:44.655
♪ Ain't that
good news? ♪♪

00:33:48.860 --> 00:33:51.929
(McWhorter)
When Atticus
is sitting at the jail,

00:33:51.929 --> 00:33:53.898
guarding against the lynch mob,

00:33:53.898 --> 00:33:57.201
just going about
his daily business,

00:33:57.201 --> 00:34:01.005
which is protecting
this person from his community

00:34:01.005 --> 00:34:03.141
and the community he loves.

00:34:03.141 --> 00:34:04.675
I think it captures

00:34:04.675 --> 00:34:08.846
the utter loneliness
of righteousness.

00:34:10.448 --> 00:34:13.384
(man)
His heroism, his glory,

00:34:13.384 --> 00:34:15.753
is in his refusal to conform--

00:34:15.753 --> 00:34:18.890
in his refusal to give in to

00:34:18.890 --> 00:34:22.193
the general ennui

00:34:22.193 --> 00:34:24.662
or fear of that community.

00:34:24.662 --> 00:34:28.800
He'll just do it because
it's the right thing to do.

00:34:28.800 --> 00:34:31.035
(Eric Holder)
Understanding what it meant

00:34:31.035 --> 00:34:33.471
to be an African-American male

00:34:33.471 --> 00:34:36.474
charged with that crime,
how much more chilling

00:34:36.474 --> 00:34:39.777
the book becomes to me.

00:34:41.279 --> 00:34:43.481
There's a mob that's coming.

00:34:44.882 --> 00:34:48.886
It's a whole different deal
if you know the history

00:34:48.886 --> 00:34:52.256
of lynchings and attempts
to get an anti-lynching act

00:34:52.256 --> 00:34:54.992
passed by Congress
that never got passed.

00:34:54.992 --> 00:34:57.762
But for Atticus' intervention,

00:34:57.762 --> 00:34:59.564
there's no question

00:34:59.564 --> 00:35:02.900
that Tom would have
been lynched.

00:35:02.900 --> 00:35:06.003
(Regan)
When Scout goes to see Atticus

00:35:06.003 --> 00:35:07.505
at the jailhouse,

00:35:07.505 --> 00:35:11.843
Atticus is, you know, reacting
very calmly to all this,

00:35:11.843 --> 00:35:15.012
like he's expecting
what's going on,

00:35:15.012 --> 00:35:18.149
but she's not expecting
what's going on.

00:35:18.149 --> 00:35:21.319
My friends and I could
recite Scout's speech

00:35:21.319 --> 00:35:23.588
when she averts the lynch mob.

00:35:23.788 --> 00:35:25.456
Hey, Mr. Cunningham.

00:35:26.891 --> 00:35:30.094
"Hey, Mr. Cunningham--
I said hey, Mr. Cunningham."

00:35:30.094 --> 00:35:33.998
(Scout)
Don't you remember me,
Mr. Cunningham?

00:35:33.998 --> 00:35:36.667
I'm Jean Louise Finch.

00:35:36.667 --> 00:35:40.972
I go to school with your boy.
I go to school with Walter.

00:35:40.972 --> 00:35:45.343
She, with just her directness
and her honesty

00:35:45.343 --> 00:35:47.478
and her sweetness...

00:35:48.646 --> 00:35:50.047
What's the matter?

00:35:50.047 --> 00:35:53.251
(Katie Couric)
...just changed everything
in an instant.

00:35:53.251 --> 00:35:57.488
All of a sudden,
all the anger and all the fear

00:35:57.488 --> 00:35:59.423
just melts away.

00:35:59.423 --> 00:36:02.793
She talks to him
and relates as a person,

00:36:02.793 --> 00:36:06.030
which takes him outside
of the mob mentality.

00:36:06.030 --> 00:36:09.066
I think that allows
him to think clearly

00:36:09.066 --> 00:36:10.568
for the first time.

00:36:10.568 --> 00:36:12.837
I'll tell Walter you said hey.

00:36:13.771 --> 00:36:16.040
Let's clear outta here.

00:36:16.040 --> 00:36:19.577
(Cynthia Jones)
She connects
with Mr. Cunningham

00:36:19.577 --> 00:36:25.316
essentially without trying
to or wanting to, shames him,

00:36:25.316 --> 00:36:27.351
and appeals to his humanity.

00:36:27.351 --> 00:36:31.622
In real life, someone would have
hit Atticus on the head,

00:36:31.622 --> 00:36:35.092
and Tom Robinson
would have been swinging.

00:36:35.092 --> 00:36:36.794
In real life that's--

00:36:36.794 --> 00:36:38.329
And it did happen.

00:36:38.329 --> 00:36:42.767
That's what did happen,
over and over and over again.

00:36:42.767 --> 00:36:45.670
(Flynt)
Do you realize how fundamentally

00:36:45.670 --> 00:36:47.738
your personal life
is determined

00:36:47.738 --> 00:36:51.342
by whether or not
you have a moral compass?

00:36:51.342 --> 00:36:54.745
Therefore, you're not simply
the by-product of your peers

00:36:54.745 --> 00:36:58.049
at Fairfield High School
or Mountain Brook.

00:36:58.049 --> 00:37:02.219
Do you realize the importance
of the well-being of a human

00:37:02.219 --> 00:37:06.190
to the prosperity
of democracy in our time?

00:37:06.190 --> 00:37:09.226
To the human values
that make a place

00:37:09.226 --> 00:37:10.928
worth being a community?

00:37:10.928 --> 00:37:15.466
If you do, carry that
into the play when you give it.

00:37:15.466 --> 00:37:19.437
Now, we do have
to have a seat for Alex?

00:37:19.437 --> 00:37:22.473
(Kevin)
To sit there--
you read about it.

00:37:22.473 --> 00:37:25.876
You see it on TV,
but to be there

00:37:25.876 --> 00:37:28.512
and reenact something
that did happen,

00:37:28.512 --> 00:37:31.515
you are just blown away by it.

00:37:31.515 --> 00:37:36.020
(Joseph Lowery)
Atticus Finch became famous

00:37:36.020 --> 00:37:38.956
because of Gregory Peck's
portrayal,

00:37:38.956 --> 00:37:42.360
but there were many Atticus
Finches across the country

00:37:42.360 --> 00:37:44.128
and across the South.

00:37:44.128 --> 00:37:46.530
[gentle string score]

00:37:46.530 --> 00:37:51.502
This is really a portrayal
of what happened in real life

00:37:51.502 --> 00:37:53.337
for many people,

00:37:55.806 --> 00:37:58.576
many of them unheralded.

00:37:58.576 --> 00:38:03.314
And these people
exercised more bravery

00:38:03.314 --> 00:38:05.950
than those who
might grab a weapon

00:38:05.950 --> 00:38:08.886
to defend themselves
against attack.

00:38:09.687 --> 00:38:12.623
We had our own heroes.

00:38:12.623 --> 00:38:15.126
We have Thurgood Marshall.

00:38:15.126 --> 00:38:17.028
We have Arthur Shores.

00:38:17.028 --> 00:38:19.063
We have Reverend Shuttlesworth,

00:38:19.063 --> 00:38:24.135
people who every day against
all odds, fought those battles

00:38:24.135 --> 00:38:27.271
when it was difficult
to be an advocate--

00:38:27.271 --> 00:38:31.442
when it was life-threatening
to be an advocate.

00:38:31.442 --> 00:38:36.447
♪

00:38:36.447 --> 00:38:38.716
(McKinstry)
We are in Birmingham, Alabama,

00:38:38.716 --> 00:38:43.788
and sitting in the sanctuary
of the 16th St. Baptist Church.

00:38:43.788 --> 00:38:47.258
I was right about
where you're sitting

00:38:47.258 --> 00:38:48.793
when the bomb exploded.

00:38:48.793 --> 00:38:51.595
[sirens wailing]

00:38:51.595 --> 00:38:55.766
♪

00:38:55.766 --> 00:39:00.304
(John Lewis)
The March on Washington
had been a few days earlier.

00:39:00.304 --> 00:39:03.708
We left Washington; we were
so hopeful, so optimistic.

00:39:03.708 --> 00:39:06.944
♪

00:39:06.944 --> 00:39:10.981
(Doug Jones)
I did not realize
the emotional connection

00:39:10.981 --> 00:39:14.485
that people in the Birmingham
community, black and white,

00:39:14.485 --> 00:39:19.457
had to the 1963 bombing of
the 16th Street Baptist Church.

00:39:20.725 --> 00:39:25.029
That blast shook Birmingham;
it shook Alabama.

00:39:25.029 --> 00:39:26.931
It shook the United States,

00:39:26.931 --> 00:39:31.502
and it shook the world as
people asked, why would someone

00:39:31.502 --> 00:39:36.440
blow up a house of God and
kill four innocent children?

00:39:36.440 --> 00:39:39.276
[strings resonate]

00:39:39.276 --> 00:39:42.313
(young woman)
I wanted to say, I'm sorry.

00:39:42.313 --> 00:39:45.349
It wasn't me,
but it was our people

00:39:45.349 --> 00:39:47.284
saying and doing those things.

00:39:48.252 --> 00:39:50.921
(Stephanie)
I would have talked to them

00:39:50.921 --> 00:39:54.959
and asked them,
how could you do that?

00:39:54.959 --> 00:39:57.862
How did you go home and sleep?

00:39:57.862 --> 00:40:02.933
How did you walk around
every day and brag about it?

00:40:02.933 --> 00:40:05.970
(David)
This was a chapter
in the history,

00:40:05.970 --> 00:40:08.973
especially of the South,
that we can't escape.

00:40:08.973 --> 00:40:11.575
A lot would rather not remember,

00:40:11.575 --> 00:40:15.479
but it did happen,
and we have to face it

00:40:15.479 --> 00:40:17.815
so that we can move forward.

00:40:18.182 --> 00:40:21.819
(Doug Jones)
And you folks
have a unique opportunity.

00:40:22.920 --> 00:40:26.390
I'm talking about Fairfield
and Mountain Brook.

00:40:26.390 --> 00:40:30.861
You have an opportunity
by joining forces to show

00:40:30.861 --> 00:40:34.365
that we can cut across
racial and class lines

00:40:34.365 --> 00:40:38.536
and we can work together
to make this city, this county,

00:40:38.536 --> 00:40:42.673
this state, this country
a so much better place.

00:40:45.943 --> 00:40:47.278
Let's see.

00:40:47.278 --> 00:40:49.413
Tom's people, don't forget,

00:40:49.413 --> 00:40:53.083
you are disgusted
with Bob Ewell's behavior.

00:40:53.083 --> 00:40:57.221
Let us see it; you know
what a sleazebag he is.

00:40:57.221 --> 00:40:59.123
Hug me around the legs.

00:40:59.123 --> 00:41:02.193
Crowd, uproar.

00:41:02.193 --> 00:41:05.563
I mean, you are
in a state over that.

00:41:05.563 --> 00:41:08.566
And Judge,
do something about it.

00:41:08.566 --> 00:41:11.836
OK, is everybody
ready for Act II?

00:41:11.836 --> 00:41:18.042
(Bragg)
I was one year old when
To Kill a Mockingbird

00:41:18.042 --> 00:41:19.577
was published.

00:41:20.477 --> 00:41:22.746
I read it in high school.

00:41:22.746 --> 00:41:26.851
They made me and 'cause I was
scared of my teacher.

00:41:26.851 --> 00:41:28.352
[light laughter]

00:41:28.352 --> 00:41:31.488
But something happened
in the reading of it

00:41:31.488 --> 00:41:35.292
that I believe happens
to most people who read it.

00:41:35.292 --> 00:41:39.296
They stumble upon people
who represent the very best

00:41:39.296 --> 00:41:41.832
of our part of the world

00:41:41.832 --> 00:41:45.035
and people who represent
the worst of it.

00:41:45.035 --> 00:41:51.041
You stumble upon a story that
you wish never had to be told

00:41:51.041 --> 00:41:54.578
and one that had to be told.

00:41:54.578 --> 00:41:57.581
That black man
yonder took advantage of me.

00:41:57.581 --> 00:42:00.618
She grabbed me around the waist,
Mr. Finch.

00:42:00.618 --> 00:42:04.655
(man)
There's an almost
unbroken trail of cases

00:42:04.655 --> 00:42:07.625
of false accusations
of black men

00:42:07.625 --> 00:42:10.160
assaulting or raping
white women.

00:42:10.160 --> 00:42:14.164
You go back to the early 1900s,
the Scottsboro boys.

00:42:14.164 --> 00:42:17.167
African Americans
accused of raping

00:42:17.167 --> 00:42:19.169
and harassing white women.

00:42:20.404 --> 00:42:24.775
Arrested, rallied up, didn't
have lawyers, rushed to trial,

00:42:24.775 --> 00:42:26.844
sentenced to death,

00:42:26.844 --> 00:42:29.480
and ready to die the next day.

00:42:29.480 --> 00:42:34.485
In 1955, a kid from Chicago
leaves his home

00:42:34.485 --> 00:42:36.186
and goes to Mississippi.

00:42:36.186 --> 00:42:38.088
His name is Emmett Till.

00:42:38.789 --> 00:42:41.058
His crime is that he whistled

00:42:41.058 --> 00:42:43.160
at a white woman.

00:42:43.160 --> 00:42:44.728
The response is lynching.

00:42:44.728 --> 00:42:48.699
What Atticus Finch
is talking about is the code.

00:42:48.699 --> 00:42:51.735
This is the taboo;
this is the unthinkable.

00:42:51.735 --> 00:42:53.370
♪

00:42:53.370 --> 00:42:54.905
(man)
There's been hundreds

00:42:54.905 --> 00:42:56.774
of lynchings of blacks accused

00:42:56.774 --> 00:43:00.911
of raping whites; may or may
not have even been factual.

00:43:00.911 --> 00:43:03.547
That was the mores of the time.

00:43:03.547 --> 00:43:05.616
♪

00:43:05.616 --> 00:43:08.752
(Eric Holder)
There's a sexual dynamic wrapped

00:43:08.752 --> 00:43:11.488
into this racial dynamic
as well,

00:43:11.488 --> 00:43:14.024
and you cannot separate the two,

00:43:14.024 --> 00:43:16.827
certainly in this story,
and I think

00:43:16.827 --> 00:43:20.597
in the larger American
experience as well at that time.

00:43:20.597 --> 00:43:22.099
(man #3)
What happened?

00:43:22.099 --> 00:43:25.569
I said, "Come here, boy;
bust up this chifforobe."

00:43:25.569 --> 00:43:28.772
I accuse Tom Robinson
of raping me.

00:43:28.772 --> 00:43:32.042
An innocent man,
an innocent black man,

00:43:32.042 --> 00:43:35.479
of this awful crime
that he did not commit.

00:43:35.479 --> 00:43:40.584
(Jaffe)
The motive for Mayella
was more than...

00:43:40.584 --> 00:43:44.254
fear of reprisal
from her father.

00:43:44.254 --> 00:43:48.359
Every day
her father beats her.

00:43:48.359 --> 00:43:50.594
She has to get through that.

00:43:50.594 --> 00:43:56.533
Her motive was the stark reality

00:43:56.533 --> 00:43:59.069
that she violated a sacred code.

00:43:59.803 --> 00:44:02.072
She tempted a Negro.

00:44:02.072 --> 00:44:05.109
(Roman)
Every emotion
Tom would feel, I feel,

00:44:05.109 --> 00:44:07.711
when I'm on stage.

00:44:07.711 --> 00:44:12.016
I'm listening to her lying
that I took advantage of her

00:44:12.016 --> 00:44:14.284
when I know I didn't.

00:44:14.284 --> 00:44:18.756
I listen to Bob Ewell who
calls me bad names and stuff.

00:44:18.756 --> 00:44:21.759
It has a very
profound effect on me.

00:44:21.759 --> 00:44:25.195
It's like I'm really
Tom Robinson on that stage.

00:44:25.195 --> 00:44:30.834
The most dramatic part
of Tom Robinson's testimony

00:44:30.834 --> 00:44:34.338
was when he said
he felt sorry for Mayella.

00:44:35.439 --> 00:44:37.875
You felt sorry
for her?

00:44:38.575 --> 00:44:40.511
A white woman?

00:44:40.878 --> 00:44:43.547
(Katie Couric)
The lawyer pounced on that

00:44:43.547 --> 00:44:46.283
as if that was wrong--

00:44:46.283 --> 00:44:48.552
as if, how dare he,

00:44:48.552 --> 00:44:54.224
that someone beneath this
woman felt sorry for her.

00:44:55.659 --> 00:44:57.594
I believe Harper Lee

00:44:57.594 --> 00:45:01.031
wanted Tom
to be a man of pride.

00:45:01.031 --> 00:45:03.700
He knew he didn't
do anything wrong.

00:45:03.700 --> 00:45:07.137
He has a great sense
of respect for Atticus,

00:45:07.137 --> 00:45:09.440
who was going to defend him.

00:45:09.440 --> 00:45:12.810
(Ogletree)
A lawyer should see
the Atticus Finch model

00:45:12.810 --> 00:45:15.179
as the highest
stage of lawyering.

00:45:15.179 --> 00:45:18.415
To look those 12 men
in the eye

00:45:18.415 --> 00:45:21.852
and to get beyond their head,
into their heart--

00:45:21.852 --> 00:45:25.389
make them see in ways
they haven't done before.

00:45:25.389 --> 00:45:30.627
She is the victim of cruel
poverty and ignorance.

00:45:30.627 --> 00:45:33.163
(Ogletree)
There is the lawyer transcending

00:45:33.163 --> 00:45:36.600
the legal realm
and going to a deeper

00:45:36.600 --> 00:45:39.036
personal emotional morality.

00:45:39.770 --> 00:45:41.972
In the name of God...

00:45:44.541 --> 00:45:46.410
do your duty.

00:45:47.778 --> 00:45:52.282
It's this passionate cry
to just let go

00:45:52.282 --> 00:45:56.186
of your prejudices
and do the right thing,

00:45:56.186 --> 00:45:58.822
but as we know,
it doesn't happen.

00:45:59.957 --> 00:46:03.360
(Brittney)
Every time we go
through the courtroom scene

00:46:03.360 --> 00:46:06.396
and every time it's time
for my scene,

00:46:06.396 --> 00:46:08.298
sometimes I want to cry

00:46:08.298 --> 00:46:10.200
because of what's
being portrayed.

00:46:10.200 --> 00:46:15.439
Harper Lee is trying to tell
the world what happened.

00:46:17.307 --> 00:46:19.943
(young man)
That's my brother, my blood,

00:46:19.943 --> 00:46:22.579
my friend sitting there
who's on trial

00:46:22.579 --> 00:46:24.481
for something he didn't do.

00:46:24.481 --> 00:46:25.983
It's costing his life.

00:46:26.483 --> 00:46:30.988
(Jaffe)
When none of the 12
will glance at your client,

00:46:30.988 --> 00:46:33.891
you don't have
a warm, fuzzy feeling.

00:46:33.891 --> 00:46:37.961
It's not fair,
but there's nothing to be done

00:46:37.961 --> 00:46:40.597
because these people
cannot see the light.

00:46:41.698 --> 00:46:44.701
(Jaffe)
The handwriting was on the wall.

00:46:44.701 --> 00:46:46.203
What is your verdict?

00:46:46.203 --> 00:46:48.438
(Jaffe)
What is expected happened.

00:46:48.438 --> 00:46:50.307
We find the
defendant guilty.

00:46:50.307 --> 00:46:53.677
(McWhorter)
For me, it was
To Kill A Mockingbird

00:46:53.677 --> 00:46:58.081
that made me get the picture--
get the entire picture.

00:46:58.081 --> 00:47:01.685
I would say I was definitely
a garden-variety segregationist.

00:47:01.685 --> 00:47:03.754
I wasn't a hater.

00:47:03.754 --> 00:47:09.092
It was--the truth is,
most of us were indifferent.

00:47:09.092 --> 00:47:13.230
To root for a black man,
I was betraying the principles

00:47:13.230 --> 00:47:17.701
of my community and my family,
and it was really traumatic.

00:47:17.701 --> 00:47:22.172
And I remember trying not
to cry rather unsuccessfully

00:47:22.172 --> 00:47:25.175
and thinking how my father
would be upset

00:47:25.175 --> 00:47:28.545
if he found I cried
for a black man.

00:47:28.545 --> 00:47:31.181
The one scene that makes me cry

00:47:31.181 --> 00:47:34.952
is after Tom Robinson
is convicted.

00:47:34.952 --> 00:47:36.720
(man)
Miss Jean Louise?

00:47:37.988 --> 00:47:40.324
Miss Jean Louise,
stand up.

00:47:40.324 --> 00:47:42.793
[flutes lead softly]

00:47:42.793 --> 00:47:44.795
♪

00:47:44.795 --> 00:47:47.197
Your father's passing.

00:47:47.197 --> 00:47:52.035
♪

00:47:52.035 --> 00:47:55.405
(Bragg)
Atticus was held up
as a shining light,

00:47:55.405 --> 00:47:56.773
yet he failed,

00:47:56.773 --> 00:48:00.978
I thought, as a young man,
his greatest responsibility,

00:48:00.978 --> 00:48:06.149
and I had to get
a little older to realize

00:48:06.149 --> 00:48:10.220
the great heroism...in trying.

00:48:11.288 --> 00:48:15.659
The great heroism
in standing in the teeth

00:48:15.659 --> 00:48:17.394
of something ugly.

00:48:17.394 --> 00:48:20.764
The great heroism
in taking a lick.

00:48:21.999 --> 00:48:25.068
(choir)
♪ I've been 'buked ♪

00:48:25.068 --> 00:48:26.536
(Howze)
That's better.

00:48:26.536 --> 00:48:29.906
The tenor's a little bit down;
when altos--

00:48:31.275 --> 00:48:36.847
♪ And I've been scorned ♪

00:48:38.248 --> 00:48:46.023
♪ Yes, I've been 'buked,
and I've been scorned ♪

00:48:46.023 --> 00:48:50.961
♪ Children ♪

00:48:50.961 --> 00:48:57.334
♪ I've been buked,
and I've been scorned... ♪

00:48:57.334 --> 00:48:59.970
(David)
If I could make the difference--

00:48:59.970 --> 00:49:02.606
if I could take that one step

00:49:02.606 --> 00:49:07.577
like Atticus Finch did in 1935
in Maycomb, Alabama,

00:49:07.577 --> 00:49:10.714
then it would be
worth everything.

00:49:10.714 --> 00:49:17.788
♪ Of this world... ♪

00:49:17.788 --> 00:49:22.759
(Bragg)
There are plenty of cases where
you just get the wrong man.

00:49:22.759 --> 00:49:27.898
The Tom Robinson story
is played out in different ways

00:49:27.898 --> 00:49:30.434
all over the country.

00:49:31.535 --> 00:49:33.570
Conviction of convenience--

00:49:33.570 --> 00:49:40.377
♪ Down... ♪

00:49:40.377 --> 00:49:42.346
(David)
"Tom's dead.

00:49:44.014 --> 00:49:45.849
"They shot him.

00:49:45.849 --> 00:49:49.986
"He was running; it was
during their exercise period.

00:49:49.986 --> 00:49:53.023
"They said he just broke
into a blind raving charge

00:49:53.023 --> 00:49:55.158
at the fence
and started climbing over."

00:49:56.293 --> 00:49:59.363
[choir chanting softly]

00:49:59.363 --> 00:50:02.132
"Seventeen bullet holes in him.

00:50:02.132 --> 00:50:04.601
They didn't have
to shoot him that much."

00:50:04.601 --> 00:50:07.070
♪

00:50:07.070 --> 00:50:10.540
(Ogletree)
It's not ironic
Tom Robinson would run away

00:50:10.540 --> 00:50:12.943
though he was innocent.

00:50:12.943 --> 00:50:16.012
It wasn't whether
you were innocent or guilty.

00:50:16.012 --> 00:50:20.150
It was whether you were black
and your victim was white.

00:50:20.150 --> 00:50:24.321
That's the justice system
which was an in-justice system.

00:50:26.223 --> 00:50:28.859
[strings rise]

00:50:28.859 --> 00:50:32.229
(Eric Holder)
To Kill a Mockingbird
is about injustice,

00:50:32.229 --> 00:50:33.730
the fight against it,

00:50:33.730 --> 00:50:36.800
and how one person
can make a difference,

00:50:36.800 --> 00:50:42.739
but how one person fighting
against an entrenched system

00:50:42.739 --> 00:50:45.409
is not always gonna
be successful.

00:50:45.409 --> 00:50:50.213
♪

00:50:50.213 --> 00:50:53.417
The aspect of American life

00:50:53.417 --> 00:50:58.622
that has been least impacted
by social change

00:50:58.622 --> 00:51:01.425
is the criminal justice system.

00:51:01.425 --> 00:51:05.228
We frequently, in today's
society, presume guilt

00:51:05.228 --> 00:51:08.231
when poor or people
of color are arrested.

00:51:08.231 --> 00:51:11.802
There is no presumption
of innocence, but of guilt.

00:51:11.802 --> 00:51:15.205
Being in that situation
where you do not know...

00:51:15.205 --> 00:51:17.374
The outcome will be
that you're guilty

00:51:17.374 --> 00:51:21.511
though you haven't done wrong--
that's not a way to live.

00:51:21.511 --> 00:51:24.281
I pray that never
happens to me.

00:51:28.251 --> 00:51:30.887
(Stevenson)
We have not accepted
our inability

00:51:30.887 --> 00:51:33.156
to be fair and just always.

00:51:33.156 --> 00:51:36.726
We have not confronted
the legacy of racial apartheid.

00:51:36.726 --> 00:51:39.763
We have not created
a criminal justice system

00:51:39.763 --> 00:51:42.866
that's equal
no matter what your wealth.

00:51:42.866 --> 00:51:44.901
Through those kinds
of conversations,

00:51:44.901 --> 00:51:49.573
we can get to the point
where To Kill a Mockingbird

00:51:49.573 --> 00:51:53.677
will actually represent a time
when we were struggling,

00:51:53.677 --> 00:51:55.412
that we have overcome.

00:51:55.412 --> 00:51:58.048
That's not true
for that story today.

00:51:59.583 --> 00:52:02.319
What you saw Atticus Finch do

00:52:02.319 --> 00:52:07.424
in To Kill a Mockingbird
is a step on a path

00:52:07.424 --> 00:52:11.628
that we are still walking,
and that Dr. King advanced.

00:52:11.628 --> 00:52:15.765
I think there's a direct line
between To Kill a Mockingbird,

00:52:15.765 --> 00:52:18.034
Dr. King,
other civil rights pioneers.

00:52:18.034 --> 00:52:20.871
It's all part of a process.

00:52:21.605 --> 00:52:24.641
(John Lewis)
If we create what King called

00:52:24.641 --> 00:52:26.176
"the beloved community,"

00:52:26.176 --> 00:52:31.014
if that is our goal, then
our way must be one of love,

00:52:31.014 --> 00:52:34.050
one of peace,
one of nonviolence.

00:52:34.050 --> 00:52:36.453
[gentle harp and string score]

00:52:36.453 --> 00:52:42.926
♪

00:52:42.926 --> 00:52:44.928
Tom Robinson's trial--

00:52:44.928 --> 00:52:48.198
(Bragg)
After Tom Robinson is shot,

00:52:48.198 --> 00:52:51.101
Atticus has thrown
a rock at a hornets' nest.

00:52:51.101 --> 00:52:56.606
He has stirred up Bob Ewell's
ire; he has insulted him.

00:52:56.606 --> 00:52:59.175
He has, uh--

00:52:59.175 --> 00:53:02.345
He's just, by God, made him mad.

00:53:03.680 --> 00:53:07.050
(Alford)
And Bob Ewell
attacks us in the woods.

00:53:07.050 --> 00:53:09.319
[dramatic horns rise]

00:53:09.319 --> 00:53:12.289
♪

00:53:12.289 --> 00:53:13.623
Run, Scout!

00:53:13.623 --> 00:53:16.560
And he eventually gets killed,

00:53:16.560 --> 00:53:20.797
after breaking my arm,
by Boo Radley.

00:53:20.797 --> 00:53:22.832
(young man)
My favorite thing

00:53:22.832 --> 00:53:26.136
is my last line,

00:53:26.136 --> 00:53:29.439
"I may not be much, Mr. Finch,
but I'm still sheriff

00:53:29.439 --> 00:53:32.442
of Maycomb County, and
Bob Ewell fell on his knife."

00:53:32.442 --> 00:53:34.911
[gentle piano score]

00:53:34.911 --> 00:53:36.746
(Gena)
"Mockingbirds don't do one thing

00:53:36.746 --> 00:53:38.882
"but make music for us to enjoy.

00:53:38.882 --> 00:53:40.717
"They don't eat up
people's gardens;

00:53:40.717 --> 00:53:42.052
"don't nest in corncribs.

00:53:42.052 --> 00:53:45.589
"They don't do one thing but
sing their hearts out for us.

00:53:45.589 --> 00:53:48.325
That's why it's a sin
to kill a mockingbird."

00:53:48.325 --> 00:53:50.026
[tender strings rise]

00:53:50.026 --> 00:53:51.394
Hey, Boo.

00:53:52.696 --> 00:53:54.531
Boo Radley, though flawed,

00:53:54.531 --> 00:53:58.868
was able in the end
to be heroic.

00:53:58.868 --> 00:54:03.940
And you're glad that Boo
steps out of the shadows.

00:54:03.940 --> 00:54:08.645
And you're glad that they let
him go back into the shadows,

00:54:08.645 --> 00:54:12.248
a shadow that a child
could reach into.

00:54:12.248 --> 00:54:14.884
(Anderson)
That closing scene
where you realize

00:54:14.884 --> 00:54:18.555
the voice of the mature
Jean Louise

00:54:18.555 --> 00:54:24.561
is telling us a little more
than we would learn from Scout.

00:54:24.561 --> 00:54:27.597
She's looking back
from Boo's point of view

00:54:27.597 --> 00:54:29.466
because she's on his porch.

00:54:30.934 --> 00:54:34.337
(Badham)
All of the sudden,
she's had to visit

00:54:34.337 --> 00:54:37.741
these adult themes and see
her life radically changed,

00:54:37.741 --> 00:54:43.013
and, you know, a lot of the
things that were scary before

00:54:43.013 --> 00:54:47.117
pales to some of the stuff
that she dealt with,

00:54:47.117 --> 00:54:51.287
and that's what we all
go through in life.

00:54:51.287 --> 00:54:54.591
♪

00:54:54.591 --> 00:54:55.959
(Gena)
"Atticus was right.

00:54:55.959 --> 00:54:59.396
"One time, he said,
'You never really know a man

00:54:59.396 --> 00:55:03.199
"until you stand in his shoes
and walk around in 'em.'

00:55:03.199 --> 00:55:05.969
Just standing on the
Radley porch was enough."

00:55:07.170 --> 00:55:09.706
(Katie Couric)
"Neighbors bring food with death

00:55:09.706 --> 00:55:12.976
"and flowers with sickness
and little things in between.

00:55:12.976 --> 00:55:14.411
"Boo was our neighbor.

00:55:14.411 --> 00:55:18.381
"He gave us two soap dolls,
a broken watch and chain,

00:55:18.381 --> 00:55:21.651
"a pair of good-luck
pennies and our lives.

00:55:21.651 --> 00:55:23.453
"But neighbors give in return.

00:55:23.453 --> 00:55:28.158
"We never put back into the
tree what we took out of it.

00:55:28.158 --> 00:55:32.162
We had given him nothing,
and it made me sad."

00:55:32.162 --> 00:55:34.964
[piano concludes]

00:55:34.964 --> 00:55:39.069
(Flynt)
In September, 1963,
the 16th Street Baptist Church

00:55:39.069 --> 00:55:43.740
had just been bombed,
and under no circumstances

00:55:43.740 --> 00:55:47.010
would I ever move
back to Alabama.

00:55:48.278 --> 00:55:51.314
And shortly thereafter
read To Kill a Mockingbird,

00:55:51.314 --> 00:55:53.950
and thought to myself,
I didn't know

00:55:53.950 --> 00:55:58.555
there were people
who thought this way in Alabama.

00:55:58.555 --> 00:56:01.591
The reason I'm in Alabama
now is largely

00:56:01.591 --> 00:56:04.961
because of Harper Lee
and To Kill A Mockingbird.

00:56:04.961 --> 00:56:06.796
[string score]

00:56:06.796 --> 00:56:11.267
(McKinstry)
Birmingham decided
to embrace this history,

00:56:11.267 --> 00:56:16.573
to embrace the past and to use
it in a way to move forward,

00:56:16.573 --> 00:56:20.343
to use it as a painful
lesson on what happens

00:56:20.343 --> 00:56:24.614
when we teach hate,
particularly to our children.

00:56:26.082 --> 00:56:30.386
(Kimberly)
Before To Kill A Mockingbird,
I would always feel

00:56:30.386 --> 00:56:35.692
kind of awkward on introducing
myself to another race,

00:56:35.692 --> 00:56:37.927
trying to get to know them,

00:56:37.927 --> 00:56:40.830
but I learned
that people are people.

00:56:40.830 --> 00:56:43.233
[harp and string score]

00:56:43.233 --> 00:56:47.904
♪

00:56:47.904 --> 00:56:50.173
(Brittany)
It's coming to the end.

00:56:50.173 --> 00:56:52.442
The rehearsals have
gotten very strenuous,

00:56:52.442 --> 00:56:55.078
have gotten long;
everyone's tired.

00:56:56.679 --> 00:56:59.682
(Alex)
It's been hard,
I'm not gonna lie.

00:56:59.682 --> 00:57:01.184
It's been really tough,

00:57:01.184 --> 00:57:03.953
and I've invested so much time.

00:57:03.953 --> 00:57:06.956
(Roman)
We gotta put on a great show

00:57:06.956 --> 00:57:09.659
so everybody
will be touched by it.

00:57:09.659 --> 00:57:12.295
We're having fun,
but we have got

00:57:12.295 --> 00:57:14.798
to get down to business.

00:57:14.798 --> 00:57:18.201
(Calvin)
All we gotta do
is have the audience.

00:57:18.201 --> 00:57:20.570
When that happens,
it comes together.

00:57:20.570 --> 00:57:23.106
[piano score]

00:57:23.106 --> 00:57:24.974
(man)
From the contemporary viewpoint,

00:57:24.974 --> 00:57:26.743
we want to ask

00:57:26.743 --> 00:57:31.181
not so much what has changed
and is no longer here,

00:57:31.181 --> 00:57:33.850
but how are the same
problems here?

00:57:33.850 --> 00:57:36.986
Are there certain unwritten
ways of doing things

00:57:36.986 --> 00:57:38.922
that resegregate people?

00:57:38.922 --> 00:57:42.125
How are the racial, class,
and gender challenges

00:57:42.125 --> 00:57:44.561
of the novel still in place?

00:57:44.561 --> 00:57:47.363
♪

00:57:47.363 --> 00:57:50.066
(Badham)
As you move through your life,

00:57:50.066 --> 00:57:54.537
you pull different things
out of this book.

00:57:54.537 --> 00:57:56.439
You relate to it differently

00:57:56.439 --> 00:57:59.442
due to your experiences in life.

00:58:00.710 --> 00:58:02.212
(Alford)
I didn't understand.

00:58:02.212 --> 00:58:08.985
I had no idea that this meant
so much to people.

00:58:12.288 --> 00:58:15.024
(Yates)
I want you to think

00:58:15.024 --> 00:58:20.964
of all the Boo Radleys
and Tom Robinsons in the world,

00:58:20.964 --> 00:58:23.366
because they're everywhere.

00:58:23.366 --> 00:58:25.768
[piano introduction
to "City Called Heaven"]

00:58:25.768 --> 00:58:29.973
♪

00:58:29.973 --> 00:58:35.078
(choir)
♪ I am a pilgrim... ♪

00:58:35.078 --> 00:58:41.784
(man)
I am a battle-worn
Vietnam Marine Corps veteran,

00:58:41.784 --> 00:58:47.190
and tonight I sat beside my wife
and my youngest child and cried.

00:58:47.190 --> 00:58:50.059
(choir)
♪ Wide world, this... ♪

00:58:50.059 --> 00:58:53.129
(Webb)
This is what
the struggle was about.

00:58:53.129 --> 00:58:56.900
This was the beatings and
the sacrifices that we made--

00:58:56.900 --> 00:58:58.268
the jailings.

00:58:58.268 --> 00:59:00.536
It was to bring people together.

00:59:00.536 --> 00:59:02.939
♪

00:59:02.939 --> 00:59:04.641
(woman)
We were singing

00:59:04.641 --> 00:59:08.411
"We Shall Overcome" and sayin'
"We're gonna keep on walking

00:59:08.411 --> 00:59:09.913
"and keep on talking.

00:59:09.913 --> 00:59:11.848
Marching up the freedom land."

00:59:12.916 --> 00:59:16.319
I saw the freedom land
on that stage tonight.

00:59:17.787 --> 00:59:21.658
That's why we did it
for days like this.

00:59:21.658 --> 00:59:25.228
♪

00:59:25.228 --> 00:59:27.497
(Glenn)
I can't really point out

00:59:27.497 --> 00:59:30.900
what has changed in me,
but something has changed.

00:59:30.900 --> 00:59:32.468
I can feel it.

00:59:32.835 --> 00:59:35.905
(Regan)
Just race being
out on the table

00:59:35.905 --> 00:59:40.243
is something that I've
gained from this experience.

00:59:40.243 --> 00:59:44.247
♪ Wide world,
this old, wide world... ♪

00:59:44.247 --> 00:59:46.883
(Glenn)
We're not to full equality yet.

00:59:46.883 --> 00:59:49.519
I think this show
will expose that

00:59:49.519 --> 00:59:51.754
and bring us one step closer.

00:59:51.754 --> 00:59:53.723
♪

00:59:53.723 --> 00:59:56.359
(Roman)
I'm a black person
with potential.

00:59:56.359 --> 01:00:00.530
I have the right to have
an effect on the world.

01:00:01.164 --> 01:00:03.433
(Gena)
We've made such great friends,

01:00:03.433 --> 01:00:07.837
and I think we're all realizing
how powerful this story is.

01:00:08.438 --> 01:00:11.708
(choir)
♪ Make heaven... ♪

01:00:11.708 --> 01:00:13.576
(young man)
You have friends.

01:00:13.576 --> 01:00:15.178
You're gonna leave them.

01:00:15.178 --> 01:00:20.116
You won't go back and visit them
'cause they're going to college.

01:00:20.116 --> 01:00:22.018
That was the hardest part.

01:00:23.252 --> 01:00:26.622
(Stephanie)
To Kill A Mockingbird
might not be true,

01:00:26.622 --> 01:00:28.624
but something
like that happened.

01:00:28.624 --> 01:00:31.494
It's amazing how far
we have come.

01:00:31.494 --> 01:00:35.064
You look now, anybody can
go anywhere, you know?

01:00:35.064 --> 01:00:38.101
Me and Glenn sit next
to each other.

01:00:38.101 --> 01:00:39.769
We're not looked at.

01:00:39.769 --> 01:00:41.337
They haven't beat him.

01:00:41.337 --> 01:00:44.374
They haven't done none
of this; it's OK.

01:00:44.374 --> 01:00:46.309
Give me a hug, Glenn.

01:00:46.309 --> 01:00:51.147
We still have a distance to go

01:00:52.248 --> 01:00:56.019
before we lay down race,
but we will do it.

01:00:56.019 --> 01:00:58.254
We've got to give people hope.

01:00:58.254 --> 01:01:01.257
You've got to create
a sense of optimism

01:01:01.257 --> 01:01:04.293
and say to another
generation of young people,

01:01:04.293 --> 01:01:06.162
you, too, can do something.

01:01:06.162 --> 01:01:07.663
You, too, can lead.

01:01:08.631 --> 01:01:10.566
(choir)
♪ I'm trying... ♪

01:01:10.566 --> 01:01:14.303
(Yates)
Just listening
to these kids talk

01:01:14.303 --> 01:01:18.641
about what they've learned in
this show is phenomenal.

01:01:18.641 --> 01:01:25.515
And it's kids like these
kids who will see to it

01:01:25.515 --> 01:01:28.317
that things are better.

01:01:29.986 --> 01:01:32.922
There's no question in my mind.

01:01:32.922 --> 01:01:36.192
Miss Lee,
may I give you a hug?

01:01:37.593 --> 01:01:39.462
Thank you so much.

01:01:41.564 --> 01:01:48.671
(Kimberly and cast)
♪ I've heard of a city ♪

01:01:48.671 --> 01:01:54.544
♪ Of a city called heaven ♪

01:01:54.544 --> 01:02:00.683
♪ I'm trying to make it ♪

01:02:00.683 --> 01:02:04.987
♪ Make heaven ♪

01:02:04.987 --> 01:02:09.625
♪ My home ♪♪

01:02:09.625 --> 01:02:12.295
[excited applause and cheering]

01:02:25.007 --> 01:02:27.710
[gentle harp and clarinet score]

01:02:27.710 --> 01:02:45.027
♪

01:02:45.027 --> 01:02:47.430
[piano and bass lead]

01:02:47.430 --> 01:03:06.616
♪

01:03:06.616 --> 01:04:31.200
♪

01:04:31.200 --> 01:04:35.438
(Kimberly and cast)
♪ Of a city ♪

01:04:35.438 --> 01:04:41.477
♪ Of a city called heaven ♪

01:04:41.477 --> 01:04:47.650
♪ I'm trying to make it ♪

01:04:47.650 --> 01:04:51.654
♪ Make heaven ♪

01:04:51.654 --> 01:04:56.025
♪ My home ♪♪

01:04:59.862 --> 01:05:02.898
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