WEBVTT

00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:34.620


00:00:34.620 --> 00:00:35.932
[SPEAKING GERMAN]

00:00:35.932 --> 00:02:35.010


00:02:35.010 --> 00:02:38.850
[PHONE RINGING]

00:02:38.850 --> 00:02:40.250
[SPEAKING FOREIGN LANGUAGE]

00:02:40.250 --> 00:02:50.320


00:02:50.320 --> 00:02:54.880
In many countries, Filipinos are
much preferred than other

00:02:54.880 --> 00:02:55.820
domestics--

00:02:55.820 --> 00:02:58.150
in European countries,
especially.

00:02:58.150 --> 00:03:00.710
And there are certain
stereotypes attached to

00:03:00.710 --> 00:03:05.100
Filipinos, and one is they're
God fearing, because they're

00:03:05.100 --> 00:03:07.490
Catholic, so they're
less likely to

00:03:07.490 --> 00:03:08.740
steal inside your house.

00:03:08.740 --> 00:03:13.800


00:03:13.800 --> 00:03:15.790
They can be trusted more with
your children, because they're

00:03:15.790 --> 00:03:21.450
educated, and so they're
skilled, and they're clean,

00:03:21.450 --> 00:03:23.820
and their obedient.

00:03:23.820 --> 00:03:26.350
They're the employees that you
could trust the most in such

00:03:26.350 --> 00:03:29.150
an intimate space, which is the
household, and you leave

00:03:29.150 --> 00:03:29.620
your children.

00:03:29.620 --> 00:03:32.640
You trust them so much with your
children, who you leave

00:03:32.640 --> 00:03:34.610
with these women at least
eight hours a

00:03:34.610 --> 00:03:35.860
day when you work.

00:03:35.860 --> 00:03:39.030


00:03:39.030 --> 00:03:40.220
They're very proud that they're

00:03:40.220 --> 00:03:43.140
preferred by employers.

00:03:43.140 --> 00:03:45.940
Like, many of them told
me, we're the

00:03:45.940 --> 00:03:48.462
Mercedes Benz of domestics.

00:03:48.462 --> 00:03:53.630
It's like a luxury vehicle, so
only those who can afford them

00:03:53.630 --> 00:03:54.880
can hire them.

00:03:54.880 --> 00:03:57.510


00:03:57.510 --> 00:03:58.760
[SPEAKING GERMAN]

00:03:58.760 --> 00:05:23.300


00:05:23.300 --> 00:05:27.840
Care chain basically is a
reality that we have now in

00:05:27.840 --> 00:05:31.750
globalization, in which there's
a chain that connects

00:05:31.750 --> 00:05:36.880
different groups of women, that
they pass the care that

00:05:36.880 --> 00:05:41.430
they're responsible for to
a less privileged woman.

00:05:41.430 --> 00:05:47.450
So you have a woman who is in
the formal labor market

00:05:47.450 --> 00:05:52.290
working as an architect or a
teacher in a post-industrial

00:05:52.290 --> 00:05:56.230
country, and because she's
outside in the labor force,

00:05:56.230 --> 00:05:59.500
she doesn't have time to provide
care for her family,

00:05:59.500 --> 00:06:03.310
so she hires a domestic worker
to do the care for her family.

00:06:03.310 --> 00:06:07.920
And then this domestic worker
oftentimes these days are

00:06:07.920 --> 00:06:10.670
immigrant women, because
they're affordable.

00:06:10.670 --> 00:06:17.480
We have about eight million
Filipinos, either as

00:06:17.480 --> 00:06:21.730
immigrants, which would be about
3 or 4 million, or as

00:06:21.730 --> 00:06:24.360
migrant workers, meaning
they come in and out.

00:06:24.360 --> 00:06:27.770
So that's 8 million.

00:06:27.770 --> 00:06:30.480
We're not doing a census,
but we're estimating our

00:06:30.480 --> 00:06:34.450
population at between
77 to 80 million.

00:06:34.450 --> 00:06:36.666
So that's a full tenth
of the population.

00:06:36.666 --> 00:06:57.940


00:06:57.940 --> 00:07:00.710
Well, the rough figure is
that 2/3 of our migrant

00:07:00.710 --> 00:07:03.100
labor force are women.

00:07:03.100 --> 00:07:06.600
So there's increasing
feminization of the migrant

00:07:06.600 --> 00:07:08.450
labor force.

00:07:08.450 --> 00:07:14.310
And the reason is, apart from
the skills category, which

00:07:14.310 --> 00:07:18.180
tends to be evenly distributed,
is the demand for

00:07:18.180 --> 00:07:19.430
domestic help.

00:07:19.430 --> 00:07:27.950


00:07:27.950 --> 00:07:30.940
Most of the time, it's assumed
that women are immigrating to

00:07:30.940 --> 00:07:34.820
follow their husbands or to
reunite a family, mostly.

00:07:34.820 --> 00:07:38.140
But most people are not
looking at women as

00:07:38.140 --> 00:07:40.860
independent labor migrants
themselves.

00:07:40.860 --> 00:07:42.520
And looking at the Philippines,
it's very

00:07:42.520 --> 00:07:45.990
different than other immigration
sending countries,

00:07:45.990 --> 00:07:49.890
because it's women and men
leaving in two different

00:07:49.890 --> 00:07:53.630
flows, versus in other
countries, men and women go to

00:07:53.630 --> 00:07:55.560
the same destination.

00:07:55.560 --> 00:08:00.100
And oftentimes, women, even if
they work in the receiving

00:08:00.100 --> 00:08:04.120
country, they had followed
their husbands first.

00:08:04.120 --> 00:08:06.690
But in the case of the
Philippines, it's women

00:08:06.690 --> 00:08:08.095
leaving without their
husbands.

00:08:08.095 --> 00:08:22.460


00:08:22.460 --> 00:08:26.720
Surveys show they're mostly
not mothers--

00:08:26.720 --> 00:08:29.710
that they're mostly single
women, good daughters,

00:08:29.710 --> 00:08:32.320
providing for their
elderly parents.

00:08:32.320 --> 00:08:36.110
But I have doubts about it,
because in my own research, I

00:08:36.110 --> 00:08:39.480
stumbled upon the fact that 70%
of the women I interviewed

00:08:39.480 --> 00:08:41.240
in Rome were mothers.

00:08:41.240 --> 00:08:45.460
And then also, if you look at
the life cycle in a family,

00:08:45.460 --> 00:08:48.610
the financial needs of the
family increase when children

00:08:48.610 --> 00:08:50.270
are school age.

00:08:50.270 --> 00:09:11.800


00:09:11.800 --> 00:09:13.050
[SPEAKING FOREIGN LANGUAGE]

00:09:13.050 --> 00:10:25.590


00:10:25.590 --> 00:10:32.370
We now estimate that about $8
billion US is remitted by our

00:10:32.370 --> 00:10:42.200
migrant labor force, so that
in terms of net value

00:10:42.200 --> 00:10:48.185
transfer, it is our largest
foreign exchange source.

00:10:48.185 --> 00:10:52.040


00:10:52.040 --> 00:10:57.180
We used to scrape our raw
materials until they run out,

00:10:57.180 --> 00:11:03.520
and now, especially after the
debt crisis of the '80s, we

00:11:03.520 --> 00:11:08.850
now rely mainly on the
remittances for the dollars,

00:11:08.850 --> 00:11:10.955
especially given the
present context.

00:11:10.955 --> 00:11:14.530
After the Asian crisis,
tourism has gone down.

00:11:14.530 --> 00:11:18.760
And now, with political turmoil,
tourism is zero.

00:11:18.760 --> 00:11:21.125
That was the traditional source
of foreign exchange.

00:11:21.125 --> 00:11:23.780


00:11:23.780 --> 00:11:25.870
Why are you leaving?

00:11:25.870 --> 00:11:29.456
Basically it points out to
just one specific answer.

00:11:29.456 --> 00:11:32.858
You're leaving because
of this.

00:11:32.858 --> 00:11:34.316
Yes or no?

00:11:34.316 --> 00:11:34.802
Yes.

00:11:34.802 --> 00:11:36.760
[SPEAKING FOREIGN LANGUAGE]

00:11:36.760 --> 00:11:43.968


00:11:43.968 --> 00:11:46.944
So this is all you're going
there for, all right?

00:11:46.944 --> 00:11:49.440
OK, now, since this is the
topic, let me just tell you

00:11:49.440 --> 00:11:51.110
something first.

00:11:51.110 --> 00:11:56.890
Well, my experience as an OFW
for 20 years abroad, I have

00:11:56.890 --> 00:12:00.110
learned that financial
management, really, apart from

00:12:00.110 --> 00:12:04.060
it being a process, it is also
a way of life for us.

00:12:04.060 --> 00:12:06.570
And that is how I would want to
discuss these things with

00:12:06.570 --> 00:12:08.350
you-- as a way of life.

00:12:08.350 --> 00:12:11.083
But before we go deeper
there, tell me--

00:12:11.083 --> 00:12:12.400
[SPEAKING FOREIGN LANGUAGE]

00:12:12.400 --> 00:12:18.970


00:12:18.970 --> 00:12:19.890
You know what?

00:12:19.890 --> 00:12:23.146
Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Europe
are beautiful places, but

00:12:23.146 --> 00:12:26.352
homesickness will definitely
set in.

00:12:26.352 --> 00:12:29.190
And when that happens-- when
homesickness sets in,

00:12:29.190 --> 00:12:33.575
obviously, we look for
friends, don't we?

00:12:33.575 --> 00:12:34.545
But you know what?

00:12:34.545 --> 00:12:36.970
Homesickness has a [INAUDIBLE]
even worse?

00:12:36.970 --> 00:12:38.090
A brother.

00:12:38.090 --> 00:12:40.390
You know what that brother
of homesickness is?

00:12:40.390 --> 00:12:41.850
I call it homesexness.

00:12:41.850 --> 00:12:44.840


00:12:44.840 --> 00:12:47.290
When you're used to being
embraced and kissed by your

00:12:47.290 --> 00:12:49.000
[? Brunos, ?]

00:12:49.000 --> 00:12:51.560
then suddenly, you go to that
place and nobody else is there

00:12:51.560 --> 00:12:53.446
with you, right next to you.

00:12:53.446 --> 00:12:55.811
There's an empty bed.

00:12:55.811 --> 00:12:57.703
What happens?

00:12:57.703 --> 00:12:59.130
Temptation sets in.

00:12:59.130 --> 00:12:59.980
Right!

00:12:59.980 --> 00:13:03.810
And with that loneliness and
homesexness, well, there are a

00:13:03.810 --> 00:13:06.740
lot of pogies in those
countries, you know?

00:13:06.740 --> 00:13:10.706
So you get tempted into
a relationship, right?

00:13:10.706 --> 00:13:11.620
Yeah.

00:13:11.620 --> 00:13:13.610
OK, so that is a problem.

00:13:13.610 --> 00:13:15.870
Now, any other problems
that you know?

00:13:15.870 --> 00:13:20.900
As OFWs, our leaders have given
us a title, don't we?

00:13:20.900 --> 00:13:23.000
But when we come back home,
they call us what?

00:13:23.000 --> 00:13:23.800
New what?

00:13:23.800 --> 00:13:26.570
[TAGALOG]

00:13:26.570 --> 00:13:27.360
Heroes!

00:13:27.360 --> 00:13:28.205
Militar.

00:13:28.205 --> 00:13:29.010
Militar.

00:13:29.010 --> 00:13:31.560
Soldiers, like [INAUDIBLE],
don't you think?

00:13:31.560 --> 00:13:35.020
Because every time we ride in
that airplane, literally, it's

00:13:35.020 --> 00:13:37.870
just like the soldiers going
into battle [INAUDIBLE].

00:13:37.870 --> 00:13:40.870


00:13:40.870 --> 00:13:42.230
You don't know if the employers
you're going to meet

00:13:42.230 --> 00:13:43.380
are good or bad.

00:13:43.380 --> 00:13:46.440
You don't know if they will
love you or kill you.

00:13:46.440 --> 00:13:48.895
Yeah.

00:13:48.895 --> 00:13:49.877
That is a problem.

00:13:49.877 --> 00:13:51.841
OK, anything else?

00:13:51.841 --> 00:13:53.805
What is the number
one problem?

00:13:53.805 --> 00:13:54.296
No, no, no.

00:13:54.296 --> 00:13:54.787
The case.

00:13:54.787 --> 00:13:55.278
The cases.

00:13:55.278 --> 00:13:55.769
Rape.

00:13:55.769 --> 00:13:57.733
Rape.

00:13:57.733 --> 00:14:01.240
[INAUDIBLE] number one, almost
everybody gets raped.

00:14:01.240 --> 00:14:04.110
But why is it that we women
don't seem to take

00:14:04.110 --> 00:14:06.080
any notice of it?

00:14:06.080 --> 00:14:08.390
Why did I say we don't seem
to take any notice of it?

00:14:08.390 --> 00:14:09.710
Because every day--

00:14:09.710 --> 00:14:11.062
[SPEAKING FOREIGN LANGUAGE]

00:14:11.062 --> 00:14:15.190


00:14:15.190 --> 00:14:16.678
Look at this session.

00:14:16.678 --> 00:14:21.640
You're so few today, but is
there any single man around

00:14:21.640 --> 00:14:22.454
here to go out?

00:14:22.454 --> 00:14:22.861
No.

00:14:22.861 --> 00:14:24.170
All the women.

00:14:24.170 --> 00:14:24.890
And look at this session.

00:14:24.890 --> 00:14:26.882
Oh, mother, it's a living
[INAUDIBLE].

00:14:26.882 --> 00:14:30.370


00:14:30.370 --> 00:14:31.390
But what made you lucky?

00:14:31.390 --> 00:14:36.984
Because you're the first few
people being sent by the Lord

00:14:36.984 --> 00:14:40.358
abroad to have this opportunity
to earn this and

00:14:40.358 --> 00:14:42.768
to achieve all the things that
you might have listed there,

00:14:42.768 --> 00:14:45.660
because He loves you.

00:14:45.660 --> 00:14:47.091
Aren't you blessed?

00:14:47.091 --> 00:14:50.390


00:14:50.390 --> 00:14:54.080
Well, I hate to tell you, the
fact is, they are an export

00:14:54.080 --> 00:14:57.430
product, of course.

00:14:57.430 --> 00:15:02.158
And for the moment, we have a
competitive export product.

00:15:02.158 --> 00:15:03.090
The Lord does not have
[INAUDIBLE].

00:15:03.090 --> 00:15:07.070
There is that human cooperation
that we have to do

00:15:07.070 --> 00:15:09.440
in line with the blessings
of the Lord.

00:15:09.440 --> 00:15:12.700
They're behaving rationally.

00:15:12.700 --> 00:15:16.540
They're behaving according to
economic rationality, and it's

00:15:16.540 --> 00:15:21.910
very hard to get them away from
economic rationality.

00:15:21.910 --> 00:15:25.750
For instance, even if we
estimate $8 million in

00:15:25.750 --> 00:15:28.870
remittance income,
only $4 billion

00:15:28.870 --> 00:15:30.734
passes through the banks.

00:15:30.734 --> 00:15:41.120


00:15:41.120 --> 00:15:44.690
[SPEAKING FOREIGN LANGUAGE]

00:15:44.690 --> 00:15:50.230
They want a maximum return in
the exchange transaction with

00:15:50.230 --> 00:15:52.110
the money they work
very hard for.

00:15:52.110 --> 00:15:56.340


00:15:56.340 --> 00:15:58.220
[SPEAKING FOREIGN LANGUAGE]

00:15:58.220 --> 00:16:09.260


00:16:09.260 --> 00:16:16.380
1, 2, 15, 10, 5, 1, 1, 1.

00:16:16.380 --> 00:16:20.110
Well, the fear now is that
migrant labor remittance is

00:16:20.110 --> 00:16:23.850
not being exchanged for dollars,
because of the highly

00:16:23.850 --> 00:16:26.210
speculative nature of
the exchange rate.

00:16:26.210 --> 00:16:27.495
We are in political crisis.

00:16:27.495 --> 00:16:30.090
We are in the middle of
a political crisis.

00:16:30.090 --> 00:16:34.420
We don't know where the peso
will end up, finally.

00:16:34.420 --> 00:16:37.930
And so the tendency is for
people to speculate against

00:16:37.930 --> 00:16:39.960
the peso, and hold onto
their dollars.

00:16:39.960 --> 00:16:49.220


00:16:49.220 --> 00:16:52.200
Well, the fact that for the
last two decades, we've

00:16:52.200 --> 00:16:55.380
depended on remittances. .

00:16:55.380 --> 00:17:00.380
The least that government can
do is to recognize them as

00:17:00.380 --> 00:17:01.940
heroes of the economy.

00:17:01.940 --> 00:17:05.970
Of course, we have these
little token rituals to

00:17:05.970 --> 00:17:09.790
celebrate the migrant worker
as the new hero of the

00:17:09.790 --> 00:17:14.170
economy, mainly because when
everything was down, the only

00:17:14.170 --> 00:17:18.486
money that was moving was
migrant worker money.

00:17:18.486 --> 00:17:21.198
What are these rituals?

00:17:21.198 --> 00:17:24.510
Well, at Christmastime, we
usually have a deluge of

00:17:24.510 --> 00:17:27.420
people flying in.

00:17:27.420 --> 00:17:34.710
And you have cash rewards for
the 100,000 OCW comes in.

00:17:34.710 --> 00:17:38.310
The president welcomes
them at the airport.

00:17:38.310 --> 00:17:43.570
You get citations for exemplary
workers who have

00:17:43.570 --> 00:17:45.075
distinguished themselves,
whatever.

00:17:45.075 --> 00:17:48.790
So you have all sorts
of what I would

00:17:48.790 --> 00:17:50.160
consider patronizing rituals.

00:17:50.160 --> 00:17:53.910


00:17:53.910 --> 00:17:57.270
It does not address the problem,
but it gives some

00:17:57.270 --> 00:18:00.160
soothing effect on the pain.

00:18:00.160 --> 00:18:03.520


00:18:03.520 --> 00:18:07.210
Mind you, women, the
heart costs a

00:18:07.210 --> 00:18:09.922
hell of a lot of money.

00:18:09.922 --> 00:18:11.172
[SPEAKING FOREIGN LANGUAGE]

00:18:11.172 --> 00:18:16.480


00:18:16.480 --> 00:18:23.100
All of you are leaving as
professional service givers.

00:18:23.100 --> 00:18:25.330
You're not only professional
service givers.

00:18:25.330 --> 00:18:26.580
You're also export quality.

00:18:26.580 --> 00:18:29.390


00:18:29.390 --> 00:18:29.885
Why?

00:18:29.885 --> 00:18:31.865
Are you surprised?

00:18:31.865 --> 00:18:36.320
You are being taken from the
Philippines to that country.

00:18:36.320 --> 00:18:37.310
Is that not exportation?

00:18:37.310 --> 00:18:37.805
Yes.

00:18:37.805 --> 00:18:38.310
Yeah.

00:18:38.310 --> 00:18:39.636
You're export quality!

00:18:39.636 --> 00:18:41.545
You are also managers!

00:18:41.545 --> 00:18:44.020
Did you know that?

00:18:44.020 --> 00:18:44.520
Yes!

00:18:44.520 --> 00:18:47.140
Home manager [INAUDIBLE]!

00:18:47.140 --> 00:18:49.020
Don't you think?

00:18:49.020 --> 00:18:51.780
But being a home manager
requires balance and skill to

00:18:51.780 --> 00:18:54.730
manage the household.

00:18:54.730 --> 00:18:55.710
Remember?

00:18:55.710 --> 00:18:58.860
So that is something.

00:18:58.860 --> 00:19:01.820
You're not only professional
home managers.

00:19:01.820 --> 00:19:04.540
You're not only export
quality.

00:19:04.540 --> 00:19:08.659
You're also ambassadors of the
Republic of the Philippines.

00:19:08.659 --> 00:19:10.150
You know that?

00:19:10.150 --> 00:19:12.220
Don't you think you are that?

00:19:12.220 --> 00:19:13.460
Yeah.

00:19:13.460 --> 00:19:20.240
So, again, we have seen a
weakness, and the weakness is

00:19:20.240 --> 00:19:20.880
forgetting.

00:19:20.880 --> 00:19:21.510
Forgetting.

00:19:21.510 --> 00:19:22.983
So go back to your mindset!

00:19:22.983 --> 00:19:25.821
Every moment that somebody asks
you, why are you leaving,

00:19:25.821 --> 00:19:27.352
you stick with that
95,000 pesos.

00:19:27.352 --> 00:19:28.930
I'm going because
of 95,000 pesos.

00:19:28.930 --> 00:19:31.210
I'm leaving my children because
of 95,000 pesos.

00:19:31.210 --> 00:19:33.195
I'm leaving you, my
darling husband,

00:19:33.195 --> 00:19:35.525
because of 95,000 pesos.

00:19:35.525 --> 00:19:37.110
Don't let it out of your mind.

00:19:37.110 --> 00:19:39.792
When you get to that country
where you're going, keep that

00:19:39.792 --> 00:19:40.760
in your mind.

00:19:40.760 --> 00:19:42.320
Every morning, day
in, day out.

00:19:42.320 --> 00:19:45.090
By the end of the day, my god,
your back is aching.

00:19:45.090 --> 00:19:50.250
You [INAUDIBLE] and you say,
95,000 [INAUDIBLE].

00:19:50.250 --> 00:19:52.550
Whatever the feeling,
don't forget.

00:19:52.550 --> 00:19:54.275
Don't let it out of your mind.

00:19:54.275 --> 00:19:57.174
Because the moment, the more you
have pains and aches, the

00:19:57.174 --> 00:19:59.860
more you will appreciate the
hardship that you're earning

00:19:59.860 --> 00:20:00.840
for that money!

00:20:00.840 --> 00:20:05.290
So you will be stronger in what
you want for yourself.

00:20:05.290 --> 00:20:06.540
All right?

00:20:06.540 --> 00:20:22.250


00:20:22.250 --> 00:20:23.500
[SPEAKING FOREIGN LANGUAGE]

00:20:23.500 --> 00:21:43.020


00:21:43.020 --> 00:21:49.610
It's to their vested interest
that migrants don't feel that

00:21:49.610 --> 00:21:53.670
this receiving country
is ever home.

00:21:53.670 --> 00:21:57.140
So in terms of a classic picture
of immigration, which

00:21:57.140 --> 00:22:00.340
is, you go there, you settle,
you stay there forever, that

00:22:00.340 --> 00:22:04.940
really goes against the grain of
what the Philippines wants.

00:22:04.940 --> 00:22:08.660
They want these workers to be
temporary workers, because

00:22:08.660 --> 00:22:13.700
once the women start looking
at themselves as permanent

00:22:13.700 --> 00:22:17.790
settlers, then they would have
their whole family with them.

00:22:17.790 --> 00:22:20.090
So then they would never
remit again.

00:22:20.090 --> 00:22:23.960
So it's to the vested interest
of the Philippines that women

00:22:23.960 --> 00:22:26.770
maintain transnational
families.

00:22:26.770 --> 00:22:29.920
And it's in their vested
interest that the children

00:22:29.920 --> 00:22:33.630
stay behind or are left behind
by the mothers and

00:22:33.630 --> 00:22:36.770
the fathers who leave.

00:22:36.770 --> 00:22:38.390
Otherwise, they would have
no source of income.

00:22:38.390 --> 00:23:08.530


00:23:08.530 --> 00:23:09.900
[SPEAKING FOREIGN LANGUAGE]

00:23:09.900 --> 00:24:58.180


00:24:58.180 --> 00:25:00.050
[SPEAKING FOREIGN LANGUAGE]

00:25:00.050 --> 00:25:54.340


00:25:54.340 --> 00:25:57.740
They actually really develop
strong emotional bonds for the

00:25:57.740 --> 00:26:01.230
children and the elderly that
they care for as domestics.

00:26:01.230 --> 00:26:03.730


00:26:03.730 --> 00:26:06.320
And so then the employer
actually, you can say, gets

00:26:06.320 --> 00:26:10.200
the added labor of emotional
care for the children, and

00:26:10.200 --> 00:26:13.062
that's often not recognized.

00:26:13.062 --> 00:26:14.110
So for free?

00:26:14.110 --> 00:26:15.670
For free.

00:26:15.670 --> 00:26:16.060
Yeah.

00:26:16.060 --> 00:26:21.670
And what happens with this
emotional labor is it's a way

00:26:21.670 --> 00:26:25.860
they also displace their love,
because then they love their

00:26:25.860 --> 00:26:29.510
children so much, which is the
reason why they leave their

00:26:29.510 --> 00:26:31.730
children behind is for the
love of their children,

00:26:31.730 --> 00:26:33.910
because they want to provide
for their children.

00:26:33.910 --> 00:26:36.220
So because then they can't take
care of their children,

00:26:36.220 --> 00:26:40.190
so what they often do
is they pour love.

00:26:40.190 --> 00:26:43.350
They pour love to the
employing family.

00:26:43.350 --> 00:26:47.300
So the family of the employer
actually benefits from the

00:26:47.300 --> 00:26:50.471
separation of the domestic
from her own family.

00:26:50.471 --> 00:27:09.930
[BABY TALK]

00:27:09.930 --> 00:27:11.180
[SPEAKING FOREIGN LANGUAGE]

00:27:11.180 --> 00:29:27.333


00:29:27.333 --> 00:29:28.583
[SPEAKING ITALIAN]

00:29:28.583 --> 00:29:49.426


00:29:49.426 --> 00:29:50.676
This is [INAUDIBLE].

00:29:50.676 --> 00:29:55.650


00:29:55.650 --> 00:29:56.900
[SPEAKING ITALIAN]

00:29:56.900 --> 00:31:10.670


00:31:10.670 --> 00:31:11.080
Bye.

00:31:11.080 --> 00:31:11.570
Ciao.

00:31:11.570 --> 00:31:12.544
OK, ciao.

00:31:12.544 --> 00:31:15.470
[INAUDIBLE].

00:31:15.470 --> 00:31:17.010
[SPEAKING FOREIGN LANGUAGE]

00:31:17.010 --> 00:32:33.047


00:32:33.047 --> 00:32:34.297
[SPEAKING FOREIGN LANGUAGE]

00:32:34.297 --> 00:32:40.077


00:32:40.077 --> 00:32:42.065
Yes.

00:32:42.065 --> 00:32:43.315
OK.

00:32:43.315 --> 00:32:45.550


00:32:45.550 --> 00:32:46.800
[SPEAKING GERMAN]

00:32:46.800 --> 00:33:19.472


00:33:19.472 --> 00:33:21.240
[SPEAKING FOREIGN LANGUAGE]

00:33:21.240 --> 00:33:25.580


00:33:25.580 --> 00:33:27.050
No.

00:33:27.050 --> 00:33:29.010
Yeah.

00:33:29.010 --> 00:33:30.600
No!

00:33:30.600 --> 00:33:32.350
[SPEAKING FOREIGN LANGUAGE]

00:33:32.350 --> 00:33:33.240
No.

00:33:33.240 --> 00:33:35.910
Yeah.

00:33:35.910 --> 00:33:37.160
[SPEAKING GERMAN]

00:33:37.160 --> 00:33:59.370


00:33:59.370 --> 00:34:02.620
I started looking at the
issue of the care chain

00:34:02.620 --> 00:34:03.560
accidentally.

00:34:03.560 --> 00:34:08.610
I stumbled upon it as I was
doing field research.

00:34:08.610 --> 00:34:13.520
So when I found most of the
women I interviewed were

00:34:13.520 --> 00:34:16.340
mothers, of course I had to ask
them all, who takes care

00:34:16.340 --> 00:34:17.639
of your children?

00:34:17.639 --> 00:34:20.409
And then many-- not all of them,
but many of them said,

00:34:20.409 --> 00:34:21.900
oh, I hire a domestic worker.

00:34:21.900 --> 00:34:23.810
It's very cheap.

00:34:23.810 --> 00:34:25.199
It's only 1,000 pesos.

00:34:25.199 --> 00:34:27.100
I can easily afford that.

00:34:27.100 --> 00:34:31.610
So I was just flabbergasted.

00:34:31.610 --> 00:34:36.670
Just the thought that this woman
who works as a domestic

00:34:36.670 --> 00:34:38.790
had hired her own domestic
worker as

00:34:38.790 --> 00:34:40.040
well at the same time.

00:34:40.040 --> 00:35:00.340


00:35:00.340 --> 00:35:01.590
[SPEAKING FOREIGN LANGUAGE]

00:35:01.590 --> 00:38:38.240


00:38:38.240 --> 00:38:40.370
I've done interviews with
children in the Philippines,

00:38:40.370 --> 00:38:43.725
and I ask them, so, how does
your migrant parent show their

00:38:43.725 --> 00:38:45.050
love to you?

00:38:45.050 --> 00:38:48.150
Oh, see this watch?

00:38:48.150 --> 00:38:49.430
That's how they showed
it to me.

00:38:49.430 --> 00:38:51.370
It was amazing.

00:38:51.370 --> 00:38:55.090
So the children also recognize
that it's the commodities--

00:38:55.090 --> 00:38:57.560
the continued flow
of commodities--

00:38:57.560 --> 00:39:03.060
is what ensures them that their
parents still love them

00:39:03.060 --> 00:39:04.310
despite the distance.

00:39:04.310 --> 00:39:18.080


00:39:18.080 --> 00:39:24.640
I think in globalization, we
have increasingly relied on

00:39:24.640 --> 00:39:29.210
this monetary system we have
now, and this monetary system

00:39:29.210 --> 00:39:35.980
has seeped into our families
in the most intimate way.

00:39:35.980 --> 00:39:40.000
And to be able to do anything
from have a good educational

00:39:40.000 --> 00:39:42.850
vacation abroad,
you need money.

00:39:42.850 --> 00:39:45.935
You need money to do anything to
provide for your children.

00:39:45.935 --> 00:39:48.490
So that means you have to work
outside the home, in many

00:39:48.490 --> 00:39:52.190
cases, unless you're incredibly
privileged.

00:39:52.190 --> 00:39:58.150
So you then have to commodify
a mother.

00:39:58.150 --> 00:39:59.740
You have to pay someone else--

00:39:59.740 --> 00:40:04.025
a less paid worker-- to do it
for you, to provide your child

00:40:04.025 --> 00:40:07.184
with the best opportunities
this world has to offer.

00:40:07.184 --> 00:40:39.489


00:40:39.489 --> 00:40:43.250
At the end of the care chain,
if you start with the

00:40:43.250 --> 00:40:48.430
beginning of the care chain as
the most privileged woman who

00:40:48.430 --> 00:40:57.300
can afford to hire a domestic
worker, it ends with the

00:40:57.300 --> 00:41:01.936
individuals in the third world
with the least resources in

00:41:01.936 --> 00:41:04.590
our globalized economy.

00:41:04.590 --> 00:41:07.770
So you can say they're
the fourth world.

00:41:07.770 --> 00:41:11.730
So in the developing third
world nation, it's the

00:41:11.730 --> 00:41:14.950
individuals with a little bit
of privilege who can leave.

00:41:14.950 --> 00:41:19.050
So those who stay behind to take
care of their children

00:41:19.050 --> 00:41:22.234
are the ones with no
resources at all.

00:41:22.234 --> 00:41:53.230


00:41:53.230 --> 00:41:54.480
[SPEAKING FOREIGN LANGUAGE]

00:41:54.480 --> 00:43:35.740


00:43:35.740 --> 00:43:39.600
It's into the interest of the
states involved, from the

00:43:39.600 --> 00:43:44.020
receiving state to the
sending state.

00:43:44.020 --> 00:43:46.960
It's really kind of ironic,
because they want the labor of

00:43:46.960 --> 00:43:50.190
these women, so they need the
labor of these women so that

00:43:50.190 --> 00:43:53.710
the economy can sustain
itself.

00:43:53.710 --> 00:43:58.130
But like any citizen, if you
recognize their labor, then

00:43:58.130 --> 00:44:00.560
you provide them with
welfare benefits.

00:44:00.560 --> 00:44:03.960
You help pay for their
reproduction costs.

00:44:03.960 --> 00:44:06.870
So what they want is they want
the labor of these women

00:44:06.870 --> 00:44:12.470
without the added cost or burden
of their reproduction

00:44:12.470 --> 00:44:13.800
for the state.

00:44:13.800 --> 00:44:18.340
So what happens is, when these
women are older, they're going

00:44:18.340 --> 00:44:20.410
to be shipped back to
the Philippines.

00:44:20.410 --> 00:44:23.980
So now these older children of
these women are going to

00:44:23.980 --> 00:44:26.670
replace these mothers, and then
they're going to be the

00:44:26.670 --> 00:44:29.280
ones working as domestic workers
20 years from now, 10

00:44:29.280 --> 00:44:33.650
years from now, at no cost
to the receiving country.

00:44:33.650 --> 00:44:38.130
But then the receiving country
is able to grow even more.

00:44:38.130 --> 00:44:40.920
So you can see, yes, the
receiving nation is

00:44:40.920 --> 00:44:43.600
benefiting, and yes, the sending
nation is benefiting.

00:44:43.600 --> 00:44:46.220
But if you have to put it in a
hierarchy who's benefiting

00:44:46.220 --> 00:44:49.300
more, it's definitely the
receiving country, because

00:44:49.300 --> 00:44:51.700
they're just getting the labor
of these women at no cost to

00:44:51.700 --> 00:44:53.820
them whatsoever.

00:44:53.820 --> 00:44:55.468
[SPEAKING FOREIGN LANGUAGE]

00:44:55.468 --> 00:45:04.518


00:45:04.518 --> 00:45:05.768
[SPEAKING ITALIAN]

00:45:05.768 --> 00:45:44.395


00:45:44.395 --> 00:45:46.020
[SPEAKING FOREIGN LANGUAGE]

00:45:46.020 --> 00:45:50.660


00:45:50.660 --> 00:45:51.910
[SPEAKING ITALIAN]

00:45:51.910 --> 00:46:03.730


00:46:03.730 --> 00:46:07.320
You can call migrant labor
globalization.

00:46:07.320 --> 00:46:12.740
But it's not the result of
either a conscious policy of

00:46:12.740 --> 00:46:16.510
attraction by metropolitan
economies, or a policy of

00:46:16.510 --> 00:46:18.340
exportation by us.

00:46:18.340 --> 00:46:21.730
It's just the disparity in
wages reflected in the

00:46:21.730 --> 00:46:22.980
movement of populations.

00:46:22.980 --> 00:46:25.650


00:46:25.650 --> 00:46:29.950
And the way we can cure this,
finally, is to build an

00:46:29.950 --> 00:46:32.720
economy that's on par with the
rest of the world, meaning we

00:46:32.720 --> 00:46:38.020
need to globalize quickly
enough so that our value

00:46:38.020 --> 00:46:40.490
added, our productive
efficiency, and eventually,

00:46:40.490 --> 00:46:44.140
our wages would be competitive,
and that we

00:46:44.140 --> 00:46:46.790
multiply opportunities
in our economy.

00:46:46.790 --> 00:46:49.590
But as long as we don't have
opportunities in our economy,

00:46:49.590 --> 00:46:53.990
for as long as we don't import
jobs, then we are condemned to

00:46:53.990 --> 00:46:55.240
exporting our people.

00:46:55.240 --> 00:47:06.019


00:47:06.019 --> 00:47:07.269
[SPEAKING GERMAN]

00:47:07.269 --> 00:47:56.995


00:47:56.995 --> 00:47:58.315
Oh, there you go.

00:47:58.315 --> 00:48:00.740
[INAUDIBLE].

00:48:00.740 --> 00:48:02.340
[SPEAKING FOREIGN LANGUAGE]

00:48:02.340 --> 00:48:28.330


00:48:28.330 --> 00:49:24.650
[MUSIC PLAYING]

00:49:24.650 --> 00:49:25.940
[SPEAKING GERMAN]

00:49:25.940 --> 00:50:04.872