WEBVTT

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Life today moves so fast it\'s
hard to make sense of the dog.

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The world seems fractured
full of contradictions.

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We need to know what

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holds our world together.

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Rediscovered this sacred elements.

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Our life depends on.

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I started my search with water.

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Looking for guidance on the
banks of the River Ganges.

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The people here believe this
water is a gift from the gods.

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Right.

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Temples line the banks of the Ganges
and Varanasi India\'s holiest city.

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I came here to meet the head of one
of the city\'s largest templates.

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His name is veer Bud Mishra.

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He\'s a renowned spiritual
leader and I was a bit nervous.

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And Keith. So glad to meet you.

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And God bless He was a long day but he
quickly made me welcome. Thank you.

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He\'s a man who spends two worlds.

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This feeds from the Temple of care.

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They can last for 150 grange

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As well as a holy man he\'s a doctor of
hydrology process my first time to see

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the Ganges River for

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Hindus around the world he told me the
river Ganga as they call it is a god.

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And that he would which has
been brought from heavens.

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He considered a though as
infinite the Divine the allies

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who won the goddess. The mother

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She supposed to life of 400
million people living in a way.

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I don\'t think there is any
other legal system in

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the world which has such
a big responsibility.

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For a 100 million lives no
wonder it\'s considered divine.

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Girl Nye is that which goes flows forever.

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That is the literal meaning of Ganga.

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And that is what life is for us.

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The life should have flow.

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It should be filling all the time

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And this could be said
that wanted his life.

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Water is life.

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You can see it right here.

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Millions of pilgrims come to Varanasi every
year to celebrate the power of water.

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The relationship between people
and their world is never simple.

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Shear numbers mean that the people who
worship they go energies also contaminated.

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Every year the festival
of NEG Natalia Leila

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dramatizes the conflict reenacting a
story from the Hindu sacred scriptures.

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The festival is organized by Dr.
Mitra\'s temple.

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As the story tells it that

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God Lord Krishna has discovered
that the river has been poisoned.

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He jumps into the water.

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Krishna discovers the serpent God
CALEA hidden under a water living.

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He wrestles with CALEA and wins.

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Then he writes this Nate home in triumph.

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As Dr. Mishra told me gods and humans
alike know that water is sacred.

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When we honor water we honor
ourselves and the rest of life.

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The world He sees is a single entity.

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Mountains the leavers

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Blondes human beings other forms of life.

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I would say elements of one metrics
and not have input relationship.

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We\'re all elements of one
matrix and water. Is it

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without water the world\'s
a desert and so are

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we that\'s the Hoover dam

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on the Colorado River
and its reservoir lake

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me a water system that
supports 18 million people.

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Out of this piece of engineering
came another Las Vegas.

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And the entire city exists in a
desert because of Lake Mead.

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It makes you realize the whole
world is built on water.

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So what do you think that\'s kind of
exciting for you I brought my grandson

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tumble along to help me see the water at the
heart of this technological fantasy writer.

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That looks just like the Eiffel Tower
except of course it\'s a miniature.

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There\'s a desert passage that\'s as close to

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reality as you can get
there where here desert.

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But look it looks like it\'s bubbling is
something going to happen over the. Air goes.

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The fountain was a good
preparation for the show.

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We went to see a performance
by the Cirque du Soleil.

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It\'s a kind of water ballet celebrating
the element and our relationship with it.

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It reminded me a little of
the festival and the Ganges

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And the

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strange images

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that somehow evoked the
beauty and mystery of

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what what is this substance we
depend on every day of our lives.

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That\'s what we came to Las Vegas to learn
the science behind the magic of work.

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The next morning

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Tableau and I went out on Lake
Mead with Richard sake alley a

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chemist from the University of California
at Berkeley who\'s studying water.

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He talked to us about how much
we take the stuff for granted.

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My mother still can\'t understand why I
want to spend my life studying water

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while other people are curing
cancer and discovering

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new drugs and inventing
new kinds of computers.

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And her son is studying water.

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And I think that just reflects this idea
that water is so familiar to everybody.

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They can\'t believe that
there\'s something about it.

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We don\'t know.

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The truth is he told us.

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We don\'t know the basics

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. Here we are looking at

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about 45 trillion liters of something
that\'s crucial to life on earth.

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Yet it\'s still pretty much a mystery to us.

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How does water which covers 70% of our
planet interact with biological systems

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the geology of the earth the atmosphere how
water influences the nature of life on Earth.

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That\'s the big picture in
my opinion which we are

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not able to understand completely because
we don\'t understand the pure substance.

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And that\'s what we\'re focusing on.

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Richard say Kelly is studying
the basic structure of water.

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Trying to understand its drains power.

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I think the greatest mystery of water
is the nature of the substance itself.

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It has 15 different

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of solid. There may be two
different types of liquid water.

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This is amazing behavior that no
other substance known exhibits.

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The water molecule shapes the world we know

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H2O to small atoms of hydrogen
attached to one large atom of oxygen.

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It\'s like a tiny powerful
magnet attracting and holding

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other water molecules in a powerful
grip called The hydrogen bond.

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Each water molecule in a liquid
or a solid is interacting with

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four other water molecules and
interacting rather strongly.

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So this creates

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Networks of hydrogen bonds and it\'s

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that particular quirk for strong bonds
that give rise to the properties of water.

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All the properties of water
that make it so unusual

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follow directly from this
strong hydrogen bonding.

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Quite interesting.

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The bond is strong but
unbelievably fleeting.

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A molecule changes partners
many billion times a second.

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This is what holds the world together. It

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Planets water stays liquid on
its surface absorbing heat.

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Moderating global temperatures.

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The dance of the water molecule
keeps the planet in one piece.

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Understanding nature as
the ultimate goal of

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science and water is a
very big part of nature.

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And if we can understand all of its
properties and all of its interactions.

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We will have done something very beautiful.

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Water is life.

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Dr. Mishra told me Richard say
Kelly agrees. This is how

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it tells the story.

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In the beginning God created
the heavens and the earth.

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The earth was without form and void.

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And darkness was upon the face of the deep.

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And the spirit of God was moving
over the face of the waters.

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And God said let the waters bring
forth swarms of living creatures.

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Myth and science converge.

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Water is the womb of life.

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A place like this may have been
life\'s nursery 4 billion years ago.

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Volcanic vents on the ocean floor
tapped into Earth\'s inner fire.

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Colonies of extraordinary lifeforms
surround the hydrothermal vents.

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There are bacteria here that
thrive in boiling water.

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Some scientists believe life
developed in this crucial mix

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Water and heat protected in the deep
ocean from the deadly rays of the sun.

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I went to South Africa to explore
another hypothesis with Tullis Onstott.

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A Princeton GO microbiologist.

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Who\'s doing remarkable work.

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He\'s looking for the origins of
life at the bottom of a gold life.

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East Dry Farm tape is one of the deepest

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The world 10 thousand miners
descend to the deaths every day.

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I joined tell us and his research team at

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Chef number five which is
three kilometers deep.

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When the cage goes down
full at shift time they\'re

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absolutely jagged and like
sardines and it\'s two miles down.

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I was terrified really because
I didn\'t know about myself.

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I didn\'t know myself well it.

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Well I certainly feel the heat coming out now
one let it be at the bottom of the shaft.

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But try to keep it a 32s.

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Iraq temperature at different stories
about 50 degrees centigrade.

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I was scared at the thought of
being confined in a tiny space.

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It\'s three kilometers down and
it\'s a journey back in time

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He told his homes defined
life forms like those.

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At first appeared on earth
billions of years ago.

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I get to the bottom and I\'m astounded
that the size of the caverns down there.

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I mean it\'s a very
impressive place in terms of

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the scale and the sheer technology
you realize that the noise coming

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in is the noise of the
fans that have to exchange

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a huge amount of air to keep
everyone down there alive.

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We\'re here because of the drilling team
at the rock face has run into water.

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And the search for life.

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We always are looking for liquid water

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It does appear to be the key.

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They penetrated with a drill bit.

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We move in as quickly as we can and

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obtain samples which are free
of drilling contamination.

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So when did you find out about this
place tell us we are caused by

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the mining company when they drill and hit

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this intersection boy looks
hot and it fails on.

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Temperature is a 100 degrees Centigrade
and it may in fact be populated by

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hyperthermophiles that are able
to maintain their integrity.

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Their tenacious enough to do
that with growth rates that are

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phenomenally slower than anything that\'s
encountered in deep-sea environments.

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Some of these organisms
told us told me grow so

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slowly they may only reproduce
once in a 1000 years.

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What is this going to tell me there\'s

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913 Oh wow so it\'s alkaline
Yeah that\'s exactly right.

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Or center or alkaline

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Mirror is not quite as say Lima seawater.

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So what\'s Duan doing here tell us going as

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filtering this pressure water in
a sterile anaerobic canister.

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And when we returned to the surface
we don\'t filter those water samples.

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So that any bacteria that contain DNA
and lipids preserved on the filter.

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We then freeze that down and

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that information will tell us the
phylogenetic relationships of

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these organisms to their sisters or cousins
that exist on the surface of planet.

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Tell us told me almost nothing is known about
these mysterious microbes from the deep.

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When you have microbial communities
at such enormous depths are

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they essentially autonomous down
there there are indigenous to

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that strategy and they can exist
for millions and millions of years

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the ice ages combed the eyes anxious go
the meteorites impact and kill dinosaurs.

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You know the mammals takeover.

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But these guys never see
any of that action at all.

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They\'re just happily doing their business
down there very very slowly evolving in

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all microbiologists Duan Moser

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prepares the samples in the field lab
for shipping back to the States.

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He may be handling organisms that are close
kin to some of Earth\'s earliest inhabitants.

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Some of these organisms

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resemble the type of organisms had had
been found on the surface of the planet.

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Some of these organisms actually resemble
deep-sea hydrothermal vent organisms.

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And most of them are
totally new to science.

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It\'s a whole new world but as told us
explained it comes from the distance.

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There are a larger number of
DNA signatures that we find

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that don\'t closely correlate with anything
that\'s ever been found on the surface.

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So here we\'re standing essentially
with new branches to the tree

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of life some of them
that are quite distinct

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from anything that\'s ever
been discovered before.

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Tells us calculate there\'s more biomass
below ground than there is on the surface.

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It\'s amazing where on earth does life em

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when climbed out of the
ocean water was still

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the crucial element I went to Australia
to learn this part of the story.

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Shark Bay on Australia\'s west coast is one
of the strangest places I\'ve ever visited.

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These rocks were actually built by the
bacteria that made life on land possible

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I met Malcolm Walter here.

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He directs the Australian Centre for

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Astrobiology at Macquarie
University in New South Wales.

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Chalk vi is a special place because
it\'s a sort of a bacterial have him.

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It\'s a mecca for for many sorts of solders
particularly geologists and marker

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biologists because we can come here and really
visualize the way that you refuse to work.

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This is a Ru window on the
world as it used to be

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three to 4 billion years ago 4 billion
years ago Malcom Walter told me.

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This wasn\'t the blue planet.

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It was brown

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The atmosphere was pink with carbon.

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The water Brown with iron.

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Sunlight was lethal flooding the
earth with deadly ultraviolet rays.

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Then bacteria evolved they could capture
sunlight and use it as a source of energy.

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They started photosynthesis.

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They\'re called cyanobacteria
and they transform the Earth.

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The cyanobacteria were
the first photosynthetic

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Bacteria that released oxygen from water
so they took their energy from sunlight.

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And in doing so they styled or processes

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that broke the water molecules
releasing the oxygen.

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And that was a process that fundamentally
changed the chemistry of the earth.

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The world went from being what
we call an anaerobic world or an

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oxygen free world into one that was
saturated with oxygen lockout present well.

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Building up over the millennia.

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Oxygen termed the sky blue and
rested the Iron in the water.

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So it fell to the bottom

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Oxygen formed an ozone layer that
block the sun\'s ultraviolet rays.

00:25:27.695 --> 00:25:31.140
So life could move safely. Our dilemma.

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As part of the process cyanobacteria
built these boulders Malcolm Walter

00:25:39.620 --> 00:25:43.009
explained there called stromatolites

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stomatopod who\'s a geological
word for this sort of rock.

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It just means layered rock in Latin.

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So there are successive layers
growing on top of each other.

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And then the reason for that is that the sand
gets washed onto the top of the microbes.

00:25:58.175 --> 00:26:02.374
And they did lot to move their
photosynthetic sand block salon.

00:26:02.375 --> 00:26:04.294
So they have to move up or

00:26:04.295 --> 00:26:07.219
grow up through the sand and in
doing that they make a new layer.

00:26:07.220 --> 00:26:09.574
More sand comes on more microbes.

00:26:09.575 --> 00:26:12.109
Live my life as I build
up the instructions and I

00:26:12.110 --> 00:26:14.599
get higher and hot so they\'re
reaching up to the sun.

00:26:14.600 --> 00:26:15.919
They are reaching up to the sun.

00:26:15.920 --> 00:26:20.490
Yeah that\'s what they need for
their source of energy for growth.

00:26:21.970 --> 00:26:27.289
For a few billion years
cyanobacteria have been building

00:26:27.290 --> 00:26:33.349
boulders and making maps layered
communities of many different bacteria.

00:26:33.350 --> 00:26:38.449
They were right there beneath
our feet on Earth look

00:26:38.450 --> 00:26:40.609
like this for two to 3 billion years for

00:26:40.610 --> 00:26:43.879
most of the time that life
existed Exactly exactly

00:26:43.880 --> 00:26:46.459
You\'re swimming in an ocean
2 billion years ago.

00:26:46.460 --> 00:26:48.214
This is exactly what you would have saved.

00:26:48.215 --> 00:26:52.759
And there\'s still very abundant they
particularly abundant hearing chalk Bay.

00:26:52.760 --> 00:26:59.130
But these sorts of microbes occur
around the world. This is life.

00:26:59.380 --> 00:27:02.374
And this is what life did.

00:27:02.375 --> 00:27:06.289
It made an atmosphere for
itself out of sunlight

00:27:06.290 --> 00:27:10.980
and water then it spread across the planet.

00:27:25.570 --> 00:27:32.790
It has made the same journey
born out of water into air.

00:27:36.070 --> 00:27:40.804
Like all other living
things were mostly water.

00:27:40.805 --> 00:27:43.429
We carry our own notion within us

00:27:43.430 --> 00:27:45.630
all lifelong.

00:28:04.840 --> 00:28:07.380
O degrees.

00:28:15.390 --> 00:28:18.699
The baby takes his first breath.

00:28:18.700 --> 00:28:23.600
He enters his new element as it enters him.

00:28:29.460 --> 00:28:35.690
Just from now on he is
air as well as water.

00:28:38.640 --> 00:28:43.239
He\'s sharing the air with his
family and with the world

00:28:43.240 --> 00:28:51.240
beyond the atmosphere
that passes through him

00:28:51.310 --> 00:28:55.809
Connects him to every breathing
thing that has lived on Earth.

00:28:55.810 --> 00:28:59.510
Since life first made the air we breathe.

00:29:07.800 --> 00:29:15.174
Moving around the earth air and
water keep the planet fit for life.

00:29:15.175 --> 00:29:23.175
And life I discovered keeps this cycle
going flying into the Amazon Basin.

00:29:24.865 --> 00:29:30.050
You see air water and
forest mix and mingle.

00:29:30.690 --> 00:29:33.674
It\'s hard to tell where one ends

00:29:33.675 --> 00:29:36.919
And the next begins add

00:29:36.920 --> 00:29:42.360
tropical heat and you get one of
the most dynamic places on Earth.

00:29:53.320 --> 00:30:00.199
And enormous international research effort
is underway in the Amazon rainforest.

00:30:00.200 --> 00:30:04.609
The large-scale biosphere
atmosphere project is led by

00:30:04.610 --> 00:30:09.934
Brazil with participation from nasa
and other international partners.

00:30:09.935 --> 00:30:15.139
The place is teeming with scientists
studying the complex interplay

00:30:15.140 --> 00:30:18.240
Between the forest and this guy.

00:30:24.310 --> 00:30:28.054
Michael killer from the
University of New Hampshire

00:30:28.055 --> 00:30:31.230
is a leading scientist in the project.

00:30:32.500 --> 00:30:37.219
He began my education by
giving me an overview

00:30:37.220 --> 00:30:45.220
of what we were

00:30:47.000 --> 00:30:51.274
really above the canopy here my cohort
above all of it how high are we

00:30:51.275 --> 00:30:57.930
about 45 meters or that\'s about as
tall as 13 story building mammoth. Hi.

00:31:00.460 --> 00:31:04.819
Why is there such an American interest
in the Amazon what\'s special about

00:31:04.820 --> 00:31:11.509
the Amazon Amazon\'s largest extent
of tropical forest on Earth.

00:31:11.510 --> 00:31:17.044
And as a result it\'s an important
heat engine for the atmosphere.

00:31:17.045 --> 00:31:20.434
There\'s huge amounts of water
cycling through this forest.

00:31:20.435 --> 00:31:23.509
And we want to understand
how the atmosphere works

00:31:23.510 --> 00:31:26.469
I think just like everybody
else on our planet does not

00:31:26.470 --> 00:31:30.199
are the implications of what goes
on here relevant to say people in

00:31:30.200 --> 00:31:34.579
Canada or Europe they\'re
relevant to people everywhere.

00:31:34.580 --> 00:31:39.694
The more we study our world the more we
understand that it\'s all interrelated.

00:31:39.695 --> 00:31:44.269
And we can understand the
weather and Canada and in

00:31:44.270 --> 00:31:46.879
Europe without understanding the cycling

00:31:46.880 --> 00:31:50.520
of energy and water right
here in the Amazon forest.

00:31:54.010 --> 00:32:00.394
Each morning Michael Keller explained as
this sudden rises over the rainforest.

00:32:00.395 --> 00:32:05.670
A transformation begins that
keeps the planet alive.

00:32:07.900 --> 00:32:13.954
Trees have leaves leaves
have little stomata in them.

00:32:13.955 --> 00:32:16.459
That\'s tomato are basically
little holes that

00:32:16.460 --> 00:32:21.919
that carbon dioxide at forums all
of us and other organic matter

00:32:21.920 --> 00:32:26.119
Is soaked up through and
then turned into sugars and

00:32:26.120 --> 00:32:30.739
more complex compounds when that
happens water\'s leaking out.

00:32:30.740 --> 00:32:37.470
So here this interface is where that big
atmospheric heat engine is happening.

00:32:38.860 --> 00:32:43.669
The energy of the sun is
being used essentially to

00:32:43.670 --> 00:32:47.824
boil water and evaporated
out of the leaves.

00:32:47.825 --> 00:32:54.180
And then it\'s going up into the atmosphere
in vapor and being condensed into clouds

00:33:07.240 --> 00:33:10.354
It\'s an amazing idea.

00:33:10.355 --> 00:33:13.969
The forest is actually raining upwards

00:33:13.970 --> 00:33:18.960
thrusting water into the air
in incredible quantities.

00:33:20.170 --> 00:33:26.839
A tree this size could
probably pump up 700 tons of

00:33:26.840 --> 00:33:33.780
water over the course of a year bringing
it up from the soil out into the canopy

00:33:45.580 --> 00:33:53.119
Ranging up from the canopy and the water
flows West in rivers across the sky.

00:33:53.120 --> 00:34:00.540
It falls and rises many times before
hitting the high barrier of the MDs.

00:34:10.510 --> 00:34:18.510
Air water and life I learned more about their
vital interaction on a sweltering beach

00:34:20.000 --> 00:34:22.414
beside the Amazon River.

00:34:22.415 --> 00:34:28.099
Boy sport with a Guatemalan three clouds.

00:34:28.100 --> 00:34:33.169
And there was there with one of Brazil\'s
foremost meteorologists Maria soon.

00:34:33.170 --> 00:34:39.330
So silver ds she sends instruments
aloft to study clouds.

00:34:42.250 --> 00:34:46.579
So what is this balloon
going to shop well there\'s

00:34:46.580 --> 00:34:50.899
one will larger balloon and
flow carrier rate a song.

00:34:50.900 --> 00:34:56.029
And the radius song will
transmit to our receiver.

00:34:56.030 --> 00:35:02.359
By radio data on temperature moisture

00:35:02.360 --> 00:35:10.360
pressure. And we Omaha this song has a GPS.

00:35:12.545 --> 00:35:17.269
It will locate that satellite and give
us the position of the sun and from

00:35:17.270 --> 00:35:22.159
that solution even if the song gases inside
the cloud even if it gets very far away.

00:35:22.160 --> 00:35:23.914
You always know what it is.

00:35:23.915 --> 00:35:27.120
And from the position we get the wheat.

00:35:27.700 --> 00:35:35.700
That\'s fast. Birds must be
wondering what\'s going on.

00:35:39.700 --> 00:35:43.369
Tracking clouds over the rainforest.

00:35:43.370 --> 00:35:48.334
Maria has discovered they\'re
more like clouds over the ocean.

00:35:48.335 --> 00:35:52.609
They\'re volatile building fast raining out.

00:35:52.610 --> 00:35:54.394
Building again.

00:35:54.395 --> 00:35:59.089
The forest she says is like a green ocean.

00:35:59.090 --> 00:36:04.410
When the water here heats up
it affects the whole world.

00:36:05.590 --> 00:36:11.734
During the summer the wet season when
you have all these clouds and rainfall.

00:36:11.735 --> 00:36:15.574
Basically what you\'re doing
is heating the atmosphere.

00:36:15.575 --> 00:36:18.094
And this gate is like

00:36:18.095 --> 00:36:23.794
you throw a stone in the water and you
get all these waves that go far away.

00:36:23.795 --> 00:36:28.009
The truck coherent source with all his
train it\'s like throwing a stone in

00:36:28.010 --> 00:36:33.109
the atmosphere and sends waves
that go around the globe.

00:36:33.110 --> 00:36:41.110
So this is something that in fact is not only
the region but larger much larger domain.

00:36:55.180 --> 00:37:00.319
Clouds have no respect for human
boundaries. Not to mention that

00:37:00.320 --> 00:37:02.550
That regulation.

00:37:03.940 --> 00:37:11.040
What I send off here in the Amazon
could end up anywhere on Earth.

00:37:34.030 --> 00:37:42.030
Jasper National Park a beautiful wilderness
along the spine of the Canadian Rockies

00:37:43.540 --> 00:37:50.820
I flew in to meet ecologists David
Schindler from the University of Alberta.

00:37:50.830 --> 00:37:57.109
He\'s studying what the atmosphere has
brought here over the past half century.

00:37:57.110 --> 00:38:03.199
So how could you find that out well
we chose to go to the highest point.

00:38:03.200 --> 00:38:06.304
Snow Dome just behind this ridge.

00:38:06.305 --> 00:38:09.784
Or we\'d get the best record beliefs melt.

00:38:09.785 --> 00:38:12.420
And man to go back.

00:38:13.180 --> 00:38:21.180
Chiseling back in annual
layers back to about 1940

00:38:26.740 --> 00:38:29.659
The work began when fish in

00:38:29.660 --> 00:38:35.704
a pristine Mountain Lake were found to
have high levels of industrial toxins.

00:38:35.705 --> 00:38:41.239
David Schindler and scientists from
Environment Canada wanted to find out how

00:38:41.240 --> 00:38:47.584
the contamination got their
mountain lakes are fed by glaciers.

00:38:47.585 --> 00:38:49.279
Over several years.

00:38:49.280 --> 00:38:53.584
Researchers have climbed the
glaciers to sample the ice.

00:38:53.585 --> 00:38:56.749
David Schindler told me they found

00:38:56.750 --> 00:39:02.314
pesticides industrial poisons
even radioactive isotopes.

00:39:02.315 --> 00:39:06.049
They\'re studying how they were deposited

00:39:06.050 --> 00:39:13.054
A scientific standpoint it\'s just a
nice mystery story to try and solve.

00:39:13.055 --> 00:39:19.429
There\'s so many different elements that
affect the deposition of these things there

00:39:19.430 --> 00:39:24.289
their volatility the air temperature
whether it\'s precipitating or not whether

00:39:24.290 --> 00:39:30.450
they\'re glaciers involved altogether it\'s
just a nice puzzle to dry it unravel.

00:39:47.410 --> 00:39:49.969
Kind of gate here

00:39:49.970 --> 00:39:54.559
The equipment is set up at the
top of the glacier or above

00:39:54.560 --> 00:40:02.560
a crevasse branched off

00:40:02.690 --> 00:40:05.419
here and the researchers
descend the face to

00:40:05.420 --> 00:40:10.009
sample layers of ice laid
down year after year.

00:40:10.010 --> 00:40:17.209
So we have a glaciologist who works with a
group who goes down the face first and marks.

00:40:17.210 --> 00:40:24.979
The individual years men are sampling group
just goes down and takes a sample of the ice.

00:40:24.980 --> 00:40:31.474
For each stratum they chisel away the face
because that\'s in contact with the atmosphere

00:40:31.475 --> 00:40:34.914
Could be contaminated
by today\'s atmosphere.

00:40:34.915 --> 00:40:38.649
So they go in several tens
of centimeters and then take

00:40:38.650 --> 00:40:43.299
samples of up to 40 liters of ice which

00:40:43.300 --> 00:40:47.259
was deposited in that particular
year and just tiring up

00:40:47.260 --> 00:40:51.894
here in Paris where it\'s
almost 3 thousand meters.

00:40:51.895 --> 00:40:54.189
Okay guys haul it up.

00:40:54.190 --> 00:40:57.849
You might need to people when
we studied the chemistry of

00:40:57.850 --> 00:41:03.039
the snow and the ice and the
glaciers we find a real soup of

00:41:03.040 --> 00:41:07.554
contaminants in concentrations
that at high elevation are

00:41:07.555 --> 00:41:13.889
surprisingly high well most of
these pesticides or PCBs and other

00:41:13.890 --> 00:41:19.204
Persistent organic pollutants
originate in more southerly regions.

00:41:19.205 --> 00:41:23.989
They\'re carried here in air
masses moving round the globe.

00:41:23.990 --> 00:41:30.334
The scientists believed they condense When
they meet a colder atmosphere or a glacier.

00:41:30.335 --> 00:41:35.070
It\'s a process they call cold condensation.

00:41:38.830 --> 00:41:44.914
As the glaciers melt the contaminants
flow out into the watershed.

00:41:44.915 --> 00:41:48.810
And there they move into the food chain

00:41:56.850 --> 00:42:04.850
That\'s how the fish in these clear cold waters
absorbed high levels of industrial toxins.

00:42:08.760 --> 00:42:13.839
So why does it end up in such high
concentrations in the fish but once it

00:42:13.840 --> 00:42:18.429
gets in the lake it goes into
small crustaceans and they\'re

00:42:18.430 --> 00:42:24.249
eaten by small trout and the small
trout by big lake trout to at

00:42:24.250 --> 00:42:27.489
each step that\'s magnified
at least ten times

00:42:27.490 --> 00:42:30.909
so that there\'s a pretty good
burden and the big lake trout.

00:42:30.910 --> 00:42:33.320
By the time it gets there.

00:42:36.810 --> 00:42:39.344
What does that tell us

00:42:39.345 --> 00:42:44.989
our studies show us I think it should tell
all of us that actions in one part of

00:42:44.990 --> 00:42:47.959
the planet via this interconnection with

00:42:47.960 --> 00:42:51.709
the atmospheric is likely to have
consequences for other regions.

00:42:51.710 --> 00:42:56.269
So I think we all have to
act together to control

00:42:56.270 --> 00:43:02.190
the contamination of this mutual
atmosphere that we share.

00:43:03.400 --> 00:43:07.969
The atmosphere is a single entity moving

00:43:07.970 --> 00:43:12.540
around the world and through
every living thing on Earth

00:43:34.270 --> 00:43:42.060
In Varanasi I saw people acknowledge
water supreme creative power.

00:43:43.270 --> 00:43:50.250
For developed Hindus a holy dip in
the river is the gateway to heaven.

00:43:57.310 --> 00:44:00.604
Dr. Mishra and his music teacher.

00:44:00.605 --> 00:44:03.754
Sang hymns in praise of mother gung does

00:44:03.755 --> 00:44:05.790
To life

00:44:17.170 --> 00:44:18.559
out on

00:44:18.560 --> 00:44:22.530
the river I saw the other
side of the story.

00:44:22.600 --> 00:44:27.454
Alongside the temples stand
the sewage treatment systems

00:44:27.455 --> 00:44:32.299
that pump this stone masonry and you.

00:44:32.300 --> 00:44:37.159
This is the one of the
main sewage bumps that are

00:44:37.160 --> 00:44:43.110
only five such sewage
bumps that are ideal lips

00:44:47.020 --> 00:44:52.564
Too few and much of the time not working.
He told me.

00:44:52.565 --> 00:44:56.689
Every day about 200 million liters of

00:44:56.690 --> 00:45:02.460
raw sewage are dumped into the
Ganges in Varanasi alone.

00:45:06.880 --> 00:45:12.180
That divine river is very dirty indeed.

00:45:19.300 --> 00:45:23.689
As spiritual leader and as scientist Dr.

00:45:23.690 --> 00:45:28.294
Mishra is deeply disturbed
by the state of mother Ganga

00:45:28.295 --> 00:45:33.244
I prayed and I should be able to be

00:45:33.245 --> 00:45:39.574
intimately connected and that
my mother and my whole life.

00:45:39.575 --> 00:45:45.394
And that means that I should
be able to go to touch.

00:45:45.395 --> 00:45:48.304
Take holy dip in headwaters.

00:45:48.305 --> 00:45:50.970
Half my players.

00:45:51.160 --> 00:45:56.719
This is you are converges for me.

00:45:56.720 --> 00:46:04.720
At the same time I am him scientists I
know what is happening to the river water.

00:46:05.510 --> 00:46:10.668
And at times

00:46:10.669 --> 00:46:14.989
both the things test appeared before me.

00:46:14.990 --> 00:46:17.539
Raw sewage floating on the river.

00:46:17.540 --> 00:46:21.660
Sometimes it breaks my heart.

00:46:23.560 --> 00:46:28.639
My respect to loving heart.

00:46:28.640 --> 00:46:35.704
And my scientifically
obtained mind both within me.

00:46:35.705 --> 00:46:40.804
And the interaction
between them is a kind of

00:46:40.805 --> 00:46:47.670
pinch suffering which I carry all the time.

00:46:49.060 --> 00:46:52.744
This is just the reality of

00:46:52.745 --> 00:46:55.290
Literally individually Live.

00:46:56.200 --> 00:46:59.689
It\'s the world in which we all live.

00:46:59.690 --> 00:47:07.690
So what should we do brave
person could person.

00:47:08.645 --> 00:47:11.899
He should fight with shrimps chugging.

00:47:11.900 --> 00:47:15.510
We\'ll see that the situation improves.

00:47:17.920 --> 00:47:21.424
Dr. Mishra is fighting hard.

00:47:21.425 --> 00:47:28.279
The river water is sampled regularly by
technicians from the socket mcon Foundation.

00:47:28.280 --> 00:47:34.949
It was set up by Dr. Mishra to try to
alleviate the pollution of the Ganges

00:47:35.940 --> 00:47:43.794
In some places they\'ve found the fecal
coliform count that\'s 300 thousand times.

00:47:43.795 --> 00:47:46.670
The acceptable level.

00:47:52.260 --> 00:47:58.449
Scientists at the Foundation have big
plans for cleaning up the Ganges.

00:47:58.450 --> 00:48:04.944
Proposing a natural sewage
treatment system using LGN ponds.

00:48:04.945 --> 00:48:08.829
Well they continue to push
for government commitment.

00:48:08.830 --> 00:48:11.739
They\'ve been campaigning
to solve the problems at

00:48:11.740 --> 00:48:17.294
their source to reconnect the
worlds of faith and action

00:48:17.295 --> 00:48:23.509
If I go to a very traditional gathering
and start saying that well Ganga

00:48:23.510 --> 00:48:29.479
is dirty egg analogy is fill the and
polluted people who\'s headed please Monday.

00:48:29.480 --> 00:48:34.594
You stop this. We are not
able to hear these words.

00:48:34.595 --> 00:48:42.595
But if I take the same people to one of
the sewage outfalls and show them that

00:48:42.890 --> 00:48:46.054
the whole surges being
thrown on the body of

00:48:46.055 --> 00:48:51.634
a mother and say that this is what we
are doing collectively in this city.

00:48:51.635 --> 00:48:54.334
The response is entirely different.

00:48:54.335 --> 00:48:56.974
Everybody says that No
this must not happen.

00:48:56.975 --> 00:48:59.280
We have to stop it

00:49:00.220 --> 00:49:02.629
The foundation is taking

00:49:02.630 --> 00:49:07.894
practical steps to improve the lives
of communities along the river.

00:49:07.895 --> 00:49:13.249
And we went to

00:49:13.250 --> 00:49:20.970
sorry Mahayana that town a few kilometers
downstream of Varanasi and its sewage outfalls.

00:49:36.220 --> 00:49:43.260
New wells built by the Foundation bringing
safe drinking water to the townspeople.

00:49:43.270 --> 00:49:47.970
No public. menu who\'s
up similar to between.

00:50:09.670 --> 00:50:14.134
The struggle goes on the conflict.

00:50:14.135 --> 00:50:21.750
We all are caught in the gap between
what we do and what we know.

00:50:21.790 --> 00:50:27.289
How do we find a way to reconcile
with the sources of life

00:50:27.290 --> 00:50:35.284
other than events to me imbalance.

00:50:35.285 --> 00:50:40.234
On v have to flying all who live in

00:50:40.235 --> 00:50:48.235
Smaller than one the signs technology
but religion fit on half cowork

00:50:49.925 --> 00:50:56.329
together called me in
this this example then

00:50:56.330 --> 00:51:03.529
science and technology one bank of the
river and religion tradition and fit.

00:51:03.530 --> 00:51:06.589
The other bank of the river mode.

00:51:06.590 --> 00:51:09.559
The banks need to be firm.

00:51:09.560 --> 00:51:14.370
And then only the liver
can maintain the flow

00:51:26.260 --> 00:51:31.579
Science and faith agree where

00:51:31.580 --> 00:51:37.080
part of the matrix that creates
and maintains the living world.

00:51:38.290 --> 00:51:46.290
Wherever we are air and water move
through us like a river of life.

00:51:48.430 --> 00:51:51.304
What we do to it.

00:51:51.305 --> 00:51:54.330
We do to ourselves.

00:52:08.770 --> 00:52:12.034
Next time on the sacred balance.

00:52:12.035 --> 00:52:16.549
We explore the fire of
creation the endless cycle of

00:52:16.550 --> 00:52:23.370
energy that creates destroys and
recreates all life on Earth.

00:52:47.890 --> 00:52:51.420
Come on