00:00:34.133 --> 00:00:36.000
Remembering the past, makes me feel bad.

00:00:39.000 --> 00:00:40.067
I even don't want to remember

00:00:43.400 --> 00:00:45.200
what happened.

00:00:47.200 --> 00:00:48.267
Because, if I remember again,

00:00:49.767 --> 00:00:51.500
[crackling sound]

00:00:53.233 --> 00:00:57.500
makes my mind not rest.

00:01:04.600 --> 00:01:08.709
We kept quiet.

00:01:08.733 --> 00:01:10.033
[background chatter]

00:01:11.300 --> 00:01:15.467
"Where are we going with this...

00:01:15.667 --> 00:01:17.667
"...brown kid?"

00:01:18.533 --> 00:01:19.633
...this arab girl?"

00:01:21.167 --> 00:01:22.433
"If we can remember,

00:01:25.400 --> 00:01:26.633
those days back,

00:01:27.567 --> 00:01:28.667
their people

00:01:30.400 --> 00:01:31.500
tortured us."

00:01:32.533 --> 00:01:33.700
The fear in me...

00:01:35.167 --> 00:01:36.433
I became so confused.

00:01:37.233 --> 00:01:39.467
My mother told me,

00:01:42.333 --> 00:01:43.709
"Promise me, you will not
tell what happened."

00:01:43.733 --> 00:01:46.767
[suspenseful music]

00:01:48.167 --> 00:01:50.043
At midnight tonight,
Africa's largest nation will

00:01:50.067 --> 00:01:52.309
effectively split in two,
creating the independent state

00:01:52.333 --> 00:01:55.309
of South Sudan.

00:01:55.333 --> 00:01:58.676
The fledgling state
won't have an easy start.After 50 years of civil
war, the country formally

00:01:58.700 --> 00:02:01.043
declared its independence
from Sudan.

00:02:01.067 --> 00:02:02.743
South Sudan was a fragile state

00:02:02.767 --> 00:02:04.643
led by former warlords.

00:02:04.667 --> 00:02:06.167
For the last four years,

00:02:08.300 --> 00:02:11.443
persistent conflict
in South Sudan has resulted in high
levels of displacement

00:02:11.467 --> 00:02:14.509
and forced more than a million

00:02:14.533 --> 00:02:16.409
refugees to flee into Uganda.

00:02:16.433 --> 00:02:18.667
No number is going
to ever be big enough.

00:02:21.333 --> 00:02:23.109
I think the only way for us
to connect to something is

00:02:23.133 --> 00:02:26.109
through people's
individual stories.

00:02:26.133 --> 00:02:28.043
I do think it
makes a difference.

00:02:28.067 --> 00:02:29.309
I do think it's important
to find those people

00:02:29.333 --> 00:02:32.033
to tell their stories.

00:02:42.333 --> 00:02:46.576
To prepare my pancakes

00:02:46.600 --> 00:02:50.409
I wake up at around 1am.

00:02:50.433 --> 00:02:53.033
Sandra! Jerrycan.

00:02:54.567 --> 00:02:57.700
[mellow music]

00:03:03.300 --> 00:03:05.300
She's hard-working.

00:03:07.533 --> 00:03:10.309
She works tirelessly

00:03:10.333 --> 00:03:14.100
making the pancakes.

00:03:19.033 --> 00:03:23.276
I'm tasting whether the

00:03:23.300 --> 00:03:26.276
sugar is okay,

00:03:26.300 --> 00:03:28.076
and also I'm tasting
the level of salt

00:03:28.100 --> 00:03:31.509
because the level of
salt has to be too low.

00:03:31.533 --> 00:03:35.409
[soft music]

00:03:35.433 --> 00:03:39.543
It is a bit tedious
and tiresome.

00:03:39.567 --> 00:03:43.243
I'm not resting,

00:03:43.267 --> 00:03:45.500
but I have to struggle.

00:03:53.300 --> 00:03:57.276
Shamira

00:03:57.300 --> 00:03:58.533
She's my pupil in
Ocea Primary School.

00:03:59.433 --> 00:04:03.033
She is like the mother;

00:04:03.700 --> 00:04:05.643
she's intellectual,
she's intelligent.

00:04:05.667 --> 00:04:08.333
But we wish and we hope that
she will finish her education.

00:04:12.000 --> 00:04:15.667
Balance okay.

00:04:16.133 --> 00:04:17.433
And we hope if peace comes,

00:04:17.633 --> 00:04:21.143
she will be one of
our future leaders

00:04:21.167 --> 00:04:24.409
to rebuild our country.

00:04:24.433 --> 00:04:26.267
but we refugees,
like in Rhino Camp...

00:04:28.733 --> 00:04:32.300
...our people are
really traumatized.

00:04:32.700 --> 00:04:35.667
And that's why we
failed to achieve unity.

00:04:43.200 --> 00:04:47.543
Shamira, when you're ready.

00:04:47.567 --> 00:04:50.376
Start with your name,
then you can tell your story.

00:04:50.400 --> 00:04:54.143
Yes.

00:04:54.167 --> 00:04:55.276
My name is Shamira Muhammad.

00:04:55.300 --> 00:04:57.633
I'm a refugee from South Sudan.

00:04:58.433 --> 00:05:00.600
That's my homeland, South Sudan.

00:05:06.133 --> 00:05:10.533
I stayed in a place called Juba,

00:05:13.367 --> 00:05:18.076
living with my mom,
and my father.

00:05:18.100 --> 00:05:20.433
[suspenseful music]

00:05:25.767 --> 00:05:30.033
I had good times with my father.

00:05:40.767 --> 00:05:45.509
But, my father was not
South Sudanese.

00:05:45.533 --> 00:05:47.667
My father is Turkish.

00:05:54.633 --> 00:05:59.143
He never wanted to leave.

00:05:59.167 --> 00:06:00.333
But, my father was in danger.

00:06:13.033 --> 00:06:17.700
My father said,
"I'll not manage this war."

00:06:21.433 --> 00:06:26.300
That's why,
he had to leave with all he had.

00:06:27.400 --> 00:06:28.767
He wanted to take me too,
but my mum told him,

00:06:32.333 --> 00:06:35.267
"Since I am disabled,
you can't go with my child."

00:06:43.500 --> 00:06:48.467
At times, I would ask my mum,
"Where is my dad?"

00:06:55.733 --> 00:07:00.200
My mum would tell me,

00:07:01.267 --> 00:07:05.067
"Girl, there are many things
that can happen in this world. I want you to understand."

00:07:06.667 --> 00:07:11.567
I would tell my mum, "Come on
mum, everything is fine."

00:07:13.500 --> 00:07:14.767
But I never knew
anything about the world.

00:07:18.467 --> 00:07:20.633
[dramatic music]

00:07:35.333 --> 00:07:40.409
Well, I can understand why
someone of Turkish or Greek or

00:07:40.433 --> 00:07:45.133
Arab descent would not
feel safe in South Sudan.

00:07:46.333 --> 00:07:50.033
Sudan didn't exist
in the territories

00:07:51.100 --> 00:07:54.443
and geography it is in

00:07:54.467 --> 00:07:56.467
until the British came.

00:07:57.267 --> 00:07:58.567
All these European
powers had met in

00:08:02.033 --> 00:08:04.109 position:20%
the Conference of Berlin

00:08:04.133 --> 00:08:05.576
to then divide Africa
among themselves.

00:08:05.600 --> 00:08:09.400
The British applied
different policies

00:08:09.600 --> 00:08:12.609
in the north and the south.

00:08:12.633 --> 00:08:14.300
So the south was left behind

00:08:14.633 --> 00:08:16.376
in terms of schools,
development,

00:08:16.400 --> 00:08:19.167
and the north
advanced economically.

00:08:19.367 --> 00:08:21.100
The Sudan, for 58 years
under the joint rule of Britain

00:08:24.400 --> 00:08:27.443
and Egypt,
becomes an independent republic

00:08:27.467 --> 00:08:29.476
When Sudan became independent.

00:08:29.500 --> 00:08:31.209
the power went
to the Northerners:

00:08:31.233 --> 00:08:32.567
the Arab Muslims.

00:08:33.067 --> 00:08:35.767
The Southerners,
they were Christian.

00:08:37.600 --> 00:08:40.367
But the problem now

00:08:40.600 --> 00:08:41.976
the power was in
their hands of a regime

00:08:42.000 --> 00:08:44.043
that wanted to
convert them to Islam

00:08:44.067 --> 00:08:46.209
and was willing to
use the power of state.

00:08:46.233 --> 00:08:48.600
Within Southern Sudan,

00:08:49.467 --> 00:08:51.209
these folks believed they were
being treated as second class

00:08:51.233 --> 00:08:54.109
citizens- third class citizens.

00:08:54.133 --> 00:08:56.076
They believed that the only
way they would get a fair shake

00:08:56.100 --> 00:08:58.576
is if they fought.

00:08:58.600 --> 00:09:00.143
So in the 1950s, war erupted.

00:09:00.167 --> 00:09:03.676
[pensive music]

00:09:03.700 --> 00:09:05.467
Decades of war created a
fractured Southern Sudan.

00:09:06.267 --> 00:09:09.376
By the 1980s, John Garang's
southern rebellion was forming,

00:09:09.400 --> 00:09:13.076
uniting the different tribes...

00:09:13.100 --> 00:09:15.009
Because of how the
Northerners had behaved

00:09:15.033 --> 00:09:17.276
since the early 1940s,

00:09:17.300 --> 00:09:19.576
Southerners felt that
they cannot be trusted.

00:09:19.600 --> 00:09:21.533
Now that is what Garang then
went to the bush to fight for.

00:09:22.433 --> 00:09:25.567
The real first time that they
are coming together as people

00:09:27.600 --> 00:09:30.709
of Southern Sudan,

00:09:30.733 --> 00:09:32.109
from all these tribes
and ethnic groups

00:09:32.133 --> 00:09:34.976
is within the SPLA.

00:09:35.000 --> 00:09:36.667
[chanting]

00:09:39.367 --> 00:09:40.433
[gunshots]

00:09:43.433 --> 00:09:46.443
The Southern rebels fought
a conventional people's war

00:09:46.467 --> 00:09:49.243
using hit and run
guerilla tactics.

00:09:49.267 --> 00:09:51.333
The war between
North and South Sudan

00:09:51.767 --> 00:09:54.467
by some counts, was the second
deadliest war in the world

00:09:55.067 --> 00:09:58.109
since World War II.

00:09:58.133 --> 00:09:59.143
2.5 million people were killed.

00:09:59.167 --> 00:10:01.333
Many people were displaced.

00:10:02.200 --> 00:10:04.043
Everybody was so tired of it.

00:10:04.067 --> 00:10:06.343
But the way it ended,
gave people hope.

00:10:06.367 --> 00:10:09.043
At midnight tonight,
Africa's largest nation will

00:10:09.067 --> 00:10:11.409
effectively split in two,
creating the independent state

00:10:11.433 --> 00:10:14.367
of South Sudan.

00:10:15.433 --> 00:10:18.343
In the days leading up
to independence, I mean, there was a very palpable
sense of excitement in Juba.

00:10:18.367 --> 00:10:21.709
In the US, in the UK,
everywhere,

00:10:21.733 --> 00:10:24.643
even within the
African Union,

00:10:24.667 --> 00:10:26.743
everybody was cheering
South Sudan to succeed.

00:10:26.767 --> 00:10:29.600
A nation is born,

00:10:30.267 --> 00:10:31.576
a symbol of
sovereignty and identity

00:10:31.600 --> 00:10:34.043
flies for the first time.

00:10:34.067 --> 00:10:35.500
The scene in South Sudan
is nothing less than electric.

00:10:35.633 --> 00:10:39.067
It's been 55 years of
marching and fighting and dying,

00:10:41.667 --> 00:10:46.700
and today marks the first
step towards independence.

00:10:48.233 --> 00:10:51.233
Watching the South
Sudanese flag go up the pole

00:10:53.167 --> 00:10:55.176
for the first time

00:10:55.200 --> 00:10:56.376
and being surrounded
by the ululating women,

00:10:56.400 --> 00:10:59.209
and the army veterans who
had fought in the liberation war

00:10:59.233 --> 00:11:03.376
and who were now crying,
grown men.

00:11:03.400 --> 00:11:06.309
It was very hard not to be
moved when you saw how much

00:11:06.333 --> 00:11:09.609
these people had wanted
independence and what it

00:11:09.633 --> 00:11:12.233
meant to them.

00:11:15.500 --> 00:11:19.633
[hopeful music]

00:11:23.267 --> 00:11:27.743
There was a lot of
excitement about

00:11:27.767 --> 00:11:29.276
the potential that
was there now.

00:11:29.300 --> 00:11:32.043
We had oil,

00:11:32.067 --> 00:11:33.243
billions of dollars
that were donated

00:11:33.267 --> 00:11:35.043
from all over the world,

00:11:35.067 --> 00:11:36.309
investing in our lives,

00:11:36.333 --> 00:11:38.243
uniting our people,

00:11:38.267 --> 00:11:39.709
addressing the impact of war.

00:11:39.733 --> 00:11:43.767
Now that we are free,
we are going to do what we want

00:11:44.567 --> 00:11:48.309
without foreigners,

00:11:48.333 --> 00:11:50.109
forgetting that
the problem is us.

00:11:50.133 --> 00:11:53.543
Us and the way in
which we do things.

00:11:53.567 --> 00:11:56.409
Because, you know,

00:11:56.433 --> 00:12:00.000
through violence is the
only way you get to the table. [upbeat pop music]

00:12:11.633 --> 00:12:16.643
Salva, he joined the Civil
War when he was very young

00:12:16.667 --> 00:12:21.209
He's a military person.

00:12:21.233 --> 00:12:22.709
He was a very committed leader

00:12:22.733 --> 00:12:25.109
of the SPLA for decades and
was a very courageous leader,

00:12:25.133 --> 00:12:29.109
very respected by his troops

00:12:29.133 --> 00:12:31.276
always would go into battle in

00:12:31.300 --> 00:12:33.143
the front of the
line on the back.

00:12:33.167 --> 00:12:35.109
His battles were somewhat
legendary in terms of his

00:12:35.133 --> 00:12:38.009
ability to outflank and
outsmart his adversaries,

00:12:38.033 --> 00:12:41.709
the Sudan army.

00:12:41.733 --> 00:12:43.476
And he became one of
the deputies of John Garang

00:12:43.500 --> 00:12:45.276
that was basically
getting rid of the guys that

00:12:45.300 --> 00:12:48.767
were seen as not
sufficiently loyal.

00:12:51.600 --> 00:12:55.576
Machar, on the other hand,
was a student studying in the UK

00:12:55.600 --> 00:12:59.476
and then when we fought
for independence, he joined in.

00:12:59.500 --> 00:13:02.576
Commander Riek Machar
is 38 and has a doctorate in

00:13:02.600 --> 00:13:05.976
engineering from
Bradford University.

00:13:06.000 --> 00:13:07.600
His tribe, the Nuer,

00:13:08.433 --> 00:13:09.643
regard him as a savior.

00:13:09.667 --> 00:13:11.076
Someone they've
been told to expect

00:13:11.100 --> 00:13:12.609
by a 19th century prophet.

00:13:12.633 --> 00:13:14.533
Garang promoted him quickly

00:13:14.767 --> 00:13:16.209
because he was highly educated.

00:13:16.233 --> 00:13:18.267
That generation of
military leadership

00:13:18.667 --> 00:13:21.209
that had no experience
in governing

00:13:21.233 --> 00:13:23.609
but only in war.

00:13:23.633 --> 00:13:25.500
It's their opportunity
to keep

00:13:26.333 --> 00:13:28.000
the country
together.

00:13:31.633 --> 00:13:36.409
By now, Garang had
a unionist ideology

00:13:36.433 --> 00:13:39.476
that they were fighting
for a vision of a new Sudan.

00:13:39.500 --> 00:13:41.643
A Sudan that can be
equal to everybody.

00:13:41.667 --> 00:13:44.509
A Sudan where everybody would be

00:13:44.533 --> 00:13:46.376
given a fair chance.

00:13:46.400 --> 00:13:48.343
John Garang was

00:13:48.367 --> 00:13:49.343
a soldier, first and foremost.

00:13:49.367 --> 00:13:51.533
He spent more than 20
years of the head of the

00:13:52.200 --> 00:13:54.509
Sudan People's Liberation Army.

00:13:54.533 --> 00:13:57.276
A mysterious helicopter crash
in 2005, claiming his life and

00:13:57.300 --> 00:14:02.067
plunging the peace
process into new uncertainty.

00:14:02.433 --> 00:14:05.333
South Sudan, and indeed,

00:14:06.700 --> 00:14:09.376
the whole Sudan

00:14:09.400 --> 00:14:10.743
has lost its beloved son.

00:14:10.767 --> 00:14:13.133
Dr. John Garang de Mabior.

00:14:14.200 --> 00:14:16.709
[melancholic music]

00:14:16.733 --> 00:14:18.676
So when Garang died,

00:14:18.700 --> 00:14:20.476
Machar became

00:14:20.500 --> 00:14:21.709
the deputy of Salva Kiir
and his vice president.

00:14:21.733 --> 00:14:24.533
And literally, the South
was handed over to them.

00:14:26.500 --> 00:14:27.600
Kiir has done a lot.

00:14:30.733 --> 00:14:33.076
He helped fight

00:14:33.100 --> 00:14:34.276
for the country to
get independence.

00:14:34.300 --> 00:14:36.109
He's the first president.

00:14:36.133 --> 00:14:38.609
But, Kiir was never elected.

00:14:38.633 --> 00:14:41.209
This was a guy

00:14:41.233 --> 00:14:43.009
that became president in 2011,

00:14:43.033 --> 00:14:44.733
by appointment.

00:14:45.400 --> 00:14:47.000
Machar, over the course
of the last 30 years

00:14:47.600 --> 00:14:50.767
has played this role of being
the principal ally of Salva Kiir

00:14:52.300 --> 00:14:56.300
and then, Salva's betrayer.

00:14:56.667 --> 00:14:58.533
I think there really was a
winner take all mentality

00:15:00.367 --> 00:15:03.509
because the dominant side
simplified to say this Salva

00:15:03.533 --> 00:15:07.443
Kiir camp did not believe in

00:15:07.467 --> 00:15:09.667
sharing power
and sharing wealth.

00:15:12.500 --> 00:15:17.509
Salva Kiir has taken the
power struggle to another level.

00:15:17.533 --> 00:15:21.009
We now have one man's rule.

00:15:21.033 --> 00:15:23.209
So, what is one man's rule?

00:15:23.233 --> 00:15:25.700
Dictatorship.

00:15:26.333 --> 00:15:27.309
[camera shutters]

00:15:27.333 --> 00:15:30.543
What you have is forces
loyal to the opposition

00:15:30.567 --> 00:15:34.676
and forces loyal to
to the government,

00:15:34.700 --> 00:15:37.176
and you have them both
in the capital, together.

00:15:37.200 --> 00:15:40.576
Riek and his forces believed
we got our independence

00:15:40.600 --> 00:15:44.443
because we used violence.

00:15:44.467 --> 00:15:45.609
They would have
never given it to us.

00:15:45.633 --> 00:15:50.576
So now if we want what we need,
we're going to go get it through the barrel of the gun.

00:15:50.600 --> 00:15:52.600
I kneeled in front of Riek
Machar and I said to him,

00:15:53.333 --> 00:15:56.476
I can sense the tension
that is going on now.

00:15:56.500 --> 00:15:59.076
Please, promise me that

00:15:59.100 --> 00:16:02.176
nothing like that
will happen again.

00:16:02.200 --> 00:16:04.033
And two hours later, boom.

00:16:06.267 --> 00:16:10.300
[soft rousing music]

00:16:14.367 --> 00:16:18.300
At that time,

00:16:18.500 --> 00:16:20.233
we were playing
with my friends outside.

00:16:22.733 --> 00:16:26.543
When we were playing,

00:16:26.567 --> 00:16:27.733
people started running.

00:16:28.433 --> 00:16:30.200
Where are people running?

00:16:32.700 --> 00:16:34.000
At that time, I saw them.

00:16:37.333 --> 00:16:38.700
No smiling faces...

00:16:40.333 --> 00:16:41.433
arrogant.

00:16:42.467 --> 00:16:43.533
It just happened suddenly.

00:16:44.733 --> 00:16:46.533
[dramatic music]

00:16:54.533 --> 00:16:56.000
It was an abrupt attack.

00:17:07.133 --> 00:17:11.267
I cried inside

00:17:12.467 --> 00:17:14.667
because, it is really painful
to see someone's blood flowing.

00:17:16.633 --> 00:17:18.367
[sinister music]

00:17:25.300 --> 00:17:28.633
We never knew
what was going to happen.

00:17:36.433 --> 00:17:40.976
I escaped,
I ran very fast.

00:17:41.000 --> 00:17:44.300
[climactic music]

00:17:49.300 --> 00:17:53.367
[children screaming]

00:17:58.433 --> 00:18:03.000
Everything was just on fire.

00:18:06.400 --> 00:18:11.133
You'd see blood,
everywhere is blood.

00:18:11.267 --> 00:18:13.233
[fire crackling]

00:18:15.400 --> 00:18:17.276
By then,our neighbours
were all killed.

00:18:17.300 --> 00:18:19.267
Dead bodies outside our gate.

00:18:22.300 --> 00:18:23.367
[dramatic music]

00:18:29.033 --> 00:18:34.043
My mother knew it, it was not
her first time in war.

00:18:34.067 --> 00:18:36.733
She knew what was happening.

00:18:37.533 --> 00:18:38.767
[baby crying]

00:18:41.633 --> 00:18:44.333
[dramatic music]

00:18:44.533 --> 00:18:46.433
[fire burst]

00:18:57.467 --> 00:19:02.343
Reports of trouble in
neighboring South Sudan

00:19:02.367 --> 00:19:05.509
as the government announced

00:19:05.533 --> 00:19:06.543
an attempted
coup this afternoon.

00:19:06.567 --> 00:19:09.076
South Sudan President
Salva Kiir accused

00:19:09.100 --> 00:19:11.109
his former vice president of
orchestrating the failed coup

00:19:11.133 --> 00:19:14.309
which has thrown the capital,
Juba,

00:19:14.333 --> 00:19:16.576
into a state of panic.

00:19:16.600 --> 00:19:18.143
The war started again,

00:19:18.167 --> 00:19:19.543
and the killing began.

00:19:19.567 --> 00:19:22.667
[eerie music]

00:19:34.133 --> 00:19:38.176
[gunshots]

00:19:38.200 --> 00:19:41.676
Salva Kiir, with his troops,
were able to go door to door

00:19:41.700 --> 00:19:45.709
killing people from Riek
Machar's ethnic group.

00:19:45.733 --> 00:19:48.709
Troops loyal to the government,
were accused of killing

00:19:48.733 --> 00:19:51.343
large numbers of civilians.

00:19:51.367 --> 00:19:53.376
The vice president, he's a Nuer,

00:19:53.400 --> 00:19:55.609
and the president is a Dinka.

00:19:55.633 --> 00:19:57.476
So there was really an intention

00:19:57.500 --> 00:19:59.309
to kill as many
Nuer as possible.

00:19:59.333 --> 00:20:02.343
And then now,

00:20:02.367 --> 00:20:05.743
Riek Machar presented
himself as the defender of the Nuer community,

00:20:05.767 --> 00:20:07.400
and then mobilized the
Nuer to kill all the Dinkas.

00:20:09.767 --> 00:20:14.076
They went into a
level of tribalism

00:20:14.100 --> 00:20:16.609
that was so shocking,

00:20:16.633 --> 00:20:18.767
you see history sort
of repeating itself.

00:20:19.500 --> 00:20:21.467
During a war with our brothers,
Sudan,

00:20:24.267 --> 00:20:28.509
we lost many lives.

00:20:28.533 --> 00:20:30.609
And now also we
become independent

00:20:30.633 --> 00:20:34.476
and we are still
losing more life.

00:20:34.500 --> 00:20:37.333
[somber music]

00:20:37.500 --> 00:20:40.733
Thousands fled here to the
safety of a U.N. compound,

00:20:41.067 --> 00:20:44.576
when which tribe you were from

00:20:44.600 --> 00:20:46.409
suddenly became a
question of life or death.

00:20:46.433 --> 00:20:49.433
They targeted the homes of Nuer,

00:20:50.033 --> 00:20:53.309
like you are killing
wild animals.

00:20:53.333 --> 00:20:55.476
Like they just wanted
to train themselves

00:20:55.500 --> 00:20:58.609
to shoot the whole family,

00:20:58.633 --> 00:21:01.667
kids, mothers and all.

00:21:07.133 --> 00:21:11.743
Even if you you tell
me that you go back,

00:21:11.767 --> 00:21:15.043
it will be hard for me.

00:21:15.067 --> 00:21:16.576
I say I cannot return

00:21:16.600 --> 00:21:19.033
because I don't
trust our government.

00:21:24.633 --> 00:21:29.176
In the case of Simon Peter,

00:21:29.200 --> 00:21:30.543
I know him very, very well.

00:21:30.567 --> 00:21:32.543
Being a member of my church
and not only an ordinary member,

00:21:32.567 --> 00:21:35.176
but chairman of
the Board of Elders.

00:21:35.200 --> 00:21:38.000
He, being a Nuer by tribe,

00:21:39.100 --> 00:21:41.143
he was scared of
himself being a Nuer

00:21:41.167 --> 00:21:43.076
in the middle of nowhere.

00:21:43.100 --> 00:21:45.209
[crickets chirping]

00:21:45.233 --> 00:21:47.609
He decided to move
his family to Uganda.

00:21:47.633 --> 00:21:50.676
Well, I don't blame him.

00:21:50.700 --> 00:21:52.243
That's how most of
the people here left

00:21:52.267 --> 00:21:54.643
because they were
scared for their lives.

00:21:54.667 --> 00:21:56.733
I wanted Simon
Peter to come back.

00:21:57.533 --> 00:22:00.376
But my wife said,
I don't think it is wise because

00:22:00.400 --> 00:22:05.076
if his heart feels it's not safe

00:22:05.100 --> 00:22:08.167
you don't need to force him.

00:22:09.500 --> 00:22:11.109
He needs to feel in his heart,
that when I go it is safe.

00:22:11.133 --> 00:22:13.643
[pensive music]

00:22:13.667 --> 00:22:16.009
In Africa,
over the last four years,

00:22:16.033 --> 00:22:17.743
persistant conflict has
resulted in high levels

00:22:17.767 --> 00:22:20.709
of displacement,
and forced more than

00:22:20.733 --> 00:22:23.243
a million refugees to flee
into neighboring Uganda,

00:22:23.267 --> 00:22:26.643
making Uganda the biggest
host country on this continent.

00:22:26.667 --> 00:22:30.509
Their new life here in
Uganda certainly won't be easy,

00:22:30.533 --> 00:22:33.576
but at least here,

00:22:33.600 --> 00:22:35.133
nobody is trying to kill them.

00:22:40.433 --> 00:22:44.667
[atmospheric music]

00:23:04.500 --> 00:23:09.076
When the leaves are not there

00:23:09.100 --> 00:23:11.009
you will know that it is ready,

00:23:11.033 --> 00:23:12.576
and if on the stump there
is a leaf, which means-

00:23:12.600 --> 00:23:16.409
Hello! Don't keep on talking.

00:23:16.433 --> 00:23:18.733
When it reaches this size,
you tie it.

00:23:20.567 --> 00:23:22.367
(indistinct talking)

00:23:25.400 --> 00:23:26.567
After you sort it,

00:23:29.600 --> 00:23:31.709
you make it dry

00:23:31.733 --> 00:23:33.643
then you can also
grind it as paste

00:23:33.667 --> 00:23:36.509
for cooking food.

00:23:36.533 --> 00:23:37.609
But this is not for paste alone,
my dear.

00:23:37.633 --> 00:23:40.600
This is for money.

00:23:48.200 --> 00:23:52.543
I like playing with her, but

00:23:52.567 --> 00:23:55.409
she's very slippery
when playing.

00:23:55.433 --> 00:23:59.433
I like cheating her.

00:24:06.700 --> 00:24:10.767
[laughing]

00:24:17.067 --> 00:24:21.243
She likes arguing.

00:24:21.267 --> 00:24:23.576
So when she does something and

00:24:23.600 --> 00:24:26.976
I mention it, she argues a lot

00:24:27.000 --> 00:24:30.543
so we end up laughing.

00:24:30.567 --> 00:24:32.667
I feel everything
I do is the best!

00:24:36.733 --> 00:24:41.333
Lazy plus lazy is equal to zero!

00:24:47.767 --> 00:24:52.200
[indistinct talking]

00:25:07.133 --> 00:25:11.133
Shit!

00:25:25.500 --> 00:25:29.733
[indistinct talking]

00:25:37.200 --> 00:25:41.333
[somber music]

00:26:02.233 --> 00:26:07.333
Our society is built around
tribe, clan, and ethnicity,

00:26:08.100 --> 00:26:13.043
and you identify yourself
by that relationship.

00:26:13.067 --> 00:26:15.633
[singing]

00:26:15.767 --> 00:26:19.176
With an estimated
population of 12 million,

00:26:19.200 --> 00:26:21.443
there are more than sixty
tribes in South Sudan,

00:26:21.467 --> 00:26:24.009
each with it's own history,
tradition, and culture.

00:26:24.033 --> 00:26:27.043
Dinka, Nuer, Zande,
Shilluk, Toposa, Lotuko

00:26:27.067 --> 00:26:31.700
Mabaan, Jiye, Anuak,
Avokaya, Bari, Pojulu,

00:26:32.033 --> 00:26:35.076
Kakwa, Madi, Luwo,
Acholi, Kuku, Bongo.

00:26:35.100 --> 00:26:37.600
Uh, yeah. That's it.

00:26:38.267 --> 00:26:40.700
Different ethnic groups
use different types

00:26:42.233 --> 00:26:44.343
of facial scarification.

00:26:44.367 --> 00:26:46.343
These can be interchangeable.

00:26:46.367 --> 00:26:48.343
But as a general rule of thumb,
the Nuer ethnic

00:26:48.367 --> 00:26:51.143
group will have horizontal
scars across their foreheads.

00:26:51.167 --> 00:26:54.343
And after the conflict in 2013,
there was some

00:26:54.367 --> 00:26:58.976
individuals who felt that this
marked them out and perhaps

00:26:59.000 --> 00:27:01.276
made them less safe.

00:27:01.300 --> 00:27:07.409
Tribalism is dangerous anywhere
in the world because it is this evolutionarily
primitive emotion.

00:27:07.433 --> 00:27:10.233
It's actually very easy to
tap into, and I think probably

00:27:10.500 --> 00:27:15.176
any civil war starts with that.

00:27:15.200 --> 00:27:17.509
Tribe leaders have throughout
history used fear and

00:27:17.533 --> 00:27:21.243
tribalism to turn us into
weapons against each other

00:27:21.267 --> 00:27:24.743
whether it has
been over religion,

00:27:24.767 --> 00:27:27.443
nationality or about ideologies.

00:27:27.467 --> 00:27:32.067
It's not that hard to
evoke these feelings of

00:27:32.600 --> 00:27:36.709
them against us.

00:27:36.733 --> 00:27:39.467
So, it's not something new.

00:27:40.433 --> 00:27:42.076
It has been something that has
been used and abused to turn

00:27:42.100 --> 00:27:46.243
humans to weapons who are
serving the benefits of leaders

00:27:46.267 --> 00:27:50.309
of the tribe while they are
thinking they're protecting

00:27:50.333 --> 00:27:53.543
themselves against
some imaginary threats.

00:27:53.567 --> 00:27:56.476
And I think that was the
intention of President Kiir,

00:27:56.500 --> 00:27:59.143
was by making it ethnic-based,

00:27:59.167 --> 00:28:02.243
he will then be able to rally
the Dinka to stand with him.

00:28:02.267 --> 00:28:06.033
[soft sinister music]

00:28:27.267 --> 00:28:31.509
This is a women's group.

00:28:31.533 --> 00:28:34.643
[people chatting]

00:28:34.667 --> 00:28:37.467
We are doing
savings every evening.

00:28:38.167 --> 00:28:40.533
And while doing the savings

00:28:42.533 --> 00:28:45.733
we also have to share
our thoughts and stress.

00:28:51.000 --> 00:28:52.000
[people chatting]

00:29:00.033 --> 00:29:04.009
We also

00:29:04.033 --> 00:29:05.643
teach those ones who
were not doing business,

00:29:05.667 --> 00:29:08.609
who were staying home

00:29:08.633 --> 00:29:10.567
because they felt that
they came empty-handed,

00:29:11.600 --> 00:29:15.543
and

00:29:15.567 --> 00:29:17.176
they don't think whether
they will resume life.

00:29:17.200 --> 00:29:20.000
So, we are just trying to
resume from where we got lost.

00:29:25.567 --> 00:29:29.500
Why is it just women?

00:29:30.233 --> 00:29:31.567
We felt that we
were left behind.

00:29:34.733 --> 00:29:37.767
[brooding music]

00:29:38.500 --> 00:29:41.267
She meant everything to me.

00:29:43.067 --> 00:29:44.767
She loved me. She cared for me.

00:29:49.300 --> 00:29:53.267
But me, I'm different.
I am lightskinned.

00:29:55.233 --> 00:29:58.133
So, it all happened,
just because of me.

00:30:03.000 --> 00:30:06.743
My mum used to work
with a certain guy.

00:30:06.767 --> 00:30:09.467
That guys is from
a tribe called Dinka.

00:30:10.067 --> 00:30:12.433
[brooding music]

00:30:15.367 --> 00:30:17.500
So, one time he came
and told my mother

00:30:20.167 --> 00:30:22.133
that my mother should leave.

00:30:22.733 --> 00:30:24.300
Or else something terrible
is going to happen.

00:30:26.500 --> 00:30:29.167
This man told my mum,
he will murder me.

00:30:34.333 --> 00:30:38.443
My mum refused,

00:30:38.467 --> 00:30:39.533
and night came.

00:30:41.533 --> 00:30:42.600
[tense music]

00:31:07.233 --> 00:31:11.500
They came by the door.

00:31:16.300 --> 00:31:20.567
They kicked the door.

00:31:22.400 --> 00:31:27.300
My mother realised
what was going to happen.

00:31:28.500 --> 00:31:29.567
So, my mother
had to hide me inside.

00:31:34.600 --> 00:31:35.233
[banging]

00:31:40.400 --> 00:31:44.743
So, the door finally opened.

00:31:44.767 --> 00:31:46.476
[banging]

00:31:46.500 --> 00:31:47.567
These people entered.

00:31:50.567 --> 00:31:52.000
They collared my mum like this.

00:31:52.367 --> 00:31:54.033
They said,
"where is your child?"

00:31:56.367 --> 00:31:58.100
My mum told them,
"my child is not here."

00:31:59.167 --> 00:32:02.367
"Tell us, if not,
we shall kill you."

00:32:06.333 --> 00:32:10.276
Do you know when someone

00:32:10.300 --> 00:32:11.567
puts you at gunpoint?

00:32:12.600 --> 00:32:14.243
Do you know how it is?

00:32:14.267 --> 00:32:15.433
It feels sad.

00:32:17.067 --> 00:32:18.233
It's better to die of hunger.

00:32:19.067 --> 00:32:21.500
My mother told them,
I left with my father.

00:32:23.233 --> 00:32:25.600
But these people said, "no, you
were talking with her inside."

00:32:27.767 --> 00:32:31.143
[smashing]

00:32:31.167 --> 00:32:32.233
"No, I was just talking alone."

00:32:32.400 --> 00:32:34.167
They got angry with her,

00:32:35.333 --> 00:32:36.633
and they shot my mom.

00:32:49.233 --> 00:32:53.633
When they left, I ran to her.

00:32:54.567 --> 00:32:56.133
My mum said,
"maybe, I will leave life."

00:32:59.600 --> 00:33:03.167
But I told my mum,
"mum, you can't leave me alone."

00:33:04.567 --> 00:33:07.600
"How will I grow?
Where will I start?"

00:33:14.067 --> 00:33:18.543
I said, "mum,
you will not die."

00:33:18.567 --> 00:33:20.367
I had to tie
my mummy's belly here,

00:33:23.300 --> 00:33:25.267
so that the blood
would not flow as much.

00:33:26.000 --> 00:33:27.433
I thought I lost everything.

00:33:30.367 --> 00:33:32.200
She's my joy in life.

00:33:35.467 --> 00:33:40.400
I was crying sudden tears,
for like five hours.

00:33:44.567 --> 00:33:48.576
When she woke up, she called me,

00:33:48.600 --> 00:33:51.133
"Shamira."

00:33:52.100 --> 00:33:53.167
That was my happiest
moment in life.

00:33:57.267 --> 00:33:58.667
I cried tears until I got help.

00:34:01.667 --> 00:34:05.100
She was taken to the hospital.

00:34:05.700 --> 00:34:07.267
She became fine.

00:34:08.600 --> 00:34:09.667
The only thing I told my mum,

00:34:11.600 --> 00:34:13.300
"Mum, let's travel from
South Sudan."

00:34:13.600 --> 00:34:16.300
My mum told me,
"where are we going?"

00:34:17.033 --> 00:34:18.743
"Where shall we go?"

00:34:18.767 --> 00:34:20.167
I told my mum,
"let's go."

00:34:29.133 --> 00:34:33.376
[somber orchestration]

00:34:33.400 --> 00:34:38.176
Famine was
declared in early 2017

00:34:38.200 --> 00:34:40.567
So 100,000 people
were said to be in famine.

00:34:41.767 --> 00:34:44.767
The United Nations called
this a man-made famine

00:34:46.733 --> 00:34:50.167
because it was a
result of the fighting.

00:34:53.300 --> 00:34:58.276
The women I spoke to for
several years described the

00:34:58.300 --> 00:35:01.343
situation as
extremely challenging.

00:35:01.367 --> 00:35:03.609
The brunt of what has
happened in the conflict has

00:35:03.633 --> 00:35:06.700
fallen on them.

00:35:07.767 --> 00:35:11.643
They would have to make
these impossible choices.

00:35:11.667 --> 00:35:14.433
If their husbands wanted
to go farm, then they

00:35:16.300 --> 00:35:19.109
pretty much thought their
husbands would be killed.

00:35:19.133 --> 00:35:21.409
But if they went to go farm,

00:35:21.433 --> 00:35:22.667
then they would
most likely be raped.

00:35:23.600 --> 00:35:25.267
They did the calculation and
it made more sense, they said,

00:35:28.733 --> 00:35:32.043
for them to go than
for their husbands to go.

00:35:32.067 --> 00:35:34.533
This prevented people
from cultivating for feeding

00:35:36.367 --> 00:35:38.600
their families, created a
culture of fear and terror.

00:35:42.267 --> 00:35:46.309
In other contexts that I'd
been in, I had spoken to women

00:35:46.333 --> 00:35:48.976
who had been raped
and sexually assaulted.

00:35:49.000 --> 00:35:51.767
The scale of it and how rampant
it was, something different that

00:35:52.433 --> 00:35:56.100
I had not seen before.

00:35:57.767 --> 00:36:02.767
It was one of the tools
used by men on all sides to

00:36:03.500 --> 00:36:08.609
degrade these women and make
them feel less than human and

00:36:08.633 --> 00:36:12.209
put them through terror and
also say to the men, either in

00:36:12.233 --> 00:36:15.743
the other community or within
the other ethnicity that you

00:36:15.767 --> 00:36:19.143
can't take care of your women.

00:36:19.167 --> 00:36:21.300
It was sort of a
message to them.

00:36:22.200 --> 00:36:24.267
People have died in this
war with horrific atrocities,

00:36:27.233 --> 00:36:31.043
mass rape,
child soldier recruitment,

00:36:31.067 --> 00:36:33.209
all the worst of the worst.

00:36:33.233 --> 00:36:35.076
And this is how
they stay in power.

00:36:35.100 --> 00:36:38.400
All the journalists and
diplomats and people who work

00:36:40.200 --> 00:36:42.376
for the U.N., we all like
to imagine we know what's

00:36:42.400 --> 00:36:45.176
going on, but we really don't,
and I think that's because

00:36:45.200 --> 00:36:47.709
it's a very, very small number
of people in that inner circle

00:36:47.733 --> 00:36:51.976
which revolves around the
presidency who do actually know

00:36:52.000 --> 00:36:55.109
what's going on.

00:36:55.133 --> 00:36:59.343
Any outsider who tells you
that they have a really good understanding of it is lying
because they are incredibly

00:36:59.367 --> 00:37:02.376
good at keeping information
away from all the people who

00:37:02.400 --> 00:37:04.676
think that they
have the inside track.

00:37:04.700 --> 00:37:06.767
First time I saw a newspaper
with a blanked out front page,

00:37:09.500 --> 00:37:12.243
I didn't fully understand
what I was looking at

00:37:12.267 --> 00:37:14.443
or what happened.

00:37:14.467 --> 00:37:15.576
[eerie music]

00:37:15.600 --> 00:37:18.243
It was explained to me that
when the paper goes to press,

00:37:18.267 --> 00:37:21.276
there's a national security
officer working at the

00:37:21.300 --> 00:37:23.376
printing press, and if they

00:37:23.400 --> 00:37:24.643
see a story that
they don't like,

00:37:24.667 --> 00:37:26.709
they'll just remove it.

00:37:26.733 --> 00:37:28.743
What the local journalists
face is much harder than what

00:37:28.767 --> 00:37:32.576
international journalists face.

00:37:32.600 --> 00:37:34.543
They don't report on stories
because they are afraid

00:37:34.567 --> 00:37:37.143
of government pushback.

00:37:37.167 --> 00:37:38.176
They are detained.

00:37:38.200 --> 00:37:39.276
They are questioned.

00:37:39.300 --> 00:37:40.409
They're harassed.

00:37:40.433 --> 00:37:42.143
Local journalists say it's
more risky to carry a camera

00:37:42.167 --> 00:37:46.143
than it is to carry a gun.

00:37:46.167 --> 00:37:48.743
Even in the five
years that I was there.

00:37:48.767 --> 00:37:51.376
A number of South Sudanese
colleagues were killed or had

00:37:51.400 --> 00:37:54.443
to leave the country.

00:37:54.467 --> 00:37:55.633
Something significant
was at hand.

00:37:56.133 --> 00:37:57.767
And I don't think they're
failed states because the state

00:38:01.233 --> 00:38:04.300
is functioning quite fine for
those that are in leadership,

00:38:05.300 --> 00:38:10.243
the state objective,
though they'll never say it

00:38:10.267 --> 00:38:12.676
is self-enrichment.

00:38:12.700 --> 00:38:16.509
We're talking about oil
companies, mining companies, banks, telecommunications,
gambling...

00:38:16.533 --> 00:38:19.443
It seems that a very small
number of people control a

00:38:19.467 --> 00:38:23.209
large swath of South
Sudan's economy.

00:38:23.233 --> 00:38:25.409
Many of these people are also
the people that are in power.

00:38:25.433 --> 00:38:28.043
I've never seen
anything so brazen.

00:38:28.067 --> 00:38:30.443
A report released
today by The Sentry

00:38:30.467 --> 00:38:33.443
accuses the leaders
who've orchestrated this

00:38:33.467 --> 00:38:36.009
brutality of making billions.

00:38:36.033 --> 00:38:38.376
So we traced the assets of
Salva and Riek and many of their

00:38:38.400 --> 00:38:42.309
allies and found, you know,
they were sitting on top of

00:38:42.333 --> 00:38:46.676
these systems that were
just stealing the country blind.

00:38:46.700 --> 00:38:50.476
This is pretty explosive stuff.

00:38:50.500 --> 00:38:52.076
We're talking about the
president and the ousted

00:38:52.100 --> 00:38:54.709
vice president, along with
all their generals, that we're

00:38:54.733 --> 00:38:57.576
able to prove without any
question that not only are they

00:38:57.600 --> 00:39:01.376
committing these crimes,
which they've already been

00:39:01.400 --> 00:39:04.543
accused of, but that
they're profiting off of it.

00:39:04.567 --> 00:39:07.233
They're competing mafia
organizations, families.

00:39:08.067 --> 00:39:11.300
So this is not a Mickey
Mouse operation.

00:39:11.567 --> 00:39:14.233
They win the right to be
an independent country.

00:39:16.100 --> 00:39:19.067
It has no money in the bank.

00:39:20.467 --> 00:39:22.409
The clock strikes midnight,
and suddenly

00:39:22.433 --> 00:39:25.609
billions of dollars are
flowing in to the Treasury.

00:39:25.633 --> 00:39:29.633
[pulsating music]

00:39:31.500 --> 00:39:33.533
Everything was stolen.

00:39:35.767 --> 00:39:37.143
I don't think a dime

00:39:37.167 --> 00:39:38.643
a penny went into
infrastructure or

00:39:38.667 --> 00:39:43.176
education or anything.

00:39:43.200 --> 00:39:44.600
It was just stolen.

00:39:45.767 --> 00:39:47.343
They have shell companies that
they use their relatives and

00:39:47.367 --> 00:39:50.609
their friends as the boards of
directors, so that their names

00:39:50.633 --> 00:39:53.543
aren't directly on them,
so it seems untraceable.

00:39:53.567 --> 00:39:56.200
These families of
several top officials

00:39:57.267 --> 00:39:59.143
live in million dollar mansions
outside of the country.

00:39:59.167 --> 00:40:02.276
They post videos
partying in hotels,

00:40:02.300 --> 00:40:04.209
driving around in luxury cars.

00:40:04.233 --> 00:40:05.500
I can bury myself
with the dollars.

00:40:08.167 --> 00:40:11.009
Among the Kiir family
getaways is this elegant villa

00:40:11.033 --> 00:40:13.443
in Lavington,

00:40:13.467 --> 00:40:14.576
an upscale community in Nairobi,
Kenya.

00:40:14.600 --> 00:40:17.176
Machar tried to sell
off the country's oil

00:40:17.200 --> 00:40:19.976
to a Russian arms dealer
in return for deadly weapons.

00:40:20.000 --> 00:40:23.376
And now his family stays here,
in Lavington.

00:40:23.400 --> 00:40:26.209
In the same neighborhood
as President Kiir.

00:40:26.233 --> 00:40:29.133
I think it was actually very
hard for the South Sudanese to

00:40:31.067 --> 00:40:33.376
accept the level of
criticism that they got.

00:40:33.400 --> 00:40:35.633
And they seemed quite taken
aback to be held to account or

00:40:35.767 --> 00:40:40.309
criticized for the unimaginable
horrors that they brought

00:40:40.333 --> 00:40:43.476
against their people.

00:40:43.500 --> 00:40:45.100
[pensive music]

00:40:46.333 --> 00:40:49.243
The Sentry, it has started
to veer off completelythe path that it
should have taken.

00:40:49.267 --> 00:40:51.176
South Sudan like any
other country in the world

00:40:51.200 --> 00:40:53.609
has corruption of some kind.

00:40:53.633 --> 00:40:55.509
If the established democracies
in the West wanted to help,

00:40:55.533 --> 00:40:59.109
they should help in trying
to build the institutions.

00:40:59.133 --> 00:41:02.600
The expectation that the
international community were

00:41:02.767 --> 00:41:05.076
responsible for people's
welfare had existed for a

00:41:05.100 --> 00:41:07.976
very long time.

00:41:08.000 --> 00:41:11.609
I mean, I remember one friend
of mine who worked for the U.N.coming out of a meeting
with the cabinet, tearing his

00:41:11.633 --> 00:41:14.676
hair out, saying they really
think it's my responsibility to

00:41:14.700 --> 00:41:18.076
provide them with schools
and roads and hospitals.

00:41:18.100 --> 00:41:20.476
They have no concept
that that's really their job and

00:41:20.500 --> 00:41:24.576
that's what the
oil revenue is for.

00:41:24.600 --> 00:41:26.767
So our problem is money.

00:41:28.233 --> 00:41:29.433
We have no money.

00:41:39.333 --> 00:41:43.576
Right now as we speak,

00:41:43.600 --> 00:41:46.133
a good number of the
population is in exile.

00:41:46.300 --> 00:41:50.643
After war broke out in Juba,

00:41:50.667 --> 00:41:53.043
our people took off
into the refugee camps

00:41:53.067 --> 00:41:57.076
in northern Uganda.

00:41:57.100 --> 00:41:59.267
When you want to run
away from an enemy,

00:42:00.100 --> 00:42:03.309
you also need to be
conscious of your own security

00:42:03.333 --> 00:42:06.176
because you are escaping a
government controlled territory.

00:42:06.200 --> 00:42:09.576
So you don't want to be sighted

00:42:09.600 --> 00:42:11.276
by any government
men in uniform.

00:42:11.300 --> 00:42:14.367
Our borders are not developed.

00:42:15.633 --> 00:42:17.109
It's not like the
Mexican-American border

00:42:17.133 --> 00:42:20.543
that where you
have entry points.

00:42:20.567 --> 00:42:23.633
Every point in the
jungle is an exit point

00:42:24.300 --> 00:42:27.409
because we don't have

00:42:27.433 --> 00:42:28.743
well-established
border securities.

00:42:28.767 --> 00:42:31.309
So you can enter into
Uganda from any point.

00:42:31.333 --> 00:42:35.200
So the only thing to do is

00:42:35.667 --> 00:42:36.976
to go through the
jungles because

00:42:37.000 --> 00:42:38.600
the only thing you can see,
of course, that you cannot hide

00:42:39.633 --> 00:42:41.576
from is the animals
and the birds in there.

00:42:41.600 --> 00:42:43.709
But at least you
would escape from

00:42:43.733 --> 00:42:47.109
government men in uniform.

00:42:47.133 --> 00:42:48.609
And at the same
time even in the jungle,

00:42:48.633 --> 00:42:51.143
you may not want to
meet the rebel force.

00:42:51.167 --> 00:42:53.643
So sometimes you can walk into
a rebel force and they think

00:42:53.667 --> 00:42:56.376
you're a government agent...

00:42:56.400 --> 00:42:58.009
You can also have a problem.

00:42:58.033 --> 00:43:00.333
Women are vulnerable.

00:43:02.067 --> 00:43:04.109
They don't have the
muscles that men have to

00:43:04.133 --> 00:43:05.676
defend themselves. Secondly,

00:43:05.700 --> 00:43:07.143
they can easily be raped

00:43:07.167 --> 00:43:08.376
by force at gunpoint.

00:43:08.400 --> 00:43:10.276
And at the same time,

00:43:10.300 --> 00:43:13.376
also they have children
that they look after. Those are some of the dangers

00:43:13.400 --> 00:43:14.976
but of course, that is

00:43:15.000 --> 00:43:18.333
luck for life,
you try your luck.

00:43:24.733 --> 00:43:29.176
We started our journey.

00:43:29.200 --> 00:43:30.467
[wind whoosing]

00:43:32.133 --> 00:43:35.300
Our journey was no happy time.

00:43:40.433 --> 00:43:44.743
If you come out by the roadside,

00:43:44.767 --> 00:43:46.633
they actually shoot you dead.

00:43:47.333 --> 00:43:49.067
But, going inside the bush,

00:43:51.700 --> 00:43:53.400
it was very, very hard.

00:43:56.033 --> 00:44:00.400
It's only me and my mother.

00:44:01.300 --> 00:44:02.733
My mum would move
slowly, slowly, slowly, slowly.

00:44:10.433 --> 00:44:14.609
The temperature...

00:44:14.633 --> 00:44:15.700
it's really high.

00:44:17.567 --> 00:44:18.633
it was difficult to get water.

00:44:23.400 --> 00:44:28.100
But what will kill me,
is hunger.

00:44:28.567 --> 00:44:30.733
Some died because of hunger.

00:44:34.267 --> 00:44:34.767
[suspenseful music]

00:44:47.600 --> 00:44:52.133
There was wildlife there.

00:44:54.000 --> 00:44:58.176
[branch snapping]

00:44:58.200 --> 00:45:00.000
But, we are used to the bush.

00:45:14.400 --> 00:45:19.143
My mother's condition
was very bad.

00:45:19.167 --> 00:45:21.533
Very, very, very, very bad.

00:45:28.033 --> 00:45:32.376
We rested for some minutes.

00:45:32.400 --> 00:45:34.467
Then, my mother said,

00:45:35.700 --> 00:45:37.300
"You go in the bush,
you go and find something that,

00:45:38.200 --> 00:45:40.667
maybe we could eat."

00:45:41.533 --> 00:45:42.633
What my mother had
in her mind,

00:45:44.633 --> 00:45:47.133
after me leaving her,

00:45:48.667 --> 00:45:50.233
she will kill herself.

00:45:51.033 --> 00:45:52.200
But, I was a very good kid.

00:45:55.667 --> 00:45:57.700
I would tell my mum,
"mum, calm down."

00:46:00.467 --> 00:46:03.567
"God will help us on the way."

00:46:05.000 --> 00:46:09.633
My mum said,
"you can't feel the hunger?"

00:46:10.667 --> 00:46:12.233
I said, "mum,

00:46:15.000 --> 00:46:17.100
what I want
is my life to be secured."

00:46:17.767 --> 00:46:20.233
[drum beating]

00:46:24.433 --> 00:46:26.333
I told my mum,
"let's push ahead."

00:46:29.167 --> 00:46:30.633
[tense music]

00:46:39.367 --> 00:46:43.433
[clapping]

00:46:44.200 --> 00:46:48.167
Bishop Taban wrote an Op-Ed.

00:46:48.567 --> 00:46:51.200
This one had such a
moral vision and clarity

00:46:52.367 --> 00:46:57.100
about what was needed
to build this new country.

00:46:57.333 --> 00:47:00.543
"There must always
come a point," he wrote,

00:47:00.567 --> 00:47:03.343
"when we look forward
and recognize the need

00:47:03.367 --> 00:47:07.243
to stop fighting
over past wrongs

00:47:07.267 --> 00:47:10.609
so we can build
toward a new future."

00:47:10.633 --> 00:47:13.676
When I met with the
President and the leadership,

00:47:13.700 --> 00:47:16.743
they were expxlaining
to me all the reasons

00:47:16.767 --> 00:47:19.576
why they couldn't compromise,

00:47:19.600 --> 00:47:21.543
they couldn't move beyond
the horrors of the past.

00:47:21.567 --> 00:47:25.676
I took out copies of
that Op-Ed

00:47:25.700 --> 00:47:29.533
and I pushed one over
toward President Salva Kiir,

00:47:32.533 --> 00:47:36.733
and I said,
"Before we go any futher,

00:47:37.333 --> 00:47:39.109
I would appreciate
you reading this."

00:47:39.133 --> 00:47:41.576
[tense music]

00:47:41.600 --> 00:47:42.643
And he began to read

00:47:42.667 --> 00:47:44.043
and he looked at the name,
at who wrote it,

00:47:44.067 --> 00:47:46.043
and he looked at me
and he goes,

00:47:46.067 --> 00:47:47.143
"He was a soldier with me!"

00:47:47.167 --> 00:47:50.000
I said, "Yes,
but now he's a man of peace."

00:47:50.267 --> 00:47:52.667
I, too, was a child soldier.

00:47:54.633 --> 00:47:56.667
Our main work as children
was to spy on enemy convoys,

00:47:57.533 --> 00:48:01.976
climb on top of trees

00:48:02.000 --> 00:48:04.976
and then when an
enemy convoy passes by,

00:48:05.000 --> 00:48:07.376
you have to count how
many trucks are there,

00:48:07.400 --> 00:48:10.109
then an ambush is laid

00:48:10.133 --> 00:48:12.043
with a force equivalent to
the force that is in the convoy.

00:48:12.067 --> 00:48:15.267
So many children were
shot down from tops of trees

00:48:15.700 --> 00:48:18.643
in the rebel army.

00:48:18.667 --> 00:48:20.233
That time was really so rough.

00:48:22.233 --> 00:48:24.676
But of course, as a child,
you have no option.

00:48:24.700 --> 00:48:28.609
You are at the mercy of
those who command you.

00:48:28.633 --> 00:48:32.200
I still have a lot of
memories on that.

00:48:33.467 --> 00:48:36.009
[emotional music]

00:48:36.033 --> 00:48:39.476
I don't advocate for war at all.

00:48:39.500 --> 00:48:42.200
[car engine]

00:48:42.467 --> 00:48:46.033
That's why I just want to work
like a crazy man, because I

00:48:46.667 --> 00:48:49.609
believe that our
ancestors labored for it.

00:48:49.633 --> 00:48:53.376
Now we are a nation.

00:48:53.400 --> 00:48:55.143
That's what I want to
hand over.

00:48:55.167 --> 00:48:56.333
Not crisis again.

00:48:59.467 --> 00:49:03.676
I am 64 years old...

00:49:03.700 --> 00:49:05.543
My only worry is that

00:49:05.567 --> 00:49:07.276
how many years, Lord, am I left
with to run this kind of race?

00:49:07.300 --> 00:49:10.543
You know, we need to build,
we need to develop this nation.

00:49:10.567 --> 00:49:14.043
We need to bring
infrastructure.

00:49:14.067 --> 00:49:16.476
So whatever we want to build,

00:49:16.500 --> 00:49:18.143
we want to build on a
ground that we know will last

00:49:18.167 --> 00:49:20.009
without anybody disturbing it.

00:49:20.033 --> 00:49:23.343
That's why it is
crucial at the moment that we can do like what we
are doing with the policing now.

00:49:23.367 --> 00:49:26.176
I don't think Simon
Peter needs to fear.

00:49:26.200 --> 00:49:28.076
He needs to come.

00:49:28.100 --> 00:49:29.476
If he comes,
it will encourage him a lot.

00:49:29.500 --> 00:49:32.643
I would love to see him back
in Southern Sudan, because

00:49:32.667 --> 00:49:35.009
I don't see any reason
why a person like him

00:49:35.033 --> 00:49:37.609
who advocates really
for peace in this country

00:49:37.633 --> 00:49:40.009
should stay outside the country.

00:49:40.033 --> 00:49:44.509
You know we can not wait until
there is 100% peace, because we have to contribute
towards building peace.

00:49:44.533 --> 00:49:47.409
So that's why you see
the police training in Yei.

00:49:47.433 --> 00:49:49.709
It is marvelous.

00:49:49.733 --> 00:49:52.000
[foot stomping]

00:49:53.633 --> 00:49:58.076
[military commands]

00:49:58.100 --> 00:49:59.600
[military commands]

00:50:06.133 --> 00:50:10.400
[ululating and chanting]

00:50:17.100 --> 00:50:18.100
[ululating and singing]

00:50:24.567 --> 00:50:28.333
The people of the world

00:50:29.033 --> 00:50:31.209
they have seen,
they've witnessed

00:50:31.233 --> 00:50:34.367
war in South Sudan.

00:50:35.133 --> 00:50:36.467
Today, they should
believe and trust that

00:50:39.767 --> 00:50:41.976
there's no war again
in South Sudan.

00:50:42.000 --> 00:50:44.333
We are going to
be in this police (force)

00:50:46.467 --> 00:50:49.143
and we need our people to

00:50:49.167 --> 00:50:50.743
come back to South Sudan.

00:50:50.767 --> 00:50:52.433
There is peace.

00:51:03.333 --> 00:51:07.576
Since we met last year,

00:51:07.600 --> 00:51:09.633
yes, we discussed a
lot of things,

00:51:10.767 --> 00:51:13.609
and even I said

00:51:13.633 --> 00:51:17.009
truly, I will not go back.

00:51:17.033 --> 00:51:18.567
I will never go back.

00:51:19.667 --> 00:51:20.600
My house has been destroyed.

00:51:24.633 --> 00:51:27.333
My sister and her children
have been crushed down

00:51:30.033 --> 00:51:34.276
by a tank in Juba City.

00:51:34.300 --> 00:51:38.300
I witnessed them
dead by my eyes.

00:51:41.533 --> 00:51:44.267
The reason why
I'm here in Uganda

00:51:46.233 --> 00:51:49.543
because of fear.

00:51:49.567 --> 00:51:52.167
No one could believe that

00:51:52.567 --> 00:51:54.376
the people of South Sudan

00:51:54.400 --> 00:51:56.276
could come in one place

00:51:56.300 --> 00:51:59.243
at one table to discuss

00:51:59.267 --> 00:52:01.543
peace among themselves.

00:52:01.567 --> 00:52:03.467
But really,
it happened this year.

00:52:03.700 --> 00:52:06.633
At this moment

00:52:07.333 --> 00:52:08.509
they are talking about
the unity of forces

00:52:08.533 --> 00:52:11.643
and they wanted to
bring them together

00:52:11.667 --> 00:52:14.509
for trauma healing
and counseling

00:52:14.533 --> 00:52:18.509
so that they become
as brothers.

00:52:18.533 --> 00:52:22.200
As the wife prepares food

00:52:22.533 --> 00:52:26.743
for her husband
and their children,

00:52:26.767 --> 00:52:30.567
and while they're hungry,

00:52:31.000 --> 00:52:32.543
they just wait.

00:52:32.567 --> 00:52:34.209
And you see their saliva

00:52:34.233 --> 00:52:37.743
because of the
deliciousness of that food.

00:52:37.767 --> 00:52:41.333
The same thing for us

00:52:42.033 --> 00:52:44.343
with our people,

00:52:44.367 --> 00:52:45.509
how eager we are

00:52:45.533 --> 00:52:48.376
smelling that peace,
which is coming,

00:52:48.400 --> 00:52:52.300
and it's just on
the door knocking.

00:52:53.267 --> 00:52:56.333
Let me be a part of that,

00:52:57.600 --> 00:53:00.633
of those who will implement
the peace for our people.

00:53:03.433 --> 00:53:06.533
For the first time

00:53:07.633 --> 00:53:09.367
in Uganda

00:53:10.133 --> 00:53:12.100
I'm willing to go back

00:53:12.400 --> 00:53:15.043
to my country of origin.

00:53:15.067 --> 00:53:17.400
South Sudanese
President Salva Kiir

00:53:19.533 --> 00:53:22.009
and his former vice president,
Riek Machar,

00:53:22.033 --> 00:53:24.509
met in Juba, Monday,

00:53:24.533 --> 00:53:25.976
ahead of the country's
November 12 deadline

00:53:26.000 --> 00:53:28.309
to form a unity government.

00:53:28.333 --> 00:53:30.209
The talks are injecting
new energy into hopes of

00:53:30.233 --> 00:53:33.209
implementing the
peace agreement.

00:53:33.233 --> 00:53:35.300
And finally, South Sudan's
President Salva Kiir and

00:53:38.133 --> 00:53:41.143
opposition leader Riek Machar

00:53:41.167 --> 00:53:42.676
reached a deal to end more
than four years of civil war.

00:53:42.700 --> 00:53:46.609
To me it's the start
of a new phase.

00:53:46.633 --> 00:53:50.100
[hopeful music]

00:53:59.567 --> 00:54:03.667
[ululating]

00:54:09.533 --> 00:54:13.733
[music continues]

00:54:29.233 --> 00:54:33.433
If I'm to go back,

00:54:33.633 --> 00:54:35.000
I'd want a new leader

00:54:38.100 --> 00:54:39.700
with new organizations,

00:54:41.633 --> 00:54:44.300
with new soldiers.

00:54:45.300 --> 00:54:46.700
Everything should change.

00:54:48.733 --> 00:54:50.733
Yeah.

00:54:54.567 --> 00:54:59.143
It's my country, but I hate it.

00:54:59.167 --> 00:55:01.167
I don't think I'll be
able to go soon.

00:55:06.333 --> 00:55:07.267
Maybe

00:55:10.333 --> 00:55:11.400
if I'll forgive and forget.

00:55:14.500 --> 00:55:15.433
We reached a place

00:55:19.767 --> 00:55:23.200
there is no home there,
everything is just -it's a forest actually.

00:55:23.733 --> 00:55:25.200
[pensive music]

00:55:31.633 --> 00:55:36.667
There is no water you can drink,
we were almost dying.

00:55:40.500 --> 00:55:45.500
There was some drunkard man
who came from the bush.

00:55:48.300 --> 00:55:52.509
This man had water.

00:55:52.533 --> 00:55:56.467
That man was also carrying a gun
for shooting animals.

00:55:58.033 --> 00:55:59.233
This man told us,
"You,

00:56:02.400 --> 00:56:04.533
what are you guys doing?"

00:56:04.667 --> 00:56:06.333
I told this man, "we are
looking for ways to survive."

00:56:10.100 --> 00:56:11.667
When you meet
someone new in life,

00:56:14.633 --> 00:56:16.467
you won't know exactly

00:56:17.133 --> 00:56:19.300
what that person
has in their heart.

00:56:20.233 --> 00:56:22.233
When someone shows,
his smiling face for you,

00:56:25.700 --> 00:56:28.633
you can't know whether
this person is good or bad.

00:56:33.533 --> 00:56:37.700
But, at that moment,
that drunkard helped us.

00:56:38.700 --> 00:56:42.267
He took us to his home.

00:56:43.167 --> 00:56:45.000
[pensive music]

00:56:57.400 --> 00:57:01.609
My mother taught me

00:57:01.633 --> 00:57:03.100
when things are going
to happen,

00:57:04.700 --> 00:57:06.367
what type of a kid
I'm supposed to be.

00:57:12.333 --> 00:57:16.709
His wife, she had a kind heart.

00:57:16.733 --> 00:57:20.133
She told me, every person
her husband meets...

00:57:23.567 --> 00:57:26.767
He could bring such a person,
with welcoming hands.

00:57:28.600 --> 00:57:32.533
And after,
he kills and eats.

00:57:33.200 --> 00:57:36.467
[dramatic music]

00:57:44.267 --> 00:57:48.509
So, the wife told me,

00:57:48.533 --> 00:57:50.409
"This man loves me so much,

00:57:50.433 --> 00:57:52.733
so, try and show him,
that you'll also kill me."

00:57:56.233 --> 00:57:57.167
That's when we got the idea.

00:58:01.367 --> 00:58:03.100
[dramatic music]

00:58:09.233 --> 00:58:13.367
I got a knife.

00:58:15.533 --> 00:58:19.743
I collared the wife.

00:58:19.767 --> 00:58:21.233
When this man pulled
my mum out...

00:58:25.367 --> 00:58:29.467
I told this man,

00:58:30.567 --> 00:58:32.309
"If you're tough, kill my mum
and I'll kill your wife."

00:58:32.333 --> 00:58:33.300
This man said
that I'm lying.

00:58:41.100 --> 00:58:46.076
I also got the kids and said,
"I will kill them."

00:58:46.100 --> 00:58:48.300
"I will slaughter them."

00:58:49.367 --> 00:58:52.743
"You'll kill two of us,
but five of you are dead."

00:58:52.767 --> 00:58:57.476
This man realised
that I was so tough.

00:58:57.500 --> 00:58:59.533
[dramatic music]

00:59:03.733 --> 00:59:08.167
He then left my mum.

00:59:13.633 --> 00:59:18.409
That is how
I saved my mum that time.

00:59:18.433 --> 00:59:20.733
[heart beating]

00:59:21.267 --> 00:59:23.167
[tense music]

00:59:32.700 --> 00:59:37.143
We talked to Ali Karty

00:59:37.167 --> 00:59:38.509
Sudan's Foreign Minister

00:59:38.533 --> 00:59:40.276
just a few weeks ago.

00:59:40.300 --> 00:59:41.576
And he said, I quote,
we knew they were not

00:59:41.600 --> 00:59:44.343
ready for independence.

00:59:44.367 --> 00:59:46.643
And he was right, wasn't he?

00:59:46.667 --> 00:59:48.500
On the very day East
African leaders set

00:59:49.267 --> 00:59:52.243
as the deadline for a ceasefire,

00:59:52.267 --> 00:59:54.543
heavy fighting has broken
out in the town of Bor.

00:59:54.567 --> 00:59:57.576
Ceasefires in South Sudan's
civil war tend to be short.

00:59:57.600 --> 01:00:01.476
Only one has lasted
longer than a month.

01:00:01.500 --> 01:00:04.500
All anybody wanted was
just a quick and easy solution.

01:00:04.733 --> 01:00:07.409
But in all of this discussion

01:00:07.433 --> 01:00:09.243
a much more fundamental
issue was overlooked,

01:00:09.267 --> 01:00:11.643
which was that it was
an absolutely terrible idea

01:00:11.667 --> 01:00:14.143
to put two opposing armies

01:00:14.167 --> 01:00:15.976
in a very small
capital city together.

01:00:16.000 --> 01:00:18.376
President Salva Kiir and
rebel leader Riek Machar

01:00:18.400 --> 01:00:20.609
celebrated the peace deal...

01:00:20.633 --> 01:00:25.367
...the permanant ceasefire
pact has already been violated. I was not hopeful at all.

01:00:25.567 --> 01:00:29.443
This was not the first
time that the leaders ofSouth Sudan had
signed ceasefires.

01:00:29.467 --> 01:00:31.300
And none of these ceasefire
agreements have held.

01:00:38.167 --> 01:00:42.509
Today, Simon Peter is back.

01:00:42.533 --> 01:00:46.300
It is a very special
day for us in Yei.

01:00:48.100 --> 01:00:50.033
Clear indicators that we
are for peace, not war.

01:00:56.767 --> 01:01:00.667
[ululating and cheering]

01:01:07.233 --> 01:01:11.500
[ululating and singing]

01:01:37.667 --> 01:01:42.000
[brooding music]

01:01:43.300 --> 01:01:47.767
I have been out
in refugee camps.

01:01:48.267 --> 01:01:51.133
But today I'm really in my home,

01:01:52.667 --> 01:01:56.343
Yei.

01:01:56.367 --> 01:01:58.200
What had happened
in our country,

01:01:59.733 --> 01:02:02.133
is just the leaders

01:02:03.033 --> 01:02:05.333
they fought.

01:02:05.767 --> 01:02:07.667
There is...

01:02:08.500 --> 01:02:11.033
an example we use
and I quote it, just...

01:02:12.767 --> 01:02:16.200
if the elephants fight,

01:02:16.500 --> 01:02:19.509
the grasses will suffer.

01:02:19.533 --> 01:02:22.309
We are grasses.

01:02:22.333 --> 01:02:24.367
Tomorrow they will
benefit and we will lose.

01:02:25.067 --> 01:02:29.009
OK.

01:02:29.033 --> 01:02:30.267
And the children
that are going to die

01:02:31.467 --> 01:02:35.643
are our children.

01:02:35.667 --> 01:02:37.400
But when I came in Yei

01:02:38.433 --> 01:02:40.409
I found different things.

01:02:40.433 --> 01:02:42.376
The leaderships

01:02:42.400 --> 01:02:45.267
who are in Yei,

01:02:46.100 --> 01:02:47.700
they try at least to show them

01:02:48.700 --> 01:02:52.076
that gun is to
protect your nation.

01:02:52.100 --> 01:02:55.567
I have seen my people.

01:02:58.133 --> 01:02:59.167
It looks like the grass

01:03:02.400 --> 01:03:05.733
is growing again.

01:03:12.567 --> 01:03:17.343
Since 2005,
the leaders of South Sudan

01:03:17.367 --> 01:03:20.176
have been getting
everything wrong.

01:03:20.200 --> 01:03:22.367
We had oil money.

01:03:23.067 --> 01:03:24.467
We were getting about
$400 Million per month.

01:03:24.700 --> 01:03:27.500
It was enough for us to

01:03:29.167 --> 01:03:30.443
build a new future
for South Sudan.

01:03:30.467 --> 01:03:33.333
With all the resources
that they received,

01:03:35.067 --> 01:03:36.609
they never built a single road.

01:03:36.633 --> 01:03:38.400
Of course, we cannot
take away their credit-

01:03:40.067 --> 01:03:42.309
that they fought and they
led the liberation struggle

01:03:42.333 --> 01:03:45.376
to bring the country
to where it is.

01:03:45.400 --> 01:03:47.276
But what they are able to

01:03:47.300 --> 01:03:48.676
contribute has
reached the maximum

01:03:48.700 --> 01:03:50.709
that their own
ability can provide.

01:03:50.733 --> 01:03:52.643
So, this is the right time now

01:03:52.667 --> 01:03:54.509
for this generation to remember.

01:03:54.533 --> 01:03:56.043
Because when we were
these children of war,

01:03:56.067 --> 01:03:59.209
it was those of
Salva Kiir himself

01:03:59.233 --> 01:04:01.543
that used to come and tell us,

01:04:01.567 --> 01:04:03.676
"You are the future of tomorrow.

01:04:03.700 --> 01:04:05.476
You're the seeds of South Sudan.

01:04:05.500 --> 01:04:07.143
Time will come when the movement

01:04:07.167 --> 01:04:08.476
and the country will need you.

01:04:08.500 --> 01:04:10.076
So, you go to school.

01:04:10.100 --> 01:04:11.609
Study. You learn your history.

01:04:11.633 --> 01:04:13.976
You develop better ideas for

01:04:14.000 --> 01:04:15.509
how this country
can move forward."

01:04:15.533 --> 01:04:18.043
Well, guess what?

01:04:18.067 --> 01:04:20.467
We are able to
provide that vision that our leaders are
unable to provide.

01:04:22.533 --> 01:04:23.700
Well, yes I mean that's
what's happening here.

01:04:27.433 --> 01:04:29.343
There's a concern, there's
a fear that if you speak out

01:04:29.367 --> 01:04:32.043
that if the government finds
out that you could be targeted,

01:04:32.067 --> 01:04:34.309
you could be detained.

01:04:34.333 --> 01:04:35.243
Peter Biar Ajak was arrested

01:04:35.267 --> 01:04:37.243
in South Sudan on July the 28th.

01:04:37.267 --> 01:04:39.343
He's a youth advocate for peace,

01:04:39.367 --> 01:04:41.176
and a friend and
inspiration to many

01:04:41.200 --> 01:04:43.509
who know him
around the world.

01:04:43.533 --> 01:04:46.276
He's currently being
held without chargeat the notorious
South Sudanese prison

01:04:46.300 --> 01:04:48.476
known as Blue House.

01:04:48.500 --> 01:04:50.143
People we interviewed

01:04:50.167 --> 01:04:51.609
told us of beatings,

01:04:51.633 --> 01:04:53.143
being hung upside
down from a rope,

01:04:53.167 --> 01:04:55.476
shocked with electricity,

01:04:55.500 --> 01:04:57.976
pierced with needles.

01:04:58.000 --> 01:04:59.543
Detainees are
sometimes held for months

01:04:59.567 --> 01:05:01.309
or years,

01:05:01.333 --> 01:05:02.543
without charge or trial

01:05:02.567 --> 01:05:04.976
or access to their
lawyers or families.

01:05:05.000 --> 01:05:07.300
[ominous music]

01:05:07.667 --> 01:05:10.500
It's time to free
Peter Biar Ajak now.

01:05:11.133 --> 01:05:15.176
Many of us have now
signed the petition-

01:05:15.200 --> 01:05:16.543
I think it's now
reached 65,000 people,

01:05:16.567 --> 01:05:19.643
but if you've not signed
this and you're watchiing this,

01:05:19.667 --> 01:05:22.076
please sign this and make
sure that we can bring Peter

01:05:22.100 --> 01:05:24.476
back to his family.

01:05:24.500 --> 01:05:25.767
[melancholic music]

01:05:38.233 --> 01:05:42.467
[indistinct talking]

01:05:46.067 --> 01:05:50.176
So, currently,

01:05:50.200 --> 01:05:52.409
they are going
to distribute to you

01:05:52.433 --> 01:05:55.167
some colored pencils
and some plain papers.

01:05:57.033 --> 01:06:00.333
So what you will draw

01:06:01.300 --> 01:06:03.709
is all about what you
remember from South Sudan,

01:06:03.733 --> 01:06:08.233
and it may either
be good or bad.

01:06:10.067 --> 01:06:13.133
You can remember about
how South Sudan was beautiful.

01:06:17.400 --> 01:06:19.133
This is my home village.

01:06:21.667 --> 01:06:24.476
In Yei. Kogulu Forrest.

01:06:24.500 --> 01:06:27.500
[atmospheric music]

01:06:28.367 --> 01:06:29.433
This is my father.

01:06:32.667 --> 01:06:35.267
He was someone
who loves eating fruits.

01:06:35.400 --> 01:06:39.400
You can remember how
South Sudan became bad.

01:06:41.667 --> 01:06:46.109
Just what you remember.

01:06:46.133 --> 01:06:48.243
And this is where
the war started.

01:06:48.267 --> 01:06:51.509
I hid myself here,
in this forrest.

01:06:51.533 --> 01:06:53.367
I stayed there for two months.

01:06:54.367 --> 01:06:56.000
[atmospheric music]

01:06:56.133 --> 01:06:57.667
So this is our
village called Omugo.

01:06:58.000 --> 01:07:01.100
So this is really
just what I have seen.

01:07:02.200 --> 01:07:04.500
There's soldiers in the bush.

01:07:06.600 --> 01:07:08.609
In this one they are
shooting someone

01:07:08.633 --> 01:07:10.409
when the person is running.

01:07:10.433 --> 01:07:12.367
And this is a woman
carrying a baby

01:07:14.200 --> 01:07:16.443
with the luggage on her head.

01:07:16.467 --> 01:07:19.100
She is running.

01:07:26.467 --> 01:07:30.576
So this guy went

01:07:30.600 --> 01:07:32.709
and was slaughtered

01:07:32.733 --> 01:07:34.443
by the roadside.

01:07:34.467 --> 01:07:36.000
This one is a
house that is burning

01:07:38.700 --> 01:07:41.343
and this one these
are the dead bodies

01:07:41.367 --> 01:07:44.276
of people who
have been killed.

01:07:44.300 --> 01:07:46.533
[atmospheric music]

01:07:51.667 --> 01:07:56.543
There are many people
who lost their lives.

01:07:56.567 --> 01:07:58.509
So, this is what I
have taken from it.

01:07:58.533 --> 01:08:01.200
There's a growing body
of literature and research

01:08:03.600 --> 01:08:06.709
that shows childhood trauma can

01:08:06.733 --> 01:08:09.476
increase the chance of
developing PTSD as an adult,

01:08:09.500 --> 01:08:13.176
increase obesity,
increase high blood pressure,

01:08:13.200 --> 01:08:16.109
metabolic syndrome,

01:08:16.133 --> 01:08:17.443
pain, addiction, depression..

01:08:17.467 --> 01:08:19.543
So, sustaining trauma
during childhood

01:08:19.567 --> 01:08:21.509
leaves some marks

01:08:21.533 --> 01:08:23.976
that can affect a person
for their whole life.

01:08:24.000 --> 01:08:25.133
In war zones it just
gets all thrown off.

01:08:28.633 --> 01:08:32.109
They're lost generations
after lost generations

01:08:32.133 --> 01:08:35.209
who are fighting
for six decades.

01:08:35.233 --> 01:08:38.033
Even our President,
he was a child in it.

01:08:39.100 --> 01:08:41.700
He saw things at a very
young age that definitely

01:08:43.000 --> 01:08:46.443
would traumatize
any regular person.

01:08:46.467 --> 01:08:49.533
During the civil war,

01:08:50.367 --> 01:08:54.576
Kiir would literally order
people to be put into sacks, and thrown into the river,
or hacked into pieces.

01:08:54.600 --> 01:08:58.633
That's the work that
he did for two decades.

01:08:59.567 --> 01:09:02.000
And then when
the conflict ended,

01:09:03.267 --> 01:09:05.076
there was no real truth
and reconciliation process,

01:09:05.100 --> 01:09:08.400
there was no healing.

01:09:08.633 --> 01:09:10.609
Yeah, he has been going through

01:09:10.633 --> 01:09:12.176
trauma, and trauma,
and trauma, and trauma...

01:09:12.200 --> 01:09:15.209
[melancholic music]

01:09:15.233 --> 01:09:17.409
A person with PTSD can be

01:09:17.433 --> 01:09:19.376
on-edge all the time,
hyper-aroused.

01:09:19.400 --> 01:09:21.343
Basically the brain is
in fight or flight mode.

01:09:21.367 --> 01:09:24.743
We, across
different studies,

01:09:24.767 --> 01:09:27.343
see the same
changes in the brain

01:09:27.367 --> 01:09:30.376
whether it's a child or an adult

01:09:30.400 --> 01:09:32.143
or whether it's a veteran,
or police,

01:09:32.167 --> 01:09:35.167
or a refugee, or a victim
of rape in an urban area.

01:09:36.667 --> 01:09:39.467
This tiny part of the brain

01:09:41.233 --> 01:09:43.209
hijacks the entire brain

01:09:43.233 --> 01:09:45.376
to make it feel
afraid all the time-

01:09:45.400 --> 01:09:48.100
even when there's not
really any danger around.

01:09:49.533 --> 01:09:51.433
Trauma itself is very common

01:09:54.100 --> 01:09:56.076
and we know that
it's a global issue

01:09:56.100 --> 01:09:57.609
and we know that it has
significant consequences.

01:09:57.633 --> 01:10:00.576
But we also know that the
consequences of trauma

01:10:00.600 --> 01:10:04.109
are very treatable.

01:10:04.133 --> 01:10:05.743
Whether it's at the individual
level or at the global level,

01:10:05.767 --> 01:10:10.043
doing what we call
trauma-focused therapy

01:10:10.067 --> 01:10:13.333
is really where you
break that vicious cycle.

01:10:14.267 --> 01:10:16.467
[rhythmic music]

01:10:19.133 --> 01:10:21.267
Last year's peace deal

01:10:23.400 --> 01:10:26.376
signed between
President Salva Kiir and Opposition
Leader Riek Machar

01:10:26.400 --> 01:10:28.176
stipulated that a new government

01:10:28.200 --> 01:10:29.409
be formed by May.

01:10:29.433 --> 01:10:31.067
Attempts at peace

01:10:32.233 --> 01:10:33.176
overseen by regional mediators

01:10:33.200 --> 01:10:35.576
have often failed.

01:10:35.600 --> 01:10:37.176
That deadline was
extended to November

01:10:37.200 --> 01:10:39.109
so all sides could settle
on security arrangements

01:10:39.133 --> 01:10:41.509
and the number of
states in the country.

01:10:41.533 --> 01:10:44.176
When we made the extension,
it was clear

01:10:44.200 --> 01:10:46.043
and we had agreed

01:10:46.067 --> 01:10:47.743
that no more extensions.

01:10:47.767 --> 01:10:49.667
Come twelfth November, we
are setting up the government.

01:11:02.167 --> 01:11:06.543
Today, today, that was the day

01:11:06.567 --> 01:11:08.976
the government of national unity

01:11:09.000 --> 01:11:10.743
was supposed to be formed today.

01:11:10.767 --> 01:11:12.667
There were things that were
supposed to be put in place

01:11:14.467 --> 01:11:17.509
so that the government
would be formed.

01:11:17.533 --> 01:11:19.143
These things were
not done

01:11:19.167 --> 01:11:22.176
because they were the
ones who was supposed tomake sure their
forces are united,

01:11:22.200 --> 01:11:24.667
the issues of the border
have been put in place,

01:11:25.433 --> 01:11:28.543
but there are so many things
that have not been done.

01:11:28.567 --> 01:11:30.576
The government
has not done them.

01:11:30.600 --> 01:11:32.309
When South Sudan
became independent in 2011,

01:11:32.333 --> 01:11:35.476
we just thought we can move
ahead without addressing trauma,

01:11:35.500 --> 01:11:39.276
and that is why we
have gone back to zero.

01:11:39.300 --> 01:11:41.976
And the truth is, everyone is
traumatized in South Sudan,

01:11:42.000 --> 01:11:45.009
including the leaders.

01:11:45.033 --> 01:11:46.576
I am saying this problem
was for two people

01:11:46.600 --> 01:11:50.143
discussing politically

01:11:50.167 --> 01:11:51.609
and because these two
people were not able to agree

01:11:51.633 --> 01:11:54.476
that is why the
country is in a mess,

01:11:54.500 --> 01:11:56.743
because of that level
of trauma.

01:11:56.767 --> 01:11:59.433
What we are going
to do next,

01:12:00.000 --> 01:12:01.076
we are going to
give you these notes.

01:12:01.100 --> 01:12:02.709
Are you ready to take?

01:12:02.733 --> 01:12:04.009
Yes.

01:12:04.033 --> 01:12:05.167
[indistinct talking]

01:12:06.600 --> 01:12:08.033
[playful sounds]

01:12:17.200 --> 01:12:21.443
Does everyone have it?

01:12:21.467 --> 01:12:23.600
If you have your copy

01:12:24.200 --> 01:12:26.743
can you do like
this so that I see? Yes.

01:12:26.767 --> 01:12:28.167
OK, good.

01:12:29.433 --> 01:12:31.000
Trauma can be defined
as an injury to the mind,

01:12:31.367 --> 01:12:34.376
body and spirit.

01:12:34.400 --> 01:12:36.143
There must be an event.

01:12:36.167 --> 01:12:38.543
In South Sudan, our
trauma is not just one event.

01:12:38.567 --> 01:12:42.676
We have escaped death
again and again and again.

01:12:42.700 --> 01:12:46.209
For me,

01:12:46.233 --> 01:12:47.309
I cannot even count,

01:12:47.333 --> 01:12:48.443
maybe ten times I
have escaped death.

01:12:48.467 --> 01:12:51.133
If you have escaped
death several times,

01:12:51.367 --> 01:12:54.300
put up your hand.

01:12:56.733 --> 01:13:01.309
You see, that means all of us

01:13:01.333 --> 01:13:03.643
more than once.

01:13:03.667 --> 01:13:04.743
If you escaped death just once

01:13:04.767 --> 01:13:07.209
and you are South Sudanese

01:13:07.233 --> 01:13:08.176
put up your hand.

01:13:08.200 --> 01:13:09.709
[soft melancholic music]

01:13:09.733 --> 01:13:12.043
Everyone in South Sudan

01:13:12.067 --> 01:13:14.009
is suffering from trauma.

01:13:14.033 --> 01:13:15.767
It's not once, it's many times.

01:13:16.700 --> 01:13:19.167
This must be addressed

01:13:20.200 --> 01:13:22.276
to restore hope

01:13:22.300 --> 01:13:23.309
and rebuild our nation.

01:13:23.333 --> 01:13:25.433
So who wants to share?

01:13:25.567 --> 01:13:27.409
I know that you, before here,

01:13:27.433 --> 01:13:29.143
everyone wanted to talk.

01:13:29.167 --> 01:13:30.767
(indistinct talking)

01:13:35.233 --> 01:13:40.143
There was a use of a
chemical weapon back home.

01:13:40.167 --> 01:13:43.567
I fell a victim of
that chemical.

01:13:43.733 --> 01:13:45.533
I went blind for
two good months.

01:13:46.467 --> 01:13:49.267
Someone has to pull me.

01:13:49.400 --> 01:13:51.267
(indistinct talking)

01:13:55.433 --> 01:13:59.667
(indistinct talking)

01:14:05.367 --> 01:14:09.600
(indistinct talking)

01:14:15.700 --> 01:14:20.133
(indistinct talking)

01:14:23.267 --> 01:14:27.576
Yeah, thank you very much.

01:14:27.600 --> 01:14:29.033
Any other person?

01:14:29.567 --> 01:14:30.467
Anybody who wanted to share.

01:14:32.167 --> 01:14:33.333
Yasmin, welcome.

01:14:40.500 --> 01:14:45.009
Good afternoon, everyone.

01:14:45.033 --> 01:14:46.400
I used to call myself a savior

01:14:49.200 --> 01:14:51.633
becasue I don't want to
see somebody suffering.

01:14:53.533 --> 01:14:54.200
But time came.

01:14:59.333 --> 01:15:00.133
I got a problem.

01:15:03.467 --> 01:15:04.767
And there was
no one to save me.

01:15:12.500 --> 01:15:16.743
Remembering the past...

01:15:16.767 --> 01:15:18.200
it makes me feel bad.

01:15:21.367 --> 01:15:22.367
I even don't want to remember

01:15:25.767 --> 01:15:27.467
...what happened.
Because, if I remember again,

01:15:31.600 --> 01:15:33.700
[brooding music]

01:15:35.733 --> 01:15:38.700
it makes my mind not rest.

01:15:45.567 --> 01:15:50.300
We can take a
break if you'd like.

01:15:54.067 --> 01:15:58.009
No.

01:15:58.033 --> 01:15:59.100
We were almost dying.

01:16:02.167 --> 01:16:03.400
We went until
we reached the roadside.

01:16:06.033 --> 01:16:09.367
The road going to Uganda.

01:16:13.500 --> 01:16:18.076
Some were killed on that road.

01:16:18.100 --> 01:16:20.000
[pensive music]

01:16:29.533 --> 01:16:33.367
That's when we saw
a vehicle coming.

01:16:53.700 --> 01:16:58.400
They were soldiers
of South Sudan.

01:17:03.067 --> 01:17:07.200
They told us,

01:17:08.267 --> 01:17:11.467
"You lady, where are you going
with this child?"She said, "we don't know
where we are going, but...

01:17:13.133 --> 01:17:15.600
I want to secure my daughter."

01:17:16.533 --> 01:17:18.333
They promised they were going
to take us to a safe place.

01:17:25.067 --> 01:17:28.733
We started
the journey with them.

01:17:30.067 --> 01:17:31.400
We told them
all about our story.

01:17:34.567 --> 01:17:36.400
What happened.

01:17:43.233 --> 01:17:47.476
They were studying us.

01:17:47.500 --> 01:17:48.600
Me, I looked different.

01:18:00.100 --> 01:18:04.409
They stopped the vehicle.

01:18:04.433 --> 01:18:06.267
[footsteps]

01:18:07.367 --> 01:18:10.100
They started talking.

01:18:11.667 --> 01:18:13.067
We kept quiet.

01:18:14.200 --> 01:18:15.400
Their moods changed.

01:18:17.233 --> 01:18:18.467
"Where are we going with this
brown kid?"

01:18:20.400 --> 01:18:23.533
"This Arab girl?"

01:18:24.600 --> 01:18:26.533
"Where are we going with her?"

01:18:27.000 --> 01:18:28.267
If we can remember,

01:18:29.367 --> 01:18:30.733
those days back,

01:18:31.667 --> 01:18:32.767
their people tortured us.

01:18:33.533 --> 01:18:35.667
We have to kill this girl.

01:18:37.300 --> 01:18:38.767
They grabbed me.

01:18:41.067 --> 01:18:42.200
[dramatic music]

01:18:43.533 --> 01:18:45.533
I was collared, slapped, kicked,
until I fell down.

01:18:53.600 --> 01:18:58.143
My mother started shouting.

01:18:58.167 --> 01:18:59.567
"Where are you taking my child?"

01:19:02.667 --> 01:19:07.109
They started beating us.

01:19:07.133 --> 01:19:08.333
We are crying...

01:19:11.367 --> 01:19:15.200
I was crying, let them leave me,
let me go to my mother. My body was full of blood.

01:19:17.133 --> 01:19:18.200
Those people said,

01:19:22.400 --> 01:19:26.009
"If you don't want us
to kill your daughter,give us thirty million."

01:19:26.033 --> 01:19:29.067
My mother said,
"can't you see me?"

01:19:30.667 --> 01:19:34.133
I am lame.

01:19:34.567 --> 01:19:35.767
I don't have that money."

01:19:36.533 --> 01:19:38.000
I kept quiet.

01:19:39.667 --> 01:19:41.000
"If you don't give us
that money,

01:19:42.367 --> 01:19:44.100
you are going to give yourself."

01:19:46.233 --> 01:19:50.343
My mother said,

01:19:50.367 --> 01:19:51.500
"Before, take my kid away,
let her go."

01:19:55.200 --> 01:19:59.209
So these men carried
my mum to the forest.

01:19:59.233 --> 01:20:01.509
They wanted to go and kill her.

01:20:01.533 --> 01:20:03.233
My mother told me,

01:20:06.000 --> 01:20:10.333
"Go, I don't know
what will happen to me. Go."[dramatic ominous music]

01:20:27.233 --> 01:20:31.333
[screaming]

01:20:32.233 --> 01:20:33.567
[running]

01:20:36.300 --> 01:20:38.667
But, I hid myself
behind a bush."

01:20:44.333 --> 01:20:45.300
There were many.
There were eleven.

01:20:49.033 --> 01:20:51.367
So, all of them
were surrounding my mum.

01:20:52.233 --> 01:20:54.500
My mum said, "Please, you guys,
don't kill me."

01:20:56.300 --> 01:20:59.333
They gave my mum a slap...

01:21:00.567 --> 01:21:02.333
three times my mother fainted.

01:21:04.667 --> 01:21:05.567
[tense music]

01:21:17.500 --> 01:21:22.267
The fear in me,
I became so confused.

01:21:23.400 --> 01:21:26.100
My mother told me,

01:21:27.600 --> 01:21:29.167
"Promise me, you will not
tell what happened."

01:21:30.133 --> 01:21:33.500
I promised
in front of my mother.

01:21:34.667 --> 01:21:37.133
Nobody will know that secret.

01:21:39.033 --> 01:21:41.100
[tense music]

01:21:57.267 --> 01:22:01.667
I don't know how I can put it.

01:22:03.167 --> 01:22:04.200
Let me be...

01:22:09.400 --> 01:22:13.976
My only worry was my daughter.

01:22:14.000 --> 01:22:16.400
[tense music]

01:22:19.267 --> 01:22:23.076
All eleven soldiers

01:22:23.100 --> 01:22:25.100
slept with me.

01:22:27.267 --> 01:22:28.600
I thought she ran.

01:22:31.167 --> 01:22:33.067
She did not go.

01:22:34.300 --> 01:22:36.533
She hid herself.

01:22:45.367 --> 01:22:49.433
Imagine...

01:22:50.233 --> 01:22:51.300
a nine year-old girl

01:22:54.467 --> 01:22:56.333
seeing what is being
done to her mother.

01:23:01.733 --> 01:23:06.109
The last one said,

01:23:06.133 --> 01:23:10.200
"I cannot sleep
with a dead body." So, they started running.

01:23:16.300 --> 01:23:20.409
I even told her,

01:23:20.433 --> 01:23:22.333
"I want you to promise me

01:23:24.600 --> 01:23:26.609
that you will never

01:23:26.633 --> 01:23:29.443
tell anyone

01:23:29.467 --> 01:23:31.033
about what you saw."

01:23:39.300 --> 01:23:43.500
Let me be strong.

01:23:43.733 --> 01:23:46.567
Because I don't want women

01:23:48.267 --> 01:23:51.476
to remain behind.

01:23:51.500 --> 01:23:53.976
They are too shy.

01:23:54.000 --> 01:23:57.067
When something happens to them,

01:23:57.700 --> 01:24:00.767
they keep quiet.

01:24:02.033 --> 01:24:05.276
They feel that they
are being abandoned,

01:24:05.300 --> 01:24:08.276
they are useless,

01:24:08.300 --> 01:24:11.333
as I also felt I was useless.

01:24:13.767 --> 01:24:14.667
But,

01:24:17.733 --> 01:24:20.709
I'm strong-hearted,
and I'm not useless.

01:24:20.733 --> 01:24:24.643
Before the trauma healing,

01:24:24.667 --> 01:24:27.733
I normally said
Dinkas are the causes.

01:24:29.133 --> 01:24:32.076
Every time,
each day I go to get my food

01:24:32.100 --> 01:24:35.100
I make sure I quarrel,
I abuse them, we fight.

01:24:37.600 --> 01:24:39.100
I wanted to become a leader here

01:24:42.200 --> 01:24:44.076
so that I could put them down.

01:24:44.100 --> 01:24:46.609
But, when I got the
trauma healing message,

01:24:46.633 --> 01:24:49.700
I think my heart is
now a bit relieved.

01:24:50.467 --> 01:24:53.600
[clapping]

01:24:55.100 --> 01:24:58.567
[brooding music]

01:24:59.233 --> 01:25:00.533
I carried my mum
with all my energy.

01:25:02.200 --> 01:25:04.500
I carried my mum fast.

01:25:08.433 --> 01:25:12.309
I ran at the roadside.

01:25:12.333 --> 01:25:14.000
A vehicle came.

01:25:15.467 --> 01:25:16.567
My mother's blood was flowing.

01:25:19.767 --> 01:25:21.533
So, they had to carry my mum
in an ambulance.

01:25:22.067 --> 01:25:24.333
[sirens]

01:25:25.433 --> 01:25:28.567
My mother is laying
between life and death.

01:25:35.133 --> 01:25:39.233
I lost hope.

01:25:41.367 --> 01:25:45.609
But, she called my name.

01:25:45.633 --> 01:25:47.167
That's when,
I really knew.

01:25:48.100 --> 01:25:51.000
She was alive.

01:25:52.667 --> 01:25:53.533
So, those people told my mum,

01:25:57.267 --> 01:25:59.500
"Let me take you to Rhino Camp."

01:26:00.067 --> 01:26:01.567
That's when we reached Uganda.

01:26:06.600 --> 01:26:10.643
That's where she was treated.

01:26:10.667 --> 01:26:12.100
[sirens]

01:26:26.133 --> 01:26:30.400
[singing and ululating]

01:26:58.700 --> 01:27:03.167
[singing and ululating]

01:27:30.400 --> 01:27:34.667
Well done, Big Susie!

01:27:35.067 --> 01:27:37.333
Now, how was it?

01:27:39.200 --> 01:27:40.709
Very nice.

01:27:40.733 --> 01:27:42.209
[ululating]

01:27:42.233 --> 01:27:44.000
Yeah,
so when I got out of prison,

01:27:45.333 --> 01:27:48.076
the first part was then
immediately then try to then

01:27:48.100 --> 01:27:51.609
pull me back into
the government.

01:27:51.633 --> 01:27:53.976
You know,
to bribe me.

01:27:54.000 --> 01:27:56.209
And, you know, appeal to
me with this Dinka narrative

01:27:56.233 --> 01:27:59.443
saying all of these thing,
that, you know,

01:27:59.467 --> 01:28:02.343
their "Prodigal Son,"

01:28:02.367 --> 01:28:03.509
and I can always
be welcomed back.

01:28:03.533 --> 01:28:05.543
but I have to be quiet,

01:28:05.567 --> 01:28:07.409
I have to tone it down,
and all of that stuff...

01:28:07.433 --> 01:28:10.233
But I'm not gonna do that.

01:28:11.200 --> 01:28:12.409
[suspenseful music]

01:28:12.433 --> 01:28:14.509
The president is getting
more and more paranoid.

01:28:14.533 --> 01:28:18.309
He thinks I'm mobilizing youth.

01:28:18.333 --> 01:28:20.976
But, at that time,

01:28:21.000 --> 01:28:22.609
I'm in Nairobi.

01:28:22.633 --> 01:28:24.133
He began talking about
how to get me killed.

01:28:26.033 --> 01:28:28.667
I was informed by my sources

01:28:29.033 --> 01:28:31.076
they actually sent a team

01:28:31.100 --> 01:28:33.209
on a chartered flight.

01:28:33.233 --> 01:28:35.576
They're now. they were
surveiling me.

01:28:35.600 --> 01:28:37.567
They would park vehicles
outside my apartment.

01:28:39.600 --> 01:28:42.233
I barely escaped

01:28:43.733 --> 01:28:48.109
because the U.S. was able to
offer me a humanitarian visa.

01:28:48.133 --> 01:28:52.143
With what I know,

01:28:52.167 --> 01:28:53.743
being an insider,

01:28:53.767 --> 01:28:55.276
now he really has a
genuine reason not to be...

01:28:55.300 --> 01:28:58.043
not to sleep well,

01:28:58.067 --> 01:28:59.543
because he knows I'm going
to expose all of these things,

01:28:59.567 --> 01:29:03.109
and I'm going to
do everything I can

01:29:03.133 --> 01:29:04.709
to make sure he's
held accountable.

01:29:04.733 --> 01:29:07.400
The president of South Sudan
wants him captured or killed...

01:29:08.633 --> 01:29:11.600
The South Sudanese peace
activist who was arrested

01:29:11.733 --> 01:29:14.609
for criticizing the government,
is now back in the US...

01:29:14.633 --> 01:29:17.767
This was a bombshell.

01:29:18.133 --> 01:29:19.543
The theme was to explain
what had happened:

01:29:19.567 --> 01:29:22.009
how since leaving the prison,

01:29:22.033 --> 01:29:24.109
the President has been after me.

01:29:24.133 --> 01:29:26.243
And I talk about how he's
not a legitimate president.

01:29:26.267 --> 01:29:29.676
He was never elected,

01:29:29.700 --> 01:29:31.576
and he has been
postponing elections.

01:29:31.600 --> 01:29:34.076
And I talk about what
goes on in the Blue House,

01:29:34.100 --> 01:29:36.476
the sexual molestation,

01:29:36.500 --> 01:29:38.276
the midnight pickups and
the executions, the torture,

01:29:38.300 --> 01:29:42.043
all of those things
that were going on.

01:29:42.067 --> 01:29:43.600
[pulsating music]

01:29:55.100 --> 01:29:59.476
Full stop. It would not happen.

01:29:59.500 --> 01:30:01.333
They tried to talk in the media,

01:30:01.567 --> 01:30:03.976
but no one was
believing their stories.

01:30:04.000 --> 01:30:06.076
So, they wanted to
find non-security faces

01:30:06.100 --> 01:30:09.443
that are respected within
the country and outside

01:30:09.467 --> 01:30:13.543
to use them to then
sell their narratives.

01:30:13.567 --> 01:30:16.176
And that's how
the Bishop came in.

01:30:16.200 --> 01:30:18.167
The Archbishop of the
Evangelical Presbyterian Church,

01:30:18.533 --> 01:30:22.509
His Lordship Elias Taban
describes a statement

01:30:22.533 --> 01:30:25.743
made by the South Sudanese

01:30:25.767 --> 01:30:27.176
activist Peter
Biar Ajak as a lie

01:30:27.200 --> 01:30:28.743
as a lie.

01:30:28.767 --> 01:30:32.476
Now, if your father is a
General in the government,and you fear you
will be kidnapped

01:30:32.500 --> 01:30:34.476
from Nairobi and brought
to Juba and slaughtered,

01:30:34.500 --> 01:30:36.976
what a big lie it is.

01:30:37.000 --> 01:30:38.300
He's betraying us.

01:30:38.667 --> 01:30:40.043
I am here with my wife,
with my children,

01:30:40.067 --> 01:30:42.443
I'm here with my
church and community,

01:30:42.467 --> 01:30:44.709
I had participated in working
for him to be released,

01:30:44.733 --> 01:30:48.209
now he has jumped on
the other side of the river

01:30:48.233 --> 01:30:50.509
and saying all nonsense-
caring less about our lives.

01:30:50.533 --> 01:30:53.767
Bishop was not free
in what he was saying.

01:30:54.300 --> 01:30:56.676
Because this is what the
government was doing, it was

01:30:56.700 --> 01:30:59.109
threatening people

01:30:59.133 --> 01:31:00.443
to come out and say all
these crazy things about me.

01:31:00.467 --> 01:31:03.267
It's not really how he feels.

01:31:03.567 --> 01:31:05.767
But, he was being
maneuvered to say those things.

01:31:06.133 --> 01:31:10.200
Someone like Bishop,
he has been doing his best to

01:31:11.133 --> 01:31:14.176
provide hope and
generate economic activities

01:31:14.200 --> 01:31:16.509
for a lot of people,

01:31:16.533 --> 01:31:18.376
and that work can easily be
jeopardized by the government,

01:31:18.400 --> 01:31:21.100
if he did not agree to
say the things that he said.

01:31:30.400 --> 01:31:34.576
[machine beeping]

01:31:34.600 --> 01:31:38.633
South Sudan is depending
on the outside world, and

01:31:38.767 --> 01:31:40.543
the U.S. and other
countries are saying, "Look,

01:31:40.567 --> 01:31:42.376
we can't just keep
our cash flow going,

01:31:42.400 --> 01:31:45.576
you need to find a solution."

01:31:45.600 --> 01:31:47.467
[brooding music]

01:31:49.467 --> 01:31:53.233
After two failed attempts

01:31:54.000 --> 01:31:55.743
South Sudan's political rivals,
President Salva Kiir

01:31:55.767 --> 01:31:59.043
and Riek Machar finally
reach an agreement.

01:31:59.067 --> 01:32:02.376
Their rivalry has
triggered a civil war

01:32:02.400 --> 01:32:04.176
that's killed at least
400,000 people

01:32:04.200 --> 01:32:06.376
and displaced millions.

01:32:06.400 --> 01:32:08.076
Both sides have been accused of

01:32:08.100 --> 01:32:09.376
recruiting child soldiers,

01:32:09.400 --> 01:32:14.443
mass rape, and starving
the South Sudanese people.Think about it-

01:32:14.467 --> 01:32:18.343
there's still 12 million people who fled from their homes
because of the fighting. 7 million are what the UN call

01:32:18.367 --> 01:32:20.376
"Severely Food Insecure"

01:32:20.400 --> 01:32:24.609
which means they cannot feed
themselves when they're hungry. It's a move which
should bring together

01:32:24.633 --> 01:32:26.443
the opposing sides and,
would be a significant step

01:32:26.467 --> 01:32:29.443
in ending more than
five years of civil war.

01:32:29.467 --> 01:32:32.109
There's a lot of expectation

01:32:32.133 --> 01:32:33.976
for South Sudan's
new Unity Government.

01:32:34.000 --> 01:32:37.409
It's all people are talking
about here in Juba.

01:32:37.433 --> 01:32:40.709
Leaders are arriving
ahead of the ceremony

01:32:40.733 --> 01:32:43.276
and formation of the
new cabinet tomorrow.

01:32:43.300 --> 01:32:45.643
That's Riek Machar.

01:32:45.667 --> 01:32:48.143
Preparations are
already underway

01:32:48.167 --> 01:32:49.609
and security has
been stepped up.

01:32:49.633 --> 01:32:52.376
There was a lot of skepticism

01:32:52.400 --> 01:32:56.376
because these two men
have signed deals in the past.We're going back as far as 2013.

01:32:56.400 --> 01:32:58.709
They've been signing
deals and breaking them.

01:32:58.733 --> 01:33:01.233
[clapping]

01:33:02.167 --> 01:33:02.700
[cameras shuttering]

01:33:14.233 --> 01:33:19.076
Now, the leaders
accused of tearing it apart

01:33:19.100 --> 01:33:22.609
through violence and corruption,

01:33:22.633 --> 01:33:25.076
are the ones promising
a better future.

01:33:25.100 --> 01:33:28.000
Can these two men who've
failed to work together

01:33:28.533 --> 01:33:31.176
before and after South
Sudan's independence

01:33:31.200 --> 01:33:35.100
actually do so this time?

01:33:36.733 --> 01:33:37.433
[trumpets]

01:34:15.133 --> 01:34:19.509
I want to take this opportunity

01:34:19.533 --> 01:34:22.200
to congratulate the people of
the Republic of South Sudan

01:34:22.433 --> 01:34:26.643
for attaining peace.

01:34:26.667 --> 01:34:30.000
I want to assure you

01:34:30.667 --> 01:34:32.333
we will work collectively

01:34:34.033 --> 01:34:36.333
to end your long suffering.

01:34:37.500 --> 01:34:39.600
My brother, Dr. Riek Machar,
and I are now partners.

01:34:44.400 --> 01:34:48.576
in this agreement.

01:34:48.600 --> 01:34:50.067
[clapping]

01:34:50.633 --> 01:34:53.367
And it's formation
brings and end

01:34:54.000 --> 01:34:58.376
to the long suffering
of our people.

01:34:58.400 --> 01:35:00.600
Nothing will ever deter us

01:35:03.033 --> 01:35:07.009
from achieving what we want.

01:35:07.033 --> 01:35:10.100
Things will never be the
same in the near future.

01:35:12.667 --> 01:35:16.000
I like this one.

01:35:18.167 --> 01:35:19.067
Really, the best is yet to come,

01:35:22.567 --> 01:35:24.676
and it's coming soon.

01:35:24.700 --> 01:35:27.367
And dignity...

01:35:29.067 --> 01:35:33.409
- of the people of South Sudan.
- of the people of South Sudan. - So help me God.
- So help me God.

01:35:33.433 --> 01:35:35.533
[clapping]

01:35:44.267 --> 01:35:48.333
[clapping]

01:35:50.633 --> 01:35:54.367
Yes,
it made news internationally,

01:35:55.367 --> 01:35:57.443
and it was talked a lot at home

01:35:57.467 --> 01:36:00.443
but, everybody knew that
they had tried this before

01:36:00.467 --> 01:36:03.976
and it didn't work.

01:36:04.000 --> 01:36:06.067
Kiir's entire thinking

01:36:06.600 --> 01:36:11.009
is to die in power.

01:36:11.033 --> 01:36:13.476
And Machar's thinking

01:36:13.500 --> 01:36:16.300
is to at least become
president before he dies.

01:36:16.767 --> 01:36:20.100
It's a direct contradiction.

01:36:21.333 --> 01:36:24.209
No one trusts

01:36:24.233 --> 01:36:29.267
that these people can
bring peace to South Sudan. It's just that
because nobody has

01:36:29.467 --> 01:36:31.376
a good plan that everyone
can agree on at the moment

01:36:31.400 --> 01:36:35.033
this is the only thing that
people are talking about.

01:36:35.200 --> 01:36:38.633
So, you still have
this phenomenon

01:36:39.067 --> 01:36:40.743
of this group of
people at the very top

01:36:40.767 --> 01:36:44.143
who are least
prepared to run a nation.

01:36:44.167 --> 01:36:47.743
But, they have the guns
and they have the money.

01:36:47.767 --> 01:36:52.200
And so, young people just wait,
chafe, organize,

01:36:53.300 --> 01:36:57.033
continue to educate themselves,

01:36:57.700 --> 01:37:00.309
try to work at the margins,
challenge the system-

01:37:00.333 --> 01:37:04.476
It's again,
a fairly normal phenomenon

01:37:04.500 --> 01:37:06.976
for post-independence countries

01:37:07.000 --> 01:37:08.576
where you've gotta
go through this,

01:37:08.600 --> 01:37:10.343
that first generation of

01:37:10.367 --> 01:37:12.109
leadership that
just wrecks it all.

01:37:12.133 --> 01:37:14.509
And then younger people

01:37:14.533 --> 01:37:16.676
picking up the pieces.

01:37:16.700 --> 01:37:18.743
My assumption,

01:37:18.767 --> 01:37:22.733
my belief is that's what's
going to happen in South Sudan.Until there is a radical shift,

01:37:24.400 --> 01:37:27.143
a change in the leadership

01:37:27.167 --> 01:37:29.509
I assume that that's
going to continue.

01:37:29.533 --> 01:37:33.167
[gentle music]

01:37:33.767 --> 01:37:37.100
You see, people in South Sudan,
they love each other.

01:37:39.000 --> 01:37:42.467
But coming here

01:37:43.000 --> 01:37:45.067
what you used to
have in South Sudan

01:37:45.567 --> 01:37:48.009
you really think about it.

01:37:48.033 --> 01:37:50.109
Because getting
those things here,

01:37:50.133 --> 01:37:52.509
it's really hard.

01:37:52.533 --> 01:37:54.633
[melancholic music]

01:37:56.733 --> 01:38:00.600
My country is my country.

01:38:01.267 --> 01:38:03.367
My blood is my blood.

01:38:04.167 --> 01:38:06.667
I can't run away.

01:38:07.767 --> 01:38:09.400
It's me, who will change it.

01:38:10.300 --> 01:38:12.567
If I don't,
who will do it for me?

01:38:16.633 --> 01:38:20.743
[pensive music]

01:38:20.767 --> 01:38:24.533
Our people.

01:38:25.000 --> 01:38:26.233
our government,

01:38:27.000 --> 01:38:28.333
no peace.

01:38:29.133 --> 01:38:30.643
There's tribalism,

01:38:30.667 --> 01:38:32.167
segregation,

01:38:32.500 --> 01:38:33.767
people are greedy.

01:38:34.500 --> 01:38:35.767
We need help.

01:38:38.000 --> 01:38:39.300
The most important
thing is unity.

01:38:40.100 --> 01:38:42.743
When I feel the love for you,
you feel the love for me.

01:38:42.767 --> 01:38:45.700
We become one.

01:38:46.267 --> 01:38:47.700
If we are together,
this war would not take place.

01:38:50.067 --> 01:38:51.400
So, what do you
think will happen

01:38:54.567 --> 01:38:58.509
if we don't do those things?

01:38:58.533 --> 01:39:00.300
What do you think will
become of South Sudan?

01:39:02.167 --> 01:39:03.533
People will lose their lives.

01:39:06.567 --> 01:39:09.043
Innocent people will die.

01:39:09.067 --> 01:39:11.433
Important people will pass.

01:39:12.500 --> 01:39:15.033
We will not gain
knowledge from them.

01:39:16.533 --> 01:39:19.100
We will be orphans,

01:39:20.100 --> 01:39:22.433
widows,

01:39:22.633 --> 01:39:24.167
helpless,

01:39:24.533 --> 01:39:26.033
poor...

01:39:26.267 --> 01:39:27.533
[gunshots]

01:39:28.167 --> 01:39:29.409
The last thing will be death.

01:39:29.433 --> 01:39:31.600
Lose our lives.

01:39:32.533 --> 01:39:33.667
Shed blood.

01:39:34.067 --> 01:39:35.233
That's the only
thing which will go on.

01:39:37.667 --> 01:39:38.633
It won't stop.

01:39:42.000 --> 01:39:43.467
[distant talking, laughing]