1
00:00:58,500 --> 00:01:02,500
(ominous music)

2
00:01:48,417 --> 00:01:50,375
(cars honking)

3
00:02:00,125 --> 00:02:03,083
(phones chiming repeatedly)

4
00:02:10,042 --> 00:02:12,042
(siren blaring)

5
00:02:14,875 --> 00:02:18,833
- Gig work, gig economy,
Blackphone work,

6
00:02:18,833 --> 00:02:21,667
crowd work, crowd sourcing,
ghost work,

7
00:02:21,667 --> 00:02:23,625
call it anything you want.

8
00:02:23,625 --> 00:02:26,167
It can literally
transform communities.

9
00:02:27,125 --> 00:02:29,250
(birds chirping)

10
00:02:34,458 --> 00:02:38,125
- Occasionaly, I'll see
a 30, 40 dollar survey,

11
00:02:38,125 --> 00:02:41,500
and I'll shut down
everything else I'm doing,

12
00:02:41,500 --> 00:02:45,875
and just chase that one job
until I get it.

13
00:03:05,333 --> 00:03:07,667
(computerized voice):
Take a slight right turn.

14
00:03:10,167 --> 00:03:12,708
- Many people started part-time,

15
00:03:12,708 --> 00:03:15,583
 and when things were great,
 they realized,

16
00:03:15,583 --> 00:03:18,208
"Oh, I could do this full-time,
and it's way better

17
00:03:18,208 --> 00:03:21,083
than the job I have. I don't
have to answer to a boss,

18
00:03:21,083 --> 00:03:23,500
it's flexible,
I make a lot of money

19
00:03:23,500 --> 00:03:26,375
in a short period of time,
I can spend time with my kids,

20
00:03:26,375 --> 00:03:28,125
I can save for a vacation..."

21
00:03:30,500 --> 00:03:33,667
 (Prayag): I think the ultimate
 promise to workers is jobs

22
00:03:33,667 --> 00:03:37,625
 where you set your own hours,
 ideally you get fairly paid...

23
00:03:42,000 --> 00:03:43,417
 You can go up and down

24
00:03:43,417 --> 00:03:45,500
 in the amount of contribution
 you can make

25
00:03:45,500 --> 00:03:48,417
 based on where you are
 on that day or that week.

26
00:03:48,417 --> 00:03:51,375
(cars honking)

27
00:03:53,458 --> 00:03:56,500
 You're not working
 within the confines

28
00:03:56,500 --> 00:03:59,458
 of an office.

29
00:04:02,375 --> 00:04:08,083
 My work should be judged
based on the value of the work.

30
00:04:08,083 --> 00:04:10,333
Based on the kind
of work I'm doing,

31
00:04:10,333 --> 00:04:14,917
not on where I went to school,
not on my race,

32
00:04:14,917 --> 00:04:20,083
not on my, you know,
gender orientation.

33
00:04:20,083 --> 00:04:25,750
It should be purely based on
the kind of work I'm doing.

34
00:04:25,750 --> 00:04:27,500
And that is the promise
of gig work.

35
00:04:27,500 --> 00:04:29,708
That is the promise
of online work.

36
00:04:32,625 --> 00:04:36,500
- I can't get a regular job,
because I got a mouth full

37
00:04:36,500 --> 00:04:39,667
of permanent gold teeth.
They're real!

38
00:04:39,667 --> 00:04:42,458
Not fake,
like everyone else wears.

39
00:04:42,458 --> 00:04:46,708
Everyone else wears them
clip-on gold... no.

40
00:04:46,708 --> 00:04:50,833
I get companies all the time
that see my resumé

41
00:04:50,833 --> 00:04:52,833
on LinkedIn.

42
00:04:52,833 --> 00:04:55,708
"Oh, we'd love to have you!"
No, y'all wouldn't.

43
00:04:55,708 --> 00:04:57,583
Y'all ain't never
seen me in real life.

44
00:04:57,583 --> 00:04:59,542
I got gold teeth, buddy.

45
00:04:59,542 --> 00:05:02,208
If people want to judge me
because of that,

46
00:05:02,208 --> 00:05:04,458
then that's their problem.

47
00:05:04,458 --> 00:05:08,417
But... it does kind of suck
being 36,

48
00:05:08,417 --> 00:05:12,333
and having zero
employment history.

49
00:05:12,333 --> 00:05:13,958
You know?

50
00:05:13,958 --> 00:05:18,208
But M-Turk? I don't gotta
deal with it!

51
00:05:18,667 --> 00:05:21,208
It honestly has saved me.

52
00:05:22,542 --> 00:05:25,125
- If done the right way,

53
00:05:25,125 --> 00:05:28,625
these kinds of opportunities
can literally change lives.

54
00:05:28,625 --> 00:05:31,500
(birds chirping)

55
00:05:32,833 --> 00:05:34,792
(light music)

56
00:05:37,500 --> 00:05:39,625
We purchased TaskRabbit
through Ikea,

57
00:05:39,625 --> 00:05:42,292
so we thought, okay,
it was a big investment,

58
00:05:42,292 --> 00:05:44,583
the wardrobes, so we decided

59
00:05:44,583 --> 00:05:47,125
maybe not do it ourselves.
The smaller stuff, we can do,

60
00:05:47,125 --> 00:05:49,500
but we have to get an expert in
for the bigger things,

61
00:05:49,500 --> 00:05:52,208
so we don't mess it up,
and we contacted Michael,

62
00:05:52,208 --> 00:05:54,500
and Michael's come,
and he's currently building it.

63
00:06:22,000 --> 00:06:25,083
- It just seems like the world
is a smaller community now.

64
00:06:25,083 --> 00:06:27,292
That's what I think,
and yeah, things are going.

65
00:06:27,292 --> 00:06:29,875
We used Deliveroo, I don't know
if that comes in the same.

66
00:06:29,875 --> 00:06:32,208
RoomIt, Uber Eats,
that's sort of opened up

67
00:06:32,208 --> 00:06:35,000
our takeaway life
as well sometimes.

68
00:06:35,000 --> 00:06:37,667
So we use that, and it just
seems to be the way.

69
00:06:37,667 --> 00:06:39,875
Uber... all the time.

70
00:06:39,875 --> 00:06:42,042
(laughing)
I embrace it, really.

71
00:06:42,042 --> 00:06:44,000
Everything done from
your smartphone, so...

72
00:06:44,000 --> 00:06:47,292
- This can be amazing,
this can be disastrous.

73
00:06:48,292 --> 00:06:51,292
And I hope that this
is gonna be amazing.

74
00:06:54,417 --> 00:06:56,375
(phone chiming)

75
00:06:56,375 --> 00:06:59,083
(vehicles passing)

76
00:07:04,083 --> 00:07:07,458
(light music)

77
00:07:12,958 --> 00:07:15,042
Are you sure
you don't need eggs?

78
00:07:15,042 --> 00:07:16,708
- Nope.
- Okay.

79
00:07:16,708 --> 00:07:19,167
Are you gonna eat the banana?
- Nope.

80
00:07:19,167 --> 00:07:20,500
- Cheese?
- Nope.

81
00:07:21,708 --> 00:07:23,917
- Uh... Do you need...
Baba, do you need milk?

82
00:07:23,917 --> 00:07:26,208
- Nope.
- How about some water?

83
00:07:26,208 --> 00:07:27,542
- Nope.

84
00:07:29,750 --> 00:07:33,708
- Good job, Ryan.
I like you when you do this.

85
00:07:49,292 --> 00:07:50,833
(sighing)

86
00:07:51,625 --> 00:07:53,917
(light music)

87
00:07:53,917 --> 00:07:57,292
 (Al): I came in 2010
 from Yemen.

88
00:07:57,292 --> 00:08:00,208
 You know, everything is new.
 When you come to a new world,

89
00:08:00,208 --> 00:08:02,292
 new everything.

90
00:08:02,292 --> 00:08:04,417
 I thought I'm gonna
 go back to Yemen.

91
00:08:04,417 --> 00:08:07,417
 But the work starts,
 and it was permanent, here.

92
00:08:10,208 --> 00:08:13,833
 Uber and Lyft started
 2012 and 2013,

93
00:08:13,833 --> 00:08:16,208
 so I was doing that.

94
00:08:16,208 --> 00:08:18,167
 I believe in technology.

95
00:08:21,333 --> 00:08:24,750
 In the beginning, it was nice.

96
00:08:30,792 --> 00:08:33,833
 (Annette): I had a friend
 who was doing Uber,

97
00:08:33,833 --> 00:08:37,208
 and said she made more money
 doing Uber in a day

98
00:08:37,208 --> 00:08:39,250
 than she made
 going to work in day.

99
00:08:42,167 --> 00:08:44,958
 I said to myself,
 "This is the opportunity.

100
00:08:44,958 --> 00:08:47,250
 I'm going to leave my job."

101
00:08:52,500 --> 00:08:54,833
- Platform capitalism
is the emergence of a new

102
00:08:54,833 --> 00:08:57,042
sort of, business model
that's becoming increasingly

103
00:08:57,042 --> 00:08:58,458
dominant across the economy.

104
00:08:58,458 --> 00:09:00,833
 Platforms are intermediaries

105
00:09:00,833 --> 00:09:03,167
 between a number
 of different groups.

106
00:09:03,167 --> 00:09:07,250
 Uber is a platform,
 Amazon is a platform.

107
00:09:07,250 --> 00:09:09,833
 So they're all connecting
 all of these different groups,

108
00:09:09,833 --> 00:09:12,083
 and allowing them to interact
 in various ways,

109
00:09:12,083 --> 00:09:13,917
and make money in various ways.

110
00:09:15,583 --> 00:09:18,000
So one of the unique things
about digital platforms

111
00:09:18,000 --> 00:09:21,792
is their use and dependence
on network effects.

112
00:09:21,792 --> 00:09:24,292
 So, the more people
 who use the platform,

113
00:09:24,292 --> 00:09:27,500
the more valuable that platform
 becomes for everybody else.

114
00:09:27,500 --> 00:09:31,542
So, network effects lead to this
 "winner takes all" model.

115
00:09:31,542 --> 00:09:33,958
 This has driven Facebook,
 it's driven Google,

116
00:09:33,958 --> 00:09:35,500
 it's driven Amazon,

117
00:09:35,500 --> 00:09:37,833
 and it's driving Uber
 right now as well.

118
00:09:37,833 --> 00:09:41,125
 So there's a number of ways
 to get network effects going.

119
00:09:41,125 --> 00:09:43,208
 One way, as Uber's done,
 for instance,

120
00:09:43,208 --> 00:09:44,833
 is provide subsidies.

121
00:09:44,833 --> 00:09:46,375
 When Uber first moves
 into a city,

122
00:09:46,375 --> 00:09:48,333
 they'll offer discounts
 to riders,

123
00:09:48,333 --> 00:09:50,917
 and they'll offer a sort of
 very high pay for drivers.

124
00:09:50,917 --> 00:09:52,917
 So this means drivers flock
 to the platform,

125
00:09:52,917 --> 00:09:54,458
 riders flock to the platform,

126
00:09:54,458 --> 00:09:56,458
 and you get those network
 effects going.

127
00:09:56,458 --> 00:09:57,750
 And then eventually,
 Uber decides,

128
00:09:57,750 --> 00:09:59,208
 "Well, we're gonna start
 cutting the pay,

129
00:09:59,208 --> 00:10:00,417
 we'll cut back the discounts,

130
00:10:00,417 --> 00:10:02,000
 we'll start charging
 higher prices.

131
00:10:02,000 --> 00:10:04,292
 So, once they've got
 network effects growing

132
00:10:04,292 --> 00:10:06,333
 and they've got a certain
 quasi-monopoly position,

133
00:10:06,333 --> 00:10:08,958
 they can then dictate
 the terms of the market.

134
00:10:10,792 --> 00:10:13,875
(honking, indistinct chattering)

135
00:10:17,875 --> 00:10:19,042
 (Rui): Hi, everyone.

136
00:10:19,042 --> 00:10:21,667
 We are Tech Buzz China
 by Pandaily,

137
00:10:21,667 --> 00:10:24,250
 a podcast focused
 on giving you a peek

138
00:10:24,250 --> 00:10:25,833
 into what's buzzing
 within the tech community

139
00:10:25,833 --> 00:10:27,458
 in China.

140
00:10:27,458 --> 00:10:29,458
(indistinct chattering)

141
00:10:29,458 --> 00:10:31,750
 (Rui): Food delivery
 is a version

142
00:10:31,750 --> 00:10:34,250
 of the power of the network

143
00:10:34,250 --> 00:10:37,083
 that I think, you know,
 keeps people pouring money in,

144
00:10:37,083 --> 00:10:40,167
especially into number one
and number two players.

145
00:10:52,792 --> 00:10:54,375
(speaking foreign
language in unison)

146
00:11:21,250 --> 00:11:23,667
 (Rui): They got pretty
 crazy aggro.

147
00:11:23,667 --> 00:11:25,792
 Headlines ran
 along the lines of:

148
00:11:25,792 --> 00:11:29,583
 "Is this food delivery,
 or is this the mafia?"

149
00:12:27,875 --> 00:12:30,042
(phone ringtone)

150
00:12:37,833 --> 00:12:40,625
(Derek): A theme of modern tech
 that we're seeing

151
00:12:40,625 --> 00:12:42,625
 is convenience maximalism,

152
00:12:42,625 --> 00:12:46,000
and it's convenience maximalism
for consumers.

153
00:12:46,000 --> 00:12:49,958
But sometimes under considered
in that equation

154
00:12:49,958 --> 00:12:52,458
is, what does convenience
maximalism look like

155
00:12:52,458 --> 00:12:55,167
for the people who are
making your life convenient?

156
00:12:55,167 --> 00:12:57,333
What does it look like
for the workers

157
00:12:57,333 --> 00:12:59,417
who are being underpaid,
faring that food

158
00:12:59,417 --> 00:13:00,958
from the ghost kitchen
to your doorstep?

159
00:13:00,958 --> 00:13:03,792
What does life look like
for the Uber or the Lyft driver

160
00:13:03,792 --> 00:13:06,167
who maybe isn't making
very much money at all,

161
00:13:06,167 --> 00:13:10,333
and is working without
typical labour protections

162
00:13:10,333 --> 00:13:12,875
because they're contractors,
not full-time employees?

163
00:13:19,667 --> 00:13:21,833
(light, jazzy music)

164
00:13:24,417 --> 00:13:27,042
(phone chiming repeatedly)

165
00:14:08,083 --> 00:14:09,750
(phone chiming)

166
00:14:47,167 --> 00:14:49,208
(insects chirping)

167
00:14:58,958 --> 00:15:00,917
(soft music)

168
00:15:09,667 --> 00:15:11,333
 (Jason): The government, man,
 they don't know

169
00:15:11,333 --> 00:15:13,542
what we're up against out here.

170
00:15:13,542 --> 00:15:16,583
 A lot of people don't.
 A lot of people are born

171
00:15:16,583 --> 00:15:19,833
 with the... the silver spoon,
 or whatever.

172
00:15:19,833 --> 00:15:22,417
 And like, they don't know
 what it's really like

173
00:15:22,417 --> 00:15:25,542
 to come from the bottom.

174
00:15:37,542 --> 00:15:40,708
Have you seen
the roof leaking again?

175
00:15:40,708 --> 00:15:42,875
Tina said it's getting bad.

176
00:15:42,875 --> 00:15:46,000
And it's only coming
through one spot.

177
00:15:46,000 --> 00:15:48,458
The roof ain't that old.

178
00:15:48,458 --> 00:15:50,167
- I know.

179
00:15:53,000 --> 00:15:56,458
- I damn sure can't afford
ten grand for a new one.

180
00:15:57,708 --> 00:15:59,375
- I know that.

181
00:16:00,708 --> 00:16:02,375
I can't neither.

182
00:16:02,958 --> 00:16:05,125
(birds, insects chirping)

183
00:16:10,042 --> 00:16:12,250
 (Jason): I was moved around
 over the years,

184
00:16:12,250 --> 00:16:16,375
 and had to start over
 from scratch, and...

185
00:16:16,375 --> 00:16:18,083
(coughing)

186
00:16:18,083 --> 00:16:22,542
 My first thing I get
 when I start over from scratch

187
00:16:22,542 --> 00:16:23,958
 is a laptop.

188
00:16:23,958 --> 00:16:26,583
 I've got to have a laptop.

189
00:16:26,583 --> 00:16:29,250
 I don't care if I got
 one outfit,

190
00:16:29,250 --> 00:16:31,167
 I need a damn laptop.

191
00:16:31,167 --> 00:16:34,250
 'Cause this is how
 I put money in my pocket.

192
00:16:34,250 --> 00:16:37,292
I've made over $30,000
doing surveys.

193
00:16:37,292 --> 00:16:39,042
So...
(laughing)

194
00:16:39,042 --> 00:16:41,542
Now many people can say that.

195
00:16:41,542 --> 00:16:44,000
(keyboard clicking)

196
00:16:44,000 --> 00:16:46,083
(light music)

197
00:16:52,125 --> 00:16:55,375
 (Mary): Ghost work is a term
 that Sidarth and I coined

198
00:16:55,375 --> 00:16:58,333
 to be able to capture
 certain kinds of jobs

199
00:16:58,333 --> 00:17:00,500
 that are difficult to see.

200
00:17:01,333 --> 00:17:07,042
 We can see the Uber driver,
 the food delivery person

201
00:17:07,042 --> 00:17:10,167
effectively delivering
the service through an app.

202
00:17:10,167 --> 00:17:12,583
We can see those folks.

203
00:17:12,583 --> 00:17:15,708
The people we don't see
are all of the folks

204
00:17:15,708 --> 00:17:18,583
who are literally doing
these tasks

205
00:17:18,583 --> 00:17:22,542
 in which you fold a person
 into a computational process.

206
00:17:22,542 --> 00:17:25,708
The value proposition
is that a business

207
00:17:25,708 --> 00:17:27,958
is erasing the presence
of those people.

208
00:17:27,958 --> 00:17:31,292
They're presenting it
as work that's done

209
00:17:31,292 --> 00:17:35,875
magically by artificial
intelligence or the Internet.

210
00:17:35,875 --> 00:17:38,000
(insects chirping)

211
00:17:42,792 --> 00:17:46,583
 (Jason): I look for jobs where
 I can get paid for my skills.

212
00:17:47,708 --> 00:17:50,792
I make quite a few
thousand dollars...

213
00:17:50,792 --> 00:17:53,333
describing images.

214
00:17:53,333 --> 00:17:56,000
They're human
intelligence tasks.

215
00:17:57,125 --> 00:18:01,917
They're jobs that cannot
be completed by a computer.

216
00:18:01,917 --> 00:18:05,375
So it's your job to be smarter
than a computer, and...

217
00:18:06,458 --> 00:18:11,417
That's probably a little
difficult for some people,

218
00:18:11,417 --> 00:18:17,375
but... I understand
how it works, so...

219
00:18:18,542 --> 00:18:21,333
Okay, here's one.
Views about the world,

220
00:18:21,333 --> 00:18:24,292
for seventy cents.
And I caught it.

221
00:18:25,542 --> 00:18:27,833
"God is accepting."
Strongly agree.

222
00:18:27,833 --> 00:18:29,875
"God is responsive." Yes.

223
00:18:29,875 --> 00:18:31,750
"God is forgiving." Yes.

224
00:18:31,750 --> 00:18:35,667
"God is wrathful."
Nah. Not enough.

225
00:18:35,667 --> 00:18:41,042
"God is caring." Yes.
"God is controlling." No.

226
00:18:41,042 --> 00:18:45,250
"God is judging." No.
"God is loving." Yes.

227
00:18:45,833 --> 00:18:47,667
"God is this, God is caring..."

228
00:18:47,667 --> 00:18:51,083
They're asking you to choose
between religion and science.

229
00:18:53,000 --> 00:18:55,292
Truly, I know the answer
is science.

230
00:18:55,292 --> 00:18:56,750
(Jason's mother): Come on.

231
00:18:56,750 --> 00:19:00,125
- It's like, I don't know
what they're trying to...

232
00:19:00,125 --> 00:19:01,958
(Jason's mother
speaking indistinctly)

233
00:19:01,958 --> 00:19:03,583
Mom, they're recording me!

234
00:19:03,583 --> 00:19:04,958
- Sorry!

235
00:19:07,833 --> 00:19:11,250
"There exists a spiritual
order to the universe

236
00:19:11,250 --> 00:19:13,708
such as karma." No.

237
00:19:13,708 --> 00:19:17,542
Honestly, this shit
is underpaid.

238
00:19:17,542 --> 00:19:21,583
If you don't learn tricks

239
00:19:21,583 --> 00:19:23,792
like I have...

240
00:19:23,792 --> 00:19:26,708
it's not gonna be worth doing.

241
00:19:26,708 --> 00:19:30,208
And I think that's dirty
of Amazon.

242
00:19:34,083 --> 00:19:36,042
(light music)

243
00:19:38,667 --> 00:19:42,708
(Mary): Around the early 2000s,
 Amazon, the company,

244
00:19:42,708 --> 00:19:47,208
as it was bringing in
all of these databases

245
00:19:47,208 --> 00:19:49,167
of listings of books,

246
00:19:49,167 --> 00:19:52,542
and wanted to be the largest
bookseller on Earth,

247
00:19:52,542 --> 00:19:56,333
it realized it had a lot
of data, a lot of metadata,

248
00:19:56,333 --> 00:20:00,083
that it was just scraping
from libraries, from publishers,

249
00:20:00,083 --> 00:20:02,667
that had... it was
riddled with typos.

250
00:20:02,667 --> 00:20:04,542
It had all sorts of errors.

251
00:20:04,542 --> 00:20:07,375
It had images of book covers
that didn't match

252
00:20:07,375 --> 00:20:09,000
the title of the books.

253
00:20:09,000 --> 00:20:11,458
Those are all things
that are computationally

254
00:20:11,458 --> 00:20:13,583
very hard to recognize,

255
00:20:13,583 --> 00:20:15,417
but a person can see it
in a heartbeat.

256
00:20:17,708 --> 00:20:20,458
 And they literally
 created a platform

257
00:20:20,458 --> 00:20:26,125
 to be able to have people
 look at a batch of typos

258
00:20:26,125 --> 00:20:27,667
 and titles

259
00:20:27,667 --> 00:20:29,042
to clean it up.

260
00:20:30,458 --> 00:20:33,208
 And then they started
 supplying that service

261
00:20:33,208 --> 00:20:36,667
 to anybody who was
 in the Amazon marketplace.

262
00:20:36,667 --> 00:20:38,667
 That was the beginning
 of this world

263
00:20:38,667 --> 00:20:40,792
 of Amazon Mechanical Turk.

264
00:21:04,292 --> 00:21:06,708
- I have been an M-Turker

265
00:21:06,708 --> 00:21:08,500
for the past ten years.

266
00:21:08,500 --> 00:21:10,792
So, it's sort of a career.

267
00:21:10,792 --> 00:21:13,125
- And my most memorable job
in M-Turk

268
00:21:13,125 --> 00:21:15,625
is working for artificial
intelligence.

269
00:21:15,625 --> 00:21:18,250
And it's fun working
for the robots.

270
00:21:18,250 --> 00:21:21,167
- I end up usually going
to someplace

271
00:21:21,167 --> 00:21:22,708
like a fast-food restaurant

272
00:21:22,708 --> 00:21:24,458
where I can just get
something to eat,

273
00:21:24,458 --> 00:21:26,667
sit down for a couple hours,
and just, you know,

274
00:21:26,667 --> 00:21:29,000
bang things out
on Mechanical Turk.

275
00:21:29,000 --> 00:21:31,750
You can see I'm in a...

276
00:21:31,750 --> 00:21:34,042
actually, in a Jack in the Box
at the moment.

277
00:21:34,042 --> 00:21:37,167
Yeah, Jack in the Box,
living it up. Mmm!

278
00:21:37,167 --> 00:21:40,417
- Unfortunately, I got fired
because of downsizing,

279
00:21:40,417 --> 00:21:43,250
so I started turking
to make some cash.

280
00:21:43,250 --> 00:21:45,583
- If you wake up
and you're miserable,

281
00:21:45,583 --> 00:21:48,292
and you're in mental agony,

282
00:21:48,292 --> 00:21:50,500
you don't have to go to work.

283
00:21:50,500 --> 00:21:52,625
You don't even have
to get out of bed.

284
00:21:52,625 --> 00:21:54,625
(birds chirping)

285
00:21:55,792 --> 00:21:59,625
- On a good day,
I'll already have...

286
00:21:59,625 --> 00:22:02,958
20, 30 dollars by now.
I'll have the money

287
00:22:02,958 --> 00:22:05,417
to buy my mom's lottery tickets

288
00:22:05,417 --> 00:22:07,875
by the time she wakes up
in the morning.

289
00:22:07,875 --> 00:22:09,958
(Jason's mother): What are y'all
gonna eat today?

290
00:22:09,958 --> 00:22:11,917
(Jason sighing)

291
00:22:11,917 --> 00:22:14,125
- Mom, why do you keep
doing this?

292
00:22:14,125 --> 00:22:16,625
- Doing what?
- You're ruining it!

293
00:22:16,625 --> 00:22:18,250
- I'm sorry.

294
00:22:19,458 --> 00:22:22,333
- I'm stuck in
a situation where...

295
00:22:22,333 --> 00:22:25,542
I gotta be here with my mom,
so I'm limited.

296
00:22:25,542 --> 00:22:28,083
And then any other
work from home job

297
00:22:28,083 --> 00:22:31,042
wants to do a background check,
like...

298
00:22:36,083 --> 00:22:37,958
So...

299
00:22:39,792 --> 00:22:42,000
(keyboard clicking)

300
00:22:42,000 --> 00:22:44,208
(light music)

301
00:22:52,042 --> 00:22:54,750
 (Mary): When I came
 to Microsoft research,

302
00:22:54,750 --> 00:22:58,208
 I wanted to understand how
 artificial intelligence works,

303
00:22:58,208 --> 00:23:00,083
 like, how is it built?

304
00:23:00,833 --> 00:23:04,333
 When I started poking around
 and asking engineers

305
00:23:04,333 --> 00:23:08,167
 and computer scientists,
 they started describing to me

306
00:23:08,167 --> 00:23:10,167
 human computation.

307
00:23:10,167 --> 00:23:12,250
There are plenty of cases

308
00:23:12,250 --> 00:23:14,542
where the artificial
intelligence

309
00:23:14,542 --> 00:23:17,833
can't make a decision
on its own.

310
00:23:17,833 --> 00:23:21,958
Something very distinctly unique
to what humans can do

311
00:23:21,958 --> 00:23:25,750
is be able to make a decision
without any prior information.

312
00:23:26,458 --> 00:23:28,250
 When I would ask them,
 "So, who are you hiring

313
00:23:28,250 --> 00:23:29,875
 to help you do that?"

314
00:23:29,875 --> 00:23:32,625
 I would get the range
 of responses from,

315
00:23:32,625 --> 00:23:34,542
 "I don't really know."

316
00:23:34,542 --> 00:23:38,542
 And then I met a few people
 who said, uncomfortably,

317
00:23:38,542 --> 00:23:41,708
that they didn't know,
and they didn't want to know.

318
00:23:41,708 --> 00:23:44,667
Because their concern was that
people might be doing this work

319
00:23:44,667 --> 00:23:48,375
in conditions that left them
feeling uncomfortable.

320
00:23:48,375 --> 00:23:51,625
 And if this is a new
 form of work

321
00:23:51,625 --> 00:23:53,667
 that we consume
 and benefit from,

322
00:23:53,667 --> 00:23:55,792
 it seems so important
 to understand

323
00:23:55,792 --> 00:23:58,083
 who's doing this work.

324
00:23:58,083 --> 00:24:01,125
(honking, overlapping chatter)

325
00:24:02,583 --> 00:24:04,875
(upbeat music)

326
00:25:22,625 --> 00:25:25,000
(keyboard clicking)

327
00:25:25,000 --> 00:25:26,958
(distant chattering, honking)

328
00:25:26,958 --> 00:25:29,792
(Emeka): Augmented intelligence
 is all about

329
00:25:29,792 --> 00:25:33,208
 human and machine.

330
00:25:33,208 --> 00:25:35,958
 Not humans versus machines.

331
00:25:35,958 --> 00:25:37,750
So we have a lot of Nigerians,

332
00:25:37,750 --> 00:25:39,542
young, bright Nigerians.

333
00:25:39,542 --> 00:25:43,083
They also have very good
digital workers.

334
00:25:43,083 --> 00:25:45,583
Yeah. So...

335
00:25:45,583 --> 00:25:48,042
A lot of them are doing
remote jobs.

336
00:25:48,042 --> 00:25:51,625
A lot of these platforms
are active here.

337
00:25:51,625 --> 00:25:54,042
(honking, overlapping chatter)

338
00:26:04,083 --> 00:26:06,208
- There are so many
smart Nigerians,

339
00:26:06,208 --> 00:26:07,583
there are so many
innovative Nigerians,

340
00:26:07,583 --> 00:26:10,583
and there's so many,
how do you say...?

341
00:26:10,583 --> 00:26:12,500
Nigerians with grit, who hustle.

342
00:26:12,500 --> 00:26:16,208
So we are always looking
out for opportunities.

343
00:26:16,208 --> 00:26:18,375
(honking, overlapping chatter)

344
00:26:21,708 --> 00:26:23,917
 Being Lagosian
 and living in Lagos,

345
00:26:23,917 --> 00:26:25,292
 you have...
 (chuckling)

346
00:26:25,292 --> 00:26:27,042
 You spent a lot
 of time in traffic.

347
00:26:27,042 --> 00:26:29,375
Why waste valuable time, right?

348
00:26:29,375 --> 00:26:31,417
Time is something that
we can't get once it's gone.

349
00:26:31,417 --> 00:26:36,000
So I open up the M-Turk app
on my phone...

350
00:26:36,625 --> 00:26:38,333
I go through and look
if there are

351
00:26:38,333 --> 00:26:40,417
any available hits for me to do.

352
00:26:42,875 --> 00:26:46,542
When I'm in traffic,
I like the...

353
00:26:46,542 --> 00:26:48,750
video transcription jobs,

354
00:26:48,750 --> 00:26:50,042
or the audio transcription jobs,

355
00:26:50,042 --> 00:26:51,958
'cause I just
plug in my earphones...

356
00:26:51,958 --> 00:26:55,833
plug in my earphones
and I transcribe on my phone.

357
00:26:57,500 --> 00:26:59,958
 I like seeing
 the numbers add up.

358
00:26:59,958 --> 00:27:02,208
 It's something,
 it's extra money, right?

359
00:27:02,208 --> 00:27:04,042
 So why not?

360
00:27:12,042 --> 00:27:14,375
 I don't like doing hits
 that are less than ten cents.

361
00:27:14,375 --> 00:27:16,500
 Not really worth my time,
 so to speak.

362
00:27:16,500 --> 00:27:17,708
(blowing)

363
00:27:17,708 --> 00:27:19,833
So, I...
(woman): How much was this one?

364
00:27:19,833 --> 00:27:21,292
- Two dollars 50 cents.

365
00:27:21,292 --> 00:27:22,958
This is really good

366
00:27:22,958 --> 00:27:27,042
for a Nigerian or Ghanaian
doing M-Turk,

367
00:27:27,042 --> 00:27:29,292
this is...
You don't get these numbers.

368
00:27:29,875 --> 00:27:32,167
But you don't actually
get paid cash.

369
00:27:32,167 --> 00:27:35,375
I get paid out in Amazon
gift cards.

370
00:27:35,375 --> 00:27:37,792
And so they load that
into my Amazon account,

371
00:27:37,792 --> 00:27:39,625
so I make the purchase,
and then anyone

372
00:27:39,625 --> 00:27:42,000
who's coming from the US
would help me bring it.

373
00:27:42,000 --> 00:27:44,708
The thing is, I've actually
just come to terms with this.

374
00:27:44,708 --> 00:27:47,625
That's the truth.
Because if, um...

375
00:27:47,625 --> 00:27:50,208
it was my only source of income,
it would be so frustrating.

376
00:27:50,208 --> 00:27:52,792
But there's literally
no other way to get the money.

377
00:27:52,792 --> 00:27:54,917
I've tried. So maybe that's why
I've come to terms with it.

378
00:27:54,917 --> 00:27:57,250
I've tried. I don't mind
being paid in gift cards.

379
00:27:57,250 --> 00:28:00,208
Because somehow, I don't
look at it like real money.

380
00:28:00,208 --> 00:28:02,833
I look at it like Amazon money.

381
00:28:03,792 --> 00:28:05,792
Ha. Amazon money.

382
00:28:25,042 --> 00:28:28,208
- Companies have a vested
interest in us not noticing

383
00:28:28,208 --> 00:28:30,500
that we're being helped at all
by people.

384
00:28:30,500 --> 00:28:35,667
That means we're continually
repeating this habit

385
00:28:35,667 --> 00:28:39,583
of erasing the value
of the people who are...

386
00:28:39,583 --> 00:28:42,333
 doing something that
 computation can't do.

387
00:28:44,375 --> 00:28:48,000
- I seen jobs, see this?
They're all a penny!

388
00:28:48,000 --> 00:28:50,792
Three cents! One cent!
Three cents!

389
00:28:50,792 --> 00:28:53,667
Yeah right! Who would do that?!

390
00:28:54,833 --> 00:28:57,875
If you didn't cheat the system
the way I do,

391
00:28:57,875 --> 00:29:01,708
you're not gonna make
a respectable amount of money.

392
00:29:02,708 --> 00:29:07,042
I've actually mastered the art
of survey taking.

393
00:29:07,042 --> 00:29:10,542
I'm an African-American
Republican.

394
00:29:12,125 --> 00:29:16,208
In that I'm common--
or, I'm not common.

395
00:29:16,208 --> 00:29:20,500
Like, African-American
Republicans are rare,

396
00:29:20,500 --> 00:29:23,625
so that makes my opinion matter,

397
00:29:23,625 --> 00:29:26,917
and then I get invited
to all these follow-up surveys,

398
00:29:26,917 --> 00:29:29,250
"We want to know more!
We want to know more!"

399
00:29:29,250 --> 00:29:30,708
I'm like...

400
00:29:30,708 --> 00:29:33,792
And now, if I said I was
an African-American Democrat,

401
00:29:33,792 --> 00:29:35,667
then, nah...

402
00:29:35,667 --> 00:29:39,875
That's too...
They got enough of those.

403
00:29:41,333 --> 00:29:44,167
- Like, can you do it today?
- What?

404
00:29:44,167 --> 00:29:46,792
- Get me more.
- I already spent 20 today

405
00:29:46,792 --> 00:29:49,083
on lottery tickets!
- You spent ten!

406
00:29:49,083 --> 00:29:51,833
- We need to go out and eat!
- You spent ten!

407
00:29:51,833 --> 00:29:54,250
- Twenty!
- How you spend 20?

408
00:29:54,250 --> 00:29:56,750
- When we went back.

409
00:29:58,250 --> 00:30:00,917
(soft music)

410
00:30:03,833 --> 00:30:06,792
- Okay, I'm waiting.
- Later!

411
00:30:08,083 --> 00:30:10,958
(phone ringtone)

412
00:30:12,583 --> 00:30:15,583
(phones chiming and vibrating)

413
00:30:25,875 --> 00:30:28,125
(keyboard clicking)

414
00:30:37,042 --> 00:30:39,958
 (Annette): I pay a lot of
 attention to the rates,

415
00:30:39,958 --> 00:30:42,750
 and I can just tell
 within six months,

416
00:30:42,750 --> 00:30:45,250
 that my money was declining.

417
00:30:45,250 --> 00:30:47,667
(car indicator clicking)

418
00:30:51,875 --> 00:30:54,708
 I could make a possible
 $2000 a week,

419
00:30:54,708 --> 00:30:58,250
 to now I make hopefully
 1000 dollars.

420
00:30:58,250 --> 00:31:00,625
 So that's 50 percent.

421
00:31:00,625 --> 00:31:04,333
 My car is running down
 to the point where...

422
00:31:04,333 --> 00:31:06,708
 I just don't know,
 one day I'm gonna

423
00:31:06,708 --> 00:31:08,917
 go to my car, and it's just
 not gonna start.

424
00:31:13,000 --> 00:31:15,333
 (Nick): Uber has managed
 to externalize the cost

425
00:31:15,333 --> 00:31:17,208
 of workers
 to workers themselves.

426
00:31:17,208 --> 00:31:19,500
They force workers to basically

427
00:31:19,500 --> 00:31:21,333
 be independent contractors,

428
00:31:21,333 --> 00:31:23,083
 and then try and take revenue

429
00:31:23,083 --> 00:31:25,167
 through the transactions
 that occur on the platform.

430
00:31:25,167 --> 00:31:27,417
 That is effectively
 their business model.

431
00:31:32,958 --> 00:31:35,083
 (Al): Uber and Lyft,
 those companies,

432
00:31:35,083 --> 00:31:37,583
 they pay the most intelligent
 people in the world.

433
00:31:37,583 --> 00:31:39,542
 Professors, programmers,

434
00:31:39,542 --> 00:31:41,667
 everything you can imagine.

435
00:31:41,667 --> 00:31:44,042
 And they forgot
 about the drivers.

436
00:31:45,292 --> 00:31:47,833
 We have no voice
 to that company at all.

437
00:31:50,125 --> 00:31:53,875
 I was making $1.95 a mile.

438
00:31:53,875 --> 00:31:57,917
 Now I'm making 60 to 66 cents.

439
00:31:58,875 --> 00:32:01,208
 It doesn't make any sense.

440
00:32:16,125 --> 00:32:18,542
 I'm an activist
 when I was in my country.

441
00:32:18,542 --> 00:32:20,292
And when I came to this country,

442
00:32:20,292 --> 00:32:22,583
 I know a lot of people,
 they're gonna need me.

443
00:32:24,458 --> 00:32:28,583
(child speaking indistinctly)

444
00:32:29,167 --> 00:32:30,958
 When we want to do an action,

445
00:32:30,958 --> 00:32:32,792
 some people, they don't
 want to be in the media.

446
00:32:32,792 --> 00:32:35,375
 Some people, they just,
 they get scared.

447
00:32:35,375 --> 00:32:38,333
 "Oh, Uber, they're gonna know
 about me and deactivate."

448
00:32:40,625 --> 00:32:44,042
 If you are 4.7 and less,
 they deactivate your account,

449
00:32:44,042 --> 00:32:45,958
by the way, if you are a driver.

450
00:32:46,667 --> 00:32:49,083
Deactivate means fired.

451
00:32:49,083 --> 00:32:51,917
Means no money for your family.

452
00:32:51,917 --> 00:32:54,500
So how can I work
all that stress?

453
00:32:54,500 --> 00:32:56,250
It's not good.

454
00:32:56,250 --> 00:32:57,958
We consider
as a self-contractor,

455
00:32:57,958 --> 00:33:00,750
but we cannot refuse passengers.

456
00:33:00,750 --> 00:33:03,667
We cannot do certain things.

457
00:33:03,667 --> 00:33:06,250
You have to go,
or you're gonna be deactivated.

458
00:33:06,250 --> 00:33:08,083
(light music)

459
00:33:17,458 --> 00:33:20,292
 (Mary): A lot of the workers
 we interviewed

460
00:33:20,292 --> 00:33:24,708
 talked about this experience
 of being hyper-vigilant,

461
00:33:24,708 --> 00:33:27,208
 having to constantly
 be scanning the platforms

462
00:33:27,208 --> 00:33:29,083
they were signed up to work on.

463
00:33:29,083 --> 00:33:31,083
 It was the opposite
 of flexibility.

464
00:33:31,083 --> 00:33:34,042
It was literally that they knew
 that they had to attend

465
00:33:34,042 --> 00:33:37,125
 to the requests,
 because if they did not,

466
00:33:37,125 --> 00:33:39,792
 they certainly would likely
 miss the work opportunities

467
00:33:39,792 --> 00:33:41,750
 that were there,
 but in some cases,

468
00:33:41,750 --> 00:33:43,167
 it would be held against them.

469
00:33:43,167 --> 00:33:45,417
 It would be a strike
 on their record.

470
00:33:47,917 --> 00:33:49,625
(phone chiming)

471
00:33:49,625 --> 00:33:52,167
- It's 2:30 AM.

472
00:33:52,167 --> 00:33:56,708
I get up pretty early
when I do Mechanical Turk.

473
00:33:56,708 --> 00:34:00,083
- I get up like I do right now,
it's like four in the morning.

474
00:34:00,083 --> 00:34:01,917
Get up kind of random times.

475
00:34:01,917 --> 00:34:04,917
- As much as I like to say
this job is stress-free,

476
00:34:04,917 --> 00:34:06,750
like in the ways
that I described,

477
00:34:06,750 --> 00:34:09,083
it is very stressful,
because sometimes you just

478
00:34:09,083 --> 00:34:10,708
push yourself and push yourself.

479
00:34:10,708 --> 00:34:12,708
Because you know you'll only
make that money

480
00:34:12,708 --> 00:34:14,375
if you do push yourself.

481
00:34:14,375 --> 00:34:15,958
And you can push
yourself too hard.

482
00:34:15,958 --> 00:34:18,417
- It's...

483
00:34:18,417 --> 00:34:20,958
kind of grown into an addiction,
if you will.

484
00:34:20,958 --> 00:34:24,042
Um, of doing these
Mechanical Turks.

485
00:34:24,042 --> 00:34:27,375
And it's like, I feel like
isolated if I don't do them.

486
00:34:27,375 --> 00:34:31,042
- It's crazy. Some days,
I've gone eight hours

487
00:34:31,042 --> 00:34:33,583
making ten bucks. It's...

488
00:34:33,583 --> 00:34:35,625
It's really hard work sometimes.

489
00:34:35,625 --> 00:34:38,000
Because you can make,
that can happen, you know?

490
00:34:38,000 --> 00:34:39,833
You can be doing
the best you can do,

491
00:34:39,833 --> 00:34:41,958
you can only make ten bucks
in a day.

492
00:34:41,958 --> 00:34:44,667
- If my wife's at work,
I'm at home

493
00:34:44,667 --> 00:34:47,583
doing Mechanical Turk work
until she gets home,

494
00:34:47,583 --> 00:34:49,500
and then after that,
I go out and do Shipped

495
00:34:49,500 --> 00:34:52,042
until midnight,
so I'll come back,

496
00:34:52,042 --> 00:34:53,708
start again at seven
in the morning.

497
00:36:06,125 --> 00:36:08,375
(high-pitched dinging)

498
00:36:32,583 --> 00:36:35,083
(indistinct chattering)

499
00:37:34,833 --> 00:37:37,250
(insects chirping)

500
00:37:54,917 --> 00:37:58,792
(Jason): I'm not addicted to it
 like I once was.

501
00:38:01,125 --> 00:38:04,792
Like, I'd set goals,
and I'd try to...

502
00:38:04,792 --> 00:38:06,625
reach that goal.

503
00:38:07,375 --> 00:38:09,625
 And it didn't matter,
 I'd be up 'til like,

504
00:38:09,625 --> 00:38:11,458
 three in the morning.

505
00:38:12,917 --> 00:38:16,167
There's been days
where I have sat on M-Turk

506
00:38:16,167 --> 00:38:18,667
all day long.

507
00:38:18,667 --> 00:38:23,042
And some people do that
for little to no money.

508
00:38:23,917 --> 00:38:27,000
I know some people do spend...

509
00:38:27,000 --> 00:38:30,875
every waking hour on here
just to make 20 bucks.

510
00:38:31,917 --> 00:38:34,417
When I need to, I can hit this,

511
00:38:34,417 --> 00:38:35,917
I grab this thing,

512
00:38:35,917 --> 00:38:40,167
and I'll squeeze some money
out of it somehow.

513
00:38:47,500 --> 00:38:51,083
- People on Mechanical Turk
and other platforms

514
00:38:51,083 --> 00:38:53,167
feel exploited,
and they are being exploited,

515
00:38:53,167 --> 00:38:54,750
in my opinion.

516
00:38:54,750 --> 00:38:57,375
So we were kind of fascinated
by this idea,

517
00:38:57,375 --> 00:38:59,917
so we decided to build
a system ourselves

518
00:38:59,917 --> 00:39:04,375
that basically combines
software and AI.

519
00:39:04,375 --> 00:39:07,000
(baby crying)

520
00:39:07,000 --> 00:39:11,667
My daughter's up. Sorry.
Just one second.

521
00:39:11,667 --> 00:39:14,500
I can't believe
she's up already.

522
00:39:16,583 --> 00:39:20,542
Isn't it pretty? Beautiful,
can you say, "beautiful day"?

523
00:39:21,542 --> 00:39:23,500
Can you say, "beautiful day"?

524
00:39:23,500 --> 00:39:26,167
You wanna walk?
You like to walk?

525
00:39:26,917 --> 00:39:28,542
(sighing)

526
00:39:28,542 --> 00:39:30,625
Ah!

527
00:39:30,625 --> 00:39:33,625
You want to go pick grapes?
Let's go pick some grapes.

528
00:39:33,625 --> 00:39:35,333
- Ah...
- Ah...

529
00:39:35,333 --> 00:39:38,417
 LeadGenius, what we do today

530
00:39:38,417 --> 00:39:41,875
is we provide data
management services

531
00:39:41,875 --> 00:39:44,625
to large sales
and marketing teams.

532
00:39:44,625 --> 00:39:47,542
So our customers include
companies like Google,

533
00:39:47,542 --> 00:39:49,792
Facebook, Amazon...

534
00:39:49,792 --> 00:39:53,042
Their sales and marketing teams
rely a lot

535
00:39:53,042 --> 00:39:55,500
on data, to both make decisions,

536
00:39:55,500 --> 00:39:57,542
and to do their work.

537
00:39:57,542 --> 00:39:59,125
And we do that for them.

538
00:39:59,125 --> 00:40:01,250
And we do it using
a combination of, as I said,

539
00:40:01,250 --> 00:40:03,750
technology,
artificial intelligence,

540
00:40:03,750 --> 00:40:05,542
and human computation.

541
00:40:09,417 --> 00:40:10,792
(laughing)

542
00:40:10,792 --> 00:40:13,500
Ah! Ah!

543
00:40:13,500 --> 00:40:16,125
Where do we go next?
Pick up oranges?

544
00:40:17,333 --> 00:40:19,708
 Early on, there were
 a few systems

545
00:40:19,708 --> 00:40:22,000
 that were being built
 around that same idea,

546
00:40:22,000 --> 00:40:23,750
 Mechanical Turk was one.

547
00:40:23,750 --> 00:40:27,875
And we were very unhappy

548
00:40:27,875 --> 00:40:32,625
with the way
these systems treated...

549
00:40:32,625 --> 00:40:34,333
human beings.

550
00:40:34,333 --> 00:40:38,875
We always believe that
it's not about, um...

551
00:40:38,875 --> 00:40:42,875
providing, like,
a two-hour-a-week job

552
00:40:42,875 --> 00:40:45,792
to millions of people.
It's rather you want

553
00:40:45,792 --> 00:40:48,875
people who are committed,
who want to spend

554
00:40:48,875 --> 00:40:51,292
anywhere between 10 to 40 hours
working with you,

555
00:40:51,292 --> 00:40:53,792
you want to train them,
you want to make sure

556
00:40:53,792 --> 00:40:55,083
that they have the right tools,

557
00:40:55,083 --> 00:40:56,792
you want to invest
in the people.

558
00:40:56,792 --> 00:40:59,500
(keyboard clicking)

559
00:41:02,083 --> 00:41:04,042
- The point of studying
LeadGenuis

560
00:41:04,042 --> 00:41:05,792
was to show, even when
you have companies

561
00:41:05,792 --> 00:41:07,750
doing everything they can,

562
00:41:07,750 --> 00:41:09,333
if we don't have regulations,

563
00:41:09,333 --> 00:41:13,375
and don't have that
social contract in place,

564
00:41:13,375 --> 00:41:17,167
there will always be some
competitor there who says,

565
00:41:17,167 --> 00:41:19,750
"I'm just not going to
take care of workers."

566
00:41:21,083 --> 00:41:23,208
(soft music)

567
00:41:30,042 --> 00:41:33,458
 (Al): We don't get any rights.
 All the big companies,

568
00:41:33,458 --> 00:41:35,125
they try and just...

569
00:41:35,125 --> 00:41:37,833
to take no more responsibilities

570
00:41:37,833 --> 00:41:41,333
toward the employees.

571
00:41:42,750 --> 00:41:45,250
 The only benefit I get
 from Uber and Lyft?

572
00:41:45,250 --> 00:41:47,333
High blood pressure, diabetes...

573
00:41:47,333 --> 00:41:49,417
(siren blaring)

574
00:41:49,417 --> 00:41:52,208
 Our message
 to those companies...

575
00:41:52,208 --> 00:41:54,958
We are your assets.

576
00:41:55,708 --> 00:41:58,250
If you want to make money,

577
00:41:58,250 --> 00:42:00,000
you have to know,

578
00:42:00,000 --> 00:42:02,833
this money,
it's gonna be through us.

579
00:42:04,625 --> 00:42:08,083
 This is one of our goals,
 to have a voice.

580
00:42:08,083 --> 00:42:12,667
So we have to get some attention
 and make it happen.

581
00:42:14,083 --> 00:42:16,208
(phone chiming)

582
00:42:21,292 --> 00:42:24,083
 (Annette): I never really
 went out and was an activist.

583
00:42:24,083 --> 00:42:27,083
 I was just always like,
 I don't have time for that.

584
00:42:27,083 --> 00:42:29,875
 Um, that's not my problem.

585
00:42:31,458 --> 00:42:33,875
 But this became my problem.
 (chuckling)

586
00:42:33,875 --> 00:42:35,375
 So...

587
00:42:36,667 --> 00:42:39,375
 I try not to...

588
00:42:39,375 --> 00:42:42,083
 mix this with my family.

589
00:42:43,583 --> 00:42:44,917
 At the same time,

590
00:42:44,917 --> 00:42:48,417
I'm taking time away
from them, and...

591
00:42:48,417 --> 00:42:52,417
you know,
inserting this in their lives.

592
00:42:53,958 --> 00:42:56,042
And I feel like,
I also feel guilty,

593
00:42:56,042 --> 00:42:58,792
because I feel like
I caused all this.

594
00:43:01,917 --> 00:43:04,208
That I left my job.

595
00:43:06,833 --> 00:43:08,958
(tearfully): Sorry.

596
00:43:15,625 --> 00:43:18,042
I went from...

597
00:43:18,958 --> 00:43:20,875
I mean, I was making
really good money.

598
00:43:20,875 --> 00:43:23,333
Like, we didn't have
to think about...

599
00:43:23,333 --> 00:43:26,292
(sniffling)
"Let's go get a treat,"

600
00:43:26,292 --> 00:43:28,333
or, "Let's go to the beach,"

601
00:43:28,333 --> 00:43:30,000
or...

602
00:43:31,208 --> 00:43:33,708
I don't even get to go drive
to see my parents

603
00:43:33,708 --> 00:43:36,750
in Los Banos anymore,
because I can't afford the gas.

604
00:43:38,000 --> 00:43:39,833
It just sucks.

605
00:43:41,542 --> 00:43:43,250
Sorry.

606
00:43:46,083 --> 00:43:48,375
(soft music)

607
00:44:21,583 --> 00:44:23,875
(mumbling indistinctly)

608
00:44:25,208 --> 00:44:27,083
(phone chiming)

609
00:50:16,042 --> 00:50:18,708
(siren blaring)

610
00:51:00,042 --> 00:51:04,792
 (Mary): It is entirely legal
 for a company to decide,

611
00:51:04,792 --> 00:51:07,292
 "I'm going to just eliminate
 whoever's lowest

612
00:51:07,292 --> 00:51:09,167
 on my rating system."

613
00:51:09,167 --> 00:51:12,167
 Much of reputation systems
 were put in place

614
00:51:12,167 --> 00:51:15,417
 to be able to give consumers
 reviews of products.

615
00:51:15,417 --> 00:51:19,250
 That doesn't transfer well
 to workers' effort.

616
00:51:19,250 --> 00:51:22,625
 Turning it into the equivalent
 of evaluating

617
00:51:22,625 --> 00:51:25,708
 whether we got a good coffee.

618
00:51:25,708 --> 00:51:28,708
 The power is very much
 on one side of the market.

619
00:51:29,792 --> 00:51:32,667
That place where there's
slippage between a product

620
00:51:32,667 --> 00:51:37,417
and a person's labour
is dangerous.

621
00:51:41,625 --> 00:51:44,375
- We'll replace the tyranny
of the boss,

622
00:51:44,375 --> 00:51:46,417
with tyranny of an algorithm.

623
00:51:46,417 --> 00:51:48,958
And that is much worse,
I will tell you.

624
00:51:48,958 --> 00:51:51,042
As a computer scientist,
I will tell you

625
00:51:51,042 --> 00:51:52,292
that that's much worse.

626
00:52:00,333 --> 00:52:02,583
 (Derek): The Internet
 is a matching machine.

627
00:52:02,583 --> 00:52:04,792
 It matches you to strangers

628
00:52:04,792 --> 00:52:06,875
 for the purpose of optimizing
 your experience

629
00:52:06,875 --> 00:52:08,542
across all sorts of categories.

630
00:52:08,542 --> 00:52:10,208
Whether it's matching
you with products

631
00:52:10,208 --> 00:52:11,625
you had never heard of
on Amazon,

632
00:52:11,625 --> 00:52:14,042
or restaurants you'd never
heard of on Yelp,

633
00:52:14,042 --> 00:52:17,833
or mates you never would've met
on dating apps.

634
00:52:17,833 --> 00:52:19,958
The Internet
is a matching machine,

635
00:52:19,958 --> 00:52:23,167
and ratings are really important
in a matching machine

636
00:52:23,167 --> 00:52:25,125
because you need to understand
how good

637
00:52:25,125 --> 00:52:27,292
the things are
that are around you.

638
00:52:27,292 --> 00:52:29,625
 A rating is really
 useful, right?

639
00:52:29,625 --> 00:52:31,833
 If you're visiting a new city
 you've never been in,

640
00:52:31,833 --> 00:52:33,500
 you want to have steak,
 or whatever,

641
00:52:33,500 --> 00:52:35,333
 you want to have pasta,

642
00:52:35,333 --> 00:52:37,333
 you want to know who has
 the best steak, and who has

643
00:52:37,333 --> 00:52:39,750
the best pasta. So you're gonna
use Yelp or Google

644
00:52:39,750 --> 00:52:42,208
to see who's above a 4.5

645
00:52:42,208 --> 00:52:45,167
in the local steak
and pasta options.

646
00:52:45,167 --> 00:52:47,708
So on the consumer side, ratings
are really, really useful,

647
00:52:47,708 --> 00:52:49,917
because they're signals
of quality.

648
00:52:49,917 --> 00:52:52,750
But ratings aren't just
something that consumers see.

649
00:52:52,750 --> 00:52:55,417
They're something that today,

650
00:52:55,417 --> 00:52:57,125
a lot of individuals have.

651
00:52:57,125 --> 00:52:58,625
And so that raises
the question of,

652
00:52:58,625 --> 00:53:00,417
what does it mean to be rated?

653
00:53:00,417 --> 00:53:03,167
What does it feel like
to be rated?

654
00:53:03,167 --> 00:53:06,833
And to have your rating
as an individual,

655
00:53:06,833 --> 00:53:09,000
from which you cannot escape,

656
00:53:09,000 --> 00:53:10,958
because you're not a company
that you can shut down,

657
00:53:10,958 --> 00:53:12,833
and you're not a movie
that ends,

658
00:53:12,833 --> 00:53:15,583
you're just one person
your entire life.

659
00:53:15,583 --> 00:53:19,958
What does it mean to live
inside of a rating?

660
00:53:20,458 --> 00:53:24,250
- My rating works a very
significant role

661
00:53:24,250 --> 00:53:27,125
in our daily working.

662
00:53:27,125 --> 00:53:31,708
Either on the M-Turk,
or on some other platform.

663
00:53:31,708 --> 00:53:34,125
Once we get a good rating,

664
00:53:34,125 --> 00:53:37,250
we got better prospects
for future work.

665
00:53:37,250 --> 00:53:39,083
- I've done a pretty good job,

666
00:53:39,083 --> 00:53:41,333
and I've completed
a bunch of hits,

667
00:53:41,333 --> 00:53:42,917
and got a bunch
of them approved,

668
00:53:42,917 --> 00:53:45,000
so I have a pretty good rating.

669
00:53:45,000 --> 00:53:46,917
I'm a Master Turker.

670
00:53:46,917 --> 00:53:49,292
- I did use to drive for Uber,

671
00:53:49,292 --> 00:53:51,292
so I'm very familiar with it.

672
00:53:51,292 --> 00:53:53,708
Ratings are often subjective.

673
00:53:53,708 --> 00:53:57,208
They can be, um..

674
00:53:57,208 --> 00:54:00,875
...open to interpretation.

675
00:54:00,875 --> 00:54:03,875
And that can translate
to a lower rating.

676
00:54:03,875 --> 00:54:06,292
- Once a requester blocked me

677
00:54:06,292 --> 00:54:09,792
because I did a few mistakes

678
00:54:09,792 --> 00:54:12,500
on some assignments.

679
00:54:12,500 --> 00:54:14,542
- I feel like the people
that run M-Turk

680
00:54:14,542 --> 00:54:16,625
don't really stop requesters,

681
00:54:16,625 --> 00:54:19,792
or stop the people
that make jobs,

682
00:54:19,792 --> 00:54:22,333
they don't do a great job
of stopping people from just

683
00:54:22,333 --> 00:54:24,208
giving people, like,

684
00:54:24,208 --> 00:54:27,500
bad, random bad ratings.

685
00:54:27,500 --> 00:54:29,833
- A couple people get
mass rejections,

686
00:54:29,833 --> 00:54:31,458
and they're out for blood.

687
00:54:31,458 --> 00:54:33,708
I've seen it, so be careful.

688
00:54:33,708 --> 00:54:37,458
- The moderation of the reviews
is sometimes non-existent.

689
00:54:37,458 --> 00:54:39,708
- People, those who are posting
the job,

690
00:54:39,708 --> 00:54:43,667
they should understand
weightage of ratings,

691
00:54:43,667 --> 00:54:47,583
because their ratings impact
our lives a lot.

692
00:54:47,583 --> 00:54:49,667
- I wouldn't...

693
00:54:49,667 --> 00:54:54,917
take anything, any
one-off type comments...

694
00:54:54,917 --> 00:54:59,500
to heart, because
I don't think that...

695
00:55:00,708 --> 00:55:03,917
that should make or break
a service or a person.

696
00:55:03,917 --> 00:55:06,708
(keyboard clicking)

697
00:55:11,708 --> 00:55:15,917
 (Mary): When platforms merge,
 and for example,

698
00:55:15,917 --> 00:55:18,875
when Elance and oDesk merged
to form Upwork,

699
00:55:18,875 --> 00:55:20,792
they deleted the rating systems.

700
00:55:20,792 --> 00:55:23,750
They deleted
everybody's reputation.

701
00:55:23,750 --> 00:55:26,667
Literally everybody
lost a track record

702
00:55:26,667 --> 00:55:28,958
of the work they had done.

703
00:55:29,875 --> 00:55:32,417
So recognizing that
if we don't treat

704
00:55:32,417 --> 00:55:35,542
reputation systems carefully,

705
00:55:35,542 --> 00:55:40,417
and recognize them as
effectively the new resumé

706
00:55:40,417 --> 00:55:42,833
for many task-based workers,

707
00:55:42,833 --> 00:55:46,125
we don't give it the respect
that workers need,

708
00:55:46,125 --> 00:55:50,333
and we often are leaving workers
at a severe disadvantage.

709
00:55:50,958 --> 00:55:52,958
The other thing to note
is many of us come

710
00:55:52,958 --> 00:55:55,333
at these reputation systems,
we don't have an idea

711
00:55:55,333 --> 00:55:57,208
of how to be a good boss.

712
00:55:57,208 --> 00:56:00,125
So if we're grumpy,
and we give somebody two stars,

713
00:56:00,125 --> 00:56:04,292
we have no idea that
literally just shut...

714
00:56:04,292 --> 00:56:07,458
that cut short
a worker's opportunity

715
00:56:07,458 --> 00:56:09,125
to get their next job.

716
00:56:40,333 --> 00:56:42,833
(insects chirping)

717
00:56:48,958 --> 00:56:51,583
- What's crazy, I got 850...

718
00:56:51,583 --> 00:56:54,792
875 rejections.

719
00:56:54,792 --> 00:56:57,083
Normally, that would...

720
00:56:57,083 --> 00:56:59,833
get someone's account,
make their account

721
00:56:59,833 --> 00:57:01,792
pretty much worthless.

722
00:57:01,792 --> 00:57:06,375
But I got so much approved,
I still got a 99.5 percent

723
00:57:06,375 --> 00:57:08,583
approval rate.

724
00:57:08,583 --> 00:57:12,250
So that 875 rejections is, eh...

725
00:57:12,250 --> 00:57:14,667
I don't even see it.
But a normal person,

726
00:57:14,667 --> 00:57:16,583
that would hurt them bad.

727
00:57:16,583 --> 00:57:18,792
That'd hurt them real bad.

728
00:57:19,750 --> 00:57:24,417
Like, normal people, if they got
ten or more rejections,

729
00:57:24,417 --> 00:57:26,375
then they're not getting
no work,

730
00:57:26,375 --> 00:57:29,500
'cause the requesters,

731
00:57:29,500 --> 00:57:33,583
for any good job,
they want a 99 or better.

732
00:57:33,583 --> 00:57:36,417
And I got that.
(chuckling)

733
00:57:36,417 --> 00:57:38,708
(light music)

734
00:57:41,542 --> 00:57:44,208
(distant sirens, honking)

735
00:57:46,458 --> 00:57:48,458
 (Derek): If you wake up
 on a Casper mattress,

736
00:57:48,458 --> 00:57:50,750
 and you workout
 on a Peloton bike,

737
00:57:50,750 --> 00:57:54,000
and then you Uber to your office
 at WeWork,

738
00:57:54,000 --> 00:57:56,250
 and you DoorDash
 lunch at WeWork,

739
00:57:56,250 --> 00:57:58,167
 you come home on
 an Uber or Lyft,

740
00:57:58,167 --> 00:58:01,708
 maybe you Lime scooter
 to your actual door,

741
00:58:01,708 --> 00:58:05,083
and then you use some other
delivery service

742
00:58:05,083 --> 00:58:07,208
like PostMates in order
to have dinner,

743
00:58:07,208 --> 00:58:09,833
you've then interacted
with eight companies

744
00:58:09,833 --> 00:58:12,375
that this year, are probably
gonna lose somewhere between

745
00:58:12,375 --> 00:58:14,292
10 and 15 billion dollars.

746
00:58:14,292 --> 00:58:16,875
 I mean, that is
 an unbelievable fact

747
00:58:16,875 --> 00:58:19,750
 about the semi-permanent
 subsidization

748
00:58:19,750 --> 00:58:21,833
of our habits.
And you have to think,

749
00:58:21,833 --> 00:58:23,542
how long can this go on?

750
00:58:23,542 --> 00:58:25,917
It is not in capitalism's
long-term interest

751
00:58:25,917 --> 00:58:28,375
to simply subsidize
the average habits

752
00:58:28,375 --> 00:58:32,333
of your typical urban,
upper-middle-class millennial.

753
00:58:32,333 --> 00:58:35,000
I call this the millennial
lifestyle subsidy.

754
00:58:35,000 --> 00:58:37,458
Right? Every single time
that you're using DoorDash,

755
00:58:37,458 --> 00:58:38,917
or using Uber,

756
00:58:38,917 --> 00:58:41,000
you're getting a little bit
of money back

757
00:58:41,000 --> 00:58:42,625
from these companies.
They're saying,

758
00:58:42,625 --> 00:58:44,458
"We're never going to charge you
as much as this service

759
00:58:44,458 --> 00:58:45,833
actually costs."

760
00:58:45,833 --> 00:58:48,875
So, I think it's ironic.
I think it's interesting.

761
00:58:48,875 --> 00:58:50,750
And I also think
it just can't last.

762
00:58:50,750 --> 00:58:52,500
 (Al in video): Uber and Lyft,

763
00:58:52,500 --> 00:58:55,042
 they put their drivers as
the last thing they care about.

764
00:58:55,042 --> 00:58:58,000
 I mean, when they started,

765
00:58:58,000 --> 00:59:00,042
 I don't know if anyone here
 has been here

766
00:59:00,042 --> 00:59:01,750
 for a long time...

767
00:59:01,750 --> 00:59:03,500
 When we were going
 to the Uber office,

768
00:59:03,500 --> 00:59:05,958
 it was here...
(indistinct)

769
00:59:07,875 --> 00:59:10,125
It's called
Deactivate Uber Billionaires.

770
00:59:10,125 --> 00:59:12,750
This happened November 6th,

771
00:59:12,750 --> 00:59:17,125
when Uber started to give profit
to the companies,

772
00:59:17,125 --> 00:59:18,833
and investors.

773
00:59:18,833 --> 00:59:21,458
So, this is the one
that don't have money.

774
00:59:21,458 --> 00:59:23,917
They're giving money
to their investors.

775
00:59:23,917 --> 00:59:28,375
Uber and Lyft, they just
launched their IPO.

776
00:59:28,375 --> 00:59:32,583
Uber, they get
120 billion dollars.

777
00:59:32,583 --> 00:59:35,208
Uber and Lyft,
they claim every year,

778
00:59:35,208 --> 00:59:36,958
they're not making money,

779
00:59:36,958 --> 00:59:39,917
which is, we know,
the tricky part.

780
00:59:39,917 --> 00:59:43,667
If you see a company saying,
"I'm not making money."

781
00:59:43,667 --> 00:59:46,875
And they extend
in 100 countries,

782
00:59:46,875 --> 00:59:50,625
and the same time,
their IPO, it's 120 billion.

783
00:59:50,625 --> 00:59:55,292
They pay millions
for self-driving cars.

784
00:59:55,292 --> 00:59:59,333
They pay billions, you know,

785
00:59:59,333 --> 01:00:03,583
to have their helicopter
industry improve,

786
01:00:03,583 --> 01:00:07,000
and they put their money
in every event.

787
01:00:07,000 --> 01:00:11,875
Their CEO, he gets, like,
55 million a year.

788
01:00:11,875 --> 01:00:14,083
And he said,
"I don't have money."

789
01:00:14,083 --> 01:00:15,833
It's the tricky part,

790
01:00:15,833 --> 01:00:17,917
because when you claim
your taxes, you can say,

791
01:00:17,917 --> 01:00:21,208
"Okay, I spent 5 billion
in self-driving cars,

792
01:00:21,208 --> 01:00:24,083
3 billion to this and that."

793
01:00:24,083 --> 01:00:28,500
Uber now, they have the most
expensive office

794
01:00:28,500 --> 01:00:31,583
in San Francisco by
the Warrior's stadium.

795
01:00:31,583 --> 01:00:35,000
A foot, maybe each foot
is five thousand.

796
01:00:35,000 --> 01:00:37,125
They have two big buildings
right there.

797
01:00:37,125 --> 01:00:40,125
Anyway, I want to be like them.

798
01:00:40,125 --> 01:00:42,333
Don't make money
and spend millions.

799
01:00:42,333 --> 01:00:44,833
I don't know how they do it,
but it's a good formula

800
01:00:44,833 --> 01:00:46,250
if we can do it.

801
01:00:52,000 --> 01:00:54,500
- People are in their cushy
little 9 to 5 jobs

802
01:00:54,500 --> 01:00:57,000
and they think
that they're safe.

803
01:00:57,000 --> 01:00:59,833
Um, but there are
companies out there

804
01:00:59,833 --> 01:01:02,667
trying to turn every industry
into an Uber.

805
01:01:02,667 --> 01:01:05,125
(honking, overlapping chatter)

806
01:01:13,125 --> 01:01:15,833
 (Nick): It's always
a question, as with capitalism,

807
01:01:15,833 --> 01:01:17,292
 of who actually benefits
 from this stuff.

808
01:01:17,292 --> 01:01:18,958
 Who profits from it?

809
01:01:18,958 --> 01:01:21,417
 Part of the reason why
 we're seeing high valuations

810
01:01:21,417 --> 01:01:24,000
 is that an influx of money
 into the technology sector

811
01:01:24,000 --> 01:01:25,750
 and venture capital knowing
 quite well

812
01:01:25,750 --> 01:01:27,542
how to design these deals
in a way that

813
01:01:27,542 --> 01:01:30,875
they benefit from even if
the company never makes money.

814
01:01:30,875 --> 01:01:32,708
 It's not just
 the American companies,

815
01:01:32,708 --> 01:01:34,500
 it's not just Uber and Airbnb,

816
01:01:34,500 --> 01:01:36,250
 it's also a number
 of the Chinese companies,

817
01:01:36,250 --> 01:01:39,958
 so-called unicorns, which are
 billion dollar plus companies.

818
01:01:39,958 --> 01:01:42,458
They're not making money either.

819
01:01:42,458 --> 01:01:44,792
So it's a widespread phenomenon.

820
01:01:44,792 --> 01:01:47,000
 And I think it says something
 very suspiciously wrong

821
01:01:47,000 --> 01:01:48,917
 with contemporary capitalism.

822
01:01:50,917 --> 01:01:52,792
(vehicles honking)

823
01:04:09,042 --> 01:04:10,833
 (Derek): This is
 a great example,

824
01:04:10,833 --> 01:04:13,375
 because they use software

825
01:04:13,375 --> 01:04:16,458
in a way, in order to optimize

826
01:04:16,458 --> 01:04:18,625
some element
of the physical world.

827
01:04:18,625 --> 01:04:21,167
Whether it's transportation,
or work, or food delivery.

828
01:04:22,417 --> 01:04:24,208
 The companies
 that are struggling

829
01:04:24,208 --> 01:04:26,333
 are these companies
 that are stuck

830
01:04:26,333 --> 01:04:28,417
 in the muck
 of the physical world.

831
01:04:28,417 --> 01:04:30,375
(metal creaking)

832
01:04:30,375 --> 01:04:31,875
(ominous music)

833
01:04:31,875 --> 01:04:34,750
 The world of space
 and the world of software

834
01:04:34,750 --> 01:04:36,792
 are not the same world.

835
01:05:18,458 --> 01:05:20,583
(ominous music)

836
01:05:35,542 --> 01:05:37,667
(birds chirping)

837
01:07:23,958 --> 01:07:26,000
(soft music)

838
01:07:27,333 --> 01:07:29,625
(train bell dinging)

839
01:07:40,208 --> 01:07:43,208
 - If you lose your job,
 you have no backup.

840
01:07:43,208 --> 01:07:45,125
You can get injured
in one second.

841
01:07:45,125 --> 01:07:47,458
Nobody plans,
"I'm gonna go drive today,

842
01:07:47,458 --> 01:07:50,167
or I'm gonna do my work,
and I'm gonna have an accident."

843
01:07:50,167 --> 01:07:53,167
Nobody plans that.
Accidents happen,

844
01:07:53,167 --> 01:07:55,083
and you have to have protection,

845
01:07:55,083 --> 01:07:58,417
that's why we need insurance,
we need some rights

846
01:07:58,417 --> 01:08:02,000
to get from the employers,
and we will do it together.

847
01:08:03,875 --> 01:08:07,042
Hi, everyone, how are you?
We are here in San Francisco,

848
01:08:07,042 --> 01:08:10,125
in front of City Hall,
looking for our rights.

849
01:08:10,125 --> 01:08:12,375
We're looking to pass AB5.

850
01:08:12,375 --> 01:08:14,208
And...
(chuckling)

851
01:08:14,208 --> 01:08:16,375
- We need your support, guys.
- Please.

852
01:08:16,375 --> 01:08:19,167
- What we need today
is to show this company

853
01:08:19,167 --> 01:08:20,750
our pressure.

854
01:08:20,750 --> 01:08:22,417
We're doing the right thing.

855
01:08:22,417 --> 01:08:27,042
We are one hand, we are gonna
be going for our rights.

856
01:08:27,042 --> 01:08:28,792
(light music)

857
01:08:28,792 --> 01:08:30,833
(speaking foreign language)

858
01:08:30,833 --> 01:08:32,167
Going back to work,

859
01:08:32,167 --> 01:08:34,833
because now it's going
to be rush hour.

860
01:08:34,833 --> 01:08:38,125
Rush hour's at 4:30 to 7:00.

861
01:08:38,125 --> 01:08:40,458
We gotta try to make a living.

862
01:08:40,458 --> 01:08:42,833
If you cannot make a living,

863
01:08:42,833 --> 01:08:46,042
maybe you're gonna be
like this gentleman right there.

864
01:08:58,208 --> 01:09:01,292
 (Annette): Everyone who knows
 about American history

865
01:09:01,292 --> 01:09:04,250
 knows that workers are always
 fighting for their rights.

866
01:09:08,042 --> 01:09:11,083
 When I talk to drivers,
 it's like flipping a coin.

867
01:09:11,083 --> 01:09:12,625
Hi!
(man): Hi.

868
01:09:12,625 --> 01:09:16,167
 - Either they're not happy
 with the driving,

869
01:09:16,167 --> 01:09:17,958
 or they're happy
 with the driving.

870
01:09:17,958 --> 01:09:20,792
 And trying to figure that out
 without offending someone

871
01:09:20,792 --> 01:09:22,958
 sometimes is so tricky.

872
01:09:22,958 --> 01:09:26,000
Are you, like,
okay with the way things are?

873
01:09:26,000 --> 01:09:28,042
I feel like maybe you are.
Are you?

874
01:09:32,458 --> 01:09:33,958
- It's not good?

875
01:09:46,125 --> 01:09:48,333
- Are you ready
to give it up yet?

876
01:09:48,333 --> 01:09:50,208
I'm trying.
(laughing)

877
01:09:51,458 --> 01:09:52,708
Yeah.

878
01:10:17,250 --> 01:10:19,208
(man chanting)

879
01:11:46,250 --> 01:11:49,083
(honking, crowd chanting)

880
01:11:49,083 --> 01:11:50,750
 (woman): Lyft drivers
 are calling this

881
01:11:50,750 --> 01:11:53,917
 a 500-mile pilgrimage
 to the State capital.

882
01:11:53,917 --> 01:11:57,583
 It began in Los Angeles
with two rallies earlier today.

883
01:11:57,583 --> 01:12:00,708
 The rally in San Francisco
 just started.

884
01:12:00,708 --> 01:12:03,125
 It's all in support of
 State Assembly Bill 5,

885
01:12:03,125 --> 01:12:05,500
 which would reclassify
 these contract workers

886
01:12:05,500 --> 01:12:07,000
 as employees.

887
01:12:07,000 --> 01:12:09,708
Right now, Uber and Lyft drivers

888
01:12:09,708 --> 01:12:11,917
 are classified
 as independent contractors.

889
01:12:11,917 --> 01:12:13,458
 If they were made employees,

890
01:12:13,458 --> 01:12:15,708
 as AB5 seeks to do,

891
01:12:15,708 --> 01:12:18,167
drivers would be given benefits
 and labour rights,

892
01:12:18,167 --> 01:12:20,208
such as unemployment insurance,

893
01:12:20,208 --> 01:12:22,875
 health care, overtime pay,
 among others,

894
01:12:22,875 --> 01:12:25,958
 including a guaranteed
 minimum hourly wage.

895
01:12:26,667 --> 01:12:28,833
(crowd): Uber, Uber,
now it's over!

896
01:12:28,833 --> 01:12:31,250
- Uber, Uber, now it's over!

897
01:12:31,250 --> 01:12:33,417
(crowd repeating)

898
01:12:33,417 --> 01:12:37,083
- Yes for AB5! Yes for AB5!

899
01:12:37,083 --> 01:12:39,083
(whistles blowing, cheering)

900
01:12:40,542 --> 01:12:41,792
- Say it again!

901
01:12:41,792 --> 01:12:43,708
- The work in America

902
01:12:43,708 --> 01:12:46,917
belongs to the workers
of America!

903
01:12:46,917 --> 01:12:48,417
(cheering)

904
01:12:48,417 --> 01:12:51,667
And we will fight!
And we will not stop

905
01:12:51,667 --> 01:12:55,417
until we make sure corporate
America knows it.

906
01:12:55,417 --> 01:12:59,167
(cheering,
chanting indistinctly)

907
01:12:59,167 --> 01:13:01,458
Because when AB5 passes,

908
01:13:01,458 --> 01:13:03,417
because it will...

909
01:13:03,417 --> 01:13:04,667
(cheering)

910
01:13:04,667 --> 01:13:07,792
The work will have
just begun for us!

911
01:13:07,792 --> 01:13:11,583
(all chanting): AB5! AB5!

912
01:13:11,583 --> 01:13:14,792
(honking, chanting)

913
01:13:16,625 --> 01:13:20,750
- Yes for AB5! Yes for AB5!

914
01:13:20,750 --> 01:13:22,583
- If you don't
come together now,

915
01:13:22,583 --> 01:13:24,833
in the next ten years,

916
01:13:24,833 --> 01:13:26,542
the 20 after that

917
01:13:26,542 --> 01:13:29,542
are going to be so bad
for an average worker,

918
01:13:29,542 --> 01:13:33,833
that, you know, the Middle Ages

919
01:13:33,833 --> 01:13:36,458
would look like paradise.

920
01:13:36,458 --> 01:13:38,208
That's how bad it can be.

921
01:13:41,292 --> 01:13:43,083
 (Al): I'm gonna tell you
 a secret.

922
01:13:43,083 --> 01:13:46,375
 Like, always I was thinking
 about language,

923
01:13:46,375 --> 01:13:48,000
 it's gonna be a big wall.

924
01:13:48,000 --> 01:13:50,333
Because I was shy about,

925
01:13:50,333 --> 01:13:52,292
okay, if I'm gonna talk,
people, they're gonna go,

926
01:13:52,292 --> 01:13:54,417
"He has an accent!"

927
01:13:54,417 --> 01:13:57,875
The reality is I look
for the driver's right.

928
01:13:57,875 --> 01:14:01,292
So, when you do something
from the bottom of your heart,

929
01:14:01,292 --> 01:14:03,625
and you believe in it,
I believe you're gonna...

930
01:14:03,625 --> 01:14:05,875
you're gonna get something.

931
01:14:05,875 --> 01:14:08,042
This is one of the photos
I'm proud of,

932
01:14:08,042 --> 01:14:10,750
it's in the New York Times.

933
01:14:10,750 --> 01:14:12,708
Those companies,
they did not listen

934
01:14:12,708 --> 01:14:16,542
until when we have the AB5,
and it was legally passed,

935
01:14:16,542 --> 01:14:19,875
so after that,
we got their attention.

936
01:14:19,875 --> 01:14:21,917
So we will continue this.

937
01:14:21,917 --> 01:14:23,583
I'm gonna do it
with some passion,

938
01:14:23,583 --> 01:14:25,917
with some protection,
with more confidence.

939
01:14:25,917 --> 01:14:28,792
So that's why they wanted me,
and I'm gonna do it.

940
01:14:28,792 --> 01:14:30,500
So...

941
01:14:32,292 --> 01:14:34,708
(soft music)

942
01:14:46,917 --> 01:14:49,000
 (Jason): When computers
 first came out,

943
01:14:49,000 --> 01:14:52,667
 my dad was like,
"We're going to get a computer."

944
01:14:52,667 --> 01:14:54,167
Don't drop it!

945
01:14:54,167 --> 01:14:57,042
 And he said,
 "My son's not gonna

946
01:14:57,042 --> 01:14:59,333
 be no garbage man."
 He didn't want me

947
01:14:59,333 --> 01:15:01,792
 working manual labour. And...

948
01:15:03,000 --> 01:15:05,333
 now, looking back,

949
01:15:05,333 --> 01:15:07,542
I understand what he was seeing.

950
01:15:07,542 --> 01:15:10,542
I was always on the honour roll.

951
01:15:10,542 --> 01:15:13,917
 And gifted classes
 in elementary school.

952
01:15:13,917 --> 01:15:17,958
 Like, I've always known I was
 smarter than my classmates

953
01:15:17,958 --> 01:15:20,500
 and my friends.
 Like, these people are idiots.

954
01:15:20,500 --> 01:15:23,125
 And then going to prison,

955
01:15:23,125 --> 01:15:26,583
 like, opened my eyes
 to the rest of the state.

956
01:15:26,583 --> 01:15:31,042
 And like, people
 are idiots in general.

957
01:15:36,208 --> 01:15:38,083
(cashier): Thirty-two
ninety-five.

958
01:15:38,083 --> 01:15:41,000
There you go, sweetie.
- Sorry,

959
01:15:41,000 --> 01:15:44,375
I was expensive today.
(laughing)

960
01:15:44,375 --> 01:15:46,167
(cashier): You're worth it.

961
01:15:46,167 --> 01:15:47,958
- Am I?
- Yes, you are.

962
01:15:47,958 --> 01:15:49,625
- You think?
- Yes, ma'am.

963
01:15:49,625 --> 01:15:51,292
- I hope he thinks so.

964
01:15:51,292 --> 01:15:53,500
- I'm sure he does.
- Do ya?

965
01:15:53,500 --> 01:15:55,708
- I can always
put this money back.

966
01:15:55,708 --> 01:15:57,125
- That's right.

967
01:15:57,125 --> 01:15:59,458
- I can't put time
with Mom back.

968
01:15:59,458 --> 01:16:02,250
- That's right! See?
(chuckling)

969
01:16:06,417 --> 01:16:09,292
- This is where my M-Turk
money goes.

970
01:16:10,292 --> 01:16:14,750
I need you to win a thousand
a week for life, Mom.

971
01:16:16,125 --> 01:16:18,667
- I won two dollars.

972
01:16:19,500 --> 01:16:22,875
- It makes her happy, so...

973
01:16:22,875 --> 01:16:24,625
Whatever.

974
01:16:27,833 --> 01:16:30,875
A lot of times,
she does win 50 bucks,

975
01:16:30,875 --> 01:16:35,167
and then it goes
to the same place, so...

976
01:16:35,167 --> 01:16:37,875
She plays until
she has zero dollars.

977
01:16:37,875 --> 01:16:39,917
Like, she just won five,

978
01:16:39,917 --> 01:16:43,083
she'll keep going
until it's nothing.

979
01:16:44,167 --> 01:16:46,833
That upsets me,
'cause then, like,

980
01:16:46,833 --> 01:16:49,375
what about other stuff? Like...

981
01:16:51,375 --> 01:16:55,208
I'm still responsible
for everything else.

982
01:16:55,208 --> 01:16:57,250
You know? Food, and...

983
01:16:57,250 --> 01:16:59,125
(scratching)

984
01:17:01,167 --> 01:17:03,292
- Throw this away.

985
01:17:07,167 --> 01:17:09,667
Let me get more tickets.

986
01:17:12,542 --> 01:17:14,875
- I'm worried, like,
what if I was

987
01:17:14,875 --> 01:17:16,833
to like, go to jail
or something?

988
01:17:16,833 --> 01:17:19,250
My mom would have...

989
01:17:19,250 --> 01:17:21,208
I gotta few thousand dollars,

990
01:17:21,208 --> 01:17:24,292
but she would burn that up
in a day or two,

991
01:17:24,292 --> 01:17:27,292
and then she'd be
completely broke, and...

992
01:17:27,292 --> 01:17:30,375
You know, that's another thing
about, like...

993
01:17:30,375 --> 01:17:32,708
I'd worry to death about her.

994
01:17:32,708 --> 01:17:36,333
If I wasn't here
to take care of her...

995
01:17:40,125 --> 01:17:43,000
Nothing.
- Nothing.

996
01:17:44,667 --> 01:17:46,167
Throw it away.

997
01:17:46,167 --> 01:17:49,292
- All the way to zero every day.

998
01:18:02,958 --> 01:18:05,583
- Good morning.

999
01:18:05,583 --> 01:18:10,625
This is the first time
I leave my house.

1000
01:18:10,625 --> 01:18:14,167
I was here for almost...

1001
01:18:14,167 --> 01:18:16,167
eight days, now.

1002
01:18:16,167 --> 01:18:19,167
There is no work.
That's my car right there.

1003
01:18:20,792 --> 01:18:23,208
And that's my house.

1004
01:18:23,208 --> 01:18:25,792
As you see, nobody outside.

1005
01:18:26,750 --> 01:18:30,208
The Corona Virus make
everyone just stay home.

1006
01:18:30,208 --> 01:18:34,375
I'm just leaving right now
because we need some...

1007
01:18:34,375 --> 01:18:37,208
stuff, like, some food.

1008
01:18:38,125 --> 01:18:40,375
That's San Francisco.

1009
01:18:40,375 --> 01:18:42,583
That's my city.

1010
01:18:42,583 --> 01:18:45,292
Believe it or not,
this is the Bay Bridge.

1011
01:18:45,292 --> 01:18:48,458
One of the most busiest
bridges in the world.

1012
01:18:48,458 --> 01:18:50,125
Nobody.

1013
01:18:50,125 --> 01:18:52,125
No one.

1014
01:18:52,125 --> 01:18:55,333
Tomorrow, it's supposed
to be the rent.

1015
01:18:56,417 --> 01:18:58,792
And...

1016
01:18:58,792 --> 01:19:01,125
we will see how can
we figure out...

1017
01:19:02,458 --> 01:19:04,542
doing something for that.

1018
01:19:06,083 --> 01:19:09,000
I hope everything
ends very soon,

1019
01:19:09,000 --> 01:19:12,875
because we cannot handle
to stay t home.

1020
01:19:16,375 --> 01:19:18,833
(soft music)

1021
01:20:03,042 --> 01:20:06,250
 - A lot has changed
 since you've seen me last.

1022
01:20:06,750 --> 01:20:08,750
I lost my mom.

1023
01:20:10,125 --> 01:20:14,042
I don't think I'll ever
stop blaming myself for it.

1024
01:20:14,042 --> 01:20:15,708
You know?

1025
01:20:15,708 --> 01:20:17,458
 But...

1026
01:20:17,458 --> 01:20:21,333
 I guess when God decides
 it's your time to go,

1027
01:20:21,333 --> 01:20:24,292
 no one can stop that.

1028
01:20:31,625 --> 01:20:34,167
(soft music continues)

1029
01:21:47,542 --> 01:21:50,917
- I'm thinking now
about what is the number one

1030
01:21:50,917 --> 01:21:53,250
priority in my list.

1031
01:21:53,250 --> 01:21:56,625
Because now, money is limited,

1032
01:21:56,625 --> 01:21:58,667
we have no resources
for three weeks.

1033
01:21:58,667 --> 01:22:01,250
When I see Uber,
the CEO for Uber

1034
01:22:01,250 --> 01:22:04,083
talking about, "Thank you
to the government.

1035
01:22:04,083 --> 01:22:05,542
Thank you for the aid."

1036
01:22:05,542 --> 01:22:08,167
And they send us an email
about how you can get aid.

1037
01:22:08,167 --> 01:22:09,833
That's shame on you!

1038
01:22:09,833 --> 01:22:12,000
The aid doesn't come from you!

1039
01:22:12,000 --> 01:22:14,583
The aid comes
from the government!

1040
01:22:14,583 --> 01:22:17,625
You should double that
and give it to your workers!

1041
01:22:17,625 --> 01:22:19,292
You're not on the drivers' side!

1042
01:22:19,292 --> 01:22:21,708
You were never
on the drivers' side!

1043
01:22:21,708 --> 01:22:24,458
We're fighting you since 2015!

1044
01:22:24,458 --> 01:22:26,708
And you know we're suffering!

1045
01:22:28,000 --> 01:22:29,958
(soft music)

1046
01:22:39,458 --> 01:22:41,500
 (Mary): The place
 we need to go next

1047
01:22:41,500 --> 01:22:43,958
 is radically rethinking

1048
01:22:43,958 --> 01:22:47,083
 how do we orient to work?

1049
01:22:47,083 --> 01:22:50,875
 If it is project-driven,
 and task-based,

1050
01:22:50,875 --> 01:22:53,333
 and globally connected,

1051
01:22:53,333 --> 01:22:55,667
how will we value
people's contributions?

1052
01:22:55,667 --> 01:22:58,125
'Cause I think what's
most fascinating here

1053
01:22:58,125 --> 01:23:00,667
is it's not about valuing
an individual.

1054
01:23:00,667 --> 01:23:03,958
It is literally about
valuing people

1055
01:23:03,958 --> 01:23:05,833
making themselves available.

1056
01:23:06,500 --> 01:23:09,958
 We should be underwriting
 that person's ability

1057
01:23:09,958 --> 01:23:12,958
 not just to be there today,
 but to come back tomorrow.

1058
01:23:14,000 --> 01:23:16,000
So what we should be paying for

1059
01:23:16,000 --> 01:23:19,333
 is the availability
 of this abundance.

1060
01:23:25,208 --> 01:23:27,500
What is our new social contract

1061
01:23:27,500 --> 01:23:29,792
 in a world where
 the majority of us

1062
01:23:29,792 --> 01:23:32,667
are serving each other?

1063
01:23:32,667 --> 01:23:36,417
Recognizing what it means
to value each other

1064
01:23:36,417 --> 01:23:38,292
when we're serving each other.

1065
01:23:38,292 --> 01:23:40,750
That's the task in front of us.

1066
01:23:43,542 --> 01:23:46,958
- Hi, everyone. We are here
by the Labor Commission.

1067
01:23:46,958 --> 01:23:49,042
This is the Labor Commission
building,

1068
01:23:49,042 --> 01:23:52,583
we are here with our drivers
to get our rights.

1069
01:23:52,583 --> 01:23:55,000
(all cars honking)
We are here because...

1070
01:23:55,000 --> 01:23:58,417
we didn't get our rights,
and nobody cared about us.

1071
01:23:58,417 --> 01:24:01,167
We are here,
and we will come back again.

1072
01:24:01,167 --> 01:24:02,917
I need you to see the crowd.

1073
01:24:02,917 --> 01:24:05,542
(honking continues)
This is the crowd.

1074
01:24:05,542 --> 01:24:08,292
That's the people.
That's the drivers.

1075
01:24:08,292 --> 01:24:10,458
(honking continues)

1076
01:25:23,375 --> 01:25:27,583
♪ Well, you may be sheltered
in your life now ♪

1077
01:25:27,583 --> 01:25:32,083
♪ But there will come a time
when it'll come to call ♪

1078
01:25:32,083 --> 01:25:36,583
♪ When every war fought
in your own name ♪

1079
01:25:36,583 --> 01:25:41,083
♪ Won't bring you answers
will bring you shame ♪

1080
01:25:41,083 --> 01:25:45,917
♪ When every child
who showed you close ♪

1081
01:25:45,917 --> 01:25:49,667
♪ Will bring you anguish
because you'll know ♪

1082
01:25:49,667 --> 01:25:54,583
♪ Behind every good thing
that you own ♪

1083
01:25:54,583 --> 01:25:58,667
♪ Somebody's sweating
you'll hear them go ♪

1084
01:25:58,667 --> 01:26:02,458
♪ Come on, people ♪

1085
01:26:05,500 --> 01:26:07,833
♪ People ♪

1086
01:26:07,833 --> 01:26:11,333
♪ Remember the people ♪

1087
01:26:13,667 --> 01:26:16,500
♪ People ♪

1088
01:26:26,250 --> 01:26:30,708
♪ Is it as hard now
as it seems ♪

1089
01:26:30,708 --> 01:26:35,333
♪ Hands on the plow
of another man's dreams ♪

1090
01:26:35,333 --> 01:26:39,417
♪ They'll try to tell you
we're on different teams ♪

1091
01:26:39,417 --> 01:26:41,708
♪ And when we get together ♪

1092
01:26:41,708 --> 01:26:43,792
♪ They've always got
this scheme ♪

1093
01:26:43,792 --> 01:26:46,292
♪ First there's a silence ♪

1094
01:26:48,750 --> 01:26:51,000
♪ Then there's a shot ♪

1095
01:26:53,083 --> 01:26:57,583
♪ And then there's sirens,
whoa, whoa, whoa ♪

1096
01:27:02,208 --> 01:27:04,458
♪ And where the smoke is ♪

1097
01:27:04,458 --> 01:27:06,458
♪ They'll say you're to blame ♪

1098
01:27:06,458 --> 01:27:08,833
♪ And when you try to protest ♪

1099
01:27:08,833 --> 01:27:10,917
♪ They'll smear your name ♪

1100
01:27:10,917 --> 01:27:13,250
♪ When the truth gets ambushed ♪

1101
01:27:13,250 --> 01:27:15,750
♪ They'll say it's fair game ♪

1102
01:27:15,750 --> 01:27:17,792
♪ If we don't stand up ♪

1103
01:27:17,792 --> 01:27:19,750
♪ It'll stay the same ♪

1104
01:27:19,750 --> 01:27:22,792
♪ Come on, people ♪

1105
01:27:26,250 --> 01:27:28,417
♪ People ♪

1106
01:27:28,417 --> 01:27:32,125
♪ Remember the people ♪

1107
01:27:35,292 --> 01:27:37,625
♪ People ♪

1108
01:27:52,542 --> 01:27:57,333
Subtitling: difuze