The Sequel

Description
Reviews
Citation
Cataloging
Transcript

If you are not affiliated with a college or university, and are interested in watching this film, please register as an individual and login to rent this film. Already registered? Login to rent this film. This film is also available on our home streaming platform, OVID.tv.

Opening with a powerful 'deep time' perspective, from the beginning of the Earth to our present moment, this film recognizes the fundamental unsustainability of today's society and dares to ask the big question: What will follow?

Around the world, fresh shoots are already emerging as people develop the skills, will and resources necessary to recapture the initiative and re-imagine civilization, often in the ruins of collapsed mainstream economies.

We encounter extraordinary projects and people from four continents, from renegade economist Kate Raworth, conservative philosopher Roger Scruton and Gaian ecologist Stephan Harding to localization revolutionary Helena Norberg-Hodge, inspirational practivist Rob Hopkins, eco-pioneer Jonathon Porritt and philanthropist/composer Peter Buffett. They are cultivating a resilience not reliant on the impossible promise of eternal economic growth; developing diverse, convivial, satisfying contexts for lives well lived.

All were inspired by the posthumously published lifework of the late David Fleming, 'Lean Logic: A Dictionary for the Future and How to Survive It', a work of rare depth that is rekindling optimism in the creativity and intelligence of humans to nurse our communities and ecology back to health.

'The Sequel explores the work of environmental economist David Fleming and the vibrant Transition Movement his ideas inspired. This film is a valuable supplement for college courses and local groups reading Fleming's work. Reminding us that our post-industrial socioeconomic systems are finite and that other ways of living are not only possible but inevitable, The Sequel is a sure catalyst to discussion and action.' Dr. Anna J. Willow, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Ohio State University

'The Sequel is part biography on David Fleming, part alarm about the coming crisis of the market economy, but most importantly a how-to for our communities, for ourselves, for you and me to re-envision and recreate our homes and communities. Rather than merely examining the fissures in our global wellbeing, this movie teaches us a way forward, a way to repair together, a communal way home.' Sean Prentiss, Associate Professor of English, Norwich University, Author, Finding Abbey: The Search for Edward Abbey and His Hidden Desert Grave

'A loving reflection on the life and philosophy of David Fleming...A helpful reminder that alternatives exist all around us. Fleming knew that healthy human societies and healthy relationships to the non-human world required intentional community building acts. Grow a garden, get involved in local politics, share tools with your neighbor, fix what's broken and buy less stuff. This is an inspirational film for audiences of all ages.' Dr. Kent 'Kip' Curtis, Associate Professor of Environmental History, Ohio State University

'The late English historian and ecological theorist David Fleming argues that global capitalism's need for constant consumption and growth is destroying the world - it consumes too many resources, spews out too many wastes, and pushes too many people into poverty and despair. Fleming thinks climate change will trigger what he calls 'climacteric collapse' of large-scale societies. This unfolding collapse offers the possibility of a counter-cultural renaissance if we transition to more locally-oriented and nature-focused ways of life.' James William Gibson, Professor of Sociology, California State University - Long Beach, Author, A Reenchanted World: The Quest for a New Kinship With Nature

'I highly recommend The Sequel...Through two decades of work on climate issues, I've come to appreciate that our challenges are less political and technological than we imagine them to be. Rather, our core challenges are relational and social - of how we can come to understand ourselves as connected to community across scales from local to global. The Sequel is an inspirational and particularly useful touchstone for those thinking about and seeking to secure a just, sustainable and resilient future for all.' Steve Adams, Director of Urban Resilience, Institute for Sustainable Communities

'If you are even peripherally aware of the multitude of environmental crises we face, it is difficult to avoid despair. The Sequel is an essential introduction to David Fleming's work that can help us all imagine, as he did, the beauty and potential of the 'seed beneath the snow.' Without ignoring the seriousness of the crises, Fleming's work demonstrates that through imagination, art, culture, ritual, and joy, there is a way forward. And that way forward won't be a sacrifice, but rather a reestablishment of the very communities, rituals, and practices we have lost in modernity, that before this moment have always given human life its meaning.' Dr. David Thomas Sumner, Professor of English and Environmental Studies, English Department Chair, Linfield College

Citation

Select a citation style:

Main credits

Armstrong, Peter (cinematographer)
Armstrong, Peter (film director)
Armstrong, Peter (screenwriter)
Chamberlin, Shaun (film producer)
Chamberlin, Shaun (screenwriter)
Wood, Helen Atkinson (narrator)
Cordery, Richard (voice actor)

Other credits

[Editor, Peter Armstrong].

MARC Record See Worldcat record

Keywords

david fleming, lean logic, transition towns, transition movement, transition network, economist, ecologist, historian, deep time, fundamental unsustainability, collapse of mainstream economies, Kate Raworth, Roger Scruton, Stephen Harding, Helena Norberg-Hodge, Rob Hopkins, Jonathon Porritt, Peter Buffet, resilience, sustainability, community, carnival, conviviality, optimism, creativity, economic growth, repair cafes, informal economy, St. Martin's Kenya, Schumacher College, great economic collapse, system collapse, civilization collapse, Tooting Broadway, sense of place; "The Sequel"; Bullfrog Films,doc,env; science; sociss

WEBVTT

00:00:00.351 --> 00:00:03.268
[soft piano music]

00:00:08.160 --> 00:00:09.217
- If I say to you,

00:00:09.217 --> 00:00:13.750
\"The Earth is around
4,600 million years old,\"

00:00:13.750 --> 00:00:16.530
that\'s just a huge number and
it doesn\'t mean that much.

00:00:16.530 --> 00:00:18.913
We can\'t imagine such a big number.

00:00:19.780 --> 00:00:21.770
Well, instead of just giving people

00:00:21.770 --> 00:00:23.710
or students here the number,

00:00:23.710 --> 00:00:25.660
what we do is to walk that distance.

00:00:25.660 --> 00:00:30.343
So, 4,600 million years is
translated into 4.6 kilometers.

00:00:33.150 --> 00:00:35.180
So, we walk 4.6 kilometers,

00:00:35.180 --> 00:00:37.853
representing the age and
the history of the Earth.

00:00:41.050 --> 00:00:42.400
We start in the deep past

00:00:42.400 --> 00:00:44.820
when the Earth was
formed all that time ago

00:00:44.820 --> 00:00:47.530
and we walk towards the present moment.

00:00:47.530 --> 00:00:51.610
Okay, so 4,600 million years ago

00:00:51.610 --> 00:00:53.350
is when the Earth first formed

00:00:53.350 --> 00:00:55.633
from the massive supernova explosion.

00:01:00.540 --> 00:01:03.010
4,000 million years ago is when,

00:01:03.010 --> 00:01:05.340
roughly when, the oceans appeared,

00:01:05.340 --> 00:01:08.953
probably sent in by ice
comets from the solar system.

00:01:12.080 --> 00:01:17.080
3,500 million years ago is
when the first bacteria appear.

00:01:17.420 --> 00:01:18.670
And these little bacteria

00:01:19.550 --> 00:01:21.080
aren\'t spreading all over the planet

00:01:21.080 --> 00:01:23.510
because they\'re living off chemical energy

00:01:24.410 --> 00:01:27.010
around certain rocks and
they can\'t spread very far.

00:01:29.610 --> 00:01:31.964
We\'ve still got such a long way to go.

00:01:31.964 --> 00:01:33.320
And we don\'t have any plants.

00:01:33.320 --> 00:01:34.680
We don\'t have animals.

00:01:34.680 --> 00:01:36.090
We don\'t have fungi.

00:01:36.090 --> 00:01:39.923
It\'s only bacteria, and they\'re
living only in the oceans.

00:01:42.360 --> 00:01:44.880
We\'re only 200 meters from the end.

00:01:44.880 --> 00:01:47.070
That\'s 200 million years.

00:01:47.070 --> 00:01:49.913
This is the moment when
the Age of Reptiles begins,

00:01:51.210 --> 00:01:53.363
and we start getting the first dinosaurs.

00:01:54.240 --> 00:01:55.950
200 million years ago--

00:01:55.950 --> 00:01:59.230
that\'s only 200 meters from the end.

00:01:59.230 --> 00:02:01.360
Just think of how far we\'ve walked,

00:02:01.360 --> 00:02:04.403
and we get dinosaurs almost
at the end of the walk.

00:02:12.500 --> 00:02:14.640
We\'ve reached the end of the walk now,

00:02:14.640 --> 00:02:16.800
so it\'s time to bring out the tape measure

00:02:18.130 --> 00:02:21.030
and maybe all come and gather
around the tape measure now.

00:02:23.160 --> 00:02:24.070
Everyone, that\'s it.

00:02:24.070 --> 00:02:27.250
Come and crouch down-- the
closer you see it the better.

00:02:27.250 --> 00:02:31.200
Okay, and just remember how
far we\'ve walked as we do this.

00:02:31.200 --> 00:02:35.310
And this is 20 centimeters,
200,000 years ago.

00:02:35.310 --> 00:02:37.860
Now, our species, Homo sapiens,

00:02:37.860 --> 00:02:40.940
appears somewhere around here, right?

00:02:40.940 --> 00:02:44.240
Now, let\'s go to the
end of the last ice age,

00:02:44.240 --> 00:02:46.000
which we think of as so long ago.

00:02:46.000 --> 00:02:49.540
It\'s about 13,000 years ago.

00:02:49.540 --> 00:02:53.120
Well, that\'s just about
here-- 13 millimeters.

00:02:53.120 --> 00:02:57.030
And finally, let\'s go straight
to the Industrial Revolution,

00:02:57.030 --> 00:02:59.490
which is 200 years ago.

00:02:59.490 --> 00:03:02.193
That\'s one-fifth of a millimeter,

00:03:03.530 --> 00:03:06.593
which is impossibly difficult to show you.

00:03:07.500 --> 00:03:10.030
Can you imagine one-fifth of a millimeter

00:03:11.270 --> 00:03:13.950
in the context of this huge long walk

00:03:13.950 --> 00:03:15.420
that\'s taken us hours to do,

00:03:15.420 --> 00:03:17.540
representing the age of the Earth?

00:03:17.540 --> 00:03:19.490
And our massive impact on the planet,

00:03:19.490 --> 00:03:22.770
which of course David Fleming
was so concerned about,

00:03:22.770 --> 00:03:26.423
happens in the last
one-fifth of a millimeter.

00:03:27.720 --> 00:03:32.150
Industrial Revolution begins,
climate change begins--

00:03:32.150 --> 00:03:37.010
the sort of climate change that
is brought about by humans.

00:03:37.010 --> 00:03:40.340
We have the sixth mass
extinction happening.

00:03:40.340 --> 00:03:42.530
And the Earth leaves
the nice stable state,

00:03:42.530 --> 00:03:44.090
the Holocene stable state,

00:03:44.090 --> 00:03:46.913
and moves probably towards
a very catastrophic warming.

00:03:48.710 --> 00:03:51.190
And it\'s great we\'ve got
a steam train coming,

00:03:51.190 --> 00:03:54.720
\'cause this really does represent
the Industrial Revolution.

00:03:54.720 --> 00:03:57.127
Look, look at all the
steam being blown out.

00:04:01.820 --> 00:04:04.370
That\'s not just steam,
that\'s carbon dioxide,

00:04:04.370 --> 00:04:05.740
which is going to help warm the Earth.

00:04:05.740 --> 00:04:07.990
And that CO2 has been coming in

00:04:07.990 --> 00:04:09.660
from steam engines like that,

00:04:09.660 --> 00:04:13.137
and later on from petrol
engines and diesel engines,

00:04:13.137 --> 00:04:17.500
for 200 years-- one-fifth of a millimeter.

00:04:17.500 --> 00:04:20.160
And in that one-fifth of a millimeter,

00:04:20.160 --> 00:04:24.920
we are utterly transforming
the face of the Earth forever.

00:04:24.920 --> 00:04:26.653
Welcome to the present moment.

00:04:27.703 --> 00:04:30.620
[soft piano music]

00:04:36.856 --> 00:04:40.439
[driving orchestral music]

00:04:42.550 --> 00:04:44.710
- [Narrator] This present moment,

00:04:44.710 --> 00:04:46.930
this market economy that we\'ve created

00:04:46.930 --> 00:04:49.240
since the Industrial Revolution,

00:04:49.240 --> 00:04:53.700
this latest fifth of a
millimeter of our Earth\'s story,

00:04:53.700 --> 00:04:56.770
feels like a moment of
confusion and loss--

00:04:56.770 --> 00:05:00.860
a sense that in our
ever-accelerating consumer society,

00:05:00.860 --> 00:05:04.684
we\'ve lost the sense of
how to live well together.

00:05:04.684 --> 00:05:07.351
[siren wailing]

00:05:08.600 --> 00:05:12.070
This film is about the work
and legacy of an amazing man,

00:05:12.070 --> 00:05:16.340
David Fleming-- a historian,
economist and ecologist

00:05:16.340 --> 00:05:19.310
with a deep understanding
of how we got here,

00:05:19.310 --> 00:05:21.840
and a compelling vision
of how we could rediscover

00:05:21.840 --> 00:05:25.270
what we\'ve lost as the
market has worked its way

00:05:25.270 --> 00:05:27.925
into every aspect of our lives.

00:05:27.925 --> 00:05:30.227
[light acoustic guitar music]

00:05:30.227 --> 00:05:31.830
- [David] The market economy has descended

00:05:31.830 --> 00:05:33.803
like a frost on public joy.

00:05:34.820 --> 00:05:37.210
It recognizes value only in money

00:05:37.210 --> 00:05:39.640
and takes the color out of society,

00:05:39.640 --> 00:05:43.223
burying loyalties and culture
in a blizzard of prices.

00:05:44.630 --> 00:05:48.040
The things that we most need,
families, mental health,

00:05:48.040 --> 00:05:50.970
belonging, happiness, and community

00:05:50.970 --> 00:05:53.243
are left out in the cold to die.

00:05:54.360 --> 00:05:56.450
We know what we need to do.

00:05:56.450 --> 00:05:58.900
We need to build the sequel,

00:05:58.900 --> 00:06:02.310
to draw on inspiration
which has lain dormant,

00:06:02.310 --> 00:06:03.860
like the seed beneath the snow.

00:06:07.193 --> 00:06:09.640
- [Narrator] So, who was
this extraordinary man?

00:06:09.640 --> 00:06:12.470
And who are the people taking
action around the world today,

00:06:12.470 --> 00:06:14.303
inspired by his words?

00:06:15.470 --> 00:06:18.000
David Fleming came from
a family of writers,

00:06:18.000 --> 00:06:20.000
with a historian as his grandfather

00:06:20.000 --> 00:06:22.140
and his mother a novelist.

00:06:22.140 --> 00:06:25.200
He was born in 1940 and
grew up in this house

00:06:25.200 --> 00:06:26.660
in the Cotswolds.

00:06:26.660 --> 00:06:28.360
He read history at Oxford

00:06:28.360 --> 00:06:31.563
and later economics at
the University of London.

00:06:34.060 --> 00:06:36.810
Later in life, he became
economics spokesperson

00:06:36.810 --> 00:06:38.260
for the Green Party,

00:06:38.260 --> 00:06:40.550
writing their general election manifestos

00:06:40.550 --> 00:06:45.350
with Jonathon Porritt in 1979 and 1984.

00:06:45.350 --> 00:06:47.883
And he went on to chair
the Soil Association.

00:06:48.980 --> 00:06:50.980
But for the last 30 years of his life,

00:06:50.980 --> 00:06:55.800
he had one overwhelming
pre-occupation-- to finish his book,

00:06:55.800 --> 00:06:58.470
the life\'s work that pulled
together his holistic vision

00:06:58.470 --> 00:07:01.270
for the sequel to our present society.

00:07:01.270 --> 00:07:03.820
He called it Lean Logic--

00:07:03.820 --> 00:07:07.750
A Dictionary for the Future
and How to Survive It.

00:07:07.750 --> 00:07:10.720
And he was constantly
revising and reworking it,

00:07:10.720 --> 00:07:12.700
adding more and more ideas,

00:07:12.700 --> 00:07:15.930
never satisfied that it
was ready for publication.

00:07:15.930 --> 00:07:18.350
- Which at the time I
thought was ridiculous.

00:07:18.350 --> 00:07:20.457
And it was like, \"Just
publish the bloody thing!

00:07:20.457 --> 00:07:22.390
It\'s been going on for ages.\"

00:07:22.390 --> 00:07:26.050
Anyway, so then Lean Logic
went through various...

00:07:26.050 --> 00:07:29.140
he came to my wedding with
a copy of it under his arm.

00:07:29.140 --> 00:07:31.060
When everybody was still
getting up in the morning

00:07:31.060 --> 00:07:33.880
and half asleep, David was
sitting out in the sunshine

00:07:33.880 --> 00:07:36.940
under the trees working away
on Lean Logic as it was,

00:07:36.940 --> 00:07:38.950
and he never finished it.

00:07:38.950 --> 00:07:43.773
- [Narrator] In 2010, David
died suddenly at the age of 70.

00:07:46.860 --> 00:07:49.490
The fate of David Fleming\'s
book passed into the hands

00:07:49.490 --> 00:07:51.020
of his friend and collaborator,

00:07:51.020 --> 00:07:53.900
the writer and editor, Shaun Chamberlin.

00:07:53.900 --> 00:07:57.320
He spent much of the next
six years in a labor of love,

00:07:57.320 --> 00:08:01.250
editing Lean Logic and finally
bringing it to publication

00:08:01.250 --> 00:08:04.890
alongside an accessible
paperback version he created,

00:08:04.890 --> 00:08:07.300
Surviving the Future, which he describes

00:08:07.300 --> 00:08:10.480
as a gateway drug to the full work.

00:08:10.480 --> 00:08:13.050
- I first met David Fleming in 2006.

00:08:13.050 --> 00:08:15.920
He taught me on a course
at Schumacher College,

00:08:15.920 --> 00:08:19.120
and we became very close
friends almost instantly.

00:08:19.120 --> 00:08:21.490
But he never actually
showed me Lean Logic.

00:08:21.490 --> 00:08:23.930
He said it was too close to his heart

00:08:23.930 --> 00:08:25.240
and we were too good friends,

00:08:25.240 --> 00:08:27.050
and if I didn\'t like it we\'d fall out

00:08:27.050 --> 00:08:28.750
and he didn\'t want us to fall out.

00:08:28.750 --> 00:08:32.400
So, after his death,
I found the manuscript

00:08:32.400 --> 00:08:34.550
for Lean Logic on his home computer,

00:08:34.550 --> 00:08:36.700
and it was like an invitation

00:08:36.700 --> 00:08:39.680
to one last glorious
conversation with my dear friend,

00:08:39.680 --> 00:08:42.890
who was the most incredible
conversationalist.

00:08:42.890 --> 00:08:47.630
And as I was reading it, you
know, in a fairly mournful way,

00:08:47.630 --> 00:08:50.360
but I was blown away by the book.

00:08:50.360 --> 00:08:51.787
I thought, \"Well this is something

00:08:51.787 --> 00:08:53.650
that desperately needs to be published,\"

00:08:53.650 --> 00:08:55.980
and eventually we were
able to bring it out

00:08:55.980 --> 00:08:57.560
with Chelsea Green Publishing.

00:08:57.560 --> 00:09:00.670
And it\'s been a real delight

00:09:00.670 --> 00:09:03.430
to see how it\'s spread
through the world since then.

00:09:03.430 --> 00:09:07.980
- David is such an important
person in our world,

00:09:09.290 --> 00:09:13.140
by which I mean the
world of alternative ways

00:09:13.140 --> 00:09:15.240
of looking at our
relationship to each other,

00:09:15.240 --> 00:09:18.210
to the future, to the natural world.

00:09:18.210 --> 00:09:23.210
And in a way, it\'s tragic
that he wasn\'t more understood

00:09:23.930 --> 00:09:26.570
and better received when he was alive.

00:09:26.570 --> 00:09:29.230
But that\'s because he didn\'t
finish his great work,

00:09:29.230 --> 00:09:30.063
his magnum opus.

00:09:30.063 --> 00:09:31.210
It wasn\'t for any other reason.

00:09:31.210 --> 00:09:34.530
People loved the things that
he did when he was alive,

00:09:34.530 --> 00:09:37.225
and he was a great political campaigner.

00:09:37.225 --> 00:09:39.880
And all of that made him
a very important person

00:09:39.880 --> 00:09:41.730
to all of us at that time.

00:09:41.730 --> 00:09:45.500
But it\'s only now that
Lean Logic is out there

00:09:45.500 --> 00:09:49.540
and people can see the combined effect

00:09:49.540 --> 00:09:53.310
of 30, 40 years\' worth of work

00:09:53.310 --> 00:09:55.220
brought together in one place

00:09:55.220 --> 00:09:58.930
to help people understand
the need to transform

00:09:58.930 --> 00:10:00.807
our core assumptions and
core ideas about the future.

00:10:00.807 --> 00:10:04.470
It\'s only now that this kind of life

00:10:04.470 --> 00:10:08.680
of indefatigable work and genius

00:10:08.680 --> 00:10:10.130
is there for people to share.

00:10:11.280 --> 00:10:13.400
- [David] This book is
about how to recruit

00:10:13.400 --> 00:10:15.720
the intelligence and purpose of people

00:10:15.720 --> 00:10:19.020
in the extraordinary task
of inventing a future.

00:10:19.020 --> 00:10:21.460
How to strip away the
burdens and complications

00:10:21.460 --> 00:10:23.610
the industrial economy inflicts,

00:10:23.610 --> 00:10:26.350
nurse the human ecology back to health,

00:10:26.350 --> 00:10:30.423
build local competence, and
rediscover a sense of place.

00:10:31.460 --> 00:10:32.950
- He was looking towards a future

00:10:32.950 --> 00:10:35.810
that in many ways could be difficult,

00:10:35.810 --> 00:10:38.170
and that where the present
is increasingly difficult

00:10:38.170 --> 00:10:39.600
for more and more people.

00:10:39.600 --> 00:10:42.200
And what David\'s work was
about was a different vision,

00:10:42.200 --> 00:10:45.050
a future which is built in community,

00:10:45.050 --> 00:10:46.670
in carnival, in conviviality,

00:10:46.670 --> 00:10:50.560
and that sense of enjoying
what it is to be alive together

00:10:50.560 --> 00:10:52.160
and remembering what really matters.

00:10:52.160 --> 00:10:54.900
And it\'s really satisfying
and nourishing now

00:10:54.900 --> 00:10:58.070
to see how many people are
not just reading the books

00:10:58.070 --> 00:11:00.330
and being excited by the concept,

00:11:00.330 --> 00:11:01.910
but going and putting them into practice,

00:11:01.910 --> 00:11:05.670
going and doing things which really embody

00:11:05.670 --> 00:11:07.217
that vision that David had.

00:11:10.120 --> 00:11:12.290
- [Narrator] So, today
in Tooting Broadway,

00:11:12.290 --> 00:11:15.020
in the heart of bus-jammed central London,

00:11:15.020 --> 00:11:19.220
Lucy Neal and her team are
planning a surprising experiment,

00:11:19.220 --> 00:11:23.760
seeking an antidote to the
market economy\'s hollow hunger

00:11:23.760 --> 00:11:25.960
and a first step towards
the kind of future

00:11:25.960 --> 00:11:28.590
that David Fleming had in mind.

00:11:28.590 --> 00:11:31.910
- Tooting\'s a very, very,
very, very busy town center.

00:11:31.910 --> 00:11:35.120
People are accustomed to seeing
the buses here all the time,

00:11:35.120 --> 00:11:37.010
every day, coming and going,

00:11:37.010 --> 00:11:39.360
and therefore there\'s
something fixed about it.

00:11:41.220 --> 00:11:42.620
There\'s nothing fixed about it.

00:11:42.620 --> 00:11:44.850
The buses have left today,

00:11:44.850 --> 00:11:49.230
and therefore the open
space allows us to conjure

00:11:49.230 --> 00:11:51.800
and play with other possibilities.

00:11:51.800 --> 00:11:55.860
Today, we\'re transforming this space

00:11:55.860 --> 00:11:58.600
into a pop-up village green,

00:11:58.600 --> 00:11:59.760
and we\'re gonna see what happens.

00:11:59.760 --> 00:12:02.950
Essentially, it\'s an invitation to people

00:12:02.950 --> 00:12:07.090
to enjoy a space for play,
connection, and possibility,

00:12:07.090 --> 00:12:10.293
and to reimagine what this place could be.

00:12:11.413 --> 00:12:16.413
♪ Country roads take me home ♪

00:12:16.626 --> 00:12:21.626
♪ To the place I belong ♪

00:12:22.090 --> 00:12:27.090
♪ Tooting Broadway, Mountain Mama ♪

00:12:27.518 --> 00:12:30.101
♪ Take me home ♪

00:12:33.068 --> 00:12:35.433
[medieval lute music]

00:12:35.433 --> 00:12:38.410
- [David] Historically,
carnival spans the buffoonery

00:12:38.410 --> 00:12:42.503
of the Feast of Fools, the
erotic Saturnalia of Rome,

00:12:43.370 --> 00:12:45.450
the holy holidays of the Church\'s calendar

00:12:45.450 --> 00:12:48.880
and the agricultural year,
all the local days of festival

00:12:48.880 --> 00:12:51.680
in which communities, for most of history,

00:12:51.680 --> 00:12:53.400
have put down their work

00:12:53.400 --> 00:12:55.823
and concentrated on enjoying themselves.

00:12:56.850 --> 00:12:58.537
- And I love this event of saying,

00:12:58.537 --> 00:13:01.437
\"What would happen if that
place which is full of buses

00:13:01.437 --> 00:13:04.747
and diesel fumes and noise,
and that nobody goes,

00:13:04.747 --> 00:13:05.997
nobody has conversation there,

00:13:05.997 --> 00:13:08.697
nothing convivial ever happens there,

00:13:08.697 --> 00:13:12.250
what would happen if we turned
that into a village green?\"

00:13:12.250 --> 00:13:15.477
And to not just ask the
question, but then to say,

00:13:15.477 --> 00:13:17.257
\"So, shall we try?\"

00:13:18.110 --> 00:13:20.973
I can sort of imagine David
wandering around here.

00:13:21.990 --> 00:13:23.900
The thing that I always
loved about David\'s work

00:13:23.900 --> 00:13:25.500
and David\'s writing was that,

00:13:25.500 --> 00:13:27.880
although he was an economist
kind of by training,

00:13:27.880 --> 00:13:30.683
he was much more than that.

00:13:31.720 --> 00:13:34.040
It was underpinned by a
vision of what we could create

00:13:34.040 --> 00:13:37.310
out of the mess that all the
other economists have created,

00:13:37.310 --> 00:13:39.950
the sorta car crash that will
that will inevitably result

00:13:39.950 --> 00:13:43.040
from conventional economics
or what comes afterwards.

00:13:43.040 --> 00:13:45.230
And do we want to be looking forward

00:13:45.230 --> 00:13:46.920
with a very dystopian vision,

00:13:46.920 --> 00:13:49.290
or actually do we want to create from that

00:13:49.290 --> 00:13:51.420
a vision where we can have
carnivals and parties,

00:13:51.420 --> 00:13:54.020
and where the food is better
and the conversation is better?

00:13:54.020 --> 00:13:56.790
And that always underpinned
his approach to economics,

00:13:56.790 --> 00:13:58.650
the idea that actually
this is the opportunity

00:13:58.650 --> 00:14:00.750
to really create something better.

00:14:00.750 --> 00:14:03.854
♪ You are my sunshine ♪

00:14:03.854 --> 00:14:07.245
♪ My only sunshine ♪

00:14:07.245 --> 00:14:11.050
♪ You make me happy when skies are gray ♪

00:14:11.050 --> 00:14:12.510
- [David] The community
building of the future

00:14:12.510 --> 00:14:15.810
will explore the intensely unfamiliar.

00:14:15.810 --> 00:14:17.280
Carnival is a time to grow

00:14:17.280 --> 00:14:19.800
into simply practicing our culture.

00:14:19.800 --> 00:14:20.990
It lifts the spirit,

00:14:20.990 --> 00:14:23.290
it bridges the distance to another person,

00:14:23.290 --> 00:14:27.263
it allows exuberant self-expression
and trusting encounter.

00:14:28.270 --> 00:14:30.070
The celebratory making of community

00:14:30.070 --> 00:14:33.327
is something real enough
to give your heart to.

00:14:33.327 --> 00:14:36.327
[rhythmic drumming]

00:14:38.116 --> 00:14:39.720
- I think we need the occasions

00:14:39.720 --> 00:14:43.980
where the ordinary is interrupted,

00:14:43.980 --> 00:14:48.980
where existing situations
are transgressed and changed,

00:14:50.540 --> 00:14:52.640
and that\'s how transformation happens.

00:14:52.640 --> 00:14:54.860
It sits within that broader context

00:14:54.860 --> 00:14:58.350
of beginning this long road

00:14:58.350 --> 00:15:03.350
to totally reinventing
how our world can be.

00:15:06.750 --> 00:15:09.040
- [Narrator] Historically,
carnival was under the sway

00:15:09.040 --> 00:15:12.820
of the god Dionysus,
lord of wine and ecstasy,

00:15:12.820 --> 00:15:15.500
who delighted in creating
room for passion and play

00:15:15.500 --> 00:15:17.883
by overturning the established order.

00:15:19.490 --> 00:15:22.120
And in our present, play-deprived times,

00:15:22.120 --> 00:15:23.890
more and more people are coming to share

00:15:23.890 --> 00:15:25.410
David Fleming\'s passion

00:15:25.410 --> 00:15:28.363
to overturn the
established economic order.

00:15:29.820 --> 00:15:32.010
One of today\'s leading-edge academics

00:15:32.010 --> 00:15:34.920
calls herself a renegade economist.

00:15:34.920 --> 00:15:37.710
Kate Raworth teaches at
Oxford and around the world

00:15:37.710 --> 00:15:39.580
and has recently set out her ideas

00:15:39.580 --> 00:15:43.260
in the popular best-seller
Doughnut Economics.

00:15:43.260 --> 00:15:46.680
- We are politically, socially
and economically addicted

00:15:46.680 --> 00:15:50.290
to unending growth through the
design of our institutions.

00:15:50.290 --> 00:15:51.950
- [Narrator] She takes
the same starting point

00:15:51.950 --> 00:15:53.630
as David Fleming--

00:15:53.630 --> 00:15:56.840
that the goal of
ever-increasing economic growth,

00:15:56.840 --> 00:15:59.850
so dear to politicians
and mainstream economists,

00:15:59.850 --> 00:16:03.410
is just not possible on a finite planet.

00:16:03.410 --> 00:16:04.910
- So, I\'ve just been teaching a class,

00:16:04.910 --> 00:16:07.390
taking on the question of
what would it look like

00:16:07.390 --> 00:16:09.850
to create economies that can thrive

00:16:09.850 --> 00:16:11.770
without endlessly growing.

00:16:11.770 --> 00:16:14.490
I think I really share a
viewpoint here with David Fleming

00:16:14.490 --> 00:16:18.330
about the apparent paradox
or contradiction of growth.

00:16:18.330 --> 00:16:21.190
- [David] This is the central
problem of the market economy.

00:16:21.190 --> 00:16:24.830
If it does not sustain its
growth, it will collapse,

00:16:24.830 --> 00:16:27.050
because unemployment
will rise without limit

00:16:27.050 --> 00:16:31.100
and both private incomes and
public finances will fail.

00:16:31.100 --> 00:16:34.733
Like a bicycle, it is only
stable when it is moving forward.

00:16:35.620 --> 00:16:38.610
And yet, if it does sustain its growth,

00:16:38.610 --> 00:16:40.960
it will collapse even more dramatically,

00:16:40.960 --> 00:16:43.400
owing to the depletion
of fuel and materials,

00:16:43.400 --> 00:16:47.000
the breakdown of soils,
environment and climate,

00:16:47.000 --> 00:16:48.813
and the decay of social capital.

00:16:49.930 --> 00:16:52.517
- People sometimes say, \"Well,
growth is a wonderful thing,

00:16:52.517 --> 00:16:53.350
We all want growth.

00:16:53.350 --> 00:16:54.377
I want to see my children grow.

00:16:54.377 --> 00:16:56.110
I like to see my garden grow.\"

00:16:56.110 --> 00:16:59.070
But if I said to you, \"I have a growth,\"

00:16:59.070 --> 00:17:01.900
well that\'s very different
because you\'d know that if I,

00:17:01.900 --> 00:17:05.100
a complex living system,
had something in me

00:17:05.100 --> 00:17:07.930
that was attempting to grow indefinitely,

00:17:07.930 --> 00:17:09.720
well that would be a cancer.

00:17:09.720 --> 00:17:11.700
We understand that there are limits

00:17:11.700 --> 00:17:13.480
to the benefits of growth,

00:17:13.480 --> 00:17:17.280
and yet our economies are
structured to depend upon this.

00:17:17.280 --> 00:17:20.990
It\'s almost an un-askable
question in today\'s politics.

00:17:20.990 --> 00:17:23.720
It\'s an unchallengeable norm.

00:17:23.720 --> 00:17:26.000
But we\'re heading into a direction

00:17:26.000 --> 00:17:27.370
of which we can\'t see a way out,

00:17:27.370 --> 00:17:30.550
especially when we see
all around us already

00:17:30.550 --> 00:17:32.869
the degradation that
this journey\'s driving.

00:17:32.869 --> 00:17:34.850
[light piano music]

00:17:34.850 --> 00:17:36.340
- [Narrator] For 200 years,

00:17:36.340 --> 00:17:40.240
industrial activity has been
based on degenerative design.

00:17:40.240 --> 00:17:44.220
We take Earth\'s materials,
make them into stuff we want,

00:17:44.220 --> 00:17:47.650
use it for a while, and then toss it away.

00:17:47.650 --> 00:17:49.940
Take, make, use, lose.

00:17:49.940 --> 00:17:53.770
It\'s a one-way system that runs
counter to the living world,

00:17:53.770 --> 00:17:57.460
and it\'s devouring the
sources of its own sustenance.

00:17:57.460 --> 00:17:59.830
Economic theory has told us not to worry,

00:17:59.830 --> 00:18:01.400
that more growth is needed

00:18:01.400 --> 00:18:03.863
so that nations can
afford to clean things up.

00:18:04.810 --> 00:18:07.860
But at the global scale,
that\'s simply not true,

00:18:07.860 --> 00:18:10.570
and the effects are destroying
Earth\'s life support systems

00:18:10.570 --> 00:18:12.573
on which we all fundamentally depend.

00:18:13.650 --> 00:18:15.610
We can\'t wait for growth
to clean things up,

00:18:15.610 --> 00:18:17.179
because it won\'t.

00:18:23.530 --> 00:18:25.260
- [Man] I go up to the tip very often

00:18:25.260 --> 00:18:28.400
and see the things that
have been thrown away.

00:18:28.400 --> 00:18:29.233
It\'s not on.

00:18:29.233 --> 00:18:31.007
You just can\'t go on like that forever.

00:18:32.452 --> 00:18:34.530
- [Narrator] But here\'s an alternative.

00:18:34.530 --> 00:18:37.020
In Stroud, as part of
the Transition movement

00:18:37.020 --> 00:18:39.240
inspired by David Fleming\'s work,

00:18:39.240 --> 00:18:41.350
they\'re running a repair cafe

00:18:41.350 --> 00:18:43.830
where you can get your
stuff fixed for free.

00:18:43.830 --> 00:18:48.530
- I like the fact that
these things are repairable,

00:18:48.530 --> 00:18:51.450
even though the manufacturer
doesn\'t want us to think so.

00:18:51.450 --> 00:18:53.390
A massive amount of things
that can be repaired,

00:18:53.390 --> 00:18:55.720
that don\'t need to be thrown away,

00:18:55.720 --> 00:18:58.086
but people would rather buy new things.

00:18:58.086 --> 00:19:00.919
[light pop music]

00:19:15.813 --> 00:19:17.130
- I think the repair cafe itself

00:19:17.130 --> 00:19:21.170
goes back right to David
Fleming\'s original thoughts

00:19:21.170 --> 00:19:26.170
about being able to live
in a sustainable world.

00:19:27.910 --> 00:19:30.910
- [David] Closed-loop systems
are systems or communities

00:19:30.910 --> 00:19:35.620
that have worked out how to
reuse most of their materials.

00:19:35.620 --> 00:19:37.590
For a natural ecology, this is routine,

00:19:37.590 --> 00:19:40.160
a necessary condition for its existence--

00:19:40.160 --> 00:19:43.810
whereas in an open system,
such as a market economy,

00:19:43.810 --> 00:19:45.783
this condition is absent.

00:19:47.140 --> 00:19:49.480
The energy-intensive, materials-intensive,

00:19:49.480 --> 00:19:53.600
feedback-blind model of society
and economy on which we rely

00:19:53.600 --> 00:19:56.790
is in trouble from many directions.

00:19:56.790 --> 00:19:58.810
The Transition Movement is a wide-awake,

00:19:58.810 --> 00:20:01.050
small-scale network of resilience

00:20:01.050 --> 00:20:04.550
towards which talent and
passion are being drawn.

00:20:04.550 --> 00:20:07.060
The tide is flowing.

00:20:07.060 --> 00:20:10.330
- So, following on from David
Fleming\'s original ideas,

00:20:10.330 --> 00:20:13.290
we\'ve got a movement now
which is well established.

00:20:13.290 --> 00:20:16.920
And I think it\'s in the
everyday implementation

00:20:16.920 --> 00:20:21.040
of those ideas that you actually
get your greatest rewards.

00:20:21.040 --> 00:20:23.400
Today, we had someone
who brought in a lamp.

00:20:23.400 --> 00:20:26.550
And it wasn\'t particularly easy to repair,

00:20:26.550 --> 00:20:27.530
but it certainly was something

00:20:27.530 --> 00:20:28.830
that you wouldn\'t want to throw away.

00:20:28.830 --> 00:20:31.000
And it was her mother\'s--

00:20:31.000 --> 00:20:34.670
her mother\'s suffering with
Alzheimer\'s at the moment.

00:20:34.670 --> 00:20:35.860
- [Woman] My mum\'s 87

00:20:35.860 --> 00:20:39.640
and she\'s been really
upset about it for months.

00:20:39.640 --> 00:20:41.510
And luckily, one day I was hoovering

00:20:41.510 --> 00:20:45.190
and I found the piece
that had been broken off

00:20:45.190 --> 00:20:46.543
and didn\'t throw it away.

00:20:47.930 --> 00:20:49.767
Every night she goes to bed she says,

00:20:49.767 --> 00:20:53.593
\"I miss my little lamp,\"
so she\'ll be thrilled.

00:21:00.040 --> 00:21:02.493
It\'s a very generous community spirit.

00:21:04.290 --> 00:21:06.220
- And what there was
there was a great bond

00:21:06.220 --> 00:21:08.903
between the person who\'s fixing and her.

00:21:10.030 --> 00:21:10.863
- [Woman] Thank you, Michael.

00:21:10.863 --> 00:21:11.696
- [Michael] That\'s all right.

00:21:11.696 --> 00:21:12.535
- That is so kind of you.
- That\'s all right.

00:21:12.535 --> 00:21:15.350
Glad we managed to do something.

00:21:15.350 --> 00:21:17.350
- [Woman] She\'ll be thrilled, thank you.

00:21:18.650 --> 00:21:21.330
- So that\'s the real, in a way,

00:21:21.330 --> 00:21:24.400
the economic benefit of repair cafes.

00:21:24.400 --> 00:21:25.777
You actually get people thinking that,

00:21:25.777 --> 00:21:27.867
\"Well, we can\'t go on consuming forever.

00:21:27.867 --> 00:21:30.707
We can\'t go on taking raw
materials out of the ground

00:21:30.707 --> 00:21:33.787
and then throwing them away
or dumping them in the sea.

00:21:33.787 --> 00:21:38.787
We\'ve got to be able to
express our relationship

00:21:39.467 --> 00:21:41.490
with the material world
in different ways.\"

00:21:41.490 --> 00:21:43.360
In this world, you can do something

00:21:43.360 --> 00:21:45.160
about what\'s wrong with it, I think.

00:21:46.060 --> 00:21:50.460
You can actually take
something, take it and fix it.

00:21:50.460 --> 00:21:54.000
I mean, the analogy there
is it could be the world.

00:21:54.000 --> 00:21:57.830
That is, you know, the world
is in many ways broken,

00:21:57.830 --> 00:22:00.360
but you can do something about it.

00:22:00.360 --> 00:22:03.640
- Now, any one initiative,
a little repair cafe,

00:22:03.640 --> 00:22:06.420
it\'s going to look isolated,
it\'s gonna be expensive,

00:22:06.420 --> 00:22:07.310
it\'s gonna be awkward

00:22:07.310 --> 00:22:09.090
because it\'s competing against the system.

00:22:09.090 --> 00:22:11.560
But once that becomes part of a network,

00:22:11.560 --> 00:22:14.140
an ecosystem of resource reuse,

00:22:14.140 --> 00:22:15.340
then you\'re beginning to build up

00:22:15.340 --> 00:22:17.610
an actual network of an alternative.

00:22:17.610 --> 00:22:19.450
- So, every political party in the world

00:22:19.450 --> 00:22:21.830
bases its program for
improving human lives

00:22:21.830 --> 00:22:23.330
on economic growth.

00:22:23.330 --> 00:22:27.250
That\'s the basis of all of their visions.

00:22:27.250 --> 00:22:30.290
But it\'s not possible for
that to continue indefinitely.

00:22:30.290 --> 00:22:32.150
And so, what\'s really
exciting about David\'s work

00:22:32.150 --> 00:22:33.700
is he holds out an alternative,

00:22:33.700 --> 00:22:36.750
which is not just theoretically possible,

00:22:36.750 --> 00:22:38.980
but has a great historical
proven track record

00:22:38.980 --> 00:22:41.133
of sustaining human civilizations.

00:22:42.410 --> 00:22:46.020
And that alternative to
growth for David is culture,

00:22:46.020 --> 00:22:49.280
is the informal economy
which is built in trust

00:22:49.280 --> 00:22:52.480
and relationships and
reciprocal obligations,

00:22:52.480 --> 00:22:54.800
the kind of relationships
we have within families

00:22:54.800 --> 00:22:58.530
and with people we meet up
with for sports events--

00:22:58.530 --> 00:23:00.590
the kinds of informal friendships

00:23:00.590 --> 00:23:03.740
and relationships that
make life worth living.

00:23:03.740 --> 00:23:06.020
Well, they could actually make it possible

00:23:06.020 --> 00:23:07.760
for life to continue as well

00:23:07.760 --> 00:23:09.886
if we can get away from our dependence

00:23:09.886 --> 00:23:11.029
on the monetary economy

00:23:11.029 --> 00:23:14.070
and remember how to rely
on each other again.

00:23:14.070 --> 00:23:16.750
- [David] The informal economy
consists of all the things

00:23:16.750 --> 00:23:19.510
we do for each other which
do not involve money--

00:23:19.510 --> 00:23:22.530
in families, cooking and
bringing up children--

00:23:22.530 --> 00:23:25.070
as citizens, serving as school governors,

00:23:25.070 --> 00:23:28.513
organizing societies and
sports clubs, voting.

00:23:30.440 --> 00:23:33.800
The informal economy makes the community.

00:23:33.800 --> 00:23:36.660
It\'s the fusion of friendship and service,

00:23:36.660 --> 00:23:39.430
of presence and local self-reliance.

00:23:39.430 --> 00:23:41.610
And throughout history,
it has proven its ability

00:23:41.610 --> 00:23:46.100
to maintain the stability of
an economy without growth.

00:23:46.100 --> 00:23:48.060
- There I do very much
agree with David Fleming.

00:23:48.060 --> 00:23:51.720
We need to rediscover the
community-based values

00:23:51.720 --> 00:23:56.400
and ways of working together
through the informal economy,

00:23:56.400 --> 00:23:58.110
not based on a price mechanism,

00:23:58.110 --> 00:23:59.680
and not based on government regulation,

00:23:59.680 --> 00:24:00.840
but based on the community

00:24:00.840 --> 00:24:03.850
actually collaborating and co-creating.

00:24:03.850 --> 00:24:07.210
- [Narrator] And this core
principle applies worldwide.

00:24:07.210 --> 00:24:10.780
There\'s a striking example
here in Nyahururu, Kenya,

00:24:10.780 --> 00:24:12.720
where local communities are providing

00:24:12.720 --> 00:24:17.121
essential support services on
an entirely voluntary basis.

00:24:17.121 --> 00:24:21.293
- [speaking Swahili]

00:24:21.293 --> 00:24:24.200
- [Translator] I started
noticing physical changes,

00:24:24.200 --> 00:24:26.700
had sores on my body.

00:24:26.700 --> 00:24:28.573
I wasn\'t able to eat properly.

00:24:34.110 --> 00:24:35.990
Then, through St. Martins,

00:24:35.990 --> 00:24:38.610
my neighbors started bringing me food,

00:24:38.610 --> 00:24:40.502
sharing their own food.

00:24:40.502 --> 00:24:43.919
[melodic singing]

00:24:49.230 --> 00:24:52.340
When John, the volunteer from St. Martins,

00:24:52.340 --> 00:24:54.180
first came to visit me,

00:24:54.180 --> 00:24:56.833
he arranged for me to go
to hospital for a check-up.

00:24:58.170 --> 00:25:00.463
Now, he comes every day to look after me.

00:25:02.370 --> 00:25:06.410
- Yeah, I was doing my
job at home, to farm,

00:25:06.410 --> 00:25:10.673
and evening I normally come
to visit her and nurse her.

00:25:11.610 --> 00:25:14.800
And we normally stay with
her one hour, two hour,

00:25:14.800 --> 00:25:16.663
talking, sharing.

00:25:17.690 --> 00:25:19.300
- All the things that
you have seen these days

00:25:19.300 --> 00:25:22.800
in St. Martin, we could
summarize them in three words--

00:25:22.800 --> 00:25:25.150
only through community.

00:25:25.150 --> 00:25:29.060
Everything we do, we want
to do with the people.

00:25:29.060 --> 00:25:31.280
I think we should really facilitate

00:25:31.280 --> 00:25:33.550
the sharing in the community

00:25:33.550 --> 00:25:37.830
to help themselves to
tackle their own problems.

00:25:37.830 --> 00:25:41.631
So, everything we do is
only through community.

00:25:41.631 --> 00:25:45.048
[melodic singing]

00:25:46.710 --> 00:25:48.050
- [Narrator] And David Fleming described

00:25:48.050 --> 00:25:52.200
how this community spirit
can be reinforced by ritual,

00:25:52.200 --> 00:25:55.910
especially dance-- being
\"willingly swept up,\" as he says,

00:25:55.910 --> 00:25:58.065
\"by something dramatic and beautiful.\"

00:26:03.865 --> 00:26:05.240
And David\'s words themselves

00:26:05.240 --> 00:26:07.960
helped start something
\"dramatic and beautiful\"

00:26:07.960 --> 00:26:11.590
here in the small town of
Totnes on the river Dart,

00:26:11.590 --> 00:26:12.670
inspiring the birth

00:26:12.670 --> 00:26:16.160
of the now-global
Transition Towns movement,

00:26:16.160 --> 00:26:19.423
perhaps the most potent
expression of his vision to date.

00:26:20.610 --> 00:26:24.060
- So, Transition started
here in Totnes in 2005

00:26:24.060 --> 00:26:25.150
as an experiment really.

00:26:25.150 --> 00:26:26.220
We didn\'t know how to do it.

00:26:26.220 --> 00:26:29.277
We said at the time, \"If I
try and do this on my own,

00:26:29.277 --> 00:26:30.110
it won\'t be enough.

00:26:30.110 --> 00:26:32.597
If we wait for the government
to do it, it\'ll be too late.

00:26:32.597 --> 00:26:35.217
But if we can gather around
us some people where we live

00:26:35.217 --> 00:26:38.030
and try and do it, it
might just be enough.\"

00:26:38.030 --> 00:26:40.330
Transition Town is a
movement of communities

00:26:40.330 --> 00:26:42.250
around the world who are reimagining

00:26:42.250 --> 00:26:43.920
and rebuilding the world.

00:26:43.920 --> 00:26:45.670
They start in the place where they are.

00:26:45.670 --> 00:26:47.550
They start with the
people who are around them

00:26:47.550 --> 00:26:50.520
who are interested,
and they create a space

00:26:50.520 --> 00:26:52.560
where people can come together and vision

00:26:52.560 --> 00:26:54.670
and imagine the kind
of future they\'d like,

00:26:54.670 --> 00:26:56.007
but then always in the context of,

00:26:56.007 --> 00:26:58.070
\"Okay, so what are we
going to do about it,\"

00:26:58.070 --> 00:27:01.367
and in a context of, \"All
right, next Saturday,

00:27:01.367 --> 00:27:04.610
three o\'clock, I\'ll bring the
spades, let\'s do something.\"

00:27:04.610 --> 00:27:06.343
They take that step into doing.

00:27:07.320 --> 00:27:09.610
Ultimately, where it is
heading in the places

00:27:09.610 --> 00:27:11.420
that are most sort of advanced with it now

00:27:11.420 --> 00:27:16.200
is they become a kind of a
driver for economic regeneration,

00:27:16.200 --> 00:27:18.700
but through this lens of
resilience and localization.

00:27:18.700 --> 00:27:20.420
So, they become communities

00:27:20.420 --> 00:27:22.240
becoming their own housing providers,

00:27:22.240 --> 00:27:24.943
their own energy companies,
their own food businesses.

00:27:25.960 --> 00:27:28.799
That\'s when it all gets
really, really exciting for me.

00:27:28.799 --> 00:27:31.630
[light pop music]

00:27:31.630 --> 00:27:35.120
- [Man] We started the bakery
just over three years ago now.

00:27:35.120 --> 00:27:38.000
We managed to get together
a group of about 60 families

00:27:38.000 --> 00:27:41.130
who paid upfront for their bread,

00:27:41.130 --> 00:27:43.600
sometimes up to 12 months at a time,

00:27:43.600 --> 00:27:45.230
and the longer they subscribe for,

00:27:45.230 --> 00:27:47.520
the bigger the discount we offer them.

00:27:47.520 --> 00:27:49.200
There was such enthusiasm in the community

00:27:49.200 --> 00:27:52.877
that we just knew we were
onto a winner basically.

00:27:55.080 --> 00:27:57.360
- [David] The Transition movement says

00:27:57.360 --> 00:28:00.210
if communities are to be
prepared for the coming shocks

00:28:00.210 --> 00:28:03.900
of climate, economics,
energy, and society,

00:28:03.900 --> 00:28:06.360
it will not be government that will do it.

00:28:06.360 --> 00:28:09.850
It will be something
they do for themselves.

00:28:09.850 --> 00:28:12.490
And trust is a key enabling condition

00:28:12.490 --> 00:28:16.200
for this transformation,
a sense of common purpose,

00:28:16.200 --> 00:28:19.530
where individual and collective
interests are aligned--

00:28:19.530 --> 00:28:23.310
individual contributions and
insights make a difference--

00:28:23.310 --> 00:28:26.650
the exceptional becomes feasible.

00:28:26.650 --> 00:28:29.100
- You\'re much more connected
with the people you work with.

00:28:29.100 --> 00:28:30.490
I\'ve had colleagues all my working life,

00:28:30.490 --> 00:28:31.920
but it\'s not the same thing.

00:28:31.920 --> 00:28:34.613
This is a different level
of interconnectedness.

00:28:35.574 --> 00:28:37.980
- You have no idea who\'s
gonna hear that story,

00:28:37.980 --> 00:28:39.473
visit that project.

00:28:40.331 --> 00:28:43.610
It could lead to changes in
national government policy.

00:28:43.610 --> 00:28:45.460
It could lead to new enterprises

00:28:45.460 --> 00:28:46.720
that create hundreds of jobs.

00:28:46.720 --> 00:28:50.110
It could create a whole new way

00:28:50.110 --> 00:28:52.200
that that community imagines its future.

00:28:52.200 --> 00:28:54.070
But you have no idea when you start.

00:28:54.070 --> 00:28:55.470
And the most important thing is

00:28:55.470 --> 00:28:57.330
you take that step with other people

00:28:57.330 --> 00:29:00.203
and you trust that something
amazing will come out of it.

00:29:01.290 --> 00:29:04.060
And now, in 2017,

00:29:04.060 --> 00:29:06.700
there are thousands of
transition groups now

00:29:06.700 --> 00:29:09.100
in 50 countries around the world.

00:29:09.100 --> 00:29:12.750
It\'s about culture and local culture,

00:29:12.750 --> 00:29:15.490
not in a sort of
turning-your-back-on-the-world

00:29:15.490 --> 00:29:19.223
kind of a way, but in
really connecting to place.

00:29:20.340 --> 00:29:22.930
- [Narrator] This is at
the heart of David\'s work,

00:29:22.930 --> 00:29:25.980
developing the culture,
interdependence, humor

00:29:25.980 --> 00:29:28.810
and warmth of the place where we live.

00:29:28.810 --> 00:29:31.140
In his words, building localities

00:29:31.140 --> 00:29:36.054
that ring with creative vitality
and which we can call home.

00:29:36.054 --> 00:29:38.971
[soft piano music]

00:29:42.170 --> 00:29:44.010
- And that\'s something which I share

00:29:44.010 --> 00:29:45.450
with David Fleming, of course.

00:29:45.450 --> 00:29:50.070
His whole emphasis of
his ecological thinking

00:29:50.070 --> 00:29:54.830
is that place comes first,
and that we human beings

00:29:54.830 --> 00:29:57.590
are unhappy until we\'ve
made a place for ourselves.

00:29:57.590 --> 00:30:01.020
We make it-- we don\'t make it
alone, we make it with others,

00:30:01.020 --> 00:30:04.240
and we make it through bonds of attachment

00:30:04.240 --> 00:30:06.930
which are not merely economic.

00:30:06.930 --> 00:30:08.743
On the contrary, they are cultural.

00:30:11.090 --> 00:30:15.230
The place that we have made
here, which we call Scrutopia.

00:30:15.230 --> 00:30:18.670
We\'ve tried to rescue this old farm

00:30:18.670 --> 00:30:21.573
and reintegrate it into the local economy.

00:30:23.260 --> 00:30:26.960
Home is the place where you are,

00:30:26.960 --> 00:30:28.980
in the existential sense, you know?

00:30:28.980 --> 00:30:30.920
This is where your identity is,

00:30:30.920 --> 00:30:33.180
where you\'ve fixed your being.

00:30:33.180 --> 00:30:35.850
Because your home is
connected with your identity,

00:30:35.850 --> 00:30:39.510
you feel an immediate bond
of responsibility towards it.

00:30:39.510 --> 00:30:42.040
If you make a mess in your
home, you clear it up.

00:30:42.040 --> 00:30:46.340
You repair it when it starts
leaking and falling apart.

00:30:46.340 --> 00:30:48.993
You\'re concerned about
all its surroundings.

00:30:52.470 --> 00:30:55.880
We need to learn how to
extend that natural feeling,

00:30:55.880 --> 00:30:58.863
which I call oikophilia, the love of home,

00:31:00.900 --> 00:31:03.890
beyond the immediate
environment of the person

00:31:03.890 --> 00:31:06.090
to the wider environment.

00:31:06.090 --> 00:31:09.640
So, it follows from this
way of looking at things

00:31:09.640 --> 00:31:13.300
that we must also localize our politics

00:31:13.300 --> 00:31:16.660
and our sense of environmental fragility.

00:31:16.660 --> 00:31:17.600
And that\'s something again

00:31:17.600 --> 00:31:21.473
which David Fleming was
so keen to insist upon.

00:31:22.750 --> 00:31:24.590
- [David] The political
economies of the future

00:31:24.590 --> 00:31:26.820
will be essentially local.

00:31:26.820 --> 00:31:29.200
They will use locally-generated energy

00:31:29.200 --> 00:31:31.320
and local land and materials,

00:31:31.320 --> 00:31:33.750
producing for local consumption.

00:31:33.750 --> 00:31:36.680
This local Lean Economy will be shaped

00:31:36.680 --> 00:31:40.083
by a rich, earthy mixture of
reciprocities and culture.

00:31:41.760 --> 00:31:44.870
In the context of the
unsustainable market economy,

00:31:44.870 --> 00:31:47.570
localization stands, at best,

00:31:47.570 --> 00:31:49.793
at the limits of practical possibility.

00:31:51.200 --> 00:31:53.940
But it has the decisive
argument in its favor

00:31:53.940 --> 00:31:55.940
that there will be no alternative.

00:31:55.940 --> 00:31:58.310
- If we think of the
problem of our dependence

00:31:58.310 --> 00:32:01.840
upon the global food distribution network,

00:32:01.840 --> 00:32:03.520
this is something which has come about

00:32:03.520 --> 00:32:05.580
without anybody intending it.

00:32:05.580 --> 00:32:09.300
It\'s come about, as Smith
would say, by an invisible hand

00:32:09.300 --> 00:32:13.290
from the opportunities
available to supermarkets

00:32:13.290 --> 00:32:17.267
and from the hidden
subsidies that are offered

00:32:17.267 --> 00:32:21.120
to supermarkets by
governments-- free roads,

00:32:21.120 --> 00:32:22.940
planning permission that permits them

00:32:22.940 --> 00:32:26.050
to develop these enormous warehouses.

00:32:26.050 --> 00:32:29.300
Supermarkets are a kind of scam really.

00:32:29.300 --> 00:32:34.280
I mean they\'re a fully subsidized
form of food distribution

00:32:34.280 --> 00:32:36.550
which externalizes many of its costs

00:32:36.550 --> 00:32:39.850
onto future generations
without any recompense.

00:32:39.850 --> 00:32:44.250
And they are the enemy,
but everybody loves them

00:32:44.250 --> 00:32:45.760
because they can go to a supermarket

00:32:45.760 --> 00:32:47.400
and get everything you want.

00:32:47.400 --> 00:32:50.110
You go back to your
hunter-gatherer state of mind,

00:32:50.110 --> 00:32:51.370
picking things off the shelf,

00:32:51.370 --> 00:32:53.370
you come away with a smile on your face.

00:32:53.370 --> 00:32:57.380
So, it\'s a big problem about motivation.

00:32:57.380 --> 00:33:01.580
But at a certain point, of course,

00:33:01.580 --> 00:33:04.987
this distribution network will collapse.

00:33:05.620 --> 00:33:06.940
But we\'d have the alternative

00:33:06.940 --> 00:33:08.860
and we\'ve always had the alternative.

00:33:08.860 --> 00:33:11.690
People grow their own food spontaneously.

00:33:11.690 --> 00:33:15.010
Farmers grow food spontaneously,
that\'s what they do.

00:33:15.010 --> 00:33:18.387
And this is where we
have to start thinking,

00:33:18.387 --> 00:33:22.190
\"Okay, how do we bring back
that local food economy?\"

00:33:22.190 --> 00:33:23.800
- [David] Local self-reliance in food

00:33:23.800 --> 00:33:26.570
is about protecting
the ecosystems and soil

00:33:26.570 --> 00:33:30.340
that are the true foundations
of all food production

00:33:30.340 --> 00:33:32.663
instead of importing fertility by the bag.

00:33:33.610 --> 00:33:35.740
The claim that centralized
industrial agriculture

00:33:35.740 --> 00:33:38.720
is the only way of
feeding a large population

00:33:38.720 --> 00:33:42.220
is about as scientific as
a belief in Creationism--

00:33:42.220 --> 00:33:43.899
and far more damaging.

00:33:43.899 --> 00:33:47.340
[light acoustic guitar music]

00:33:47.340 --> 00:33:51.200
In this context, practical
education must be recognized

00:33:51.200 --> 00:33:52.890
as a critical accomplishment,

00:33:52.890 --> 00:33:56.396
and teaching it as a core
responsibility of the community.

00:33:58.890 --> 00:34:01.580
- [Narrator] Such practical
education in food production

00:34:01.580 --> 00:34:04.660
is core to life here
at Schumacher College,

00:34:04.660 --> 00:34:06.523
deep in the English countryside.

00:34:07.580 --> 00:34:09.600
David Fleming lectured here,

00:34:09.600 --> 00:34:12.640
and one of his successors
today is the anthropologist

00:34:12.640 --> 00:34:17.230
and activist for local
agriculture, Helena Norberg-Hodge.

00:34:17.230 --> 00:34:19.280
- In our entire history,

00:34:19.280 --> 00:34:23.150
we grew up connected to
the sources of our food,

00:34:23.150 --> 00:34:27.140
connected in a way that
meant that we also understood

00:34:27.140 --> 00:34:29.480
that food production was

00:34:29.480 --> 00:34:32.040
and must be at the
center of every economy.

00:34:32.040 --> 00:34:35.370
And the celebrations around the harvest,

00:34:35.370 --> 00:34:38.590
around the feast of coming together

00:34:38.590 --> 00:34:41.850
to enjoy the fruits of those labors.

00:34:41.850 --> 00:34:43.750
- For the harvest of
gardens and allotments,

00:34:43.750 --> 00:34:46.060
for earthy roots, for crackling cabbage,

00:34:46.060 --> 00:34:49.570
for hanging beans and striped
courgette, we give thanks.

00:34:49.570 --> 00:34:51.170
For the harvest of local hedgerows,

00:34:51.170 --> 00:34:53.970
for the struggling bramble, the
black showers of elderberry,

00:34:53.970 --> 00:34:56.360
the mushrooms nesting in the dewy grass.

00:34:56.360 --> 00:34:58.140
For the friends made and support given,

00:34:58.140 --> 00:35:00.540
for people with whom to
laugh and with whom to weep,

00:35:00.540 --> 00:35:02.117
we give thanks.

00:35:02.117 --> 00:35:03.270
Blessings on the meal!

00:35:03.270 --> 00:35:07.520
[audience cheering and applauding]

00:35:21.077 --> 00:35:24.260
- So, the idea is to make
food as local as possible.

00:35:24.260 --> 00:35:26.270
So, you can\'t get something
more local than this,

00:35:26.270 --> 00:35:29.600
because basically all of
that is from the field.

00:35:29.600 --> 00:35:32.690
Chickens have laid these eggs over there.

00:35:32.690 --> 00:35:34.930
These beetroots, carrots, cucumber,

00:35:34.930 --> 00:35:37.430
all of that is from what we produced,

00:35:37.430 --> 00:35:41.380
so we wanted to celebrate
the harvesting, bounty,

00:35:41.380 --> 00:35:44.700
and enjoy and eat in the field

00:35:44.700 --> 00:35:46.930
what was produced in the field.

00:35:46.930 --> 00:35:48.500
- I think it\'s very much about improving

00:35:48.500 --> 00:35:51.120
environmental sustainability
and locality of food.

00:35:51.120 --> 00:35:54.430
And obviously we can grow our
food in a very ecological way

00:35:54.430 --> 00:35:56.700
and try and work as much
with nature as possible

00:35:56.700 --> 00:35:57.840
rather than relying on

00:35:57.840 --> 00:36:00.260
larger industrial-scale
agriculture to feed us.

00:36:00.260 --> 00:36:02.310
And so, I think part of the program

00:36:02.310 --> 00:36:04.000
is trying to train up
the growers of the future

00:36:04.000 --> 00:36:06.210
to kind of spread
smaller-scale local growing

00:36:06.210 --> 00:36:07.113
to other places.

00:36:08.410 --> 00:36:10.210
- [Narrator] This kind of \"lean economy,\"

00:36:10.210 --> 00:36:12.110
as David Fleming described it,

00:36:12.110 --> 00:36:15.780
has also been called the
\"economics of happiness.\"

00:36:15.780 --> 00:36:20.410
- For us, the economics of
happiness is an invitation

00:36:20.410 --> 00:36:22.480
to exactly the lean economy,

00:36:22.480 --> 00:36:26.030
to the local economy
that David talks about.

00:36:26.030 --> 00:36:28.330
And it\'s the perfect phrase for us

00:36:28.330 --> 00:36:33.300
because it makes it very clear
that at the deepest level,

00:36:33.300 --> 00:36:35.560
this is about our own well-being.

00:36:35.560 --> 00:36:37.980
And I believe that today,

00:36:37.980 --> 00:36:41.813
as people are feeling
overwhelmed and depressed,

00:36:42.720 --> 00:36:44.950
it\'s incredibly empowering

00:36:44.950 --> 00:36:48.400
to be able to share a
message like David\'s--

00:36:48.400 --> 00:36:51.910
that there is a path that
we can embark on right now

00:36:51.910 --> 00:36:55.760
that can, even with the
madness surrounding us,

00:36:55.760 --> 00:36:59.590
start to heal ourselves, our souls,

00:36:59.590 --> 00:37:03.940
start to help us to connect with life.

00:37:03.940 --> 00:37:05.810
- [Narrator] Such connection with life

00:37:05.810 --> 00:37:08.300
was a central concept for David Fleming,

00:37:08.300 --> 00:37:10.100
and not just human life.

00:37:10.100 --> 00:37:12.550
His holistic ecological thinking

00:37:12.550 --> 00:37:16.010
recognized that a purely
human-centric viewpoint

00:37:16.010 --> 00:37:20.310
not only damages the ecosystems
that support all life,

00:37:20.310 --> 00:37:22.730
but diminishes us as people.

00:37:22.730 --> 00:37:26.780
And his writing recognized the
times to step beyond logic--

00:37:26.780 --> 00:37:28.953
into the poetic, the spiritual.

00:37:29.950 --> 00:37:32.520
- [David] If the spirit is anywhere,

00:37:32.520 --> 00:37:34.393
it is in the natural ecology.

00:37:35.470 --> 00:37:37.540
It does not travel unattended.

00:37:37.540 --> 00:37:40.830
It comes in stories, in myth, in music,

00:37:40.830 --> 00:37:43.010
in the music of wolves.

00:37:43.010 --> 00:37:44.070
It has insight.

00:37:44.070 --> 00:37:45.060
It brings hope.

00:37:45.060 --> 00:37:46.640
It has tenacity.

00:37:46.640 --> 00:37:49.260
It has attachment, connecting
the body and the soul,

00:37:49.260 --> 00:37:52.370
intellect and emotion, animal and ecology.

00:37:52.370 --> 00:37:54.853
It is our sigh and our inspiration.

00:37:57.160 --> 00:37:59.250
For the dweller in an ecology,

00:37:59.250 --> 00:38:01.550
spiritual awareness recognizes that,

00:38:01.550 --> 00:38:05.580
beyond a certain point,
explanation misses the point--

00:38:05.580 --> 00:38:07.763
it has turned up at the wrong party.

00:38:09.280 --> 00:38:12.780
Spirit engages the whole
of us in conversation,

00:38:12.780 --> 00:38:13.703
in encounter.

00:38:15.970 --> 00:38:20.611
Lean Logic once, briefly, maybe,

00:38:20.611 --> 00:38:22.644
encountered the sublime.

00:38:28.580 --> 00:38:33.140
- Well, \"encountering\" means
really meeting something

00:38:33.140 --> 00:38:38.140
in a way that goes beyond
one\'s intellectual process.

00:38:38.270 --> 00:38:39.320
So, normally in the West--

00:38:39.320 --> 00:38:41.100
particularly as a scientist as I am--

00:38:41.100 --> 00:38:44.370
one\'s taught to encounter, say,
a tree through one\'s ideas.

00:38:44.370 --> 00:38:47.130
So, how did the shape
of that tree come about

00:38:47.130 --> 00:38:48.950
through the process of natural selection?

00:38:48.950 --> 00:38:51.010
What might the forces have been that made,

00:38:51.010 --> 00:38:53.817
say, the Sycamore leaf the shape it is?

00:38:53.817 --> 00:38:55.860
And it becomes a sort of instinct

00:38:55.860 --> 00:38:58.150
when you\'re a scientist and an ecologist

00:38:58.150 --> 00:39:00.740
to look at nature in that sort of way.

00:39:00.740 --> 00:39:02.500
That\'s not encounter.

00:39:02.500 --> 00:39:07.500
Encounter is when that
conceptual structure vanishes

00:39:07.550 --> 00:39:10.910
and you actually meet the being

00:39:10.910 --> 00:39:15.150
as the being coming forth
from itself as itself,

00:39:15.150 --> 00:39:17.000
revealing itself to you

00:39:17.000 --> 00:39:19.090
in a way that\'s beyond your intellect,

00:39:19.090 --> 00:39:21.470
in a way that\'s much more deeply intuitive

00:39:21.470 --> 00:39:23.150
and much harder to express.

00:39:23.150 --> 00:39:25.540
In fact, scientific
language is inappropriate

00:39:25.540 --> 00:39:26.900
for this kind of encounter.

00:39:26.900 --> 00:39:28.640
It\'s poetry that does it.

00:39:28.640 --> 00:39:30.133
It\'s a poetic encounter.

00:39:31.370 --> 00:39:34.340
Well, I had many experiences
of this kind of encounter

00:39:34.340 --> 00:39:37.500
with the muntjac deer that
I studied for my doctorate.

00:39:37.500 --> 00:39:40.040
And some of the moments I most remember

00:39:40.040 --> 00:39:42.230
would be when I was just waiting.

00:39:42.230 --> 00:39:45.940
And for many minutes,
or even an hour or more,

00:39:45.940 --> 00:39:46.993
nothing would happen.

00:39:48.150 --> 00:39:51.330
And then, if I was lucky,
a muntjac would appear

00:39:51.330 --> 00:39:54.083
and just stand, even
just for a few seconds.

00:40:00.490 --> 00:40:03.130
And if I was lucky, it
would look in my direction.

00:40:03.130 --> 00:40:05.290
Then time stood still.

00:40:05.290 --> 00:40:06.880
Time stopped.

00:40:06.880 --> 00:40:10.150
And there was this
infinite moment of meeting

00:40:10.150 --> 00:40:12.480
between myself and the muntjac.

00:40:12.480 --> 00:40:15.530
There was a sense of
the being of the muntjac

00:40:15.530 --> 00:40:19.380
as a revelation, as if
some kind of syrupy smoke

00:40:19.380 --> 00:40:21.300
was moving from the muntjac to me,

00:40:21.300 --> 00:40:24.030
infusing my whole being with muntjac-ness

00:40:24.030 --> 00:40:25.900
so I could immediately understand

00:40:25.900 --> 00:40:27.620
the wholeness of the muntjac,

00:40:27.620 --> 00:40:29.360
and how they relate to the entire wood.

00:40:29.360 --> 00:40:31.170
I could have an intuitive
perception of that

00:40:31.170 --> 00:40:35.470
in that instant about who
the muntjac were as an animal

00:40:35.470 --> 00:40:37.960
with their own ecological
niche in the forest.

00:40:37.960 --> 00:40:39.003
And it went further than that.

00:40:39.003 --> 00:40:42.330
I could also get a sense of the
ecology of the whole forest.

00:40:42.330 --> 00:40:44.210
It suddenly came into focus

00:40:44.210 --> 00:40:45.860
through the being of the muntjac.

00:40:45.860 --> 00:40:48.480
The whole came into my perception.

00:40:48.480 --> 00:40:50.160
And then, if I was very lucky,

00:40:50.160 --> 00:40:51.990
then that wholeness would spread out

00:40:51.990 --> 00:40:55.270
and I\'d get a sense of the
ecology of the entire Earth.

00:40:55.270 --> 00:40:57.880
All those energies became
concentrated in the muntjac,

00:40:57.880 --> 00:41:00.650
which for me symbolized
all these different aspects

00:41:00.650 --> 00:41:03.623
of the ecology of the wood and
indeed of the Earth herself.

00:41:05.860 --> 00:41:08.080
- [David] When the animal
ecologist Stephan Harding

00:41:08.080 --> 00:41:10.850
observed the little muntjac
deer in Rushbeds Wood,

00:41:10.850 --> 00:41:13.900
little pools of life, chewing their cud,

00:41:13.900 --> 00:41:16.930
pausing for a moment of
meditative tranquility,

00:41:16.930 --> 00:41:20.000
and seeming to radiate
light in the shadows,

00:41:20.000 --> 00:41:21.863
there was encounter.

00:41:23.400 --> 00:41:26.383
When the system you\'ve been
studying looks back at you,

00:41:27.290 --> 00:41:31.277
it\'s not understanding that
hangs in the air, but, \"Hello!\"

00:41:32.240 --> 00:41:33.890
There\'s a conversation.

00:41:33.890 --> 00:41:34.873
You are not alone.

00:41:36.270 --> 00:41:39.480
By filling its environment
with things it can control,

00:41:39.480 --> 00:41:43.690
the industrial market economy
has lost its grip on logic

00:41:43.690 --> 00:41:45.780
at roughly the same speed and time

00:41:45.780 --> 00:41:47.300
as it has emptied its environment

00:41:47.300 --> 00:41:49.273
of things it can say hello to.

00:41:50.120 --> 00:41:52.920
Observing a little system chewing its cud

00:41:52.920 --> 00:41:55.993
among the shadows of a
summer afternoon is good.

00:41:56.960 --> 00:41:59.343
Encountering a little muntjac is better.

00:42:00.720 --> 00:42:02.020
It can start you thinking.

00:42:04.580 --> 00:42:05.630
- [Narrator] So, after a lifetime

00:42:05.630 --> 00:42:07.820
of thinking about all these issues,

00:42:07.820 --> 00:42:11.450
what conclusions did David
reach about the future we face

00:42:11.450 --> 00:42:12.753
and how to survive it?

00:42:13.730 --> 00:42:16.290
- David was personally very troubled

00:42:16.290 --> 00:42:20.880
by what he saw coming in the
future, where we\'re headed.

00:42:20.880 --> 00:42:23.720
All the various ways in which
the systems that we rely on,

00:42:23.720 --> 00:42:26.240
whether that\'s our food delivery systems

00:42:26.240 --> 00:42:29.780
or our climate or our
water supply systems,

00:42:29.780 --> 00:42:32.570
are all in trouble from a
lot of different directions

00:42:32.570 --> 00:42:34.690
and indeed have all
become very interlinked,

00:42:34.690 --> 00:42:35.880
so that as one fails

00:42:35.880 --> 00:42:37.950
it\'s likely to take others down with it.

00:42:37.950 --> 00:42:39.860
And he used this word, \"climacteric,\"

00:42:39.860 --> 00:42:42.620
as a sort of a collective word

00:42:42.620 --> 00:42:44.923
for all of these crises converging.

00:42:45.840 --> 00:42:47.340
- [David] The end is in sight.

00:42:49.030 --> 00:42:50.670
During the early decades of the century,

00:42:50.670 --> 00:42:52.643
the market will lose its magic,

00:42:54.930 --> 00:42:57.100
as the market\'s taut competitiveness

00:42:57.100 --> 00:42:59.720
demands ever-increasing productivity

00:42:59.720 --> 00:43:03.653
and thus relies on the
impossibility of perpetual growth.

00:43:04.910 --> 00:43:07.370
- For David, the world
we see around us now,

00:43:07.370 --> 00:43:10.470
it\'s a system which is
destroying the biosphere,

00:43:10.470 --> 00:43:11.650
the climate.

00:43:11.650 --> 00:43:15.500
It\'s causing an unprecedented eradication

00:43:15.500 --> 00:43:18.690
of biodiversity and life on this planet.

00:43:18.690 --> 00:43:22.130
It\'s something which is creating
an epidemic of loneliness,

00:43:22.130 --> 00:43:25.590
of isolation, a mental health crisis.

00:43:25.590 --> 00:43:27.360
We really shared a sense

00:43:27.360 --> 00:43:30.060
that this was not something
that was resilient.

00:43:30.060 --> 00:43:32.770
This was not something that had permanence

00:43:32.770 --> 00:43:33.953
or stability to it.

00:43:35.470 --> 00:43:36.840
- [Narrator] And yet we
still want to believe

00:43:36.840 --> 00:43:39.160
in the demonstrably impossible myth

00:43:39.160 --> 00:43:41.540
of endless economic growth,

00:43:41.540 --> 00:43:44.493
hoping that it can defer
the climacteric forever.

00:43:45.480 --> 00:43:47.450
- [David] Every civilization has had

00:43:47.450 --> 00:43:49.963
its irrational but reassuring myth.

00:43:50.840 --> 00:43:53.040
Previous civilizations
have used their culture

00:43:53.040 --> 00:43:56.430
to sing about it and
tell stories about it.

00:43:56.430 --> 00:43:59.493
Ours has used its mathematics to prove it.

00:44:02.550 --> 00:44:05.610
Civilizations self-destruct anyway,

00:44:05.610 --> 00:44:09.070
but it is reasonable to ask
whether they have done so before

00:44:09.070 --> 00:44:11.380
with such enthusiasm,

00:44:11.380 --> 00:44:14.713
in obedience to such an
acutely absurd superstition.

00:44:16.560 --> 00:44:18.213
- He was certainly somebody who recognized

00:44:18.213 --> 00:44:21.970
that the current model in the world,

00:44:21.970 --> 00:44:24.403
the economic model,
the prevailing systems,

00:44:25.239 --> 00:44:28.950
are very transient and will
collapse at some point soon.

00:44:28.950 --> 00:44:32.756
So, for me, he wasn\'t so much
an end-of-the-world merchant

00:44:32.756 --> 00:44:36.020
as a what-will-the-next-world-look-like
merchant.

00:44:36.020 --> 00:44:40.540
He was the least doomy,
pessimistic person,

00:44:40.540 --> 00:44:45.100
but he was really fascinated
by those questions

00:44:45.100 --> 00:44:46.810
about what comes next.

00:44:46.810 --> 00:44:48.720
So it\'s not so much, \"The
end of the world is nigh.\"

00:44:48.720 --> 00:44:53.037
It was more like, \"A new world is coming.

00:44:53.037 --> 00:44:54.417
What are its qualities?

00:44:54.417 --> 00:44:56.555
What are its feelings?

00:44:56.555 --> 00:44:57.987
What would it be like and taste like

00:44:57.987 --> 00:44:59.947
and sound like and feel like?\"

00:45:00.970 --> 00:45:03.350
- [David] It is the aim of Lean Logic

00:45:03.350 --> 00:45:05.940
to suggest some principles for repairing

00:45:05.940 --> 00:45:07.410
the atrophied social structures

00:45:07.410 --> 00:45:09.690
on which most human cultures were built--

00:45:09.690 --> 00:45:12.130
the play, humor, conversation,

00:45:12.130 --> 00:45:14.890
and reciprocal obligations
of a rich culture

00:45:14.890 --> 00:45:17.570
as the basis for a cohesive society

00:45:17.570 --> 00:45:20.243
that might survive the
turbulent times to come.

00:45:21.400 --> 00:45:24.480
- David\'s work was all
about building the sequel.

00:45:24.480 --> 00:45:27.950
It was all about the seed beneath
the snow, as he called it.

00:45:27.950 --> 00:45:29.890
What do we want the world

00:45:29.890 --> 00:45:32.330
after the collapse of
this economy to look like,

00:45:32.330 --> 00:45:34.380
and how can we start building that today?

00:45:36.150 --> 00:45:39.020
- [Narrator] And here at
Sterling College in Vermont,

00:45:39.020 --> 00:45:42.220
dedicated to practical
environmental stewardship,

00:45:42.220 --> 00:45:44.820
they\'re exploring just this issue.

00:45:44.820 --> 00:45:46.750
In a series of seminars and courses

00:45:46.750 --> 00:45:49.700
drawing on David Fleming\'s
work, they are asking,

00:45:49.700 --> 00:45:51.960
\"How should we prepare for the future,

00:45:51.960 --> 00:45:55.230
as the climacteric continues to unfold?\"

00:45:55.230 --> 00:45:57.430
- We will start to live
in a relationship again

00:45:57.430 --> 00:46:00.060
to each other, to the land,

00:46:00.060 --> 00:46:02.733
to every other species on the planet.

00:46:03.640 --> 00:46:05.886
We have everything to gain.

00:46:05.886 --> 00:46:08.800
And I think that speaks to the difference

00:46:08.800 --> 00:46:12.990
between what we\'ve been sold
in terms of how we\'ll be happy,

00:46:12.990 --> 00:46:14.950
which is through material gain,

00:46:14.950 --> 00:46:19.130
versus what is true, which
is how we will feel fulfilled

00:46:19.130 --> 00:46:23.150
and purposeful through relational gain

00:46:23.150 --> 00:46:25.150
in every sense of the word.

00:46:25.150 --> 00:46:28.580
- The fact that this is posthumous

00:46:29.950 --> 00:46:33.950
adds such a poignancy to it
because there\'s a mystery

00:46:33.950 --> 00:46:35.967
that he\'s not here to explicate it.

00:46:35.967 --> 00:46:39.300
And in some ways, paradoxically enough,

00:46:39.300 --> 00:46:40.940
only we can explicate it.

00:46:40.940 --> 00:46:45.810
Only we can fulfill his
vision by enacting it,

00:46:45.810 --> 00:46:48.143
by coming together as communities,

00:46:49.060 --> 00:46:53.320
by understanding the predicament we\'re in.

00:46:53.320 --> 00:46:55.380
- David\'s work has taken me somewhere

00:46:55.380 --> 00:46:57.603
that I hadn\'t got on my own.

00:46:58.500 --> 00:47:01.100
With 20 years of thinking
about these issues

00:47:01.100 --> 00:47:05.913
and climate change and poverty,
he took me over a threshold,

00:47:07.340 --> 00:47:08.950
and the very important threshold

00:47:08.950 --> 00:47:10.460
that I think the world collectively

00:47:10.460 --> 00:47:12.370
is struggling with right now,

00:47:12.370 --> 00:47:16.143
which is the desperate
desire to hold on to what is.

00:47:16.143 --> 00:47:18.220
[soft piano music]

00:47:18.220 --> 00:47:20.750
We all have our critiques of this culture,

00:47:20.750 --> 00:47:24.250
but it is still our culture
and it\'s still our system.

00:47:24.250 --> 00:47:26.100
This capitalist economic global system

00:47:26.100 --> 00:47:27.740
is the system that we were born in,

00:47:27.740 --> 00:47:29.810
raised in, we\'re comfortable with.

00:47:29.810 --> 00:47:33.760
It is an extraordinarily
difficult cognitive feat

00:47:33.760 --> 00:47:36.840
to be able to get beyond the desire

00:47:36.840 --> 00:47:40.000
to hold that, hold it tight,

00:47:40.000 --> 00:47:44.340
because to let go feels
like a leap into the dark

00:47:44.340 --> 00:47:48.097
and it triggers very big fear responses.

00:47:48.097 --> 00:47:50.527
\"What does it mean for the... collapse!?

00:47:50.527 --> 00:47:51.587
System collapse?

00:47:51.587 --> 00:47:53.320
Civilization collapse?\"

00:47:53.320 --> 00:47:57.240
That\'s an almost impossible
thought to process sometimes.

00:47:57.240 --> 00:47:58.440
And what David did to me,

00:47:58.440 --> 00:48:00.840
and what is so inspiring about his work,

00:48:00.840 --> 00:48:02.780
is that he took us beyond that threshold.

00:48:02.780 --> 00:48:05.580
He certainly took me beyond
that threshold of collapse.

00:48:05.580 --> 00:48:09.720
So the task is not to ask ourselves

00:48:09.720 --> 00:48:13.380
whether we want to move
to a post-growth economy,

00:48:13.380 --> 00:48:14.723
but prepare for it.

00:48:15.930 --> 00:48:17.380
- [Narrator] And here in Greece,

00:48:17.380 --> 00:48:20.840
it\'s already beyond the
stage of preparation.

00:48:20.840 --> 00:48:22.740
They\'re among the first to experience

00:48:22.740 --> 00:48:25.850
just such a post-growth collapse.

00:48:25.850 --> 00:48:30.640
Since the crisis in 2010,
economic growth here has ended.

00:48:30.640 --> 00:48:35.030
The economy has actually shrunk by 25%.

00:48:35.030 --> 00:48:37.440
And, sure enough, without forward motion,

00:48:37.440 --> 00:48:40.963
the bicycle of the market
economy has lost its stability.

00:48:41.990 --> 00:48:45.040
A quarter-of-a-million
companies have collapsed.

00:48:45.040 --> 00:48:48.780
Unemployment has jumped from 10% to 25%

00:48:48.780 --> 00:48:51.493
and to over 50% for young people.

00:48:52.780 --> 00:48:56.370
At its worst, close to half
the population of Greece

00:48:56.370 --> 00:48:58.493
was living below the poverty line.

00:49:04.820 --> 00:49:07.280
And just as David Fleming predicted,

00:49:07.280 --> 00:49:10.030
when people can no longer
rely on the formal economy

00:49:10.030 --> 00:49:13.590
to support them, the value
of the informal economy

00:49:13.590 --> 00:49:15.963
is suddenly recognized and remembered.

00:49:16.810 --> 00:49:20.433
- What means for us
\"solidarity\" is first of all

00:49:21.920 --> 00:49:26.145
to say that no one is alone

00:49:26.803 --> 00:49:27.819
in this crisis.

00:49:28.947 --> 00:49:30.473
We are all together.

00:49:31.330 --> 00:49:35.310
We stay together, we live
together and we fight together.

00:49:35.310 --> 00:49:40.310
And that is why we have
written here \"mazi.\"

00:49:40.580 --> 00:49:43.900
That means, \"mazi,\" together.

00:49:43.900 --> 00:49:47.703
Together, in every situation.

00:49:49.350 --> 00:49:51.370
- [Narrator] And the
situation was particularly bad

00:49:51.370 --> 00:49:54.850
for medical services, as
suddenly everyone had to pay

00:49:54.850 --> 00:49:57.280
for access to doctors and hospitals,

00:49:57.280 --> 00:49:59.510
prescriptions and treatments.

00:49:59.510 --> 00:50:02.260
In response, an informal health service

00:50:02.260 --> 00:50:05.240
was set up by volunteers
across the country.

00:50:05.240 --> 00:50:07.340
Solidarity clinics were established,

00:50:07.340 --> 00:50:10.670
like this one in Athens,
with doctors and pharmacists

00:50:10.670 --> 00:50:12.440
offering their time and expertise

00:50:12.440 --> 00:50:14.470
to anyone who needed health care

00:50:14.470 --> 00:50:16.123
but could no longer afford it.

00:50:17.480 --> 00:50:20.950
This clinic was founded by
the cardiologist Dr. Vichas.

00:50:21.894 --> 00:50:22.727
- [speaking Greek]

00:50:22.727 --> 00:50:24.560
- [Translator] It was at the
very beginning of the crisis

00:50:24.560 --> 00:50:28.690
in 2011 that I had the
idea of this clinic.

00:50:28.690 --> 00:50:31.140
The aim was to help patients

00:50:31.140 --> 00:50:33.150
who simply couldn\'t afford health care

00:50:33.990 --> 00:50:35.490
and were at the risk of dying.

00:50:36.580 --> 00:50:39.893
If I hadn\'t done anything,
I would have felt complicit.

00:50:41.504 --> 00:50:45.180
When we opened the clinic, we
were just 20 volunteers here,

00:50:45.180 --> 00:50:47.080
and seven of us doctors.

00:50:47.080 --> 00:50:49.290
And then, within six months,

00:50:49.290 --> 00:50:52.543
we were 300 volunteers and 100 doctors.

00:50:54.000 --> 00:50:57.090
At first, we had a few boxes of drugs.

00:50:57.090 --> 00:51:01.553
Now, we have rooms full coming
in as community donations.

00:51:02.800 --> 00:51:04.450
- [Narrator] Medicines
are brought in by people

00:51:04.450 --> 00:51:07.760
who have more than they need
or are sent in as donations

00:51:07.760 --> 00:51:10.000
from supporters around the world.

00:51:10.000 --> 00:51:13.350
They\'re dispensed by pharmacists
who are either retired

00:51:13.350 --> 00:51:15.173
or who volunteer after work.

00:51:16.126 --> 00:51:16.959
- [speaking Greek]

00:51:16.959 --> 00:51:18.850
- [Translator] We see people
who\'ve become unemployed

00:51:18.850 --> 00:51:23.200
because of the crisis or had
their pensions cut right back.

00:51:23.200 --> 00:51:25.228
That\'s why they come here.

00:51:25.228 --> 00:51:29.290
So, for example, a person
who needs thyroid pills,

00:51:29.290 --> 00:51:32.023
this pack only costs one euro.

00:51:33.790 --> 00:51:35.990
But even that\'s something
they can\'t afford.

00:51:37.143 --> 00:51:38.331
- [speaking Greek]

00:51:38.331 --> 00:51:40.690
- [Translator] So, I rely on this clinic.

00:51:40.690 --> 00:51:44.890
Otherwise, it would cost me
around 100 euros every month,

00:51:44.890 --> 00:51:46.663
which I just don\'t have.

00:51:48.109 --> 00:51:50.637
- [speaking Greek]

00:51:51.620 --> 00:51:53.830
- [Translator] It\'s not
a question of charity.

00:51:53.830 --> 00:51:56.920
This is a political act of solidarity.

00:51:56.920 --> 00:51:59.690
I\'m retired now, but I
can\'t just stay at home

00:51:59.690 --> 00:52:01.150
watching on television

00:52:01.150 --> 00:52:04.160
things going on from bad
to worse and do nothing.

00:52:04.160 --> 00:52:07.250
So, I\'ve worked here for six years now

00:52:07.250 --> 00:52:09.300
with the other volunteers.

00:52:09.300 --> 00:52:12.600
We make a team, and I
hope we make a difference.

00:52:12.600 --> 00:52:16.550
- I can\'t see all the
people die around me,

00:52:16.550 --> 00:52:21.550
because maybe tomorrow
I\'ll be in the same place.

00:52:22.130 --> 00:52:27.130
That\'s why we feel so
good, all the people here--

00:52:27.490 --> 00:52:29.320
that\'s why, in the clinic.

00:52:29.320 --> 00:52:33.400
It is very difficult
for the people who work

00:52:33.400 --> 00:52:38.400
and they take a lot of money
to understand what is this,

00:52:38.830 --> 00:52:43.372
to give without

00:52:44.404 --> 00:52:47.795
take back money or something else.

00:52:47.960 --> 00:52:50.010
They can\'t understand that.

00:52:50.010 --> 00:52:53.440
But for us, it is very important

00:52:53.440 --> 00:52:58.440
because if there are a
lot of place like this,

00:52:59.190 --> 00:53:01.773
this is the hope of the future.

00:53:02.654 --> 00:53:07.154
[energetic flute and accordion music]

00:53:17.470 --> 00:53:19.870
- So, what I find really
exciting about David\'s work

00:53:19.870 --> 00:53:24.070
is that it\'s the most
compelling yet realistic vision

00:53:24.070 --> 00:53:25.420
of the future that I\'ve come across.

00:53:25.420 --> 00:53:27.330
It doesn\'t ignore all the things

00:53:27.330 --> 00:53:28.400
that are going wrong in the world.

00:53:28.400 --> 00:53:30.680
It uses what I call \"dark optimism.\"

00:53:30.680 --> 00:53:32.870
It\'s acknowledging the beauty

00:53:32.870 --> 00:53:34.310
of the kind of world we could create,

00:53:34.310 --> 00:53:37.683
but also acknowledging how far
we are from doing that today.

00:53:38.540 --> 00:53:41.047
And in some ways, it unifies
two groups of people--

00:53:41.047 --> 00:53:44.590
the people who see that
we\'re heading towards

00:53:44.590 --> 00:53:47.040
this climacteric, this collapse scenario,

00:53:47.040 --> 00:53:48.960
and are looking to prepare for that,

00:53:48.960 --> 00:53:51.147
but also people who are
looking at society as it is

00:53:51.147 --> 00:53:53.317
and just thinking, \"Well, could
it be made a bit more fair,

00:53:53.317 --> 00:53:55.120
a bit more sustainable?\"

00:53:55.120 --> 00:53:57.400
And David\'s vision really creates room

00:53:57.400 --> 00:53:58.850
for both of those perspectives

00:53:58.850 --> 00:54:01.120
and allows them to find common purpose

00:54:01.120 --> 00:54:03.380
in building a better future.

00:54:03.380 --> 00:54:06.470
- This is not some brilliant new idea.

00:54:06.470 --> 00:54:10.640
It\'s synthesizing old ones in a new way

00:54:10.640 --> 00:54:13.600
because we have to usher in a new time.

00:54:13.600 --> 00:54:15.880
It\'s coming regardless--
a new time is coming,

00:54:15.880 --> 00:54:19.620
and it\'s gonna look a lot
like a lotta old times.

00:54:19.620 --> 00:54:20.870
But we aren\'t back there.

00:54:20.870 --> 00:54:23.280
This is not romanticizing the past.

00:54:23.280 --> 00:54:26.530
This is trying to think about a future

00:54:26.530 --> 00:54:29.000
that we can romanticize a little bit,

00:54:29.000 --> 00:54:31.210
but actually is very
functional and very real

00:54:31.210 --> 00:54:32.350
and makes a lot of sense.

00:54:32.350 --> 00:54:34.440
You\'re not reading it going,
\"Oh that could never happen.\"

00:54:34.440 --> 00:54:37.691
You\'re going, \"Wow, how
can we make this happen?\"

00:54:37.691 --> 00:54:41.306
[uplifting acoustic guitar music]

00:54:41.306 --> 00:54:43.940
♪ You and me ♪

00:54:43.940 --> 00:54:45.960
- If you\'ve watched this
film and you\'ve enjoyed it

00:54:45.960 --> 00:54:47.970
and you\'re inspired by some of the ideas,

00:54:47.970 --> 00:54:49.260
I think, have a look around.

00:54:49.260 --> 00:54:51.100
Is there anything already
happening around you

00:54:51.100 --> 00:54:52.870
that you could get involved with?

00:54:52.870 --> 00:54:54.880
If there is, go along and
see what they\'re doing

00:54:54.880 --> 00:54:55.790
and get involved.

00:54:55.790 --> 00:54:58.320
If there isn\'t, maybe start something.

00:54:58.320 --> 00:55:00.550
Identify five or 10 people that you know

00:55:00.550 --> 00:55:01.500
who might be interested.

00:55:01.500 --> 00:55:05.470
Show a film, this film
possibly, to inspire people.

00:55:05.470 --> 00:55:07.067
And then have the invitation,

00:55:07.067 --> 00:55:10.420
\"Let\'s meet up and see
what we might like to do.\"

00:55:10.420 --> 00:55:12.727
For me, taking that step into saying,

00:55:12.727 --> 00:55:16.510
\"Okay, I need to do
something, however small,\"

00:55:16.510 --> 00:55:19.000
there\'s so much power in that moment,

00:55:19.000 --> 00:55:20.150
in deciding to do that.

00:55:24.801 --> 00:55:25.870
- I think the one thing you could do

00:55:25.870 --> 00:55:27.510
is to fall in love with the Earth.

00:55:27.510 --> 00:55:32.170
Just go out and encounter
nature in a deep way.

00:55:32.170 --> 00:55:34.680
Simply fall in love with nature.

00:55:34.680 --> 00:55:36.830
That\'s the most important
thing you can do.

00:55:39.900 --> 00:55:41.310
- The one thing I think we can do

00:55:41.310 --> 00:55:43.620
is to realize we\'re not just consumers.

00:55:43.620 --> 00:55:45.360
We are members of a household.

00:55:45.360 --> 00:55:47.857
So, we could each of us
go home and ask ourselves,

00:55:47.857 --> 00:55:49.657
\"What\'s the division of
labor in this household

00:55:49.657 --> 00:55:50.817
and is it fair?

00:55:50.817 --> 00:55:53.597
How are resources flowing
into this household,

00:55:53.597 --> 00:55:56.157
and how are we letting waste
go out of this household?\"

00:55:56.157 --> 00:55:57.297
Are we enabling ourselves

00:55:57.297 --> 00:55:59.827
to be part of a regenerative
economy with that throughflow?

00:55:59.827 --> 00:56:01.327
Where does the electricity and energy

00:56:01.327 --> 00:56:02.417
for this household come from,

00:56:02.417 --> 00:56:04.320
and can we can we transform that?\"

00:56:04.320 --> 00:56:07.627
But also, \"Who am I in
relation to the commons?

00:56:07.627 --> 00:56:09.697
Where do I collaborate
in my local community?

00:56:09.697 --> 00:56:11.147
What am I doing to be part of that?

00:56:11.147 --> 00:56:12.997
Am I helping grow that?

00:56:12.997 --> 00:56:15.717
Who am I in relation to
the state, as a citizen,

00:56:15.717 --> 00:56:17.217
not just in voting in elections,

00:56:17.217 --> 00:56:19.847
but actually in working in local politics

00:56:19.847 --> 00:56:22.567
and again building back
that local community?

00:56:22.567 --> 00:56:24.167
Who am I as a neighbor?

00:56:24.167 --> 00:56:26.937
Who am I in terms of
how I invest my money,

00:56:26.937 --> 00:56:31.720
how I divest my money, how
I protest, how I volunteer?\"

00:56:31.720 --> 00:56:34.910
So, there\'s so many different
ways in which all of us

00:56:34.910 --> 00:56:37.120
actually have huge influence

00:56:37.120 --> 00:56:39.560
in the networks of which we\'re a part,

00:56:39.560 --> 00:56:41.270
bringing awareness of that,

00:56:41.270 --> 00:56:44.050
that we can all be transformative
of those around us.

00:56:44.050 --> 00:56:46.140
And like any form of transformation,

00:56:46.140 --> 00:56:48.963
it happens bit by bit through a network.

00:56:54.633 --> 00:56:56.390
- I think it\'s important to find something

00:56:56.390 --> 00:56:58.633
that you\'re passionate about.

00:57:00.200 --> 00:57:03.220
You don\'t have to tackle
everything, but do find something

00:57:03.220 --> 00:57:05.290
which you\'ve got a real enthusiasm for,

00:57:05.290 --> 00:57:09.630
like trying to live without
single-use plastics.

00:57:09.630 --> 00:57:14.200
Think about doing it, do it,

00:57:14.200 --> 00:57:16.970
and think about what the implications are

00:57:16.970 --> 00:57:20.470
further up the chain and
further down the chain from you.

00:57:20.470 --> 00:57:22.040
And then you can start making decisions

00:57:22.040 --> 00:57:25.050
about how you can
actually influence policy

00:57:25.050 --> 00:57:27.063
or the other decision-makers.

00:57:31.979 --> 00:57:34.307
- It never ceases to amaze
me that someone says,

00:57:34.307 --> 00:57:37.007
\"But, [sighing] it\'s all so controversial,

00:57:37.007 --> 00:57:38.727
all this kinda stuff about
what I should be eating,

00:57:38.727 --> 00:57:40.277
what I shouldn\'t be eating, and so on.

00:57:40.277 --> 00:57:43.117
And I just don\'t know who to listen to,

00:57:43.117 --> 00:57:46.020
and it\'s so contradictory.\"

00:57:46.020 --> 00:57:48.407
And you say, \"Okay, so is
there one thing you think,

00:57:48.407 --> 00:57:49.587
you think, would make a difference?

00:57:49.587 --> 00:57:52.300
Is there one thing you think
would make a difference?\"

00:57:52.300 --> 00:57:53.347
And, of course, instantly they say,

00:57:53.347 --> 00:57:54.740
\"Oh, I know I should be eating less meat.\"

00:57:54.740 --> 00:57:56.977
I say, \"Okay, you know you
should be eating less meat.

00:57:56.977 --> 00:57:59.267
Eat less bloody meat!\"

00:58:03.040 --> 00:58:05.220
- I think if David were alive today,

00:58:05.220 --> 00:58:10.220
he\'d be very surprised
to see how many tiny,

00:58:10.580 --> 00:58:14.280
but literally millions of initiatives

00:58:14.280 --> 00:58:18.140
are starting to implement
exactly what he described,

00:58:18.140 --> 00:58:19.303
what he dreamed of.

00:58:52.350 --> 00:58:54.560
- I have about five more sentences.

00:58:54.560 --> 00:58:56.951
Would you like to hear
my last five sentences,

00:58:56.951 --> 00:58:58.492
ladies and gentlemen?
[audience affirming]

00:58:58.492 --> 00:59:00.980
I hope I\'ve explained to you why,

00:59:00.980 --> 00:59:05.350
if we\'re going to join
together and make a future,

00:59:05.350 --> 00:59:07.130
it is the bit that\'s been forgotten about,

00:59:07.130 --> 00:59:10.693
it is the culture that comes first.

00:59:11.740 --> 00:59:16.740
Indeed, we do have to find
ways of swapping vegetables

00:59:16.880 --> 00:59:20.130
and developing renewable energy systems,

00:59:20.130 --> 00:59:22.690
and doing such very difficult things

00:59:22.690 --> 00:59:25.370
and making ourselves self-sufficient.

00:59:25.370 --> 00:59:27.700
And those things are very difficult

00:59:27.700 --> 00:59:29.523
and absolutely essential.

00:59:29.523 --> 00:59:31.950
They\'re non-negotiable,

00:59:31.950 --> 00:59:33.800
and thank goodness we are doing them.

00:59:35.440 --> 00:59:37.360
But that\'s not what it\'s about.

00:59:37.360 --> 00:59:40.170
What it\'s really about is starting now

00:59:41.460 --> 00:59:46.460
to build localities that
ring with creative vitality

00:59:47.020 --> 00:59:48.688
and which we can call home.

00:59:48.688 --> 00:59:49.521
Thank you.

00:59:49.521 --> 00:59:52.250
[audience applauding]

00:59:52.250 --> 00:59:56.417
[uplifting acoustic guitar music]

Main content

The Sequel

Citation

Main credits

Other credits

Docuseek subjects

Distributor subjects

Keywords