00:00:23.375 --> 00:00:28.375
[low tones]

00:00:29.833 --> 00:00:33.375
[atmospheric sounds]

00:01:32.750 --> 00:01:35.458
- [Narrator] When I was a
student I read a fragment of

00:01:35.458 --> 00:01:38.625
a Greek philosopher, Heraclitus.

00:01:38.625 --> 00:01:41.417
It was a long time ago, but
the phrase stayed with me.

00:01:42.625 --> 00:01:45.292
Nature loves to hide, it said.

00:01:45.583 --> 00:01:46.583
Just that.

00:01:46.958 --> 00:01:48.667
Does it perhaps
mean that the law

00:01:48.667 --> 00:01:50.667
which governs everything we see

00:01:51.375 --> 00:01:53.208
is invisible to our eyes?

00:01:53.708 --> 00:01:56.917
In which case everything that is
apparently there before us...

00:01:57.667 --> 00:02:00.000
is hiding from us
at the same time.

00:02:01.083 --> 00:02:04.125
But then, how can we know it?

00:02:08.375 --> 00:02:10.875
- [Man] We might have
a whole elephant here,

00:02:10.875 --> 00:02:12.083
and we just don’t see it.

00:02:14.458 --> 00:02:17.750
Because we don’t have the
eyes or the questions

00:02:17.750 --> 00:02:19.667
to explore that particular
part of nature.

00:02:21.875 --> 00:02:25.917
The universe somehow
has given us a shock.

00:02:25.917 --> 00:02:27.500
It’s a shock therapy.

00:02:34.417 --> 00:02:37.083
- [Man #2] We who, hundred
thousand years ago,

00:02:37.083 --> 00:02:42.375
were apes basically, wandering
around the African Savanna,

00:02:42.375 --> 00:02:44.500
we are able to
understand so much

00:02:44.500 --> 00:02:46.667
about the way the
universe works.

00:02:48.667 --> 00:02:51.833
But it could be that something
completely unexpected shows up.

00:02:51.833 --> 00:02:55.667
We’re just looking where
human beings have never ever

00:02:55.667 --> 00:02:57.083
looked before.

00:03:03.625 --> 00:03:10.417
[classical music]

00:03:59.542 --> 00:04:03.250
[echoes and violin]

00:04:57.917 --> 00:04:59.583
- [Narrator] The first
time I came to Geneva

00:04:59.583 --> 00:05:01.583
it was almost by chance.

00:05:02.208 --> 00:05:04.417
The European Centre
for Particle Physics

00:05:04.417 --> 00:05:07.458
was in the throes of an
epoch-making experiment.

00:05:09.667 --> 00:05:12.250
I was in the celebrated
citadel of science,

00:05:12.250 --> 00:05:14.167
but I was rather disappointed.

00:05:15.625 --> 00:05:17.000
My first impression of CERN

00:05:17.000 --> 00:05:19.792
was of an unattractive
industrial suburb.

00:05:24.208 --> 00:05:27.667
In those early days I got a call
from a friend who worked at CERN

00:05:27.667 --> 00:05:29.208
who had managed to
obtain authorization

00:05:29.208 --> 00:05:33.417
to enter the great particle
collider, the LHC.

00:05:34.458 --> 00:05:37.125
'We can go down into
the cavern,' he said.

00:05:56.125 --> 00:05:59.583
It was here, in this tunnel
over 100 meters below ground,

00:06:00.000 --> 00:06:03.708
that in the summer of 2012 the
‘Higgs Boson’ was captured:

00:06:03.708 --> 00:06:05.375
the ‘God Particle’.

00:06:06.000 --> 00:06:07.667
Physicists don’t
approve of that term,

00:06:07.667 --> 00:06:09.333
but it does convey the idea.

00:06:10.417 --> 00:06:11.792
Thanks to this discovery

00:06:11.792 --> 00:06:13.708
a theory has been
verified which explains,

00:06:13.708 --> 00:06:15.875
with remarkable precision,

00:06:15.875 --> 00:06:18.625
everything we can
see in the universe.

00:06:22.958 --> 00:06:27.250
- The one thing in human history
which I find the closest to what

00:06:27.250 --> 00:06:30.708
we do are the Gothic cathedrals.

00:06:30.708 --> 00:06:34.250
We don’t really know
who is the main author.

00:06:34.250 --> 00:06:35.708
We are all main authors.

00:06:35.708 --> 00:06:37.917
I mean, I'm the spokesman
but I don't count more than

00:06:37.917 --> 00:06:39.083
all the others.

00:06:39.083 --> 00:06:41.167
Each one, one has
made a little statue,

00:06:41.167 --> 00:06:43.375
one has made a glass work,

00:06:43.375 --> 00:06:46.833
and in the end, the result has
grown over a very long time--

00:06:46.833 --> 00:06:49.417
maybe they take 100 years
to make such a cathedral--

00:06:49.708 --> 00:06:52.500
and the result is harmonious,
it’s beautiful.

00:08:27.125 --> 00:08:30.542
[violin music]

00:08:49.958 --> 00:08:53.458
- [Narrator] CERN is a community
gathered around the invisible.

00:08:56.083 --> 00:08:59.292
The people who make up this
community are united by a common

00:08:59.292 --> 00:09:02.417
passion for Nature made
not of concrete objects,

00:09:02.417 --> 00:09:04.417
but of pure energy.

00:09:09.792 --> 00:09:11.833
They deal with issues
that may seem very far

00:09:11.833 --> 00:09:13.208
from everyday life.

00:09:14.792 --> 00:09:18.542
Yet here, in November 1990, in
this little ground floor office,

00:09:18.542 --> 00:09:21.125
the World Wide Web
was conceived.

00:09:25.083 --> 00:09:27.542
If the internet is now free
and accessible to all,

00:09:27.542 --> 00:09:30.417
that is due in large part
to the fact that CERN

00:09:30.417 --> 00:09:33.500
was born out of a
great European ideal,

00:09:33.500 --> 00:09:35.875
whereby all knowledge
must be shared and placed

00:09:35.875 --> 00:09:37.833
at the world’s disposal.

00:09:41.583 --> 00:09:44.292
[otherworldly sounds]

00:09:51.958 --> 00:09:53.375
- [Man] Today is
also a special day.

00:09:54.000 --> 00:09:55.375
Because we heard
two presentations

00:09:55.375 --> 00:09:57.833
from the two experiments
ATLAS and CMS.

00:09:57.833 --> 00:09:59.583
We should state it:
we have a discovery.

00:09:59.583 --> 00:10:04.375
We have observed a new particle
consistent with a Higgs Boson.

00:10:04.375 --> 00:10:06.542
[applause]

00:10:10.542 --> 00:10:11.375
Peter.

00:10:19.208 --> 00:10:22.208
- [Man] To the extent that I am
made of fundamental particles,

00:10:22.208 --> 00:10:24.333
does this not have
any relevance to me?

00:10:24.333 --> 00:10:26.292
- I think it has a lot of
relevance to you because

00:10:26.292 --> 00:10:29.125
if that would not exist, I
think you would not exist

00:10:29.125 --> 00:10:32.250
[digital music]

00:10:46.833 --> 00:10:48.708
[beeps and door opens]

00:10:58.042 --> 00:10:58.958
[beeps]

00:12:21.708 --> 00:12:24.208
- [Narrator] The LHC
ring and its detectors

00:12:24.208 --> 00:12:26.792
are the largest
machine ever made.

00:12:27.292 --> 00:12:30.333
But it is a machine
unlike any other.

00:12:30.333 --> 00:12:31.583
It doesn’t make anything,

00:12:31.583 --> 00:12:34.417
it isn’t part of any
production process.

00:12:34.417 --> 00:12:40.333
For me, it’s a poetic machine,
because it is not useful.

00:12:40.333 --> 00:12:43.000
All it can do is
look for answers.

00:12:43.250 --> 00:12:46.000
It investigates a mystery
where the words and images

00:12:46.000 --> 00:12:49.208
with which we are familiar
can no longer help us.

00:13:49.583 --> 00:13:52.708
Everything we see is made
of invisible particles,

00:13:52.708 --> 00:13:55.250
of which we possess
no concrete image.

00:13:56.292 --> 00:13:59.458
Like hunters, physicists
look for tracks,

00:13:59.458 --> 00:14:02.708
the prints left by energy
that reveal their existence.

00:14:03.958 --> 00:14:07.042
Some of them we can
discover only indirectly,

00:14:07.042 --> 00:14:09.792
from the traces left
by other particles.

00:14:11.875 --> 00:14:13.333
Here the word 'imagine'

00:14:13.333 --> 00:14:16.000
no longer means to
look for an image.

00:14:44.417 --> 00:14:46.750
These are the paths
followed by the particles

00:14:46.750 --> 00:14:49.833
in billionths of a second
after a collision.

00:14:51.583 --> 00:14:54.625
They are the only pictures
that the LHC can take.

00:14:56.583 --> 00:15:00.292
[string music]

00:15:30.542 --> 00:15:34.125
[heavy rain]

00:15:46.000 --> 00:15:51.792
[calming music]

00:16:20.875 --> 00:16:23.333
- [Man] If we were able
to see at the same time

00:16:23.333 --> 00:16:26.583
atomic phenomena and
cosmological phenomena

00:16:26.583 --> 00:16:28.208
our brain would
probably explode.

00:16:28.208 --> 00:16:30.208
We only see something
like an averaging

00:16:30.208 --> 00:16:32.583
of all these structures
and to be able to see

00:16:32.583 --> 00:16:36.042
this extraordinary complexity
we have to use machines.

00:17:53.417 --> 00:17:57.583
[whimsical music]

00:19:04.125 --> 00:19:07.250
[discordant music]

00:19:13.042 --> 00:19:15.917
- [Narrator] It’s hard to accept
that Nature is in its essence

00:19:15.917 --> 00:19:18.125
so undefinable,

00:19:18.125 --> 00:19:21.958
and that only when we observe it
does it take on a precise state.

00:19:23.250 --> 00:19:25.375
And yet from nature
so indeterminate

00:19:25.708 --> 00:19:31.083
emerges the world that we
know, so solid, reassuring.

00:19:50.875 --> 00:19:51.667
A jetty.

00:19:54.125 --> 00:19:56.167
An apple tree in blossom.

00:19:59.250 --> 00:20:02.792
Artists and physicists find out
that they can no longer describe

00:20:02.792 --> 00:20:04.500
nature directly,

00:20:04.917 --> 00:20:07.083
using recognizable images.

00:20:21.958 --> 00:20:24.708
[harp music]

00:20:26.583 --> 00:20:30.125
We are used to seeing elementary
particles as colored balls,

00:20:32.167 --> 00:20:34.792
atoms as miniature
solar systems.

00:20:35.875 --> 00:20:39.167
But these images are nothing
like the real thing.

00:20:47.167 --> 00:20:49.917
Images of something
we cannot see.

00:20:51.667 --> 00:20:54.125
There are artists who are
inspired by the discovery

00:20:54.125 --> 00:20:57.167
of physics to imagine
the invisible.

00:21:01.917 --> 00:21:04.583
- [Man] The way things
look and the way thing are

00:21:04.875 --> 00:21:06.542
are very very different.

00:21:07.292 --> 00:21:13.083
We are like a man standing on
the top of a cliff looking out

00:21:13.083 --> 00:21:16.375
to a sea where he
can see a horizon.

00:21:17.375 --> 00:21:21.292
But only imagine what
lies on the other side.

00:21:22.333 --> 00:21:27.083
[string music]

00:21:40.375 --> 00:21:43.542
We are left in this
place where...

00:21:44.583 --> 00:21:49.542
Yeah, we know about our
own lack of knowing.

00:21:49.542 --> 00:21:55.167
This for me is a huge
source of inspiration.

00:22:02.167 --> 00:22:04.167
- [Narrator] The LHC
ring is being prepared

00:22:04.167 --> 00:22:05.500
for the experiment:

00:22:05.500 --> 00:22:08.375
Hundreds of millions of
data acquisition channels

00:22:08.375 --> 00:22:11.542
are synchronized to a
billionth of a second.

00:22:12.542 --> 00:22:14.042
But this experiment
is very different

00:22:14.042 --> 00:22:15.667
from the previous ones.

00:22:15.667 --> 00:22:17.792
There is no theory to verify.

00:22:17.792 --> 00:22:21.917
It’s a hunt for tracks, in the
hope of finding something.

00:22:25.500 --> 00:22:27.125
- [Man] We are jumping
to a new level,

00:22:27.125 --> 00:22:29.500
because we’re increasing the
energy to levels that have never

00:22:29.500 --> 00:22:31.333
ever been produced
in a laboratory

00:22:31.333 --> 00:22:34.833
so we really don’t know what
we’re gonna see there.

00:22:34.833 --> 00:22:37.167
I personally hope that we're
gonna see something

00:22:37.167 --> 00:22:38.417
completely unexpected.

00:22:57.333 --> 00:23:01.542
- We understand 4% maybe 5%
of our entire universe.

00:23:01.875 --> 00:23:04.500
That’s a big problem,
we need to solve that--

00:23:04.500 --> 00:23:07.708
what’s the other 95-96%
that’s out there?

00:23:08.792 --> 00:23:09.833
We need a hint.

00:23:28.417 --> 00:23:33.250
[gentle music]

00:23:43.958 --> 00:23:45.333
- This is a real event.

00:23:45.333 --> 00:23:47.667
This is what actually
happened in the experiment.

00:23:47.667 --> 00:23:49.583
In the very center
you have the point

00:23:49.583 --> 00:23:51.417
where the two nuclei
hit each other.

00:23:51.417 --> 00:23:54.042
It is the densest
and hottest thing

00:23:54.042 --> 00:23:56.083
that humans have ever observed,

00:23:56.083 --> 00:23:59.250
is the closest thing
to the big bang.

00:23:59.250 --> 00:24:03.833
We are going backwards in time
until a few microseconds,

00:24:03.833 --> 00:24:07.333
a few millionths of a second
from the big bang and then we

00:24:07.333 --> 00:24:10.375
observe how matter
evolved from then.

00:24:11.125 --> 00:24:14.000
[classical music]

00:24:57.000 --> 00:25:00.333
[drumbeat]

00:25:04.917 --> 00:25:06.750
[explosion]

00:25:32.417 --> 00:25:36.083
- [Narrator] The Big Bang
recreated inside a machine.

00:25:36.667 --> 00:25:39.667
A time machine in which the
history of the universe

00:25:39.667 --> 00:25:42.667
goes backwards, in the
freezing darkness,

00:25:43.167 --> 00:25:48.417
to a tiny pinhead from which
everything apparently began.

00:26:19.125 --> 00:26:21.333
- [Woman] I would
really like to see

00:26:21.333 --> 00:26:24.042
something completely unexpected,

00:26:24.042 --> 00:26:26.208
really blowing our minds,

00:26:26.208 --> 00:26:30.167
and causing us to rethink the
way we view the universe.

00:26:30.167 --> 00:26:32.542
That, to me, would be
the most amazing thing

00:26:32.542 --> 00:26:34.083
in the whole world.

00:26:34.083 --> 00:26:37.667
- We could get lucky, we could
discover new particles like

00:26:37.667 --> 00:26:40.375
supersymmetry, we could
discover dark matter.

00:26:48.458 --> 00:26:50.083
- I think this is one of those
moments in history where

00:26:50.083 --> 00:26:51.625
we really have no clue.

00:26:51.625 --> 00:26:54.500
There are all these things we
have imagined, but normally

00:26:54.500 --> 00:26:56.917
nature is far more
imaginative than physicists.

00:26:56.917 --> 00:26:59.417
So, one thing that we would
like to see is precisely

00:26:59.417 --> 00:27:03.167
nature showing some of its
remarkable imagination.

00:27:04.208 --> 00:27:09.750
[classical music]

00:27:25.875 --> 00:27:26.958
- [Man] What are we?

00:27:26.958 --> 00:27:28.417
Where do we come from?

00:27:28.417 --> 00:27:29.500
Where are we going?

00:27:30.833 --> 00:27:32.917
I had that painting on my wall,
just to remind me

00:27:32.917 --> 00:27:34.958
every day when I came
into the office,

00:27:35.292 --> 00:27:37.292
why I was coming to work.

00:27:37.292 --> 00:27:39.417
I mean, artists,
like scientists,

00:27:39.417 --> 00:27:45.125
are trying to understand
the human condition.

00:27:45.125 --> 00:27:47.542
What’s going on in the
universe around us.

00:27:47.542 --> 00:27:51.083
Gauguin tried to describe this

00:27:51.083 --> 00:27:52.917
in his famous painting

00:27:52.917 --> 00:27:56.375
and our impulse is
very much the same.

00:27:56.375 --> 00:27:59.417
Of course we use different
tools to address

00:27:59.958 --> 00:28:02.750
perhaps similar
metaphysical problems.

00:28:02.750 --> 00:28:06.792
The veritable crossroads
of art and science

00:28:07.792 --> 00:28:09.750
is a revelatory experience.

00:28:10.750 --> 00:28:14.542
A beautiful scientific
experiment is indistinguishable

00:28:14.542 --> 00:28:16.167
from an art work.

00:28:16.750 --> 00:28:20.333
[percussive music]

00:28:35.125 --> 00:28:37.542
- [Narator] The sense of
excitement I can feel in the air

00:28:37.542 --> 00:28:39.875
is contagious, liberating.

00:28:40.292 --> 00:28:44.083
Slowly, the liquid helium
cools the 27 km ring down

00:28:44.083 --> 00:28:47.792
to a temperature of 272
degrees below zero.

00:28:48.500 --> 00:28:50.292
[chatter]

00:28:55.500 --> 00:28:57.875
On Easter Day an electrical
current equivalent

00:28:57.875 --> 00:29:00.125
to the consumption of the
entire city of Geneva

00:29:00.125 --> 00:29:02.500
switches on the LHC.

00:29:12.917 --> 00:29:16.667
Just like artists, physicists
need to use their imagination

00:29:16.667 --> 00:29:18.542
to get closer to the truth.

00:29:21.250 --> 00:29:25.583
Before every experiment there
is an intuition, a question.

00:29:27.458 --> 00:29:30.750
This time, however, we
are facing the mystery.

00:29:56.208 --> 00:29:59.417
- [Man] Atoms and molecules
are actually dynamic entities,

00:29:59.417 --> 00:30:02.042
they're in perpetual motion.

00:30:02.042 --> 00:30:04.833
So on the atomic and molecular
level the entire world is

00:30:04.833 --> 00:30:08.458
actually a massive
perpetual motion machine.

00:30:10.000 --> 00:30:13.083
[leaves rustling,
water flowing]

00:30:29.667 --> 00:30:33.375
[atmospheric sounds]

00:30:37.708 --> 00:30:40.125
Our entire lives,

00:30:40.125 --> 00:30:43.417
our reality is actually
embedded in this

00:30:43.417 --> 00:30:46.583
interlaced matrix
of energy fields

00:30:46.583 --> 00:30:50.083
that's on a level that's
invisible to our eyes.

00:31:00.708 --> 00:31:02.083
My human body

00:31:02.750 --> 00:31:04.583
is a fancy energy field

00:31:05.167 --> 00:31:07.333
that is made from the
same building blocks

00:31:07.333 --> 00:31:09.333
as any other object in nature.

00:31:09.792 --> 00:31:12.958
And in that sense we all
come from the same material.

00:31:23.125 --> 00:31:26.375
[psychedelic music]

00:31:43.542 --> 00:31:47.125
So, the motion of any
given atom in the system

00:31:47.417 --> 00:31:50.500
depends on and affects
the motion of millions

00:31:50.500 --> 00:31:52.375
of other atoms in
its neighborhood.

00:31:52.708 --> 00:31:55.667
So you start to imagine a
sort of dance on a stage.

00:31:55.667 --> 00:31:58.292
So this sort of insanely
interconnected,

00:31:58.292 --> 00:32:00.250
interlaced choreography.

00:32:02.000 --> 00:32:05.125
[expansive sounds]

00:32:15.375 --> 00:32:19.125
[rushing water]

00:32:37.500 --> 00:32:42.083
- [Woman] We’d like to tune to
objectless world of nature,

00:32:42.083 --> 00:32:46.333
and although those things are
invisible, we can sense them,

00:32:46.333 --> 00:32:48.125
we can experience them,

00:32:48.125 --> 00:32:53.208
so we just want to amplify this
experience and tune to it.

00:32:53.208 --> 00:32:55.250
[gong]

00:32:59.042 --> 00:33:01.250
[bell sounds]

00:33:11.375 --> 00:33:13.625
[low humming tone]

00:33:13.625 --> 00:33:17.250
We are interested in
certain wave behaviors

00:33:17.250 --> 00:33:19.208
and visualizations of them

00:33:19.625 --> 00:33:23.167
and having it live in
front of the observer.

00:33:27.167 --> 00:33:31.625
[string music]

00:34:09.792 --> 00:34:12.417
- [Gormley] Matter and energy
are dimensions of each other.

00:34:12.958 --> 00:34:16.042
Space and time are
dimensions of each other.

00:34:16.375 --> 00:34:22.042
As a sculptor, how do I lose
my determinism to shape

00:34:22.625 --> 00:34:24.958
particular bits of matter

00:34:25.458 --> 00:34:28.875
and acknowledge the
fact that everything

00:34:28.875 --> 00:34:31.250
is in flux.

00:34:36.292 --> 00:34:40.792
[strings fade in]

00:35:31.292 --> 00:35:33.250
- [Álvarez-Gaumé] I don’t think
in our common language

00:35:33.250 --> 00:35:35.833
we have metaphors for
the subatomic world.

00:35:36.250 --> 00:35:40.417
We visualize it as Galileo who
was telling us with mathematics.

00:35:42.250 --> 00:35:44.542
Then you have to use the
language of mathematics

00:35:44.542 --> 00:35:48.625
and of course experiment to
get a picture, if you like,

00:35:49.250 --> 00:35:51.292
but the picture
is not, you know,

00:35:51.292 --> 00:35:56.583
something nice with people,
with landscape and mountains.

00:35:56.583 --> 00:35:58.708
It’s something which you
really have to learn.

00:35:58.708 --> 00:36:04.083
[dramatic orchestra music]

00:36:09.917 --> 00:36:12.292
- [Man] Math is just a
language like any other:

00:36:12.292 --> 00:36:14.583
French or English
or what have you.

00:36:14.875 --> 00:36:18.625
And so, when a physicist
comes up with a relationship,

00:36:18.625 --> 00:36:19.958
like we do,

00:36:21.458 --> 00:36:24.542
it’s not too far different
from a poet writing a poem

00:36:24.542 --> 00:36:26.250
or an artist painting a picture.

00:36:26.250 --> 00:36:30.500
It’s just our medium
for creativity.

00:37:07.917 --> 00:37:10.083
[digital tones]

00:37:15.792 --> 00:37:17.417
- [Narrator] To cross the
threshold of the invisible

00:37:17.417 --> 00:37:20.083
using numbers, it seems absurd.

00:37:20.708 --> 00:37:22.958
And yet, as in a mirror,
human beings, too,

00:37:22.958 --> 00:37:25.750
replicate the mathematical
structure of Nature.

00:37:26.833 --> 00:37:28.583
When we record images,

00:37:28.583 --> 00:37:31.583
we use quantum mechanics
and digital codes.

00:37:33.583 --> 00:37:37.625
This Mont Blanc is really just a
long series of ones and zeroes,

00:37:38.042 --> 00:37:39.667
stored in a memory.

00:37:39.667 --> 00:37:42.125
[harp plucking]

00:37:57.083 --> 00:38:01.542
- Art, like science, is saying:
“try looking at it this way”

00:38:02.417 --> 00:38:07.542
Can we conceive of the world
being constituted like this?

00:38:08.042 --> 00:38:12.208
And if so, what
does that change?

00:38:12.208 --> 00:38:16.583
[digital atmospheric music]

00:38:21.958 --> 00:38:24.958
- [Woman] One thing
sonification can do for us

00:38:24.958 --> 00:38:29.583
is let us ear things that
would normally be in-audible.

00:38:30.000 --> 00:38:34.375
There are patterns and
cycles in the universe that

00:38:34.375 --> 00:38:36.750
happened at such a slow rate,

00:38:36.750 --> 00:38:38.833
like longer than
a human lifetime

00:38:38.833 --> 00:38:43.000
and at the other end of the
scale are things that

00:38:43.000 --> 00:38:47.375
take place in yoctoseconds
or septillionths of a second,

00:38:47.375 --> 00:38:50.542
and we would never be able
to perceive those things.

00:38:50.542 --> 00:38:54.708
I think time and the
sequence of things,

00:38:54.708 --> 00:38:59.458
is a really strong perceptual
cue to people, to humans,

00:38:59.458 --> 00:39:02.917
and I think we almost,
without even intending to,

00:39:02.917 --> 00:39:07.750
we think of things that are
happening in a sequence

00:39:07.750 --> 00:39:10.417
we give it a kind of
a narrative, almost.

00:39:13.417 --> 00:39:14.708
[digital squeaks play]

00:39:17.208 --> 00:39:18.792
And then only a few.

00:39:25.667 --> 00:39:29.750
So each line in this file
corresponds to one collision

00:39:29.750 --> 00:39:31.917
that they have
gathered data from.

00:39:32.625 --> 00:39:34.083
[low tone]

00:39:34.917 --> 00:39:38.708
Here, you hear that kind
of low, mysterious sound,

00:39:39.625 --> 00:39:43.625
that frequency is about here,
but then every once in a while,

00:39:43.625 --> 00:39:46.125
for some of the GEV values,

00:39:46.125 --> 00:39:50.542
you'll see a different
frequency pop up like these.

00:39:51.042 --> 00:39:52.167
There.

00:39:57.917 --> 00:40:01.750
Every little particle that
you heard there was an echo

00:40:02.875 --> 00:40:05.625
and it creates almost a
reverberation effect,

00:40:05.625 --> 00:40:08.667
like the little echoes you hear
from the walls in the room.

00:40:09.333 --> 00:40:11.042
[atmospheric sounds]

00:40:13.583 --> 00:40:16.125
- [Man] Sound is much
more complex than vision

00:40:16.125 --> 00:40:19.583
and sound can overcome some
of the visualization issues.

00:40:19.583 --> 00:40:22.708
Where, for example, we
cannot imagine two things

00:40:22.708 --> 00:40:25.833
to take the same physical space,
we can imagine two sounds

00:40:25.833 --> 00:40:29.208
to take the same
physical sound space.

00:40:29.667 --> 00:40:33.208
This is the energy, the
energy off the particles,

00:40:33.208 --> 00:40:36.958
and the energy is then
translated into these numbers,

00:40:36.958 --> 00:40:39.125
that are music notes, basically.

00:40:39.375 --> 00:40:43.042
Something that comes from
physics, from the LHC,

00:40:43.042 --> 00:40:47.500
from the very chord of the
inner nature of matter.

00:40:47.500 --> 00:40:50.625
[chorus of xylophone-like notes]

00:40:50.625 --> 00:40:53.250
[drumbeat]

00:40:58.625 --> 00:41:03.125
- [Domnitch] When humans went
to space, the sense of beauty,

00:41:03.125 --> 00:41:08.333
interconnectedness and harmony
were so apparent to astronauts

00:41:08.333 --> 00:41:10.792
being outside of the planet,

00:41:10.792 --> 00:41:14.708
that they all share this
great feeling of revelation

00:41:14.708 --> 00:41:18.500
and when you're floating
in this dark empty space

00:41:18.500 --> 00:41:22.583
that they characterize like
“the black velvet”...

00:41:23.917 --> 00:41:28.125
the immense sense of
beauty dawned onto them.

00:41:31.000 --> 00:41:33.917
- [Narrator] The tests are
over, it’s time to attempt

00:41:33.917 --> 00:41:35.708
the great experiment.

00:41:35.708 --> 00:41:39.583
The first collisions at an
unprecedented high energy.

00:41:42.125 --> 00:41:44.417
At a depth of 100 meters,

00:41:44.417 --> 00:41:47.792
the LHC ring must be
completely sealed off.

00:41:48.292 --> 00:41:50.500
On the surface, the
experiment is monitored

00:41:50.500 --> 00:41:53.167
twenty-four hours a day
in the control rooms.

00:41:53.167 --> 00:41:55.250
- [on loudspeaker]
Start powering 56.

00:41:56.667 --> 00:41:59.292
Start powering 57.

00:42:00.583 --> 00:42:02.833
Start powering 58.

00:42:03.458 --> 00:42:06.417
[classical music]
Start powering 59.

00:42:06.417 --> 00:42:09.208
[alarm sounds]
Start powering 60.

00:42:10.875 --> 00:42:13.125
Start powering 61.

00:42:14.042 --> 00:42:16.083
Start powering 84.

00:42:17.833 --> 00:42:19.792
Start powering 85.

00:42:21.333 --> 00:42:23.292
Start powering 86.

00:42:25.208 --> 00:42:27.250
Start powering 87.

00:42:28.875 --> 00:42:31.083
Start powering 88.

00:42:32.792 --> 00:42:34.708
Start powering 89.

00:42:38.750 --> 00:42:40.875
[muffled explosion]

00:42:47.000 --> 00:42:50.167
- [Narrator] Five hundred
trillion particles, compressed

00:42:50.167 --> 00:42:54.208
by the magnets into two beams
each thinner than a human hair,

00:42:54.208 --> 00:42:56.750
move round the ring at
the speed of light,

00:42:56.750 --> 00:42:59.875
producing a billion
collisions per second.

00:43:00.625 --> 00:43:03.292
[faint music,
muffled explosions]

00:43:28.500 --> 00:43:32.125
[music crescendoes]

00:43:42.333 --> 00:43:45.875
[digital sounds]

00:43:48.917 --> 00:43:51.417
- [Narrator] After billions
of collisions,

00:43:51.417 --> 00:43:54.667
something turns up in
the LHC detectors.

00:43:56.125 --> 00:43:58.708
This curve reveals
the possible presence

00:43:58.708 --> 00:44:01.083
of a new mysterious particle.

00:44:01.375 --> 00:44:04.000
In less than a month the
physicists put forward

00:44:04.000 --> 00:44:06.375
400 theories to explain it.

00:44:07.083 --> 00:44:08.792
How to choose between them?

00:44:09.042 --> 00:44:11.625
How will the right
theory be recognized?

00:44:12.083 --> 00:44:14.417
- Some of the basics laws of
nature explaining, for example,

00:44:14.417 --> 00:44:17.125
quantum mechanics or explain
the behavior of the atom

00:44:17.125 --> 00:44:21.750
or the way that the
planets go around the sun

00:44:21.750 --> 00:44:23.417
or how the universe expands.

00:44:23.958 --> 00:44:25.958
The concepts are very simple.

00:44:25.958 --> 00:44:31.125
How, with such few concepts, so
simple, you can explain so much.

00:44:31.125 --> 00:44:34.250
- In a very, very simple way
we've managed to boil down

00:44:34.250 --> 00:44:37.042
this incredible amount of
complexity in the universe

00:44:37.333 --> 00:44:41.000
into just two or three
fundamental aspects.

00:44:41.000 --> 00:44:44.917
And to be able to do that is
kind of a form of magic.

00:44:52.875 --> 00:44:57.125
[string music]

00:45:19.708 --> 00:45:23.542
- [Narrator] 'When the solution
is simple, God is answering,'

00:45:23.542 --> 00:45:24.958
Einstein said.

00:45:28.167 --> 00:45:31.167
Behind the complex formulae
there is an intuition,

00:45:32.750 --> 00:45:37.208
that the universe is hiding
something extremely simple.

00:45:40.833 --> 00:45:44.625
To arrive at that simplicity,
physicists use experiments

00:45:44.625 --> 00:45:48.375
and equations, but often
that’s not enough.

00:45:48.750 --> 00:45:51.833
Often, they need something else.

00:45:59.083 --> 00:46:00.417
- [Álvarez-Gaumé] There
seems to be some aesthetics

00:46:00.417 --> 00:46:01.833
in the way we work.

00:46:01.833 --> 00:46:03.500
For example when you look
at Einstein's description

00:46:03.500 --> 00:46:06.625
of how gravitational
forces work...

00:46:06.625 --> 00:46:07.792
[breathes deep]

00:46:07.792 --> 00:46:09.667
Gives you a sense of
beauty, aesthetics,

00:46:09.667 --> 00:46:11.042
because of the simplicity.

00:46:11.042 --> 00:46:14.875
- A theory in physics
will have to be beautiful

00:46:14.875 --> 00:46:18.083
in order for it to
have much truth in it.

00:46:18.417 --> 00:46:22.875
Einstein’s general theory of
relativity, that’s so beautiful,

00:46:24.208 --> 00:46:27.958
it’s so beautiful that I find it
very difficult to understand.

00:46:27.958 --> 00:46:29.208
[laughs]

00:46:33.708 --> 00:46:34.458
[beeps]

00:46:38.375 --> 00:46:39.375
[beeps]

00:46:40.958 --> 00:46:43.000
- [Narrator] It seemed strange
to me to hear scientists talking

00:46:43.000 --> 00:46:44.417
about beauty.

00:46:48.125 --> 00:46:51.750
Beauty has to do with taste,
with personal feelings.

00:46:52.375 --> 00:46:54.292
How can it help a scientist?

00:46:55.958 --> 00:46:57.083
[beeps]

00:47:00.042 --> 00:47:04.333
- Physicists, I think, tend to
look at theories and equations

00:47:04.333 --> 00:47:05.500
in a similar way.

00:47:06.958 --> 00:47:09.417
So, if they are elegant and,
in a certain way, pretty,

00:47:09.417 --> 00:47:10.958
appealing to them,

00:47:10.958 --> 00:47:15.333
then to us it's an indication
that they are somehow right.

00:47:28.375 --> 00:47:32.292
[moody music]

00:47:42.125 --> 00:47:45.250
- [Woman] There was
this incredible sunset,

00:47:45.250 --> 00:47:47.750
one over the valley in
the back of the mountain

00:47:47.750 --> 00:47:50.583
and one looking directly
at Mount Blanc

00:47:50.583 --> 00:47:53.333
and I kept looking at it
and I couldn't figure out

00:47:53.333 --> 00:47:55.125
what was so...

00:47:55.125 --> 00:47:57.542
I knew it was beautiful and
I knew it was attractive

00:47:57.542 --> 00:47:59.625
and I knew I just kept wanting
to look at the mountain

00:47:59.625 --> 00:48:02.542
and just look at the scenery and
I kept thinking to myself:

00:48:02.542 --> 00:48:05.500
'Why do I like this so much?'

00:48:06.083 --> 00:48:08.458
- Why would a sunset be
beautiful in the first place?

00:48:09.167 --> 00:48:11.833
I mean, you could kinda break it
down like scientists and say,

00:48:11.833 --> 00:48:14.750
'Well, it’s red because of
Rayleigh scattering and

00:48:14.750 --> 00:48:16.875
the blue photons are
scattered at hard angles,

00:48:16.875 --> 00:48:19.417
so it doesn't get through
to your eyes to see it.

00:48:19.417 --> 00:48:20.167
But, uh...

00:48:21.625 --> 00:48:24.292
And so you can kind of break
down why it looks this way

00:48:24.292 --> 00:48:27.000
and why it does that,
but there’s no

00:48:27.000 --> 00:48:29.917
inherent beauty in the
actual thing itself.

00:48:30.292 --> 00:48:33.042
So, the beauty would have
to therefore be coming from

00:48:33.042 --> 00:48:34.708
the conscious mind.

00:48:35.083 --> 00:48:39.250
So, 'beauty,' I guess, would
be a beautiful thought.

00:48:39.250 --> 00:48:41.167
- If the solution is simple,

00:48:41.167 --> 00:48:44.375
if there's nothing which
you can remove anymore,

00:48:44.375 --> 00:48:45.458
if it's kind of

00:48:46.000 --> 00:48:47.500
reduced to the core.

00:48:47.750 --> 00:48:49.500
That’s beauty for me.

00:48:50.625 --> 00:48:53.833
- What attracted me to
physics was basically that

00:48:53.833 --> 00:48:56.958
we don’t understand how
the universe is created,

00:48:56.958 --> 00:48:58.875
where it is going to.

00:48:59.375 --> 00:49:03.458
Yeah, I think the mystery of the
universe makes it beautiful.

00:49:05.750 --> 00:49:08.792
- I’m very keen on finding
out if there is simplicity

00:49:08.792 --> 00:49:10.542
behind the world we see.

00:49:10.542 --> 00:49:13.583
We see a lot of forces,
we see a lot of particles,

00:49:13.583 --> 00:49:15.750
and more and more
particles get discovered,

00:49:15.750 --> 00:49:18.500
but what we need to do as
physicists and as humans

00:49:18.500 --> 00:49:23.458
is understand the world
in its most easy sense.

00:49:23.458 --> 00:49:25.750
- I don’t know, the beauty...
[laughs]

00:49:27.500 --> 00:49:29.000
I cannot describe it.

00:49:41.083 --> 00:49:44.042
- The beauty that I see is
the beauty of the creation

00:49:44.042 --> 00:49:45.583
of our mind.

00:49:45.583 --> 00:49:49.292
How a person mind can develop
such skillful skills like...

00:49:49.292 --> 00:49:53.583
How someone could think
of beyond their mind.

00:49:54.000 --> 00:49:57.792
[string music]

00:50:04.625 --> 00:50:07.500
- [Ellis] I think it’s
difficult to describe beauty

00:50:08.667 --> 00:50:11.083
in physics, in
science in general.

00:50:12.333 --> 00:50:16.625
Often it is not something which,
just, you see with your eye,

00:50:16.625 --> 00:50:20.375
it’s something that you
feel with your brain.

00:50:24.583 --> 00:50:29.208
[harp plucking]

00:51:31.708 --> 00:51:34.375
- [Narrator] Beauty is in
the eye of the beholder,

00:51:34.375 --> 00:51:36.208
runs the proverb.

00:51:36.625 --> 00:51:37.792
I wonder

00:51:38.667 --> 00:51:40.875
where else could it be?

00:51:41.958 --> 00:51:43.500
In which detail?

00:51:48.375 --> 00:51:50.792
Others say one can
never know where it is,

00:51:50.792 --> 00:51:53.167
because it is just
a secret harmony...

00:51:53.583 --> 00:51:55.917
a relation between things.

00:51:56.708 --> 00:52:00.833
[fanciful orchestra music]

00:53:35.500 --> 00:53:40.250
[distant bell tolls]

00:53:48.833 --> 00:53:54.208
[classical music]

00:54:43.375 --> 00:54:44.917
- [Álvarez-Gaumé] It is
remarkable that the laws of

00:54:44.917 --> 00:54:47.500
nature have a symmetry that
we cannot see with their eyes

00:54:47.500 --> 00:54:49.125
and we cannot see with
simple instruments.

00:54:49.750 --> 00:54:52.708
So this is the hidden
beauty we are looking for.

00:55:20.542 --> 00:55:23.292
- [Narrator] Is this
the secret of Nature?

00:55:24.167 --> 00:55:27.292
Is it symmetry that
protects us from chaos?

00:55:31.250 --> 00:55:34.667
Where did the intuition of
the Greek temple come from?

00:55:35.583 --> 00:55:38.583
Its parts are in mathematical
relation, one with the other,

00:55:38.583 --> 00:55:40.375
as in musical harmony.

00:55:42.458 --> 00:55:44.667
[harp music]

00:55:44.667 --> 00:55:47.875
Elementary particles have
relations between one another

00:55:47.875 --> 00:55:50.125
which are more like
those of a temple

00:55:50.125 --> 00:55:53.458
than those in Nature that we
can see with the naked eye.

00:56:03.750 --> 00:56:05.708
- I think a completely
symmetric world

00:56:05.708 --> 00:56:07.208
would not be very interesting.

00:56:08.500 --> 00:56:10.042
Life we’ll be impossible.

00:56:39.042 --> 00:56:41.875
- You might say that the
beautiful universe is one where

00:56:41.875 --> 00:56:44.833
all the symmetry are respected,
nothing is broken.

00:56:44.833 --> 00:56:48.000
However, the beautiful world
we live in is where somehow

00:56:48.000 --> 00:56:50.583
all the symmetries
are in a broken face.

00:56:53.292 --> 00:56:58.333
[windchime sounds]

00:57:08.042 --> 00:57:10.542
[harp music]

00:57:53.333 --> 00:57:57.750
People often are more
attracted to men or women

00:57:57.750 --> 00:58:02.208
who are not necessarily
representing perfect beauty.

00:58:03.375 --> 00:58:06.083
So, it is the asymmetry
and the imperfection

00:58:06.083 --> 00:58:07.792
that makes the
person attractive.

00:58:07.792 --> 00:58:12.625
- I think that if you look at a
composite image of the Mona Lisa

00:58:12.625 --> 00:58:16.333
in which this part is reflected
to be the same as that part,

00:58:16.333 --> 00:58:18.708
it would not be a very
interesting picture.

00:58:19.417 --> 00:58:23.042
So, I think that this
idea of broken symmetry

00:58:23.042 --> 00:58:26.625
is something that
artists also understand.

00:58:26.625 --> 00:58:30.583
[harp music]

00:58:47.167 --> 00:58:49.958
- [Narrator] The story goes that
carpet makers would deliberately

00:58:49.958 --> 00:58:54.042
weave a slight defect into
their symmetrical designs.

00:58:55.375 --> 00:58:59.375
They were afraid that, if the
symmetry were too perfect,

00:58:59.958 --> 00:59:03.333
their souls would be trapped
in the carpet for eternity.

00:59:25.333 --> 00:59:30.125
[atmospheric sounds]

01:00:40.000 --> 01:00:45.958
- I think that the universe
knows nothing about beauty,

01:00:45.958 --> 01:00:48.833
it knows nothing
about people,

01:00:48.833 --> 01:00:50.500
it knows nothing
about consciousness.

01:00:50.500 --> 01:00:54.625
Scientists and people perceive
beauty in the universe

01:00:55.625 --> 01:00:58.875
but I think that this
concept of beauty

01:00:58.875 --> 01:01:01.375
is for me a human construct.

01:01:06.333 --> 01:01:07.833
- [Álvarez-Gaumé] One thing that
is interesting is that Weinberg,

01:01:07.833 --> 01:01:10.625
who is certainly someone who
admires and likes the beauty

01:01:10.625 --> 01:01:13.083
that we see around us, says
something that is shocking,

01:01:13.083 --> 01:01:15.167
and many people find it
shocking, which is that

01:01:15.167 --> 01:01:16.708
the more we know
about the universe,

01:01:16.708 --> 01:01:19.083
the more it seems pointless.

01:01:19.083 --> 01:01:21.667
That means that we begin
to learn that somehow

01:01:21.667 --> 01:01:23.583
the laws of nature
have no purpose.

01:01:36.583 --> 01:01:39.833
[discordant orchestra music]

01:02:01.333 --> 01:02:05.083
[drumbeat]

01:02:27.667 --> 01:02:34.333
- [Gelfand] There is an infinite
spectrum of shades of beauty.

01:02:36.167 --> 01:02:41.208
Beauty to me is the abyss,

01:02:42.250 --> 01:02:50.708
that which cannot
by any means be

01:02:50.708 --> 01:02:56.833
defined or categorized
or simplified...

01:02:57.125 --> 01:03:00.125
It is something that
is transcendent.

01:03:01.000 --> 01:03:04.292
[dark orchestral music]

01:03:26.000 --> 01:03:27.917
- [Gormley] I prefer
truth to beauty,

01:03:28.458 --> 01:03:32.500
because I think truth has
less to do with taste

01:03:33.208 --> 01:03:35.750
and more to do with fact.

01:03:39.167 --> 01:03:40.625
And I think this is
true in science,

01:03:40.625 --> 01:03:45.250
in the same way that
science has escaped from

01:03:45.250 --> 01:03:48.000
traditional ideas of beauty.

01:03:48.000 --> 01:03:55.208
And the reassurances of
those notions of beauty

01:03:56.625 --> 01:03:57.625
are over.

01:03:58.958 --> 01:04:03.667
And we are left with, yes,
doubt as our yardstick.

01:04:14.292 --> 01:04:18.375
- [Man] Humans are
predisposed to see beauty,

01:04:18.375 --> 01:04:20.667
and maybe that's the
most interesting thing,

01:04:21.083 --> 01:04:23.625
is that we detect beauty.

01:04:24.542 --> 01:04:27.750
And the LHC is a giant detector.
It's detecting something else,

01:04:27.750 --> 01:04:29.333
maybe that is what
it's detecting,

01:04:29.333 --> 01:04:33.208
is the foundation of beauty, not
just the foundation of matter.

01:04:38.292 --> 01:04:42.333
[violin music]

01:04:48.667 --> 01:04:52.958
- [Narrator] The heart of
matter is free, unpredictable.

01:04:53.792 --> 01:04:56.167
Billions of collisions,
and every time the result

01:04:56.167 --> 01:04:57.875
is different from before.

01:04:59.458 --> 01:05:03.917
Here, matter shows its
character of energy and dance.

01:05:46.875 --> 01:05:50.875
The search goes on, no one can
know whether the LHC will reveal

01:05:50.875 --> 01:05:54.500
a fresh surprise in a month,
a year, or never again.

01:05:55.083 --> 01:05:58.000
I’ve come to understand
that true scientists love,

01:05:58.000 --> 01:06:01.375
above all else, what
they do not yet know.

01:06:01.625 --> 01:06:05.292
We are ministers of
doubt, one said to me.

01:06:33.833 --> 01:06:36.750
- [Narrator] Scientists are not
afraid of chaos and uncertainty.

01:06:39.333 --> 01:06:42.583
But when telling a story,
so as not to get lost,

01:06:42.583 --> 01:06:44.917
you need something that
puts things in order.

01:06:47.875 --> 01:06:51.250
Every story has an ending
because human beings have

01:06:51.250 --> 01:06:56.208
a weakness, they always try
to see a meaning in things.

01:06:58.833 --> 01:07:02.458
[atmospheric music]

01:08:18.583 --> 01:08:21.208
Not far from Geneva,
forty thousand years ago,

01:08:21.208 --> 01:08:24.417
somebody ventured into this
cave in the south of France.

01:08:26.000 --> 01:08:27.958
We do not know exactly why.

01:08:37.583 --> 01:08:40.625
There is a widespread
tradition among many peoples

01:08:41.042 --> 01:08:43.000
that if a hunt is
to be successful,

01:08:43.583 --> 01:08:46.375
it must be preceded by a vision.

01:08:51.583 --> 01:08:55.792
Of the human beings who painted
these figures we know nothing.

01:08:57.583 --> 01:08:59.667
The only thing we
can be certain of

01:09:00.083 --> 01:09:03.000
is that they retreated
from the visible world

01:09:03.000 --> 01:09:07.500
to trace images of Nature
made of order and beauty.

01:09:14.167 --> 01:09:18.708
In the darkness and silence of
a cave they held their breath

01:09:18.708 --> 01:09:21.792
and then blew spittle
and paint onto the rock.

01:09:43.208 --> 01:09:45.125
[high notes]

01:09:56.458 --> 01:10:00.750
[discordant orchestra music]