A Better Life

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After 30 years of war, a difficult peace, migration, economic, social and cultural upheaval, for her new film Olivia Carrescia returns to Todos Santos, to examine the changes that have taken place. The Todos Santeros now have cell phones, TV's and large cinderblock houses, but are they better off?

The civil strife of the 1980's ended in the official Peace Accord of 1996, but left many of the conflict's underlying social and economic problems unresolved. An increasing number of Todos Santos, rather than traveling as they had done for generations to the coastal cotton plantations, began traveling back and forth to the U.S.-legally or illegally. They sent back cash remittances that those who were left behind used for household necessities, and later for clothes, electronics and other items. Before long, homes similar to those the migrants saw in the United States and in the luxury resorts of Cancun, Mexico, began springing up in this traditional Mayan village. As a result, Todos Santos grew and prospered, becoming a commercial hub in the northwestern mountains of Guatemala.

But the prosperity was not to last. Long term migration and the economic crisis of 2008 in the U.S. has had severe repercussions in this once small mountain village.

In A BETTER LIFE we meet again Santiaga, the weaver and resourceful homemaker, Benito, the former school teacher, and Desiderio, the wise environmentalist-all familiar to those who have seen the Todos Santos trilogy of films. Along with returning migrants and newly introduced villagers, young and old, the impact of profound change and altered expectations is explored with the sensitivity, awareness and insight that have characterized this documentary series.

'Olivia Carrescia completes a trilogy of films about life in the Mam community of Todos Santos Cuchumatan by furnishing a series of vignettes, poignant and incisive, that document a giddying process of socio-economic as well as cultural change, one that has transformed a hitherto remote corner of highland Guatemala into a globalized hub. Her thirty-year perspective offers us a teeming microcosm of how traditional values are challenged, reconfigured, and often obliterated, yet Todos Santos endures.' -W. George Lovell, Queen's University, Canada (Professor of Geography)

'Based on Carrescia's thirty years of contact with Todos Santos Mam, this is a hopeful rather than despairing look at how the Mayas are struggling to improve their lives - some of them with great success.' -David Stoll, a Professor of Anthropology at Middlebury College

'For over thirty years, prize-winning filmmaker Olivia Carrescia has carefully documented the lives of Todosanteros, developing long-term relationships that are evident in her newest film. Una Vida Mejor is a sensitive portrayal of what intensifying transnational migration has produced in Todos Santos over the course of the past decade. It is a compelling and much-anticipated update that won't disappoint.' -Dr. Jennifer Burrell, Department of Anthropology, University at Albany SUNY

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Main credits

Carrescia, Olivia (film director)
Carrescia, Olivia (film producer)
Carrescia, Olivia (cinematographer)
Carrescia, Olivia (film editor)
Carrescia, Olivia (narrator)

Other credits

Produced, directed, photographed, edited and narrated by Olivia Lucia Carrescia.

MARC Record See Worldcat record

Keywords

Todos Santos; Guatemala; Highlands; Maya; Mayan; villagers; Olivia Carrescia; documentary; film; video; DVD; "A Better Life"; Icarus Films;

WEBVTT

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[sil.]

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[non-English narration]

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We are in a stage of evolution.

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In developing countries, the changes reach even
these small villages. It’s a transformation.

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The people are changing because
many times, working with the whole

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under machete all day long
doesn’t give much satisfaction.

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[non-English narration]

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It is necessary that man
seek a better life.

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[sil.]

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[music]

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[sil.]

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Life under plantation is really hard.
The problem is that

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we go with the children in
to rocks and is very hard

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and the sun is very strong.

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The truck only has a plank to sit on

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and it rocks and shakes and we don’t
get there until the next day.

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That’s how the children gets sick.

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When we get there, we’ll receive a sack
and rations and the people go to work.

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I make tortillas for the people

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and they all go down to the fields.

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During the political violence of the
1980s, over 400,000 Guatemalans,

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mostly Maya, fled to
Mexico and United States.

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The Peace Accords were signed in 1996.
But severe underemployment

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and the promise of better wages, led
to a dramatic increase in migration.

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Rather than a few months on plantations, many Todos
Santeros now remain in the United States for years.

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Over 36% of families in Guatemala

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no longer have a head of household.

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But Santiaga’s kitchen is
always a hub of activity.

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Her daughter Cristina is
married to a Swiss man, Roman.

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They have two daughters.

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Santiago also cares for
her nephew, 19-year-old

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(inaudible), her 5-year-old
grandson Glad Anderson, (ph)

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and 16-year-old Martha, another relative. All
have parents working in the United States.

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Somehow, Santiago keeps them
all together in her warm

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and inviting kitchen.

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In 2001, Santiago and Porfirio(ph) ran a popular
and lively hotel with a great view of the square.

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But when others offered more modern
lodgings, they decided to rebuild.

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The old structure was torn down
and construction began in 2007.

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In 2009, Porfirio(ph) proudly showed me

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the new hotel under construction.

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[sil.]

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[sil.]

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[sil.]

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In early 2009, the Todos Santeros
were still enjoying economic growth.

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Despite migration, the population
had grown from 12,000 in 1979

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to over 30,000.

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Todos Santos had become a commercial hub in

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the mountainous region of
north western Guatemala.

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Rather than hiking miles
through the mountains,

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people now bring their products to
Todos Santos in cars and trucks.

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[sil.]

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By early 2009, (inaudible) from
the United States to Guatemala,

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rose to over $4.2 billions a
year, exceeding the total volume

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of annual exports and income from tourism.

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At first, funds sent my migrants were
used for food and household necessities.

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But with time, the (inaudible)
became used to electronics,

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cell phones, cars, and
another luxury items.

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And eventually to build large
homes, similar to those found in

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the areas where migrants were working.
The cost of building materials rose

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as well as the price of land.
Todos Santos became part of

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the global economy.

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Outside the village center, people still
plant their corn in early February.

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I went to visit Benito, the
former school teacher.

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In 1979, he lived in his father’s family
compound, where we documented putting on

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the new roof.

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[non-English narration]

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For a better life, it’s not necessary perhaps that man
learned more, that he learned to better utilize the land,

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that he be better educated, that
all his children go to school

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because here in Todos Santos, the
majority of the people are illiterate.

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Benito has also built a new house,
which, like many others, remains empty.

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His wife explained that it was built for
one of their sons who lives in Florida.

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Benito’s son, Estuardo spent
eight years in United States.

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One of the changes possibly
due to absent fathers

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or outside influences, was the
growing violence among young men

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and the community’s response.

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So what the people did,
they found security crew.

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So everybody has to participate at night,

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especially, also the young people who are
here but together with the generation,

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all have been more mature. So it’s also to
work together with the young generation

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and not only against the
younger generation.

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And they prohibited to sell alcohol. So
that’s why Todos Santos is a dry town

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and most people are agree with that

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and see it way more
quiet, way more peaceful,

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less fights than before. At the
beginning, I was very skeptic.

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Dry town and you can’t do that, it’s not
really legal and you can manage that

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but now after two years,
I have to say actually,

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it’s a good idea. Most people agreed
that it’s safer and more tranquil now.

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But other recent the harsh punishments
carried out by their own community members.

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It’s USA,

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United States.

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I was in United States eight year and half.
And why did you come back?

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Because the Negros stabbed me.
I was deportation

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Uh… after 12 months, we go.

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I’m going

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because the Negros just stopped me again.
(inaudible).

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Yeah. I come in this… uh… this country,

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the (inaudible). I was in the jail

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for 40 days.

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Yeah. This is bad, really bad.

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[music]

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I was eight year and half, eight
year and half in United States,

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the first time because my
wife is waiting for me.

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She is in Michigan with my son.
My son is born there.

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Because, I… I need to go back again.

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I need… Through the desert?

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Yeah. With (inaudible)?
Only me because in Mexico,

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it’s not a problem. It’s in the…
United States, it’s a problem.

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Because I’m going only… only.

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So I don’t have a problem
in Mexico, and Guatemala,

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don’t care what’s… I don’t have a problem.

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Okay. You too. Thank you. Thank you.

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You see my… my, my tattoo? USA.

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USA

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and the stars. Okay, see you.
See you next time.

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Okay.

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In 2010, over 29,000 Guatemalans

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were deported from the United States.
28,000 were deported from Mexico.

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Todos Santeros and other Mayans
borrow from $4000 to $6000

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for a Kouyate(ph) to bring
them across the border.

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Hundreds die of heat exhaustion, or captured for ransom
or are caught by immigration officers and sent home.

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Unable to pay off their debts
and with no means of work,

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many risked the trip back
to the United States alone.

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Other times,

00:25:45.000 --> 00:25:49.999
they return to Guatemala as victims of car
accidents, gang fights, or work injuries.

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But their loyalty and gratefulness

00:25:55.000 --> 00:25:59.999
to the United States remains strong.

00:26:00.000 --> 00:26:08.000
[sil.]

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By 2010, construction on
the new hotel had stopped.

00:26:15.000 --> 00:26:19.999
The price of rebar and other materials had
nearly tripled. And Santiaga and Porfirio

00:26:20.000 --> 00:26:24.999
were deeply debt.

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I asked Santiaga if her sons could help.

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Santiaga and Porfirio are
trying to sell some land

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but there are no buyers.

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Some men took their families to the United
States. After 13 years, (inaudible) father

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was laid off from his job at a chicken
processing factory in Alabama.

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They returned to their
newly built house in 2007.

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My life was so different in here. It was okay. It
was firm. I would never think being back here.

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Now my life here is different than then.

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I can’t make it like do things there, here.

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No, they’re different. What kind of things
did you do there that you can’t do here?

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Well, there, we like… I used to play.
I play,

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I talk with my friends or boys. They
talk to me but here, if we talk like,

00:30:10.000 --> 00:30:14.999
with a boy, every, all the girls here
thinks like you have something with him.

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I don’t know why the people
here thinks so bad. But there,

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if a friend, if you seen with him, it’s
because, it’s you’re friends there. But here,

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the people here think that you have
something with him. So you can’t…

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If you see some, a friend of you, I
just ignore him. I don’t talk to him.

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I’m not used to this place.
Whenever we go to school here,

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we have to go walking and then bus,

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pick you or mom takes you in car.

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Well, you told me you don’t like here, you
feel that much? No. I don’t like it. Why not?

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I don’t know. I just don’t like wind.

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Because it’s different? Because it’s, it’s
too heavy. It’s too heavy to… to wear.

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And if you go like in a walk so far, oh,

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you get so sweaty in it. It’s hot in there.
It’s like, if you wanna take it off.

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But it’s cold here now?

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Yeah. To me, it’s like, it’s okay with me. Because
I got used to it. It’s everyday like this.

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So for me, it’s hot. What
would you rather be wearing?

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Just like, like pants and shirts.

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That’s what I like to wear
but dad says, \"No, you need…

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No way, stop wearing that.\"
What’s your favorite color?

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My favorite color is sky blue.

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[sil.]

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My friends, sometimes I
call them to tell me how…

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if they’re okay, they tell me if I’m okay
too. Yeah, that’s the only way we talk,

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in cell phone.

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[sil.]

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[music]

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There are Todos Santeros living
all over the United States,

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in Sarasota, Detroit, Seattle,

00:35:10.000 --> 00:35:14.999
Oakland, Atlanta, Palm Beach.
(inaudible) daughter works in

00:35:15.000 --> 00:35:19.999
the Guatemalan embassy in Washington DC.
But Todos Santos is not a dying town.

00:35:20.000 --> 00:35:24.999
Many continue their struggle
for a better life right here.

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[sil.]

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Cristina and her husband
Roman have nearly completed

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their part of the hotel.

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Roman and Cristina also have
a house outside the town.

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I came here to Todos
Santos maybe 15 years ago

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working for doctors (inaudible)
for two years. During this time,

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I falled in love with Cristina.

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And I have a luxury life here. A simple
life, which is difficult to do in Europe,

00:36:35.000 --> 00:36:39.999
in Switzerland, where I come from.
But it’s…

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it’s a good life I would say. I can
work a little bit in a corn field,

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sometimes I do hiking, foreigners in the
mountains. I have time to be around the kids.

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I don’t need a car. Anywhere I want to
go, there are public transportation.

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And so that’s really, that’s
a luxury life for me.

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Making money in Todos Santos
is kind of difficult.

00:37:05.000 --> 00:37:09.999
But you also don’t need much money. But the
money I need, I get sometimes from hikes,

00:37:10.000 --> 00:37:14.999
sometime from renting a room,

00:37:15.000 --> 00:37:19.999
and my wife, she works as, that helps
a lot. She works in the store,

00:37:20.000 --> 00:37:24.999
and so together, we can manage it somehow

00:37:25.000 --> 00:37:29.999
that we can get the money we need.
In 15 years in Todos Santos

00:37:30.000 --> 00:37:34.999
actually I’ve seen quite a few changes. I mean, first
of all, the traffic. There is way more traffic.

00:37:35.000 --> 00:37:39.999
And with the traffic comes
the road, a way more road.

00:37:40.000 --> 00:37:44.999
Now wherever you wanna go, you can go by
road, not like before where you had to walk.

00:37:45.000 --> 00:37:49.999
There are now a lot of huge houses
from money coming from the States.

00:37:50.000 --> 00:37:54.999
And beside that, we have still
the traditional small houses

00:37:55.000 --> 00:37:59.999
with two rooms with maybe a
family with 10, 12 people.

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So the difference between rich
and poor raised actually.

00:38:05.000 --> 00:38:09.999
For the children, the life
is a little bit special

00:38:10.000 --> 00:38:14.999
compared to the kids from here because they’re living
two cultures. They have first of all the Mayan culture,

00:38:15.000 --> 00:38:19.999
they speak the Mayan language.
On other side,

00:38:20.000 --> 00:38:24.999
they have for sure has a European culture,
from, from the visitors we get here

00:38:25.000 --> 00:38:29.999
and from me for sure. But where
they want to live later,

00:38:30.000 --> 00:38:34.999
who knows. I mean, to live in
a mountain village somewhere,

00:38:35.000 --> 00:38:39.999
it’s not always something interesting for the
younger generation. But the kids they can be

00:38:40.000 --> 00:38:44.999
live where ever they want, when they get… when
they grow. I guess we as parents should uh…

00:38:45.000 --> 00:38:49.999
try to keep the doors open for them

00:38:50.000 --> 00:38:54.999
and not to try that they have
the same priorities than…

00:38:55.000 --> 00:39:00.000
than we have.

00:41:25.000 --> 00:41:29.999
[sil.]

00:41:30.000 --> 00:41:34.999
Benito is enjoying being a grandfather

00:41:35.000 --> 00:41:40.000
and also changed his kind of work.

00:42:40.000 --> 00:42:44.999
Later, I discovered that
Santiaga was involved

00:42:45.000 --> 00:42:50.000
in even more activities.

00:43:55.000 --> 00:43:59.999
Of all her many activities, I asked
Santiaga which she liked best.

00:44:00.000 --> 00:44:08.000
Speaking of trees,

00:45:50.000 --> 00:45:54.999
I ran into (inaudible) who
is also building in town.

00:45:55.000 --> 00:45:59.999
In 1979, he was working in the
government plant nursery.

00:46:00.000 --> 00:46:04.999
What I do is, I go to the mountains
to gather seeds, prepare the land,

00:46:05.000 --> 00:46:09.999
plant them and care for them.

00:46:10.000 --> 00:46:14.999
I also work with the people to make
terraces, so that they conserve the land,

00:46:15.000 --> 00:46:19.999
the little they have.

00:46:20.000 --> 00:46:24.999
I think migration will continue
always because in the cotton fields,

00:46:25.000 --> 00:46:29.999
they can earn some money. If
people want to plant their corn,

00:46:30.000 --> 00:46:34.999
potatos, other crops, they
have to buy fertilizers.

00:46:35.000 --> 00:46:39.999
So they go to solve some of their problems.

00:46:40.000 --> 00:46:44.999
The people leave.

00:46:45.000 --> 00:46:49.999
I went to visit him the next day at his home in the
valley. After chatting with his wife (inaudible),

00:46:50.000 --> 00:46:55.000
I asked about their grown
children who are professionals.

00:47:10.000 --> 00:47:14.999
Now that he’s elder, Desiderio has hired
someone to help him plant his corn.

00:47:15.000 --> 00:47:23.000
[sil.]

00:47:25.000 --> 00:47:29.999
Desiderio is always busy but I
asked him to show me his garden.

00:47:30.000 --> 00:47:34.999
[sil.]

00:47:35.000 --> 00:47:43.000
It was hard giving up.

00:47:50.000 --> 00:47:55.000
[sil.]

00:49:25.000 --> 00:49:29.999
When Desiderio finally sat down,
I asked him a basic question,

00:49:30.000 --> 00:49:34.999
what he thought about the continuing
migration out of the village.

00:49:35.000 --> 00:49:39.999
Since people want to live better
they must look for better work

00:49:40.000 --> 00:49:44.999
there is or there isn’t but at least
they must go and look in these places.

00:49:45.000 --> 00:49:49.999
That’s what’s happening. But
in the future, especially

00:49:50.000 --> 00:49:54.999
the youth with their studies they’re not
going to want to work with a hoe as I do

00:49:55.000 --> 00:49:59.999
like their fathers like
the older people, right?

00:50:00.000 --> 00:50:04.999
So these people, when they’ve studied,
some have gone to university,

00:50:05.000 --> 00:50:09.999
if they find work here, good if
not, they have to look elsewhere.

00:50:10.000 --> 00:50:14.999
That’s what I think.
Every human being wants

00:50:15.000 --> 00:50:19.999
better things for himself, right?
And for his family, too.

00:50:20.000 --> 00:50:24.999
That’s what I think. That’s it.

00:50:25.000 --> 00:50:29.999
[sil.]

00:50:30.000 --> 00:50:35.000
[music]

00:50:45.000 --> 00:50:50.000
[music]