WEBVTT

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(singing in foreign language)

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(singing in foreign language)

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(singing in foreign language)

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(dramatic music)

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I had known Erica for just over two years,

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and we had established a relationship.

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And she was doing well.

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She was thriving.

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Well, at least that's what I thought.

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She was young.

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Her future was bright.

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She had deliberately self-harmed in the past.

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But I did think we were on top of things

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until I got that call from Erica's mother.

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I think every psychiatrist's worst nightmare

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is waking up to a call,

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to be told, "Your patient has taken their own life."

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She had hang herself from a mango tree

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in the family garden.

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The first thing I asked was,

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"Why didn't you come to the hospital?"

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She didn't have the $15 for the bus fare to come to me,

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to my hospital to get services.

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My life changed.

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(uplifting music)

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What motivated me to become a psychiatrist

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was the death of a colleague when I was at medical school.

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His name was Zev.

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No one really expected Zev to take his own life.

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He was full of life.

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I started asking a lot of questions

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about how someone who seems happy, jovial

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can suddenly decide life is not worth it.

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(uplifting music)

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In a country of 16 million people,

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I am one of only 12 psychiatrists.

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Zimbabwe has one of the highest rates

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of suicide in the region,

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but we don't really talk about it.

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(speaking in foreign language)

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We had a very high rates of anxiety, depression,

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PTSD or post traumatic stress disorder.

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(suspenseful music)

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Zimbabwe has gone through several generations of trauma.

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The first generation of trauma came because of colonialism.

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Our land was taken over by English settlers

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and our spiritual leaders were hanged from trees.

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(suspenseful music)

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From there you have the Liberation War against British rule,

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which resulted in thousands of people dying,

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and that's when Robert Mugabe took over.

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[Protesters] Robert, Robert, Robert!

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[Dixon] And then after that trauma,

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you had Gukurahundi,

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a genocide led by Mugabe's government,

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largely against the Ndebele speaking people,

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more than 20,000 of them were massacred.

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The trauma in this country has affected everybody.

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You know, Black, whites, colored, Indians,

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everybody is affected,

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but it's hardly spoken about.

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(house crumbling)

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And, of course, on top of all of that,

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then you have the tragic cleanup operation,

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which was notoriously referred to

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as Operation Murambatsvina,

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which literally means removing the filth.

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It was a large scale campaign

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to forcibly clear slum areas across Zimbabwe,

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mostly the poorest communities

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in and around the capitol, Harare.

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It was just chaos everywhere.

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It looked like there'd been an earthquake

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because buildings were destroyed left, right, and center.

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Operation Clean Filth,

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that's another thing that is definitely

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the West has seen that and wondered why?

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No.
That's why you did that.

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Blowing things outta proportion.

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Now, how many people were moved out

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of their homes in your estimation?

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Well, the numbers that Britain gave were exaggerated.

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We've heard, seven to 800,000.

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No, of course not, that absolute nonsense.

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I don't think the number was more than I would...

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I don't think it's very small than 100,000 really.

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(suspenseful music)

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More than 2 million people in the country lost their homes

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and people were never actually given any form

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of meaningful therapy to help them deal with the PTSD.

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(gentle music)

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Something changed within me.

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And then I have Erica who's just died,

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and I have this sense of immense guilt.

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All these things really got me thinking.

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What was my role as a psychiatrist?

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(gentle music)

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With suicide rates so high,

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the trauma in Zimbabwe was so obvious.

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Even the government became aware

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that it was a serious problem.

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As one of the very few psychiatrists in the country,

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I was told, do something about it.

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Do something about it,

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but there's no money,

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and you can't use any of the buildings.

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There's just no room.

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There's already too many people

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coming to the clinics to get care.

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And I was also told I can't work with the nurses

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because the nurses are busy,

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taking care of people who are HIV positive,

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taking care of pregnant women.

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(child crying)

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There were a bunch of grandmothers

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that worked at the clinics.

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They used to provide HIV awareness to the population.

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And I was told,

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"You can have these 14 grandmothers."

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They said, "There's no one else."

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(singing in foreign language)

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Naturally, I was skeptical,

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and there was resistance from a lot of my colleagues,

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doctors, psychiatrists.

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This would not work.

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The first grandmother I interacted with,

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he kept saying, "This is just not going to work."

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It's impossible to train a grandmother

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with minimal education

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to provide basic cognitive behavioral therapy.

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But there was no harm in trying it.

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I had nothing else.

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One of the first grandmothers

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that I was introduced to, was Gogo Hwiza,

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who was a freedom fighter during the Civil War.

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In fact, she famously provided shelter

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to a group of heavily armed fighters

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as they prepared to blow up a shell gas plant,

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which was a crucial turning point

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in securing victory for the rebels.

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(singing in foreign language)

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More than that I think.

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Yeah.

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Around 50 or so. (laughs)

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(singing in foreign language)

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(Gogo Hwiza laughs)

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(Gogo Hwiza and kid laughs)

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When you go talk to Gogo Hwiza,

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you feel relieved.

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She's someone you can talk to about your problems.

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And at times she will not solve it,

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but just talking to Gogo Hwiza will make you relieved.

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You feel relieved,

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because even if you look at her age,

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she's around 89.

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So she has come across most of the things

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that trouble us as young adults.

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You see that she has been there.

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She's such a good person to us as a community.

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Mental health is best delivered within communities

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by people who live in those communities.

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Yes, yes, yes (speaking in foreign language)

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Hi, hi.
Yes, yes, yes.

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Hi.

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Gogo means grandmother in the Mbare language.

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Grandmothers are the custodians of local culture and wisdom.

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And they do not leave their communities

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for greener pastures.

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Gogo, Gogo, Gogo, Gogo, Gogo,

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Gogo, Gogo, Gogo, Gogo, Gogo,

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Gogo, Gogo, Gogo, Gogo, Gogo.

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It was with the first group of Gogos

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that we started what we called The Friendship Bench.

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(gentle music)

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(bright music)

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(Dr. Dixon and Gogo Hwiza laughs)

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(singing in foreign language)

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We went for training for eight weeks.

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During that training we were 50,

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and outta 50, I was the top student.

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So from there

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we were deployed in clinics.

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[Dixon] Friendship benches are located

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in primary healthcare clinics.

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(baby crying)

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When we first started,

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we were perceived by some people

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working with City of Harare

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as possibly being political,

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you know, trying to prove a point

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that the government had messed up.

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So there was a lot of apprehension.

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And so for a long time,

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I had to support Friendship Bench out of pocket,

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you know, using my salary

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as a psychiatrist at the government hospital.

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When I first talked about the high magnitude

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of common mental disorders in Zimbabwe,

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some journalists from the SABC said,

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"Prominent psychiatrists says 80% of Zimbabweans are mad."

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And I was summoned to the government.

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And I told them, "No, I didn't say people are mad,

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but people have common mental disorders

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and post-traumatic stress disorder."

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And I was instructed that same day to go on radio

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and make that correction.

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And I had to do it.

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Most people in African communities

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will first go to inspirational healer

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or a prophet, you know, to get help

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because those kind of interventions are low hanging fruits.

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They are everywhere in communities.

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Jesus outta the crowd.

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In the name of Jesus.

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Jesus!

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Jesus!

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My big ambition is to make Friendship Bench

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an equally law hanging fruit.

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(group ululating)

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I'm a prophetess.

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This is my shrine.

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When I cast these stones

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they tell me history concerning my patience.

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When they come in here,

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they have been driven by their ancestors

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to come to seek my hand.

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I first of all have to understand the background,

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the history of my patient.

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From the background, that's where I will learn.

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Is my patient mentally ill

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because she was bewitched?

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He was bewitched?

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Or did the illness start from anxiety or depression?

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We can't dismiss human spirituality.

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It's part of what we are.

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But we need to appreciate the different dynamics

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that are at play

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when you're dealing with the human being.

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Human beings are complex beings

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and Friendship Bench on its own

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cannot meet all the needs of human beings.

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(singing in foreign language)

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For some problems,

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people definitely go to a traditional healer.

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(singing in foreign language)

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But I think the traditional healer

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and the prophet should know when to refer,

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you know, escalated to a clinical psychologist

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or a psychiatrist or might need medication.

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(singing in foreign language)

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(uplifting music)

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Here, this is the graveyard of my husband.

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It's where we laid the father of this home.

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And I was left with five children.

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I was 37 years old and he was 43 years old,

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my husband, when he passed away.

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I never had any relationship with anyone.

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I didn't want.

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When I'm coming for the duty,

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I woke up early in the morning around four o'clock

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so that I can feed my grandsons

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and make their lunches to go to school.

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It is a long way from my home

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to the hospital where I do my counseling.

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Sometimes I'm very late.

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I almost take 2 1/2 hours coming here.

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(dramatic music)

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Kufungisisa is a problem which attacks everyone.

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It is depression.

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Kufungisisa literally means thinking too much

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in the Shona language.

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When a patient in his under depression,

273
00:23:19.650 --> 00:23:22.710
he has got many things to think about,

274
00:23:22.710 --> 00:23:24.690
without anyone to share with.

275
00:23:24.690 --> 00:23:28.230
So we are there to counsel that patient

276
00:23:28.230 --> 00:23:32.760
in order to let him be back to his normal mind.

277
00:23:34.410 --> 00:23:37.470
Before I was trained about kufungisisa,

278
00:23:37.470 --> 00:23:41.310
I was one of the patient with that kufungisisa.

279
00:23:41.310 --> 00:23:44.250
Even to sleep, I couldn't sleep.

280
00:23:44.250 --> 00:23:47.980
No sleep, almost two hours being

281
00:23:49.770 --> 00:23:53.340
blinking the eyes in the blankets.

282
00:23:53.340 --> 00:23:55.930
So when I was trained

283
00:23:55.930 --> 00:23:57.810
and I saw that kufungisisa is something

284
00:23:57.810 --> 00:24:01.050
which can be damage me,

285
00:24:01.050 --> 00:24:02.260
I started

286
00:24:04.440 --> 00:24:08.114
dropping down, down, down till now,

287
00:24:08.114 --> 00:24:10.050
and now I'm okay.

288
00:24:10.050 --> 00:24:13.603
Nothing can force me into kufungisisa.

289
00:24:37.778 --> 00:24:40.611
(water splashing)

290
00:24:42.030 --> 00:24:43.350
So maybe before we begin,

291
00:24:43.350 --> 00:24:45.570
before you left, so this team was smaller,

292
00:24:45.570 --> 00:24:46.680
but now it's now bigger.

293
00:24:46.680 --> 00:24:47.670
I can see that.

294
00:24:47.670 --> 00:24:50.010
Where did people come from?

295
00:24:50.010 --> 00:24:52.560
(attendees laughs)

296
00:24:52.560 --> 00:24:55.530
Yeah, so you remember me telling you

297
00:24:55.530 --> 00:24:57.270
that we want to hire interns.
Yes.

298
00:24:57.270 --> 00:24:58.920
So these are the additional interns.

299
00:24:58.920 --> 00:25:00.630
The new faces are all interns.

300
00:25:00.630 --> 00:25:03.240
PhD students from mid and state university.

301
00:25:03.240 --> 00:25:04.440
And they're the ones

302
00:25:04.440 --> 00:25:07.170
who have been helping us out with the field work.

303
00:25:07.170 --> 00:25:08.929
Welcome, welcome to all of you.

304
00:25:08.929 --> 00:25:09.762
Thank you.
Welcome.

305
00:25:09.762 --> 00:25:10.680
Okay, alright.

306
00:25:10.680 --> 00:25:14.460
So guys please with Prof. Chibanda,

307
00:25:14.460 --> 00:25:17.370
the founder and originator of the Friendship Bench.

308
00:25:17.370 --> 00:25:19.020
The reason why we're all here.

309
00:25:19.020 --> 00:25:21.339
So maybe please give him.

310
00:25:21.339 --> 00:25:24.930
(attendees applauding)
(Dixon laughs)

311
00:25:24.930 --> 00:25:25.812
Thank you.

312
00:25:25.812 --> 00:25:27.090
Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, it's necessary.

313
00:25:27.090 --> 00:25:28.770
If it wasn't for you, we wouldn't be here.

314
00:25:28.770 --> 00:25:31.890
So it's always good to pay homage to our pioneers

315
00:25:31.890 --> 00:25:34.402
who've made sure that we're here, okay.

316
00:25:34.402 --> 00:25:36.000
Let's get into the work.

317
00:25:36.000 --> 00:25:36.833
Yeah.

318
00:25:36.833 --> 00:25:38.823
So the peak is now in Shona, yes?

319
00:25:38.823 --> 00:25:39.960
Yes, yeah.

320
00:25:39.960 --> 00:25:44.457
So the grandmothers were using this with the clients?

321
00:25:44.457 --> 00:25:46.353
Yes.
Okay.

322
00:25:47.400 --> 00:25:49.740
Did we get any feedback from the grandmothers

323
00:25:49.740 --> 00:25:52.950
about the acceptability of using this?

324
00:25:52.950 --> 00:25:53.880
By the looks of it,

325
00:25:53.880 --> 00:25:55.380
it's quite easy to understand,

326
00:25:55.380 --> 00:25:56.460
according to them.

327
00:25:56.460 --> 00:25:57.720
They like the pictures.

328
00:25:57.720 --> 00:25:58.710
It's brief.

329
00:25:58.710 --> 00:25:59.940
There's not too many words

330
00:25:59.940 --> 00:26:02.139
and the pictures actually help

331
00:26:02.139 --> 00:26:03.840
drive the message home.

332
00:26:03.840 --> 00:26:05.100
So it was quite really...

333
00:26:05.100 --> 00:26:06.300
And it's small,

334
00:26:06.300 --> 00:26:07.500
the size as you can see it.

335
00:26:07.500 --> 00:26:08.700
I think it's-
Yeah.

336
00:26:08.700 --> 00:26:11.460
It almost a 10th of our original manual.

337
00:26:11.460 --> 00:26:12.510
All right, good.

338
00:26:12.510 --> 00:26:13.968
That's good. Brilliant.

339
00:26:13.968 --> 00:26:16.551
(gentle music)

340
00:26:18.450 --> 00:26:20.299
Language is important.

341
00:26:20.299 --> 00:26:22.470
(gentle music)

342
00:26:22.470 --> 00:26:24.840
The challenge that we face in today's world

343
00:26:24.840 --> 00:26:27.780
is everything is medicalized,

344
00:26:27.780 --> 00:26:29.523
especially in mental health.

345
00:26:30.510 --> 00:26:33.060
By removing that medicalization,

346
00:26:33.060 --> 00:26:36.570
we make it possible for ordinary people

347
00:26:36.570 --> 00:26:41.043
like grandmothers to assist those who are in need.

348
00:26:42.570 --> 00:26:45.300
One of the reasons why mental health

349
00:26:45.300 --> 00:26:48.780
is stigmatized in Africa

350
00:26:48.780 --> 00:26:52.500
and in a lot of places is because we are told

351
00:26:52.500 --> 00:26:57.060
or taught these Western terms

352
00:26:57.060 --> 00:27:01.230
we have to use to sort of navigate through the symptoms

353
00:27:01.230 --> 00:27:04.443
that people are going through or experiencing.

354
00:27:05.970 --> 00:27:08.490
The grandmothers use local terms

355
00:27:08.490 --> 00:27:10.680
to navigate through sessions.

356
00:27:10.680 --> 00:27:13.950
When you talk to people and say you've got depression

357
00:27:13.950 --> 00:27:18.150
or you've got bipolar, you lose them instantly.

358
00:27:18.150 --> 00:27:20.970
So we have to use local language,

359
00:27:20.970 --> 00:27:24.070
particularly Indigenous idioms of distress.

360
00:27:24.070 --> 00:27:26.653
(bright music)

361
00:27:54.084 --> 00:27:56.751
(bright music)

362
00:28:15.180 --> 00:28:17.790
My name is Kudakwashe Mutimbangoma.

363
00:28:17.790 --> 00:28:20.520
I am 47 years old.

364
00:28:20.520 --> 00:28:25.520
I'm here at the clinic to collect my medication.

365
00:28:25.590 --> 00:28:26.820
I'm living positive,

366
00:28:26.820 --> 00:28:31.170
so I want to collect my ARVs at the clinic.

367
00:28:31.170 --> 00:28:33.120
I ask the nurse,

368
00:28:33.120 --> 00:28:36.990
what those people sitting at the benches doing?

369
00:28:36.990 --> 00:28:40.593
And she told me that they are Friendship Bench counselors.

370
00:28:42.120 --> 00:28:45.960
Depression when not treated in people

371
00:28:45.960 --> 00:28:48.210
who are living with HIV,

372
00:28:48.210 --> 00:28:50.340
it can actually increase

373
00:28:50.340 --> 00:28:54.300
or hasten the progression of HIV disease.

374
00:28:54.300 --> 00:28:57.210
People who have kufungisisa are less likely

375
00:28:57.210 --> 00:28:59.460
to take their medication.

376
00:28:59.460 --> 00:29:04.110
People who have kufungisisa due to the biological change

377
00:29:04.110 --> 00:29:06.150
that occurs in their bodies

378
00:29:06.150 --> 00:29:08.940
may not respond well to medication.

379
00:29:08.940 --> 00:29:12.857
So it becomes critical to manage mental health issues.

380
00:31:40.860 --> 00:31:43.680
I am the youngest Gogo.

381
00:31:43.680 --> 00:31:45.137
It's like South Clinic.

382
00:34:53.577 --> 00:34:55.620
One of the main differences with Friendship Bench,

383
00:34:55.620 --> 00:34:57.450
we don't believe in the Western model

384
00:34:57.450 --> 00:34:59.880
where you've got to have X number of sessions

385
00:34:59.880 --> 00:35:02.040
before a solution is found.

386
00:35:02.040 --> 00:35:03.990
You gotta have a solution on the first day

387
00:35:03.990 --> 00:35:05.310
that you sit on the bench.

388
00:35:05.310 --> 00:35:07.560
Our people are extremely mobile.

389
00:35:07.560 --> 00:35:10.890
Someone will be coming from Ruwa from the village.

390
00:35:10.890 --> 00:35:12.990
And then you can't say to that person,

391
00:35:12.990 --> 00:35:15.540
we won't figure out a solution

392
00:35:15.540 --> 00:35:17.820
until you come for four sessions.

393
00:35:17.820 --> 00:35:19.170
So that's one of the things

394
00:35:19.170 --> 00:35:20.880
that we train all our grandmothers.

395
00:35:20.880 --> 00:35:24.360
First session, a client should walk away with something,

396
00:35:24.360 --> 00:35:26.460
something that is tangible.

397
00:35:26.460 --> 00:35:29.260
We want our client to learn to solve your own problems.

398
00:35:29.260 --> 00:35:32.850
If he tells up to about four problems,

399
00:35:32.850 --> 00:35:36.543
we tell our clients, choose one problem.

400
00:35:37.530 --> 00:35:39.240
One major problem.

401
00:35:39.240 --> 00:35:42.540
We ask, when did that problem start?

402
00:35:42.540 --> 00:35:44.370
How did it start?

403
00:35:44.370 --> 00:35:47.490
How do you think you can solve that problem?

404
00:35:47.490 --> 00:35:51.097
We ask, do you remember a person

405
00:35:51.097 --> 00:35:53.760
who had a problem such as yours?

406
00:35:53.760 --> 00:35:57.990
How did that person solve that problem?

407
00:35:57.990 --> 00:36:02.620
Is there anyone whom you can tell about your problem?

408
00:36:03.713 --> 00:36:05.250
Not me, Gogo.

409
00:36:05.250 --> 00:36:06.367
Someone will answer,

410
00:36:06.367 --> 00:36:08.940
"I can tell my uncle, I can tell my aunt.

411
00:36:08.940 --> 00:36:11.370
I can even go to church."

412
00:36:11.370 --> 00:36:14.530
So I ask, "Is it possible

413
00:36:15.780 --> 00:36:20.430
to go to your uncle or your aunt or to go to church?"

414
00:36:20.430 --> 00:36:22.740
She always says, "It's possible."

415
00:36:22.740 --> 00:36:25.590
I ask, "When do you think you can go?"

416
00:36:25.590 --> 00:36:28.680
I think I might go there this weekend.

417
00:36:28.680 --> 00:36:31.890
So I give a next appointment date

418
00:36:31.890 --> 00:36:34.675
to come and tell me what came after.

419
00:36:34.675 --> 00:36:36.900
(gentle music)

420
00:36:36.900 --> 00:36:40.050
The world generally is very skeptical

421
00:36:40.050 --> 00:36:43.980
of anything that emerges from Africa.

422
00:36:43.980 --> 00:36:45.870
There's a lot of skepticism.

423
00:36:45.870 --> 00:36:50.160
And this was one of the reasons why I deliberately

424
00:36:50.160 --> 00:36:53.190
decided we have to anchor everything

425
00:36:53.190 --> 00:36:57.120
that we do in research to keep doing the science,

426
00:36:57.120 --> 00:36:59.630
keep publishing the work that we are doing.

427
00:36:59.630 --> 00:37:04.320
So the whole world sees that this is embedded in science,

428
00:37:04.320 --> 00:37:06.960
and the friendship bench is now part

429
00:37:06.960 --> 00:37:11.100
of the government of Zimbabwe's strategic plan

430
00:37:11.100 --> 00:37:13.143
for mental health for the whole country.

431
00:37:14.342 --> 00:37:18.175
(singing in foreign language)

432
00:37:51.415 --> 00:37:56.415
(speaker laughs)
(Gogos applauding)

433
00:38:09.733 --> 00:38:11.970
Just a mere sadness.

434
00:38:11.970 --> 00:38:14.280
But kufungisisa is a health condition.

435
00:38:14.280 --> 00:38:15.753
A mental health condition.

436
00:38:50.130 --> 00:38:51.400
Alright, and now Gogo

437
00:38:54.150 --> 00:38:56.100
And then just tell them something nice.

438
00:38:58.020 --> 00:39:00.370
Supposed to have health relationships

439
00:39:04.800 --> 00:39:09.053
depression, stress, so tell them something nice.

440
00:39:09.053 --> 00:39:11.970
(Gogos chattering)

441
00:39:15.180 --> 00:39:17.850
I think we've managed to complete all the trainings

442
00:39:17.850 --> 00:39:20.250
that we had planned for the province.

443
00:39:20.250 --> 00:39:21.480
For the year.
For the year.

444
00:39:21.480 --> 00:39:22.313
Yes.

445
00:39:22.313 --> 00:39:24.090
So how many have we trained in total?

446
00:39:24.090 --> 00:39:29.010
We've trained about 220 grandmothers.

447
00:39:29.010 --> 00:39:31.350
Okay, that's good.
Across the four districts.

448
00:39:31.350 --> 00:39:34.847
So Kwekwe, Shurugwi, Gweru, and Zvishavane.

449
00:39:34.847 --> 00:39:36.077
So are there 200 all seeing clients?

450
00:39:38.880 --> 00:39:39.713
Not yet.

451
00:39:39.713 --> 00:39:43.020
From the 200, 140 are seeing clients

452
00:39:43.020 --> 00:39:46.350
because the other 60 we just recently trained.

453
00:39:46.350 --> 00:39:48.630
So they're still going through their internship

454
00:39:48.630 --> 00:39:52.170
and they only start seeing clients in October.

455
00:39:52.170 --> 00:39:54.120
[Dixon] Okay, approximately,

456
00:39:54.120 --> 00:39:56.280
how many clients have been seeing

457
00:39:56.280 --> 00:39:59.580
so far this year in Midlands?

458
00:39:59.580 --> 00:40:03.216
We've seen just below 10,000 clients.

459
00:40:03.216 --> 00:40:04.200
[Dixon] Okay.

460
00:40:04.200 --> 00:40:06.513
I think this was the last week's update.

461
00:40:08.190 --> 00:40:09.510
By the end of the year,

462
00:40:09.510 --> 00:40:12.840
we should have over 2,000 grandmothers

463
00:40:12.840 --> 00:40:15.659
delivering the Friendship Bench in the country.

464
00:40:15.659 --> 00:40:18.326
(gentle music)

465
00:41:24.550 --> 00:41:26.580
Since the Friendship Bench has shifted

466
00:41:26.580 --> 00:41:27.930
its focus from the clinics

467
00:41:27.930 --> 00:41:30.600
and is now focusing more on community work,

468
00:41:30.600 --> 00:41:32.160
we now see that the idea of them

469
00:41:32.160 --> 00:41:34.290
having to walk long distances to places,

470
00:41:34.290 --> 00:41:36.450
you know, it's affecting them.

471
00:41:36.450 --> 00:41:41.040
They can't cover a much larger radius for simple reasons.

472
00:41:41.040 --> 00:41:42.030
They are now old.

473
00:41:42.030 --> 00:41:43.920
They get tired too quickly.

474
00:41:43.920 --> 00:41:46.353
So we realize that is affecting our reach.

475
00:42:03.568 --> 00:42:05.333
(bell ringing)

476
00:42:05.333 --> 00:42:06.558
Oh, can you hear that?

477
00:42:06.558 --> 00:42:09.690
(bell ringing)
(Dixon laughs)

478
00:42:09.690 --> 00:42:11.130
Let's go

479
00:42:11.130 --> 00:42:14.473
on a buffalo bicycle. (laughs)

480
00:42:17.250 --> 00:42:21.240
So I'm just so happy to welcome our team in Zaka.

481
00:42:21.240 --> 00:42:25.350
Our medical team is here representing 25 sites

482
00:42:25.350 --> 00:42:27.480
that we work from as Friendship Bench.

483
00:42:27.480 --> 00:42:29.370
The challenges that we faced

484
00:42:29.370 --> 00:42:32.670
are some of the reasons why we are here with bicycles.

485
00:42:32.670 --> 00:42:34.320
In the rural setting,

486
00:42:34.320 --> 00:42:36.330
we would find that we'd lose a lot of clients.

487
00:42:36.330 --> 00:42:37.980
We see them for the first time,

488
00:42:37.980 --> 00:42:39.000
they don't come back again

489
00:42:39.000 --> 00:42:40.800
because they live a distance far.

490
00:42:40.800 --> 00:42:43.170
They've got so many things that they want to deal with

491
00:42:43.170 --> 00:42:44.550
rather than to walk to the clinic

492
00:42:44.550 --> 00:42:47.580
for a counseling session seven kilometers away.

493
00:42:47.580 --> 00:42:50.880
So therefore, we brought in this mode of transportation

494
00:42:50.880 --> 00:42:52.620
for our lay health workers us to follow up

495
00:42:52.620 --> 00:42:55.503
those people who are at home to see how they're doing.

496
00:42:56.428 --> 00:43:01.424
(Gogos ululating)
(Gogos applauding)

497
00:43:01.424 --> 00:43:06.424
(speaking in foreign language)
(Gogo cheering)

498
00:43:12.744 --> 00:43:14.010
I am very happy.

499
00:43:14.010 --> 00:43:15.930
More than the word happy.

500
00:43:15.930 --> 00:43:19.230
I never expected that I could come and get a bike.

501
00:43:20.570 --> 00:43:22.819
But this is marvelous.

502
00:43:22.819 --> 00:43:24.870
It's a miracle in my life.

503
00:43:24.870 --> 00:43:27.614
So Gogo, how long did you walk before you had a bike?

504
00:43:27.614 --> 00:43:32.310
About 5Ks, sometimes about 3Ks.

505
00:43:32.310 --> 00:43:34.770
The nearest client,

506
00:43:34.770 --> 00:43:37.470
two kilometers away from my home,

507
00:43:37.470 --> 00:43:38.520
away from the clinic.

508
00:43:39.782 --> 00:43:42.147
Yeah, so I'm very happy.

509
00:43:42.147 --> 00:43:43.041
Do you know how to ride a bike?

510
00:43:43.041 --> 00:43:44.201
Yes.

511
00:43:44.201 --> 00:43:45.034
Yes.

512
00:43:47.767 --> 00:43:50.684
(Gogos chattering)

513
00:43:52.099 --> 00:43:55.932
(singing in foreign language)

514
00:44:12.245 --> 00:44:14.828
(gentle music)

515
00:44:41.975 --> 00:44:44.558
(gentle music)

516
00:44:47.210 --> 00:44:49.009
♪ This is my bike ♪

517
00:44:49.009 --> 00:44:50.764
♪ It belongs to me ♪

518
00:44:50.764 --> 00:44:52.550
♪ It is my bike ♪

519
00:44:52.550 --> 00:44:54.805
♪ The bike is mine ♪

520
00:44:54.805 --> 00:44:57.072
♪ Ye, ye, ye, ye, ye, ye ♪

521
00:44:57.072 --> 00:44:58.062
(bell ringing)

522
00:44:58.062 --> 00:44:59.965
(Gogos laughs)

523
00:44:59.965 --> 00:45:02.699
(gentle music)
(bell ringing)

524
00:45:02.699 --> 00:45:05.366
(gentle music)

525
00:45:32.133 --> 00:45:34.716
(gentle music)

526
00:45:59.963 --> 00:46:02.463
(Gogo laughs)

527
00:46:05.088 --> 00:46:07.921
(dramatic music)

528
00:46:13.808 --> 00:46:15.558
We are just volunteers.

529
00:46:15.558 --> 00:46:17.548
A volunteer does not have pay.

530
00:46:17.548 --> 00:46:18.631
So it's hard.

531
00:46:20.069 --> 00:46:23.371
But as a counselor who likes a job,

532
00:46:23.371 --> 00:46:25.704
I don't look at that so much

533
00:46:27.106 --> 00:46:29.250
because I have to do it.

534
00:46:29.250 --> 00:46:30.540
To make my...

535
00:46:30.540 --> 00:46:31.953
To change my community.

536
00:46:33.089 --> 00:46:35.672
(gentle music)

537
00:46:44.280 --> 00:46:45.333
Two years.

538
00:46:50.908 --> 00:46:52.680
Allowance $30 per month.

539
00:46:52.680 --> 00:46:53.880
We are still volunteers.

540
00:46:53.880 --> 00:46:55.620
Next year, we are still volunteer.

541
00:46:55.620 --> 00:46:58.440
My allowance is (singing in foreign language)

542
00:46:58.440 --> 00:46:59.700
And uniforms.

543
00:46:59.700 --> 00:47:00.813
And my uniforms.

544
00:47:04.464 --> 00:47:05.638
Yes.

545
00:47:05.638 --> 00:47:08.400
I think it is because of our ages.

546
00:47:08.400 --> 00:47:12.350
Who can employ an old lead like me? (laughs)

547
00:47:12.350 --> 00:47:13.613
I think that's the reason.

548
00:47:34.020 --> 00:47:36.570
Zimbabwe economically right now is in,

549
00:47:36.570 --> 00:47:38.070
you know, is in the pits.

550
00:47:38.070 --> 00:47:40.650
We have got limited funds which also limits

551
00:47:40.650 --> 00:47:42.753
how much we can then give the Gogos.

552
00:47:44.040 --> 00:47:46.140
Like now they are price hikes.

553
00:47:46.140 --> 00:47:49.020
The prices of basic commodities,

554
00:47:49.020 --> 00:47:50.670
they're increasing day by day.

555
00:47:50.670 --> 00:47:54.300
So this small stipend that we give them

556
00:47:54.300 --> 00:47:56.220
cannot give them much.

557
00:47:56.220 --> 00:47:58.290
They cannot buy much stuff.

558
00:47:58.290 --> 00:48:00.090
Let's also remember that these grandmothers

559
00:48:00.090 --> 00:48:02.970
have got grandchildren that they're taking care of.

560
00:48:02.970 --> 00:48:06.000
And these children, they need to have their school fees paid

561
00:48:06.000 --> 00:48:08.580
to be able to have something to eat,

562
00:48:08.580 --> 00:48:11.223
and sometimes it's not really enough.

563
00:48:12.652 --> 00:48:14.836
Gogos saves people's lives.

564
00:48:14.836 --> 00:48:17.376
(Gogo Hwiza laughs)

565
00:48:17.376 --> 00:48:21.570
I've got nine grandchildren and I live with six of them.

566
00:48:21.570 --> 00:48:24.273
I take care of them, they take care of me also.

567
00:48:25.530 --> 00:48:28.680
Most governments in Sub-Saharan Africa

568
00:48:28.680 --> 00:48:30.780
according to the World Health Organization

569
00:48:31.620 --> 00:48:36.620
allocate less than 1% of the health budget to mental health.

570
00:48:37.860 --> 00:48:41.340
And unfortunately, that less than 1%

571
00:48:41.340 --> 00:48:45.450
is actually going towards supporting institutions

572
00:48:45.450 --> 00:48:49.680
like Ngomahuru, Harare Hospital Psychiatry.

573
00:48:49.680 --> 00:48:51.870
Those institutions are important,

574
00:48:51.870 --> 00:48:56.010
but most of the people requiring mental health services

575
00:48:56.010 --> 00:48:59.730
actually don't need to be in an institution.

576
00:48:59.730 --> 00:49:03.360
If we want to see real change,

577
00:49:03.360 --> 00:49:08.055
we need to put more resources in the community.

578
00:49:08.055 --> 00:49:10.722
(gentle music)

579
00:49:12.600 --> 00:49:16.920
Gogo referred me to Zimbabwe Women Lawyers Association.

580
00:49:16.920 --> 00:49:19.740
The lawyers, they were there for me,

581
00:49:19.740 --> 00:49:22.653
to stand by me until the day of judgment.

582
00:49:24.780 --> 00:49:29.625
So today, I've come to update Gogo Rosie.

583
00:49:29.625 --> 00:49:32.542
Hi, Gogo.
It's so good to see you.

584
00:49:33.825 --> 00:49:35.075
How are you?

585
00:50:03.385 --> 00:50:05.968
(gentle music)

586
00:50:30.541 --> 00:50:33.541
(children cheering)

587
00:50:37.924 --> 00:50:41.610
Most men are comfortable to speak to me because I'm a man.

588
00:50:41.610 --> 00:50:43.050
Some of them would present

589
00:50:43.050 --> 00:50:47.520
with the issues they consider very much confidential

590
00:50:47.520 --> 00:50:51.960
and wouldn't want woman counselor to hear those issues.

591
00:50:51.960 --> 00:50:55.020
Especially when men are are presenting

592
00:50:55.020 --> 00:50:58.683
at the facility with the STIs.

593
00:50:59.550 --> 00:51:02.940
They wouldn't want women to know.

594
00:51:02.940 --> 00:51:05.310
But when there is a man, yes, they're comfortable,

595
00:51:05.310 --> 00:51:07.950
Sekuru, "I've got my issue,"

596
00:51:07.950 --> 00:51:09.060
then "Okay, fine.

597
00:51:09.060 --> 00:51:11.370
Let's go sit down, What's happening?"

598
00:51:11.370 --> 00:51:13.173
Then they can easily tell you.

599
00:51:14.460 --> 00:51:18.270
I think most men do not want to come for help.

600
00:51:18.270 --> 00:51:21.387
Maybe this macho feeling that no,

601
00:51:21.387 --> 00:51:22.890
I'm a man, I can cope.

602
00:51:22.890 --> 00:51:24.420
I'm a man, I can cope.

603
00:51:24.420 --> 00:51:25.950
So men by nature,

604
00:51:25.950 --> 00:51:28.680
I think they are not readily available

605
00:51:28.680 --> 00:51:31.680
for mental health issues.

606
00:51:31.680 --> 00:51:35.310
Men are not even prepared to help, neither to be helped.

607
00:51:35.310 --> 00:51:37.650
We have done so many as the health promoters

608
00:51:37.650 --> 00:51:41.274
to encourage the men to come forward.

609
00:51:41.274 --> 00:51:45.107
(singing in foreign language)

610
00:52:03.844 --> 00:52:07.068
(bright music)

611
00:52:07.068 --> 00:52:09.209
My name is Samuel Rapozo.

612
00:52:09.209 --> 00:52:10.650
I'm going to the Friendship Bench

613
00:52:10.650 --> 00:52:13.880
to see Sekuru Diamond for counseling.

614
00:52:13.880 --> 00:52:16.090
So I've got something which was just troubling me,

615
00:52:16.090 --> 00:52:18.603
so I just have to go ease my mind.

616
00:52:19.530 --> 00:52:21.390
The kind of advice it gives me,

617
00:52:21.390 --> 00:52:23.493
it makes me feel okay.

618
00:52:24.838 --> 00:52:25.713
How is home?

619
00:52:25.713 --> 00:52:27.120
Home is school.

620
00:52:27.120 --> 00:52:29.169
Now the wife.
How is your wife?

621
00:52:29.169 --> 00:52:30.994
(client laughs)

622
00:52:30.994 --> 00:52:34.020
The first time I came to the Friendship Bench,

623
00:52:34.020 --> 00:52:35.430
I just discovered that my wife

624
00:52:35.430 --> 00:52:38.163
has been taking HIV pills without me knowing.

625
00:52:39.270 --> 00:52:41.160
So when I found the pills in the house,

626
00:52:41.160 --> 00:52:44.817
I was so frustrated not knowing the condition I was in,

627
00:52:44.817 --> 00:52:47.100
and I said, "You should have opened up to me."

628
00:52:47.100 --> 00:52:49.593
She said, "No, I was just born with the disease."

629
00:52:51.107 --> 00:52:51.940
I was just born with it,

630
00:52:53.850 --> 00:52:57.000
so I couldn't take it, I really couldn't take it.

631
00:52:57.000 --> 00:53:02.000
So it's like our marriage was on the verge of breaking up.

632
00:53:02.250 --> 00:53:03.513
So we went for testing.

633
00:53:07.170 --> 00:53:09.249
That's when I met Sekuru Diamond

634
00:53:09.249 --> 00:53:11.405
and then he counseled us.

635
00:53:11.405 --> 00:53:15.822
And then fortunately, I was found not to be positive.

636
00:53:30.604 --> 00:53:33.271
(client laughs)

637
00:53:50.045 --> 00:53:52.712
(Sekuru laughs)

638
00:54:00.262 --> 00:54:03.180
Since meeting Sekuru Diamond on the Friendship Bench,

639
00:54:03.180 --> 00:54:05.490
we are now bosom buddies.

640
00:54:05.490 --> 00:54:08.970
I just can't spend a week without

641
00:54:08.970 --> 00:54:11.640
one another chatting up to the other.

642
00:54:11.640 --> 00:54:12.933
So we see ourselves,

643
00:54:13.893 --> 00:54:16.230
we are now more than friends.

644
00:54:16.230 --> 00:54:17.580
I say brother.

645
00:54:17.580 --> 00:54:22.580
Personally, I've got my fair share of mental problems.

646
00:54:24.360 --> 00:54:27.150
When I used to grow up, I had lots of friends.

647
00:54:27.150 --> 00:54:31.500
In 1986, a certain teacher of mine,

648
00:54:31.500 --> 00:54:34.200
I remember very well highlighting

649
00:54:34.200 --> 00:54:35.977
or just all alert us that,

650
00:54:35.977 --> 00:54:38.140
"The world you are going out there,

651
00:54:38.140 --> 00:54:40.500
there is a disease called AIDS."

652
00:54:40.500 --> 00:54:44.823
But we are just young and we never took it seriously.

653
00:54:44.823 --> 00:54:47.406
(gentle music)

654
00:54:52.890 --> 00:54:57.570
Imagine having friends who can form two football teams,

655
00:54:57.570 --> 00:54:59.550
which we could go down there

656
00:54:59.550 --> 00:55:02.610
and play in the maize field,

657
00:55:02.610 --> 00:55:04.050
which has just been harvested.

658
00:55:04.050 --> 00:55:07.173
We would creative a soccer field.

659
00:55:08.700 --> 00:55:12.690
But as I'm speaking, out of all those guys,

660
00:55:12.690 --> 00:55:13.620
I'm the one left.

661
00:55:14.790 --> 00:55:16.293
I'm the only one left.

662
00:55:17.400 --> 00:55:19.477
And I don't even have another one to say,

663
00:55:19.477 --> 00:55:21.120
"Hey, do you remember those guys?"

664
00:55:21.120 --> 00:55:22.773
Because they all perished.

665
00:55:23.640 --> 00:55:28.020
There is no funeral that I missed of all those people.

666
00:55:28.020 --> 00:55:29.786
I was so depressed to the level

667
00:55:29.786 --> 00:55:34.080
of even just shutting myself inside my room

668
00:55:34.080 --> 00:55:35.820
and not going anywhere.

669
00:55:35.820 --> 00:55:38.570
There were no programs at that time that would help me.

670
00:55:40.230 --> 00:55:42.100
I could not present to the clinic

671
00:55:43.200 --> 00:55:44.463
because I was not sick.

672
00:55:45.420 --> 00:55:47.940
So we thought you can only present to the clinic

673
00:55:47.940 --> 00:55:49.620
because you are feeling a cold,

674
00:55:49.620 --> 00:55:51.210
you are having a headache,

675
00:55:51.210 --> 00:55:52.860
you are having diarrhea also.

676
00:55:52.860 --> 00:55:56.168
But with these issues, mental issues,

677
00:55:56.168 --> 00:55:59.290
I never knew that they can also be

678
00:56:00.270 --> 00:56:02.163
attended to at the clinic.

679
00:56:03.780 --> 00:56:06.603
So it's only by the grace of God that I pulled through.

680
00:56:07.620 --> 00:56:09.840
And maybe that is where the seed of trying

681
00:56:09.840 --> 00:56:11.940
to be a community health worker came from.

682
00:56:14.040 --> 00:56:16.680
If I do my counseling

683
00:56:16.680 --> 00:56:18.363
I create a friend a day.

684
00:56:19.410 --> 00:56:20.640
When I give them my numbers,

685
00:56:20.640 --> 00:56:21.662
they're always calling.

686
00:56:21.662 --> 00:56:23.648
Kuru, Kuru, where are you, Kuru?

687
00:56:23.648 --> 00:56:24.990
How is it?

688
00:56:24.990 --> 00:56:26.700
I've got many friends.

689
00:56:26.700 --> 00:56:28.320
I no longer miss those guys.

690
00:56:28.320 --> 00:56:30.810
Of course, yes, I do miss them because they...

691
00:56:30.810 --> 00:56:34.863
But I no longer sit down and weep over them anymore.

692
00:56:37.320 --> 00:56:41.253
What makes you feel like you want to commit suicide?

693
00:56:44.130 --> 00:56:45.603
Things will be tough.

694
00:56:49.710 --> 00:56:51.952
May I know What would be tough?

695
00:56:51.952 --> 00:56:53.119
What is tough?

696
00:56:54.960 --> 00:56:58.767
Not being liked with people whom you stay with.

697
00:56:59.970 --> 00:57:01.620
You mean your family members?

698
00:57:01.620 --> 00:57:02.453
Yes.

699
00:57:03.720 --> 00:57:06.090
Don't want to be with you?

700
00:57:06.090 --> 00:57:07.350
Don't want to associate with you?

701
00:57:07.350 --> 00:57:08.641
Yes.

702
00:57:08.641 --> 00:57:10.391
Could there be a reason for that?

703
00:57:12.962 --> 00:57:16.530
Have you ever tried to find out why they would

704
00:57:16.530 --> 00:57:19.743
not want you to be amongst them?

705
00:57:21.267 --> 00:57:22.683
'Cause they'll be afraid.

706
00:57:23.610 --> 00:57:26.790
Saying "Your health is not okay.

707
00:57:26.790 --> 00:57:31.790
You're a sick person so you cannot associate with you."

708
00:57:35.430 --> 00:57:36.567
Well, you mean,

709
00:57:37.440 --> 00:57:40.920
the fact that you are not of ill health.

710
00:57:40.920 --> 00:57:43.980
Yes.
So they are sort of

711
00:57:43.980 --> 00:57:46.265
discriminating you over your ill health.

712
00:57:46.265 --> 00:57:47.098
Yes.

713
00:57:49.091 --> 00:57:51.841
For how long have you been ill?

714
00:57:56.213 --> 00:58:01.050
I think this is the 16th year.

715
00:58:01.050 --> 00:58:04.533
16th year?
Yes, since 2005.

716
00:58:07.560 --> 00:58:09.990
Do you think you would be able

717
00:58:09.990 --> 00:58:14.580
to solve the problems if you commit suicide?

718
00:58:14.580 --> 00:58:15.680
That's what I think.

719
00:58:16.590 --> 00:58:19.510
How best do you feel you'd have solved the problem

720
00:58:20.550 --> 00:58:21.933
by committing suicide?

721
00:58:24.720 --> 00:58:29.720
I'll be thinking, if I check my life, then.

722
00:58:30.180 --> 00:58:32.347
You won't have somebody discriminating.

723
00:58:32.347 --> 00:58:33.210
Yes.

724
00:58:33.210 --> 00:58:35.490
And then I've asked you a question.

725
00:58:35.490 --> 00:58:37.443
Do you think that will solve issues?

726
00:58:40.980 --> 00:58:43.983
To me, yes.
Okay, fine.

727
00:58:47.220 --> 00:58:49.233
So how would you want to commit suicide?

728
00:58:51.360 --> 00:58:53.010
Have you ever thought of

729
00:58:53.010 --> 00:58:54.873
a way of trying to kill yourself?

730
00:58:56.130 --> 00:58:56.963
Yeah.

731
00:58:59.863 --> 00:59:02.013
Just easy to hang myself.

732
00:59:03.300 --> 00:59:05.470
You feel like you want to hang yourself?

733
00:59:05.470 --> 00:59:07.110
Yeah.

734
00:59:07.110 --> 00:59:11.463
Have you found the place and the rope?

735
00:59:15.240 --> 00:59:18.423
Place, I would do it inside my house, inside my room.

736
00:59:21.870 --> 00:59:22.980
So who are these people

737
00:59:22.980 --> 00:59:24.830
you are saying they discriminate you?

738
00:59:26.070 --> 00:59:27.991
My brothers and sisters.

739
00:59:27.991 --> 00:59:31.478
How many are they?

740
00:59:31.478 --> 00:59:32.720
Five.

741
00:59:32.720 --> 00:59:35.640
So you mean the five of them discriminate you?

742
00:59:35.640 --> 00:59:37.383
Not all of them is there?

743
00:59:38.940 --> 00:59:41.760
So there's somebody at least who

744
00:59:41.760 --> 00:59:43.650
you can talk to?

745
00:59:43.650 --> 00:59:45.090
Yeah.

746
00:59:45.090 --> 00:59:46.890
Have you ever engaged that person?

747
00:59:47.850 --> 00:59:48.683
Who is it?

748
00:59:48.683 --> 00:59:49.957
Is it a brother, sister or?

749
00:59:49.957 --> 00:59:52.710
It's a brother, but he's not here in Zimbabwe.

750
00:59:52.710 --> 00:59:53.640
Where is he?

751
00:59:53.640 --> 00:59:55.320
He's in the UK with his family.

752
00:59:55.320 --> 00:59:58.560
Do you communicate?
Yeah.

753
00:59:58.560 --> 01:00:02.460
Have you ever tried to talk to him

754
01:00:02.460 --> 01:00:04.560
about what is going on here?

755
01:00:05.721 --> 01:00:06.990
No.

756
01:00:06.990 --> 01:00:09.300
Suppose you tried to talk to him,

757
01:00:09.300 --> 01:00:11.883
maybe he can influence these other siblings.

758
01:00:17.160 --> 01:00:18.243
It's not easy.

759
01:00:19.597 --> 01:00:20.930
But it has to.

760
01:00:28.270 --> 01:00:30.020
Okay, I will do it.

761
01:00:31.366 --> 01:00:32.199
When?

762
01:00:35.910 --> 01:00:38.340
I will try to do it today.

763
01:00:38.340 --> 01:00:39.175
Today.

764
01:00:39.175 --> 01:00:41.758
(gentle music)

765
01:00:47.333 --> 01:00:49.530
Love is a wonderful feeling.

766
01:00:49.530 --> 01:00:51.450
Especially if it is coming from people

767
01:00:51.450 --> 01:00:55.700
whom you wouldn't think love you.

768
01:00:55.700 --> 01:00:58.980
(gentle music)

769
01:00:58.980 --> 01:01:00.333
I think I love it too.

770
01:01:01.470 --> 01:01:02.733
I love to be loved.

771
01:01:03.570 --> 01:01:06.183
Especially by the community, by the local people.

772
01:01:07.200 --> 01:01:10.093
Given that I am not a resident of this area..

773
01:01:10.093 --> 01:01:11.370
I come from St. Mary's,

774
01:01:11.370 --> 01:01:16.370
but I command respect like I'm in my own hood.

775
01:01:17.127 --> 01:01:19.500
(gentle music)

776
01:01:19.500 --> 01:01:20.523
My first client,

777
01:01:21.930 --> 01:01:23.850
she was a widow.

778
01:01:23.850 --> 01:01:25.353
She wanted to commit suicide,

779
01:01:26.340 --> 01:01:30.120
but she said she no more wanted to commit suicide

780
01:01:30.120 --> 01:01:31.413
through our counseling.

781
01:01:32.460 --> 01:01:37.290
So after that, I'm very friends with that client.

782
01:01:37.290 --> 01:01:39.240
Sometimes she phones me.

783
01:01:39.240 --> 01:01:40.980
Sometimes she even comes at the clinic,

784
01:01:40.980 --> 01:01:45.753
and says, "Gogo, I'm very happy.

785
01:01:46.680 --> 01:01:50.160
You change my mind of committing suicide.

786
01:01:50.160 --> 01:01:52.530
My children would be orphans by now."

787
01:01:52.530 --> 01:01:56.400
The relationship with my clients is good

788
01:01:56.400 --> 01:01:59.190
because I have so many friends.

789
01:01:59.190 --> 01:02:02.977
They say, "Yes Gogo, yes Gogo, hi Gogo, hi Hogo."

790
01:02:06.193 --> 01:02:08.360
I'm proud of being a Gogo.

791
01:02:12.643 --> 01:02:15.235
♪ Friendship Bench is number one ♪

792
01:02:15.235 --> 01:02:16.157
♪ Friendship Bench ♪

793
01:02:16.157 --> 01:02:18.384
♪ Friendship Bench is number one ♪

794
01:02:18.384 --> 01:02:22.217
(singing in foreign language)

795
01:03:01.380 --> 01:03:04.800
After receiving therapy, community groups are formed.

796
01:03:04.800 --> 01:03:06.900
They serve as support groups

797
01:03:06.900 --> 01:03:11.010
in which they do all sorts of income generating projects.

798
01:03:11.010 --> 01:03:15.210
My relationship with Gogo now is very tight.

799
01:03:15.210 --> 01:03:19.590
I take care as my mental mother,

800
01:03:19.590 --> 01:03:22.860
my sister, my counselor.

801
01:03:22.860 --> 01:03:26.430
Because for me to be what I am today

802
01:03:26.430 --> 01:03:27.961
is because of Gogo Rosie.

803
01:03:27.961 --> 01:03:31.794
(singing in foreign language)

804
01:03:33.533 --> 01:03:34.366
[Dixon] One of the groups

805
01:03:34.366 --> 01:03:36.453
makes cleaning products from pine gel.

806
01:03:37.380 --> 01:03:40.833
They make the products themselves then market them.

807
01:03:42.349 --> 01:03:44.932
(gentle music)

808
01:03:51.750 --> 01:03:54.360
The income goes towards buying more material

809
01:03:54.360 --> 01:03:56.130
to create more products

810
01:03:56.130 --> 01:03:58.803
and the profits go to the members of the group.

811
01:04:11.250 --> 01:04:14.580
Someone will go from having one meal a day

812
01:04:14.580 --> 01:04:16.320
to three meals a day.

813
01:04:16.320 --> 01:04:18.930
Someone will go from not having a child at school,

814
01:04:18.930 --> 01:04:20.310
having a child at school.

815
01:04:20.310 --> 01:04:22.383
You know, those are great stories.

816
01:04:23.970 --> 01:04:27.720
Another project is crocheting smart looking shopping bags

817
01:04:27.720 --> 01:04:31.653
made out of discarded plastic bags thrown on the streets.

818
01:04:32.910 --> 01:04:35.230
This idea actually came from

819
01:04:36.930 --> 01:04:38.732
my own grandmother.

820
01:04:38.732 --> 01:04:41.940
(gentle music)

821
01:04:41.940 --> 01:04:44.935
She was 104 when she passed away.

822
01:04:44.935 --> 01:04:47.518
(gentle music)

823
01:04:53.640 --> 01:04:55.470
When my grandfather died,

824
01:04:55.470 --> 01:04:59.430
we actually brought his body here

825
01:04:59.430 --> 01:05:01.293
for the community to say goodbye,

826
01:05:02.280 --> 01:05:04.890
and we did the same for my grandmother.

827
01:05:04.890 --> 01:05:09.693
Because they were really quite influential in the community.

828
01:05:11.280 --> 01:05:14.520
I remember the early days of Friendship Bench

829
01:05:14.520 --> 01:05:16.650
sitting down with my grandmother,

830
01:05:16.650 --> 01:05:20.610
and I said, "We're struggling to figure out what to do

831
01:05:20.610 --> 01:05:23.580
after people have had sessions on the bench.

832
01:05:23.580 --> 01:05:26.130
We're thinking of some kind of support group,

833
01:05:26.130 --> 01:05:29.130
but I would like them to be doing something.

834
01:05:29.130 --> 01:05:33.870
And then she talked about how she cleans up her environment

835
01:05:33.870 --> 01:05:37.260
by collecting all the discarded plastic bags,

836
01:05:37.260 --> 01:05:40.440
cleans them up, cuts them into these strips,

837
01:05:40.440 --> 01:05:42.480
and makes these mats,

838
01:05:42.480 --> 01:05:44.970
which she then sells to the community.

839
01:05:44.970 --> 01:05:47.433
And she suggested, why don't you try and do that?

840
01:05:51.420 --> 01:05:52.950
So she came up with that idea

841
01:05:52.950 --> 01:05:56.610
of just really utilizing resources in your community.

842
01:05:56.610 --> 01:05:57.780
And I guess that's where the idea

843
01:05:57.780 --> 01:05:59.700
of friendship angels and also comes from.

844
01:05:59.700 --> 01:06:01.850
Try to use what you have in your community.

845
01:06:04.380 --> 01:06:06.600
According to the World Health Organization,

846
01:06:06.600 --> 01:06:10.050
depression is one of the leading causes

847
01:06:10.050 --> 01:06:12.173
of disability in the world.

848
01:06:12.173 --> 01:06:14.756
(gentle music)

849
01:06:18.510 --> 01:06:20.100
I teach global mental health

850
01:06:20.100 --> 01:06:23.160
at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.

851
01:06:23.160 --> 01:06:26.220
We get students from all over the world

852
01:06:26.220 --> 01:06:28.290
who come to learn how to develop

853
01:06:28.290 --> 01:06:30.453
interventions like the Friendship Bench.

854
01:06:31.500 --> 01:06:34.140
Recently, the World Health Organization

855
01:06:34.140 --> 01:06:37.470
endorsed Friendship Bench as an intervention

856
01:06:37.470 --> 01:06:40.830
which should be scaled up not only in Zimbabwe

857
01:06:40.830 --> 01:06:43.230
but in the region as well, and across the world.

858
01:06:43.230 --> 01:06:45.470
That is a great achievement.
(attendees applauding)

859
01:06:45.470 --> 01:06:47.880
Yes, indeed.
(attendees applauding)

860
01:06:47.880 --> 01:06:50.940
I often get a lot of credit for Friendship Bench.

861
01:06:50.940 --> 01:06:55.140
But really to be perfectly honest,

862
01:06:55.140 --> 01:06:57.660
a lot of these ideas came from the grandmothers.

863
01:06:57.660 --> 01:07:02.209
I think my role was to take things and repackage them.

864
01:07:02.209 --> 01:07:03.450
(gentle music)

865
01:07:03.450 --> 01:07:05.100
We've replicated Friendship Bench

866
01:07:05.100 --> 01:07:07.140
in different parts of the world

867
01:07:07.140 --> 01:07:11.280
and neighboring countries like Malawi, Tanzania,

868
01:07:11.280 --> 01:07:16.140
Zanzibar, Kenya, more recently in Vietnam,

869
01:07:16.140 --> 01:07:21.140
Jordan, Ohio, in the USA and beyond.

870
01:07:21.420 --> 01:07:23.370
We will continue to strive

871
01:07:23.370 --> 01:07:27.300
with our mission of taking people out of depression

872
01:07:27.300 --> 01:07:28.830
and bringing a Friendship Bench

873
01:07:28.830 --> 01:07:31.857
within walking distance everywhere.

874
01:07:31.857 --> 01:07:33.840
(energetic music)

875
01:07:33.840 --> 01:07:36.750
Wherever you are the mental health needs

876
01:07:36.750 --> 01:07:39.150
of human beings are the same.

877
01:07:39.150 --> 01:07:42.870
What connects people is expressed empathy

878
01:07:42.870 --> 01:07:44.730
and active listening.

879
01:07:44.730 --> 01:07:46.740
And when you have that ingredient,

880
01:07:46.740 --> 01:07:47.985
the result is the same.

881
01:07:47.985 --> 01:07:50.818
(energetic music)

882
01:07:54.000 --> 01:07:57.453
When I was first given the grandmothers,

883
01:07:58.800 --> 01:08:00.663
I had a lot of uncertainty,

884
01:08:01.590 --> 01:08:04.290
but it actually was the best thing

885
01:08:04.290 --> 01:08:06.603
that ever happened to me as a psychiatrist.

886
01:08:08.100 --> 01:08:10.290
Working with the grandmothers enabled me

887
01:08:10.290 --> 01:08:13.153
to learn a lot about myself as well.

888
01:08:13.153 --> 01:08:15.986
(energetic music)

889
01:08:19.830 --> 01:08:22.860
I grew up surrounded by strong women,

890
01:08:22.860 --> 01:08:24.570
both my grandmothers.

891
01:08:24.570 --> 01:08:28.034
Then, of course, my mother has always been a strong woman.

892
01:08:28.034 --> 01:08:30.570
(energetic music)

893
01:08:30.570 --> 01:08:34.980
So I think this whole journey of forming Friendship Bench

894
01:08:34.980 --> 01:08:37.579
has also been my way of telling my story.

895
01:08:37.579 --> 01:08:40.590
(energetic music)

896
01:08:40.590 --> 01:08:44.190
The Friendship Bench is rooted in community

897
01:08:44.190 --> 01:08:48.090
and a strong community is guided by those with wisdom

898
01:08:48.090 --> 01:08:51.510
who have their ability to connect with people

899
01:08:51.510 --> 01:08:54.570
so that future generations can grow

900
01:08:54.570 --> 01:08:58.263
in a healthier environment and have better lives.

901
01:08:59.400 --> 01:09:01.140
There are many things I want to do

902
01:09:01.140 --> 01:09:02.790
with the Friendship Bench.

903
01:09:02.790 --> 01:09:04.980
So many programs we have started,

904
01:09:04.980 --> 01:09:06.780
like a program for younger people

905
01:09:06.780 --> 01:09:09.300
to receive therapy from their peers.

906
01:09:09.300 --> 01:09:11.230
We call that the Buddy Bench

907
01:09:12.120 --> 01:09:15.060
or sending Gogos to people's homes to test for

908
01:09:15.060 --> 01:09:17.760
and to educate them about hypertension,

909
01:09:17.760 --> 01:09:20.100
teach them about diabetes.

910
01:09:20.100 --> 01:09:23.460
Because these diseases are so deeply connected

911
01:09:23.460 --> 01:09:26.539
with depression and anxiety.

912
01:09:26.539 --> 01:09:29.206
(bright music)

913
01:09:32.054 --> 01:09:34.560
(gentle music)

914
01:09:34.560 --> 01:09:37.780
Erica's death could have been avoided.

915
01:09:37.780 --> 01:09:40.363
(gentle music)

916
01:09:42.120 --> 01:09:46.353
If we had had a Friendship Bench in Erica's community,

917
01:09:47.610 --> 01:09:49.906
she would've had someone to talk to.

918
01:09:49.906 --> 01:09:52.489
(gentle music)

919
01:10:06.832 --> 01:10:09.832
(Gogo Hwiza laughs)

920
01:10:12.630 --> 01:10:14.190
We are aging.

921
01:10:14.190 --> 01:10:18.025
Counseling, til death do as part.

922
01:10:18.025 --> 01:10:20.608
(gentle music)

923
01:10:33.330 --> 01:10:34.983
Retiring is not an option.

924
01:10:36.600 --> 01:10:40.876
Maybe I can retire when I expire.

925
01:10:40.876 --> 01:10:43.459
(gentle music)

926
01:10:52.641 --> 01:10:55.224
(gentle music)

927
01:11:03.292 --> 01:11:05.875
(gentle music)

928
01:11:17.565 --> 01:11:20.148
(gentle music)

929
01:11:21.930 --> 01:11:26.550
We've reached 100,000 clients milestone

930
01:11:26.550 --> 01:11:28.233
just two weeks ago.

931
01:11:29.250 --> 01:11:33.000
It's much cheaper to train one grandmother

932
01:11:33.000 --> 01:11:35.280
than to train a psychiatrist.

933
01:11:35.280 --> 01:11:40.280
So a Friendship Bench with just under 1,000 grandmothers

934
01:11:41.070 --> 01:11:43.980
can see 100,000 people.

935
01:11:43.980 --> 01:11:46.740
Imagine how many people they can see

936
01:11:46.740 --> 01:11:51.120
if we had 100,000 grandmothers

937
01:11:51.120 --> 01:11:53.318
in Zimbabwe and beyond.

938
01:11:53.318 --> 01:11:55.901
(gentle music)

939
01:12:17.438 --> 01:12:19.364
(singing in foreign language)

940
01:12:19.364 --> 01:12:21.105
♪ Handipere power, power ♪

941
01:12:21.105 --> 01:12:23.495
♪ Blessed is the man into the fire, fire ♪

942
01:12:23.495 --> 01:12:26.838
♪ Been through a lot Handipere power, power I emerge ♪

943
01:12:26.838 --> 01:12:30.861
♪ Keep going higher higher ability extension ♪

944
01:12:30.861 --> 01:12:33.294
♪ No obstacle coulda come get me down ♪

945
01:12:33.294 --> 01:12:35.836
♪ Kwandabva kure, look how far where me go ♪

946
01:12:35.836 --> 01:12:40.836
♪ Higher is the only road, hona kune level, level ♪

947
01:12:40.933 --> 01:12:43.393
♪ No obstacle coulda come get me down ♪

948
01:12:43.393 --> 01:12:46.278
(singing in foreign language)

949
01:12:46.278 --> 01:12:50.941
♪ Higher is the only road, hona kune level, level ♪

950
01:12:50.941 --> 01:12:52.925
(singing in foreign language)

951
01:12:52.925 --> 01:12:57.096
♪ Fire-fire ♪

952
01:12:57.096 --> 01:13:01.013
♪ Ahh handipere power, huh-huh ♪

953
01:13:02.029 --> 01:13:05.258
(singing in foreign language)

954
01:13:05.258 --> 01:13:06.660
♪ Fire-fire ♪

955
01:13:06.660 --> 01:13:09.206
♪ Ahh handipere power ♪

956
01:13:09.206 --> 01:13:11.771
♪ Handipere power, power ♪

957
01:13:11.771 --> 01:13:14.145
♪ Into the fire, fire ♪

958
01:13:14.145 --> 01:13:17.089
♪ Handipere power, power ♪

959
01:13:17.089 --> 01:13:19.697
♪ Ndavapinza pressure but haisi pressure ♪

960
01:13:19.697 --> 01:13:22.343
(singing in foreign language)

961
01:13:22.343 --> 01:13:24.820
♪ Hantifanane pa-level, that's the education ♪

962
01:13:24.820 --> 01:13:27.483
♪ Wanga ndiri tressure, ndabikwa under pressure ♪

963
01:13:27.483 --> 01:13:31.400
(singing in foreign language)

964
01:14:09.403 --> 01:14:11.766
♪ Handipere power, power ♪

965
01:14:11.766 --> 01:14:14.118
♪ Into the fire, fire ♪

966
01:14:14.118 --> 01:14:16.216
♪ Handipere power, power ♪

967
01:14:16.216 --> 01:14:19.302
(singing in foreign language)

968
01:14:19.302 --> 01:14:21.818
♪ Handipere power, power ♪

969
01:14:21.818 --> 01:14:24.310
♪ Into the fire, fire ♪

970
01:14:24.310 --> 01:14:26.563
♪ Handipere power, power ♪

971
01:14:26.563 --> 01:14:30.796
♪ Keep going higher, higher, ohh ♪

972
01:14:30.796 --> 01:14:33.150
♪ No obstacle coulda come get me down ♪

973
01:14:33.150 --> 01:14:35.967
♪ Kwandabva kure, look how far where me go ♪

974
01:14:35.967 --> 01:14:37.647
♪ Higher is the only road ♪

975
01:14:37.647 --> 01:14:41.009
♪ Hona kune level, level ♪

976
01:14:41.009 --> 01:14:42.954
♪ No obstacle coulda come get me down ♪

977
01:14:42.954 --> 01:14:45.965
(singing in foreign language)

978
01:14:45.965 --> 01:14:47.657
♪ Higher is the only road ♪

979
01:14:47.657 --> 01:14:51.785
♪ Hona kune level, level ♪

980
01:14:51.785 --> 01:14:54.291
(singing in foreign language)

981
01:14:54.291 --> 01:14:56.770
♪ Neni vanoona fire-fire ♪

982
01:14:56.770 --> 01:15:00.437
♪ Ahh handipere power, ahaa ♪

983
01:15:02.055 --> 01:15:03.849
(singing in foreign language)

984
01:15:03.849 --> 01:15:06.871
♪ Neni vanoona fire-fire ♪

985
01:15:06.871 --> 01:15:10.038
♪ Ahh handipere power ♪