WEBVTT

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(birds chirping)

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♪

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There was a time not so
long ago when our country

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was a beacon of hope
for the world.

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We had embarked on a journey to
build a just and caring society.

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\"No more racism,\" we said.

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\"No more inequality.\"

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♪

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This is what our
struggle for liberation

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was all about.

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Wasn\'t it?

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♪

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(cheering)

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In 2013, we lost Nelson Mandela,

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and the African
National Congress

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held a huge memorial service.

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(crowd shouting)

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Every time President Jacob Zuma
appeared on the big screen

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ANC supporters booed.

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(crowd booing)

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Perhaps it was Nelson
Mandela\'s last trick.

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(indistinct remarks)

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In his passing people
were now judging Jacob Zuma

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against the high morals
that Mandela had set.

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(indistinct singing)

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(crowd cheering)

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♪

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2016 is an election year.

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The local elections
look as if they will be

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the most contested
we have ever seen.

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Our trust in the
party of liberation,

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a trust built over decades,

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is slipping away.

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♪

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Are you ready to jump?

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Are you ready to jump?

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Let\'s do this, everyone!

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For the first time in 20 years,

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the ruling African
National Congress

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will have to fight hard
to hold onto power

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in many municipalities.

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(singing in foreign language)

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Is it possible that the
ANC is losing its hold

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on the people\'s hearts?

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♪

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(engine revving)

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(crowd cheering)

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♪

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In these hotly
contested elections,

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how fast you can fill a stadium

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is a test of your popularity.

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Let me introduce you
to Julius Malema.

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Not that long ago, Malema was
a leading member of the ANC

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and a close ally of Jacob Zuma.

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Now he has left and
formed his own party,

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the Economic Freedom Fighters.

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It seems to be the
first real competition

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the ANC has had to face.

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The EFF is young, black,

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and its message of hope
captures the imagination

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of those who have
nothing to lose.

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This is a socialist problem.

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This is a socialist problem

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which is unstoppable.

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This party will
change the lives

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of black people.

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(crowd cheering)

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It ends today.

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You must say to those
who want to oppose

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that if you don\'t
implement our interest

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we are going to take
you out of government.

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♪

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Malema insists the
ANC has lost its way,

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and that now is the
time for something new.

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But can people trust Malema?

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Is he also making promises
he won\'t be able to fulfill?

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♪

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For many years, people
had pinned their hopes

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on one party, the ANC.

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♪

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Where did it all go wrong?

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To find out,
we have to look back.

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♪

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On an occasion such as this,

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we should perhaps start

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from the beginning.

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♪

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So let me begin.

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♪

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(applause)

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♪

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(indistinct remarks)

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Looking back
on those early years,

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we had tremendous confidence

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that we could
build society anew.

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Armed with one of the most
progressive constitutions

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in the world,
the ANC had a plan

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to redistribute
the country\'s wealth

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and lift millions of
people out of poverty.

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♪

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When Mandela came out
of prison he had said

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we\'re gonna nationalize
the banks and the mines,

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and he said that is
the policy of the ANC.

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So from that moment onwards,
there was a lot of lobbying

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by international capital,
the World Bank,

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the International Monetary Fund,

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to get this ANC government
who most people assumed

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were a communist,
socialist government

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to become more like
a capitalist government.

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The signals were there
through Mandela again,

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and that was divorce, July 1992.

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When the old man comes back
and he basically says to us

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at the level of the National
Executive Committee,

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\"Guys, I\'ve been abroad.

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The Soviet Union\'s collapsed.

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To make our mark in
this world, to survive,

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to grow our economy
and make jobs,

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we\'ve gotta understand
the reality of the world.\"

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Communism had fallen
in Eastern Europe,

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and so that huge
ideological prop

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for the ANC had
suddenly vanished.

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And these ideas
of nationalization

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were not going to work,
and that the only way in which

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the South African
economy would work

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is if it adopted more
neoliberal policies.

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♪

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Mandela\'s government
abandoned the plan

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to nationalize sections
of the economy.

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We had our political freedom,
but large-scale

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social reforms were postponed.

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We had some serious
debts to pay,

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inherited from
the apartheid regime,

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and the country\'s
vast wealth remained

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in the hands of a few
white corporations.

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What I don\'t understand
is that the ANC

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was a liberation movement.

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Nelson Mandela was the founder
of Umkhonto we Sizwe.

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These are people who are
prepared to die for their cause,

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but post-1994, 1996 they
just curled up in front

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of international capital,
and they said,

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\"We\'ll accept everything
that you want us to do.\"

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We could\'ve implemented an
expansionary fiscal policy

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with a focus of infrastructure

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to eliminate apartheid backlogs.

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But instead, government soon
introduced privatization,

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and even the limited made
available for the state

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to address inequality
was cut back.

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We were told not to worry.

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When the economy grows,
wealth will trickle down

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and social reforms implemented.

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♪

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But it was Mandela\'s
successor, Thabo Mbeki,

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who would introduce a system
that would stimulate the economy

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while merging the interests
of big business and the party.

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He called this Black
Economic Empowerment.

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What the policy of Black
Economic Empowerment did

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was to increase the cadre

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of well-connected
privileged people,

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but of black hue to actually

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gain access to those
fruits of capitalism.

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But the vast majority of the
people have been left behind.

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What we have in
South Africa in people

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like Cyril Ramaphosa, and
Patrice Motsepe, and others,

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we have what could be identified

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as a comprador bourgeoisie.

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This is a bourgeoisie
that\'s very wealthy,

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but it is not in full
control of their companies

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or the production process.

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They are subservient
to another bourgeoisie.

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Whether it\'s an
international bourgeoisie

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or a bigger bourgeoisie
in their own country and so on.

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And this class of
comprador bourgeoisie

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is linked to the ANC government,

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and it transmits the ambitions

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of big business to become
government policies.

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♪

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By 2003, the economy
was booming.

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The South African Stock Exchange
had never seen better days.

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But the problem was
with over 70 percent

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of all Empowerment deals
going to just a handful

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of black tycoons,
the wealth being created

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was staying at the top and
certainly not trickling down.

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♪

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We had growth, but
the long-promised jobs

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did not materialize.

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To fit the new business model,
government under Thabo Mbeki

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was run more and more
like a private corporation

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with the president
as an all-powerful CEO.

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They were smiling
to the bank, I mean,

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suddenly it became
they with more reasons

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to celebrate democracy
than workers.

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And that was a problem
to us, and that\'s why

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we came to a conclusion that

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the next decade of
democracy must be

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a decade for the
workers and the poor.

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Jacob Zuma had served
as Mbeki\'s deputy

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and in ANC tradition,
if Mbeki were to go,

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he was next in line for the job.

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There was a group
in the movement

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on the left who
thought that Mbeki

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was wrong and had to be removed,

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and that Zuma was the
champion of the left.

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He was very clever about it,
because he encouraged this,

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and he encouraged
the left to think

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that he was their candidate.

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So there was a
build-up behind Zuma.

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But even in those days,
a big question mark

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hung over Zuma\'s integrity.

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In 2005, he was accused
of raping a woman

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called Fezekile
Ntsukela Kuzwayo,

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known as Khwezi, the daughter
of an ANC comrade.

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♪

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The evidence was fairly strong,

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and yet he was
acquitted of rape.

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(cheering)

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They even demonstrated outside
the court in his favor.

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I mean, it was ridiculous.

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The rape trial, for them
to set up a platform

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in the street and defend Zuma.

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These are people like Vavi
and others, you know,

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and defend him
against the courts,

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against, you know,
the judiciary.

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(indistinct chatter)

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♪

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And then there was
more trouble for Zuma

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connected to a huge
international arms deal

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involving Germany and France,

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and his friendship with
businessman Schabir Shaik.

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In return for regular payments,

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it was alleged that Zuma
used his political influence

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to protect Shaik\'s
business interest.

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Shaik was convicted
and sentenced

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to 15 years in prison.

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The only way Zuma was going
to become president of the ANC

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was with the support of powerful
players in the movement,

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players who believed that
because they had empowered Zuma

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would be able to
lead alongside him,

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perhaps even control him.

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♪

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Julius Malema, seen
here cutting the cake

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with Zuma, was one of them.

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♪

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Malema, at the time,
was the president

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of the influential
ANC Youth League.

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(crowd cheering)

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♪

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Anybody else in government

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who think can undermine Zuma

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must know will be removed.

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We\'re prepared to die for him.

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We are prepared to take up arms

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and kill for Zuma.

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Thank you very much.

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The ANC that once symbolized
the struggle against apartheid

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was beginning to sport
leaders that lived

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the lifestyles of
the rich and famous.

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It was hardly surprising that
Malema saw no contradiction

00:16:21.542 --> 00:16:24.500
in speaking up for the poor
while at the same time

00:16:24.500 --> 00:16:29.834
flaunting designer clothes
and driving flashy cars.

00:16:50.542 --> 00:16:52.999
♪

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The Youth League, the trade
unions, and the radicals

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inside the ANC formed a faction
to get rid of Thabo Mbeki

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and his conservative
economic policies.

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♪

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(crowd booing)

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♪

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The number of votes received

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by Comrade Thabo Mbeki,

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1,505.

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(crowd shouting)

00:17:34.125 --> 00:17:35.834
♪

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Comrade Jacob Zuma,

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2,389.

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(crowd cheering)

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♪

00:17:47.583 --> 00:17:51.625
And Jacob Zuma, who had served
10 years on Robben Island

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with Nelson Mandela,
was elected to lead the party.

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Great expectations,
great hopes, excitement.

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The ANC (unintelligible),
that was the slogan.

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Our ANC have returned
back to its members.

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(indistinct singing)

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And then just days after
being elected party leader,

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Zuma was charged by the
National Prosecuting Authority

00:18:17.250 --> 00:18:20.999
with 783 counts of fraud,

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racketeering, and corruption.

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All linked to the arms deal.

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No one has won, no one has lost.

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The ANC has won.

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(laughing)

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♪

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Zuma was president of the ANC,

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but not yet president
of the country.

00:18:57.208 --> 00:19:02.375
To become so he really needed
the charges to go away.

00:19:02.375 --> 00:19:04.333
♪

00:19:04.333 --> 00:19:05.750
And miraculously, they did.

00:19:05.750 --> 00:19:09.208
Just weeks before the
general election of 2009,

00:19:09.208 --> 00:19:12.542
the corruption charges against
Jacob Zuma were dropped

00:19:12.542 --> 00:19:17.792
by the National Prosecuting
Authority on a technicality.

00:19:17.792 --> 00:19:19.166
The opposition, understandably,

00:19:19.166 --> 00:19:22.458
argued there\'d been political
bullying of the judiciary,

00:19:22.458 --> 00:19:25.792
but even so, the dropping
of the charges was enough

00:19:25.792 --> 00:19:28.041
to clear the way
for Zuma to become

00:19:28.041 --> 00:19:31.250
president of the country.

00:19:31.250 --> 00:19:34.834
To the wellbeing
for the republic

00:19:34.834 --> 00:19:36.959
and all of its people.

00:19:36.959 --> 00:19:39.750
Please raise your
right hand and say,

00:19:39.750 --> 00:19:41.750
\"So help me God.\"

00:19:41.750 --> 00:19:43.959
So help me God.

00:19:43.959 --> 00:19:47.542
(applause)

00:19:47.542 --> 00:19:50.959
(cheering)

00:19:50.959 --> 00:19:54.959
(indistinct singing)

00:19:54.959 --> 00:19:59.625
♪

00:19:59.625 --> 00:20:04.250
We now have a
historic situation.

00:20:04.250 --> 00:20:07.875
We have Jacob Zuma
as the president

00:20:07.875 --> 00:20:10.709
of the country.

00:20:10.709 --> 00:20:12.834
We said, \"What more you want?\"

00:20:12.834 --> 00:20:15.333
If it can\'t work
under these leaders,

00:20:15.333 --> 00:20:16.834
it can never work again.

00:20:16.834 --> 00:20:20.834
I\'m just going to say it,
Zuma didn\'t waste

00:20:20.834 --> 00:20:23.750
any time letting us down.

00:20:23.750 --> 00:20:28.166
Under his watch, government
became more centralized,

00:20:28.166 --> 00:20:29.208
even less democratic.

00:20:29.208 --> 00:20:32.999
He immediately beefed up
the power of the presidency

00:20:32.999 --> 00:20:35.125
by surrounding
himself with people

00:20:35.125 --> 00:20:36.834
loyal to him and only to him.

00:20:36.834 --> 00:20:40.999
Zuma is the former Head
of Intelligence in the ANC,

00:20:40.999 --> 00:20:46.166
trained by the KGB, the Russians
during the Soviet Union.

00:20:46.166 --> 00:20:49.291
So this guy is very shrewd.

00:20:49.291 --> 00:20:52.875
An intelligence man
doesn\'t change his colors.

00:20:52.875 --> 00:20:55.709
The way he runs
the ANC, he runs it

00:20:55.709 --> 00:20:57.750
like an intelligence operation.

00:20:57.750 --> 00:21:00.333
Dealing with a very
sophisticated intelligence

00:21:00.333 --> 00:21:03.375
operative who is
now the president.

00:21:03.375 --> 00:21:06.792
(indistinct yelling)

00:21:06.792 --> 00:21:11.792
♪

00:21:11.792 --> 00:21:15.792
Locally, Zuma was ensconcing
himself with the wealthy,

00:21:15.792 --> 00:21:18.458
which included the
famous Gupta brothers.

00:21:18.458 --> 00:21:21.542
The Guptas had in
a short space of time

00:21:21.542 --> 00:21:24.000
built a sizable business empire,

00:21:24.000 --> 00:21:27.999
and by all accounts were
not hesitating to openly

00:21:27.999 --> 00:21:31.875
use their newfound
political influence.

00:21:31.875 --> 00:21:35.166
Internationally, Zuma was
jetting around the world

00:21:35.166 --> 00:21:37.667
reassuring international
investors that it was

00:21:37.667 --> 00:21:40.667
business as usual,
and there would be

00:21:40.667 --> 00:21:44.041
no sudden changes
in economic policy.

00:21:44.041 --> 00:21:46.834
Meanwhile, the gap between
the rich and the poor

00:21:46.834 --> 00:21:49.542
was growing, and we
were looking at some

00:21:49.542 --> 00:21:53.250
of the worst inequality
in the world.

00:21:53.250 --> 00:21:56.041
♪

00:21:56.041 --> 00:21:57.625
We demand the following:

00:21:57.625 --> 00:22:01.417
nationalization of
South African mines.

00:22:01.417 --> 00:22:04.208
It seems to me Malema
could\'ve just kept quiet

00:22:04.208 --> 00:22:08.417
and risen through
the ranks of the ANC.

00:22:08.417 --> 00:22:10.917
(indistinct remarks)

00:22:10.917 --> 00:22:14.917
Instead, he decided to stick up
for the millions upon millions

00:22:14.917 --> 00:22:18.500
of people still living
in shacks without water,

00:22:18.500 --> 00:22:20.999
sanitation, and electricity.

00:22:20.999 --> 00:22:26.000
To stand for the 40 percent
of youth without jobs.

00:22:26.000 --> 00:22:30.792
♪

00:22:30.792 --> 00:22:35.667
He called for a march to demand
jobs and free education.

00:22:35.667 --> 00:22:38.750
Seven thousand people,
mostly ordinary

00:22:38.750 --> 00:22:42.375
young ANC supporters,
mainly unemployed,

00:22:42.375 --> 00:22:45.583
joined Malema and walked
the 60 kilometers

00:22:45.583 --> 00:22:49.083
to the government
buildings in Pretoria.

00:22:49.083 --> 00:22:54.208
♪

00:22:54.208 --> 00:22:56.583
The rallying card
that he had issued

00:22:56.583 --> 00:22:59.125
to the following
members of society,

00:22:59.125 --> 00:23:02.542
and he called upon underpaid
waiters and waitresses,

00:23:02.542 --> 00:23:05.917
petrol pump attendants,
people who live in townships

00:23:05.917 --> 00:23:08.166
that don\'t have adequate
electricity supply,

00:23:08.166 --> 00:23:10.542
water supply,
refuse collection,

00:23:10.542 --> 00:23:12.500
people who are being
badly treated at work,

00:23:12.500 --> 00:23:15.542
who are being underpaid
generally, people who feel

00:23:15.542 --> 00:23:18.250
that they don\'t have
access to a job market.

00:23:18.250 --> 00:23:21.417
You were looking at
40, 42 million people

00:23:21.417 --> 00:23:23.917
without a shadow of a doubt.

00:23:23.917 --> 00:23:28.000
♪

00:23:28.000 --> 00:23:31.166
To me, it seemed as
if the new generation

00:23:31.166 --> 00:23:33.417
was taking up an old struggle.

00:23:33.417 --> 00:23:35.291
This is when I realized
that the ANC

00:23:35.291 --> 00:23:39.417
would have a real problem
if they didn\'t tackle head-on

00:23:39.417 --> 00:23:43.625
issues that mattered
most to the youth.

00:23:43.625 --> 00:23:47.792
Political organizations
that have led

00:23:47.792 --> 00:23:50.625
the decolonization process

00:23:50.625 --> 00:23:53.917
usually reach cul-de-sac

00:23:53.917 --> 00:23:58.125
20, 25 years after
they have come to power.

00:23:58.125 --> 00:24:00.083
♪

00:24:00.083 --> 00:24:03.333
There is the moment when
new generations that had

00:24:03.333 --> 00:24:07.333
nothing to do with the
struggle begin to emerge

00:24:07.333 --> 00:24:11.667
on the social scene
as social protagonists

00:24:11.667 --> 00:24:15.208
in their own--
on their own terms.

00:24:15.208 --> 00:24:18.750
There\'s also a moment
when old crises

00:24:18.750 --> 00:24:23.667
that have not been resolved...

00:24:23.667 --> 00:24:27.250
are festering, and to them

00:24:27.250 --> 00:24:29.542
are added new crisis,

00:24:29.542 --> 00:24:32.583
and both the new
and the old crisis

00:24:32.583 --> 00:24:36.208
are set on a collision course.

00:24:36.208 --> 00:24:40.667
♪

00:24:40.667 --> 00:24:43.709
Why would this South
Africa belong to us

00:24:43.709 --> 00:24:45.667
when we have nothing to show

00:24:45.667 --> 00:24:48.208
that this South Africa
belongs to us?

00:24:48.208 --> 00:24:52.709
If we continue with this
pattern, in 20 years,

00:24:52.709 --> 00:24:55.625
our freedom would
have transferred

00:24:55.625 --> 00:24:58.709
only less than five
percent of the land.

00:24:58.709 --> 00:25:02.999
Against what we
promised in 1994,

00:25:02.999 --> 00:25:06.291
30 percent.

00:25:06.291 --> 00:25:08.625
We are asking for leadership.

00:25:08.625 --> 00:25:12.000
We don\'t want to remove anybody.

00:25:12.000 --> 00:25:13.999
We don\'t want to remove you.

00:25:13.999 --> 00:25:17.458
We talk about the
pain we went through.

00:25:17.458 --> 00:25:22.125
We don\'t read about poverty,
we lived poverty.

00:25:22.125 --> 00:25:24.625
We are going to war, comrades,

00:25:24.625 --> 00:25:28.625
a war for radical policy shift,

00:25:28.625 --> 00:25:32.250
and they are not going
to win it through rhetoric.

00:25:32.250 --> 00:25:35.917
Youth, you must be everywhere

00:25:35.917 --> 00:25:38.667
in the structures of the ANC.

00:25:38.667 --> 00:25:41.667
(singing in foreign language)

00:25:41.667 --> 00:25:43.083
♪

00:25:43.083 --> 00:25:45.834
Zuma\'s response was to shut down

00:25:45.834 --> 00:25:48.583
the dissent of the youth.

00:25:48.583 --> 00:25:51.917
Early in 2012,
Malema found himself

00:25:51.917 --> 00:25:56.166
permanently expelled
from his political home,

00:25:56.166 --> 00:25:59.291
the ANC.

00:25:59.291 --> 00:26:00.709
It wasn\'t long ago that he said

00:26:00.709 --> 00:26:02.458
that he would die
for President Zuma.

00:26:02.458 --> 00:26:06.000
That seems to have shifted
a little bit since then.

00:26:06.000 --> 00:26:08.417
(laughing)

00:26:08.417 --> 00:26:12.166
So my question to you
is what are your feelings

00:26:12.166 --> 00:26:15.917
towards the Youth
League president?

00:26:15.917 --> 00:26:19.917
(laughing)

00:26:24.750 --> 00:26:29.542
♪

00:26:29.542 --> 00:26:33.208
In August 2012, something
happened that shook the nation

00:26:33.208 --> 00:26:36.375
and left many of us asking
fundamental questions

00:26:36.375 --> 00:26:41.125
about our relationship to the
African National Congress.

00:26:41.125 --> 00:26:48.792
♪

00:26:48.792 --> 00:26:51.917
At Lonmin\'s Marikana mine
a group of mine workers

00:26:51.917 --> 00:26:56.667
defied their union and went
on strike for a living wage.

00:26:56.667 --> 00:27:01.500
♪

00:27:01.500 --> 00:27:04.125
(indistinct chatter)

00:27:04.125 --> 00:27:07.166
Cyril Ramaphosa,
a leading ANC member,

00:27:07.166 --> 00:27:10.291
was part owner of the
mining company Lonmin.

00:27:10.291 --> 00:27:14.083
He\'s the company\'s Black
Economic Empowerment partner,

00:27:14.083 --> 00:27:18.583
and currently the Deputy
President of South Africa.

00:27:18.583 --> 00:27:22.792
(engines whirring)

00:27:36.083 --> 00:27:38.750
♪

00:27:38.750 --> 00:27:42.250
(indistinct remarks)

00:27:42.250 --> 00:27:46.792
♪

00:27:46.792 --> 00:27:49.458
The strikers vowed
to stay on the hill,

00:27:49.458 --> 00:27:53.125
demanding talks with management,

00:27:53.125 --> 00:27:55.917
but Lonmin never came.

00:27:55.917 --> 00:27:58.333
♪

00:27:58.333 --> 00:28:01.250
Six days into the strike,

00:28:01.250 --> 00:28:04.458
the police used live ammunition

00:28:04.458 --> 00:28:07.333
to attack the strikers.

00:28:07.333 --> 00:28:10.709
♪

00:28:10.709 --> 00:28:14.750
(gunfire)

00:28:22.667 --> 00:28:25.083
Ceasefire, ceasefire!

00:28:25.083 --> 00:28:28.750
I went to watch the,

00:28:28.750 --> 00:28:32.250
the news on some
24-hour news channel,

00:28:32.250 --> 00:28:36.291
and then I saw the
shooting of people.

00:28:36.291 --> 00:28:42.166
♪

00:28:42.166 --> 00:28:45.999
Police killed 34
and injured many more

00:28:45.999 --> 00:28:51.125
in what has since become known
as the Marikana Massacre.

00:28:51.125 --> 00:28:55.417
♪

00:28:55.417 --> 00:28:59.041
(indistinct yelling)

00:28:59.625 --> 00:29:03.959
The ANC has killed
people like that.

00:29:03.959 --> 00:29:07.709
It couldn\'t be,
it was unimaginable.

00:29:07.709 --> 00:29:11.792
That couldn\'t--to me,
it was an old picture

00:29:11.792 --> 00:29:17.458
it could have only happened
in the past, not now.

00:29:30.041 --> 00:29:32.750
(crowd shouting)

00:29:32.750 --> 00:29:37.083
Marikana is a turning
point for our country,

00:29:37.083 --> 00:29:40.917
and it turns towards
authoritarian rule,

00:29:40.917 --> 00:29:43.375
and a police state,
and a control

00:29:43.375 --> 00:29:45.458
of information and suppression,

00:29:45.458 --> 00:29:49.667
or it turns towards real
economic emancipation.

00:29:49.667 --> 00:29:53.458
That\'s the turning
point of Marikana.

00:29:53.458 --> 00:29:57.750
(mixed conversations)

00:30:04.125 --> 00:30:07.291
I don\'t have anything,
I don\'t have a gun, nothing!

00:30:07.291 --> 00:30:11.250
I\'m going to an
approved meeting.

00:30:11.250 --> 00:30:13.000
And what have they told you,
that you\'re not--

00:30:13.000 --> 00:30:15.500
No, they are blocking me,
they are blocking me.

00:30:15.500 --> 00:30:18.542
They have blocked the road.

00:30:23.000 --> 00:30:25.625
I\'m leaving, I\'m leaving.

00:30:25.625 --> 00:30:29.375
(indistinct conversations)

00:30:30.333 --> 00:30:32.959
This is Malema being
shoved into his vehicle

00:30:32.959 --> 00:30:37.917
and being forced to drive
away from the mine.

00:30:40.500 --> 00:30:43.834
As we intervened from Marikana

00:30:43.834 --> 00:30:46.542
to one community to the other,

00:30:46.542 --> 00:30:47.959
the people who kept on saying,

00:30:47.959 --> 00:30:51.041
\"Guys, open your
political party.

00:30:51.041 --> 00:30:54.417
Open a party
which we\'ll vote for.\"

00:30:54.417 --> 00:30:58.583
And we knew that the demands
of the Marikana workers

00:30:58.583 --> 00:31:03.041
were actually the demands of
workers all over South Africa,

00:31:03.041 --> 00:31:07.333
and that people were saying,
\"We need an alternative.\"

00:31:07.333 --> 00:31:11.792
(singing in foreign language)

00:31:13.417 --> 00:31:17.333
Julius Malema launched his
Economic Freedom Fighters

00:31:17.333 --> 00:31:20.291
in October 2013 in Marikana.

00:31:20.291 --> 00:31:24.959
With a keen eye on the general
elections just months away,

00:31:24.959 --> 00:31:27.834
tens of thousands
of ANC Youth tore up

00:31:27.834 --> 00:31:31.291
their party cards
and joined Malema.

00:31:31.291 --> 00:31:37.333
♪

00:31:37.333 --> 00:31:42.375
EFF is your home,
don\'t be homeless.

00:31:42.375 --> 00:31:45.709
You came here today to come

00:31:45.709 --> 00:31:50.333
and witness a birth of a child,

00:31:50.333 --> 00:31:52.667
because today,

00:31:52.667 --> 00:31:55.542
a pregnant African woman

00:31:55.542 --> 00:31:58.750
is giving birth to a child.

00:31:58.750 --> 00:32:03.333
A child who is going
to be born today

00:32:03.333 --> 00:32:06.125
and walk immediately.

00:32:06.125 --> 00:32:08.333
You must be very scared

00:32:08.333 --> 00:32:11.458
when a child gets born today

00:32:11.458 --> 00:32:14.458
and immediately shake your hand.

00:32:14.458 --> 00:32:18.709
(indistinct singing)

00:32:20.041 --> 00:32:21.625
Malema wasn\'t joking.

00:32:21.625 --> 00:32:24.667
Just months later, the
Economic Freedom Fighters

00:32:24.667 --> 00:32:27.375
stood in their first
general election

00:32:27.375 --> 00:32:29.041
and won six percent of the vote.

00:32:29.041 --> 00:32:32.999
-Malema, Julius Sello.
-With 25 MPs,

00:32:32.999 --> 00:32:37.834
the EFF were overnight
the third largest party.

00:32:37.834 --> 00:32:40.959
Those who are taking an oath...

00:32:40.959 --> 00:32:43.834
♪

00:32:43.834 --> 00:32:45.750
...raise your right hand and say

00:32:45.750 --> 00:32:48.208
in that language,
\"So help me God,\"

00:32:48.208 --> 00:32:52.625
and if it is an affirmation
in the same language, \"I do.\"

00:32:52.625 --> 00:32:55.125
(indistinct remarks)

00:32:55.125 --> 00:32:58.250
Thank you, you may
return to your seats.

00:32:58.250 --> 00:32:59.834
(applause)

00:32:59.834 --> 00:33:03.917
But they decide to dress up
in the workman\'s uniform,

00:33:03.917 --> 00:33:07.125
the boiler suits,
and the women coming in

00:33:07.125 --> 00:33:08.792
dressed up as the domestic help.

00:33:08.792 --> 00:33:11.959
It sent a huge message
and it was very clever

00:33:11.959 --> 00:33:14.333
on their part to show
their constituents,

00:33:14.333 --> 00:33:17.208
those people who\'d voted them
into the House of Parliament,

00:33:17.208 --> 00:33:20.625
that they were at all times
going to represent them.

00:33:20.625 --> 00:33:24.125
Honorable Malema.

00:33:24.125 --> 00:33:28.542
Chair, when police reduce crime?

00:33:28.542 --> 00:33:30.583
You come here and say

00:33:30.583 --> 00:33:34.041
the ANC has reduced crime,

00:33:34.041 --> 00:33:36.834
and when police kill people

00:33:36.834 --> 00:33:39.125
you don\'t want us
to come here and say

00:33:39.125 --> 00:33:42.417
the ANC government
has killed people.

00:33:42.417 --> 00:33:45.750
-That is inconsistent with--
-Honorable Malema.

00:33:45.750 --> 00:33:48.959
Malema had promised
voters that if the EFF

00:33:48.959 --> 00:33:51.625
got MPs into Parliament
they would raise

00:33:51.625 --> 00:33:54.166
uncomfortable questions
for the ANC.

00:33:54.166 --> 00:33:57.750
I will ask you again,
Honorable Malema.

00:33:57.750 --> 00:34:01.917
-Withdraw that statement.
-I maintain the ANC government

00:34:01.917 --> 00:34:03.458
killed people in Marikana.

00:34:03.458 --> 00:34:07.750
You leave me no choice but
to ask you to leave the House.

00:34:07.750 --> 00:34:09.375
-No problem.
-Thank you.

00:34:09.375 --> 00:34:13.792
-You are the criminal.
-Yes, I was (unintelligible).

00:34:13.792 --> 00:34:16.250
You murdered people in Marikana!

00:34:16.250 --> 00:34:19.500
Make sure that
the door is closed.

00:34:19.500 --> 00:34:21.875
And it wasn\'t long
before Parliament

00:34:21.875 --> 00:34:24.166
became the battleground
of a scandal

00:34:24.166 --> 00:34:26.041
which involved Zuma personally.

00:34:26.041 --> 00:34:27.834
Two hundred and
fifty million rand,

00:34:27.834 --> 00:34:31.458
or sixteen million euros,
had been siphoned off

00:34:31.458 --> 00:34:33.333
from the state coffers to pay

00:34:33.333 --> 00:34:38.125
for the Zuma family\'s private
residence in Nkandla.

00:34:38.125 --> 00:34:39.417
♪

00:34:39.417 --> 00:34:44.500
Two hundred and fifty-something
million on one man.

00:34:44.500 --> 00:34:46.250
Here in Soweto

00:34:46.250 --> 00:34:49.583
the children are still using

00:34:49.583 --> 00:34:52.458
the desk which
were given to them

00:34:52.458 --> 00:34:57.000
by apartheid regime till today.

00:34:57.000 --> 00:35:01.583
You ask yourself how many desk

00:35:01.583 --> 00:35:05.333
can 250-something million buy?

00:35:05.333 --> 00:35:10.291
My name is being used wrongly.

00:35:10.291 --> 00:35:13.375
My family\'s been undermined,

00:35:13.375 --> 00:35:16.583
even by the very
honorable members

00:35:16.583 --> 00:35:19.875
who don\'t ask, who don\'t ask

00:35:19.875 --> 00:35:23.375
as to what actually happened.

00:35:23.375 --> 00:35:24.792
And I feel very aggrieved,

00:35:24.792 --> 00:35:28.291
I must tell you
for the first time.

00:35:28.291 --> 00:35:31.667
I\'ve been convicted,

00:35:31.667 --> 00:35:33.375
painted black,

00:35:33.375 --> 00:35:37.834
called the first
class corrupt man

00:35:37.834 --> 00:35:41.792
on facts that are not tested.

00:35:41.792 --> 00:35:44.250
I take it seriously.

00:35:44.250 --> 00:35:46.959
The Office of the Public
Protector was established

00:35:46.959 --> 00:35:50.458
to get to the bottom of
exactly this kind of case,

00:35:50.458 --> 00:35:52.834
an independent
body to keep watch

00:35:52.834 --> 00:35:55.792
over our state institutions.

00:35:55.792 --> 00:35:57.917
♪

00:35:57.917 --> 00:36:00.208
The public protector,
Thuli Madonsela,

00:36:00.208 --> 00:36:02.999
was brought in to
investigate Nkandla,

00:36:02.999 --> 00:36:06.208
and it didn\'t look
good for Zuma.

00:36:06.208 --> 00:36:09.834
It is common cause that
in the name of security

00:36:09.834 --> 00:36:14.291
government built for the
president and his family

00:36:14.291 --> 00:36:18.166
in his private residence

00:36:18.166 --> 00:36:22.375
a visitor\'s center,
a cattle kraal,

00:36:22.375 --> 00:36:25.417
a chicken run, a swimming pool,

00:36:25.417 --> 00:36:30.041
and an amphitheater,
among others.

00:36:30.041 --> 00:36:31.709
♪

00:36:31.709 --> 00:36:34.291
The president and his family

00:36:34.291 --> 00:36:37.333
clearly benefitted from this.

00:36:37.333 --> 00:36:40.125
What happened in Nkandla
is very simple.

00:36:40.125 --> 00:36:42.959
You have a president who says

00:36:42.959 --> 00:36:45.542
he wants security features,

00:36:45.542 --> 00:36:48.000
but that is used as a means

00:36:48.000 --> 00:36:51.875
of enriching him
and his friends.

00:36:51.875 --> 00:36:54.917
Because they think they\'re
running the country,

00:36:54.917 --> 00:36:57.000
who\'s going to scrutinize this?

00:36:57.000 --> 00:37:00.750
When should you pay back
the money and how much?

00:37:00.750 --> 00:37:05.166
The public protector
made recommendations,

00:37:05.166 --> 00:37:09.667
and recommendations
are recommendations.

00:37:09.667 --> 00:37:13.208
Are not verdicts.

00:37:13.208 --> 00:37:17.000
Recommendations
are recommendations,

00:37:17.000 --> 00:37:19.917
subject to be taken or not taken

00:37:19.917 --> 00:37:22.834
if they are recommendations.

00:37:22.834 --> 00:37:24.959
(indistinct conversations)

00:37:24.959 --> 00:37:28.291
So he stands in Parliament
and he lies.

00:37:28.291 --> 00:37:33.875
And his MPs to this day are
still trying to protect him.

00:37:33.875 --> 00:37:35.583
♪

00:37:35.583 --> 00:37:37.291
Thank you very much.

00:37:37.291 --> 00:37:41.000
The Minister of Police conducted
his own investigation.

00:37:41.000 --> 00:37:44.542
At last we were going
to find out how much Zuma

00:37:44.542 --> 00:37:48.208
had to pay back to the state.

00:37:48.208 --> 00:37:51.333
It\'s open to scrutiny

00:37:51.333 --> 00:37:52.709
of any sort, really.

00:37:52.709 --> 00:37:56.999
And of course, I think through
the parliamentary process

00:37:56.999 --> 00:37:58.834
that also would be--

00:37:58.834 --> 00:38:01.250
will also be subjected to--

00:38:01.250 --> 00:38:04.583
no, that this very same
report will also be subjected

00:38:04.583 --> 00:38:09.542
to a similar kind
of scrutiny and so on.

00:38:09.542 --> 00:38:10.250
I don\'t know...

00:38:10.250 --> 00:38:14.375
The briefing lasted
for a full three hours,

00:38:14.375 --> 00:38:17.125
and we were even
treated to video evidence

00:38:17.125 --> 00:38:19.041
that the money spent
was essential

00:38:19.041 --> 00:38:22.333
for the president\'s security.

00:38:24.583 --> 00:38:27.583
The first bit of evidence
was a demonstration

00:38:27.583 --> 00:38:30.250
on the many uses
of a swimming pool

00:38:30.250 --> 00:38:33.709
that came with
its own opera music.

00:38:33.709 --> 00:38:35.959
(beeping)

00:38:35.959 --> 00:38:51.291
♪

00:38:51.291 --> 00:38:53.417
The pumping is done.

00:38:53.417 --> 00:38:56.417
(indistinct speech)

00:38:56.917 --> 00:39:00.583
If you have this
open water resource,

00:39:00.583 --> 00:39:03.083
you could be able to do
all sorts of things.

00:39:03.083 --> 00:39:06.417
The state president is
therefore not liable to pay

00:39:06.417 --> 00:39:09.625
for any of the
security features.

00:39:09.625 --> 00:39:11.375
The outstanding...

00:39:11.375 --> 00:39:13.083
Yes, you heard it right.

00:39:13.083 --> 00:39:15.792
Zuma didn\'t have
to pay back the money

00:39:15.792 --> 00:39:17.041
as the public protector said.

00:39:17.041 --> 00:39:21.709
In fact, more money was needed
for the president\'s security.

00:39:21.709 --> 00:39:23.999
So what must the rest
of the population think?

00:39:23.999 --> 00:39:25.291
Everybody is
getting away with it

00:39:25.291 --> 00:39:30.125
because the person who would
otherwise hold you accountable

00:39:30.125 --> 00:39:32.041
is themselves
acting with impunity.

00:39:32.041 --> 00:39:36.875
Zuma has managed to control
all the levers of patronage,

00:39:36.875 --> 00:39:40.375
and therefore
the support that he has

00:39:40.375 --> 00:39:42.792
is not really political support.

00:39:42.792 --> 00:39:45.750
It\'s more people
wanting themselves

00:39:45.750 --> 00:39:50.834
to have access
to state resources.

00:39:51.250 --> 00:39:54.333
The scandals surrounding
Zuma were growing,

00:39:54.333 --> 00:39:57.417
much of this to do
with his relationship

00:39:57.417 --> 00:39:59.291
with the Gupta family.

00:39:59.291 --> 00:40:02.000
The two families
collaborated in business.

00:40:02.000 --> 00:40:05.959
Zuma\'s young son, Duduzane,
was by now a director

00:40:05.959 --> 00:40:09.375
in several of
the Gupta companies.

00:40:09.375 --> 00:40:11.709
The fear was that
they were using their wealth

00:40:11.709 --> 00:40:16.083
to influence Zuma\'s
policy decisions.

00:40:16.625 --> 00:40:21.875
I, David Douglas van Rooyen...

00:40:21.875 --> 00:40:25.667
Then suddenly it
got so much worse.

00:40:25.667 --> 00:40:27.542
...that I will be faithful

00:40:27.542 --> 00:40:29.750
to the Republic
of South Africa.

00:40:29.750 --> 00:40:31.500
Zuma fired the Finance Minister,

00:40:31.500 --> 00:40:36.875
replacing him with an unknown
member of parliament.

00:40:36.875 --> 00:40:39.041
...and all other law
of the Republic...

00:40:39.041 --> 00:40:41.500
Had Zuma replaced
the Finance Minister

00:40:41.500 --> 00:40:44.333
to open the way for
the Guptas to gain access

00:40:44.333 --> 00:40:47.542
to lucrative state contracts?

00:40:48.458 --> 00:40:52.166
Sudden dismissal of
the Minister of Finance

00:40:52.166 --> 00:40:55.500
left the nation
completely stunned.

00:40:55.500 --> 00:40:58.750
Even the minister
in the presidency

00:40:58.750 --> 00:41:04.125
confirmed that, you know,
they had a cabinet meeting

00:41:04.125 --> 00:41:08.959
the previous day,
which ended in the evening,

00:41:08.959 --> 00:41:13.875
and they adjourned
completely unaware

00:41:13.875 --> 00:41:16.250
that later in that very night,

00:41:16.250 --> 00:41:20.000
the Minister of Finance
was going to be dropped.

00:41:20.000 --> 00:41:22.166
The economy went into crisis,

00:41:22.166 --> 00:41:24.667
losing hundreds
of millions of dollars

00:41:24.667 --> 00:41:26.458
in the course of a few days.

00:41:26.458 --> 00:41:29.625
There was widespread talk
of state institutions

00:41:29.625 --> 00:41:32.417
being captured
by private corporations,

00:41:32.417 --> 00:41:36.834
and the Guptas\' name
popped up all over the place.

00:41:36.834 --> 00:41:41.166
♪

00:41:41.166 --> 00:41:44.000
Members of the Gupta family
offered me the position

00:41:44.000 --> 00:41:48.667
of Minister of Finance to
replace the then Minister Nene.

00:41:48.667 --> 00:41:51.500
I rejected this out of hand.

00:41:51.500 --> 00:41:53.917
The basis of my rejection
of their offer

00:41:53.917 --> 00:41:59.000
is that it makes a mockery
of our hard-earned democracy.

00:41:59.000 --> 00:42:04.500
The clear examples
of corruption:

00:42:04.500 --> 00:42:07.625
Zuma and Guptas,

00:42:07.625 --> 00:42:12.625
and summarizing the two,
they are called Zuptas.

00:42:12.625 --> 00:42:14.792
(laughing)

00:42:14.792 --> 00:42:16.333
♪

00:42:16.333 --> 00:42:18.917
For many of us,
things had gone too far.

00:42:18.917 --> 00:42:21.125
The only safe route
for the country

00:42:21.125 --> 00:42:23.500
was for Zuma to go.

00:42:23.667 --> 00:42:26.834
People who hadn\'t
been active for years

00:42:26.834 --> 00:42:28.583
took to the streets.

00:42:28.583 --> 00:42:31.667
(chanting \"Zuma must fall\")

00:42:31.667 --> 00:42:33.583
But over the course
of the weekend,

00:42:33.583 --> 00:42:36.959
ANC leaders and local
captains of industry

00:42:36.959 --> 00:42:40.375
strong-armed Zuma to back down.

00:42:40.375 --> 00:42:41.375
♪

00:42:41.375 --> 00:42:42.667
I have no idea what was said,

00:42:42.667 --> 00:42:47.041
but Zuma was somehow persuaded
to replace David van Rooyen

00:42:47.041 --> 00:42:51.500
with a more experienced
finance minister.

00:42:51.500 --> 00:42:55.999
♪

00:42:55.999 --> 00:42:58.959
(helicopter whirring)

00:42:58.959 --> 00:43:03.875
♪

00:43:03.875 --> 00:43:06.500
Every year, the State
of the Nation Address

00:43:06.500 --> 00:43:09.125
is Zuma\'s chance
to show the nation

00:43:09.125 --> 00:43:13.125
he has everything under control.

00:43:13.125 --> 00:43:14.041
This time around,

00:43:14.041 --> 00:43:18.583
the whole area was
under military lockdown.

00:43:18.583 --> 00:43:20.999
We were told the president
was going to speak

00:43:20.999 --> 00:43:25.417
without interruptions,
whatever it took.

00:43:25.417 --> 00:43:35.458
♪

00:43:39.166 --> 00:43:41.875
The year 2015 marks 60 years

00:43:41.875 --> 00:43:47.875
of a historic moment
in our history,

00:43:47.875 --> 00:43:51.375
when South Africans
from all walks of life

00:43:51.375 --> 00:43:56.333
adopted the Freedom Charter
in 1955 from--

00:43:56.333 --> 00:43:58.625
Madame Speaker.

00:43:58.625 --> 00:44:02.250
-Madame Speaker.
-They declared amongst others

00:44:02.250 --> 00:44:05.709
that South Africa belongs
to all who live in it...

00:44:05.709 --> 00:44:09.208
-A question of privilege.
-...black and white,

00:44:09.208 --> 00:44:13.917
and that no government
can justly claim authority

00:44:13.917 --> 00:44:18.208
-unless it is based--
-Can Honorable President--

00:44:18.208 --> 00:44:19.792
Honorable President,

00:44:19.792 --> 00:44:25.000
I\'m sorry to interrupt
your speech.

00:44:25.000 --> 00:44:28.875
If the president would
not mind just taking a seat

00:44:28.875 --> 00:44:31.458
so we can listen to
this honorable member\'s

00:44:31.458 --> 00:44:35.999
-point of order.
-May we ask the president

00:44:35.999 --> 00:44:38.375
as to when he is
going to pay the money

00:44:38.375 --> 00:44:41.417
in terms of what
the public protector has said?

00:44:41.417 --> 00:44:47.000
This House has to proceed
with the business

00:44:47.000 --> 00:44:53.125
of the State of the Nation
Address being delivered today.

00:44:53.125 --> 00:44:56.417
Which rule are you using,
my Honorable Speaker?

00:44:56.417 --> 00:45:00.500
Which rule are you
using to deny members

00:45:00.500 --> 00:45:01.458
to raise a point of order?

00:45:01.458 --> 00:45:03.917
-They\'re protected by the rules!
-I am now--

00:45:03.917 --> 00:45:06.417
You cannot be
emotional about it.

00:45:06.417 --> 00:45:09.125
Point out the rule
which gives you powers

00:45:09.125 --> 00:45:12.041
-to deny us point of orders.
-Honorable Malema,

00:45:12.041 --> 00:45:18.041
I now have to ask that
you leave the Chamber.

00:45:18.041 --> 00:45:20.166
(applause)

00:45:20.166 --> 00:45:22.709
Honorable members of the EFF,

00:45:22.709 --> 00:45:24.500
I have ruled on the matter,

00:45:24.500 --> 00:45:28.208
and I am now asking you
to leave the chamber.

00:45:28.208 --> 00:45:31.709
-Leave the chamber!
-I am not going to leave.

00:45:31.709 --> 00:45:33.834
If you\'re not
leaving the chamber--

00:45:33.834 --> 00:45:35.291
I\'m not working for you.

00:45:35.291 --> 00:45:36.583
I\'m not here on your invitation,

00:45:36.583 --> 00:45:39.709
-I\'m elected to be here.
-...to leave the chamber.

00:45:39.709 --> 00:45:42.041
Never, I\'m not going to leave.

00:45:42.041 --> 00:45:44.041
I\'m elected to be here.

00:45:44.041 --> 00:45:47.083
(indistinct yelling)

00:45:47.999 --> 00:45:50.375
We are appealing
to your conscience!

00:45:50.375 --> 00:45:55.041
I also order
the security officers

00:45:55.041 --> 00:45:57.667
to please assist.

00:45:57.667 --> 00:46:01.166
♪

00:46:01.166 --> 00:46:05.041
Members of the NCOP,
take your seats.

00:46:05.041 --> 00:46:07.250
Take your seats!

00:46:07.250 --> 00:46:09.083
♪

00:46:09.083 --> 00:46:11.792
(indistinct yelling)

00:46:11.792 --> 00:46:44.625
♪

00:46:44.625 --> 00:46:46.041
I want to understand
whether the members

00:46:46.041 --> 00:46:49.750
who were sent in here to remove
the members of the EFF,

00:46:49.750 --> 00:46:51.083
were they in fact members

00:46:51.083 --> 00:46:52.999
of the South African
Police Service?

00:46:52.999 --> 00:46:57.875
And if that be the case,
can I request that this--

00:46:57.875 --> 00:46:59.709
we cannot simply
allow for police

00:46:59.709 --> 00:47:01.625
to be allowed
to enter this chamber.

00:47:01.625 --> 00:47:05.500
It is a grave
constitutional violation.

00:47:05.500 --> 00:47:08.166
It--we want to be here

00:47:08.166 --> 00:47:10.208
to get the State
of the Nation Address,

00:47:10.208 --> 00:47:13.875
but we cannot violate
this constitution

00:47:13.875 --> 00:47:15.125
of the people of this country

00:47:15.125 --> 00:47:17.417
by allowing the police
in this chamber.

00:47:17.417 --> 00:47:18.333
We can\'t accept that.

00:47:18.333 --> 00:47:21.834
I\'d like clarity on that,
Madame Speaker.

00:47:21.834 --> 00:47:24.667
(applause)

00:47:26.000 --> 00:47:29.417
There is no way
I could sit in here,

00:47:29.417 --> 00:47:31.709
be able to pick out
who is police

00:47:31.709 --> 00:47:35.333
and who is not police here.

00:47:39.375 --> 00:47:43.458
(applause)

00:47:53.083 --> 00:47:55.083
Thank you, thank you very much.

00:47:55.083 --> 00:47:58.999
Let me start where
I was interrupted from.

00:47:58.999 --> 00:48:00.125
Yeah!

00:48:00.125 --> 00:48:03.000
(laughing)

00:48:03.000 --> 00:48:05.959
(indistinct talking)

00:48:05.959 --> 00:48:10.375
♪

00:48:10.375 --> 00:48:12.917
What happened inside?

00:48:12.917 --> 00:48:18.667
♪

00:48:40.875 --> 00:48:44.166
♪

00:48:44.166 --> 00:48:47.417
We have a situation
that we never really

00:48:47.417 --> 00:48:51.417
quite envisaged
during the period

00:48:51.417 --> 00:48:53.709
of the struggle
against Apartheid,

00:48:53.709 --> 00:48:56.417
which was that there
was another phase

00:48:56.417 --> 00:48:58.625
where the power
of liberation movements

00:48:58.625 --> 00:49:01.500
is going to be contested
by other players,

00:49:01.500 --> 00:49:03.875
including by the people
themselves.

00:49:03.875 --> 00:49:08.417
And that\'s what--
the phase we\'ve now entered.

00:49:08.417 --> 00:49:11.208
The bottom line is
people on the ground

00:49:11.208 --> 00:49:14.000
are losing patience
with mainstream politics

00:49:14.000 --> 00:49:17.291
and taking things
into their own hands.

00:49:17.291 --> 00:49:22.125
This is Irvin Jim,
a former leading ANC member.

00:49:22.125 --> 00:49:24.709
He\'s the leader
of the Metalworkers,

00:49:24.709 --> 00:49:27.458
the biggest trade union
in South Africa.

00:49:27.458 --> 00:49:28.250
The words Madiba offered

00:49:28.250 --> 00:49:31.125
to the COSATU
Special National Congress

00:49:31.125 --> 00:49:33.500
in 1993 when he said,

00:49:33.500 --> 00:49:35.750
\"If the ANC does not
deliver the goods,

00:49:35.750 --> 00:49:41.250
you must do to it what you did
to the apartheid regime.\"

00:49:41.250 --> 00:49:43.750
(cheering)

00:49:47.166 --> 00:49:50.625
And this is
the 380,000-strong union

00:49:50.625 --> 00:49:54.999
making the decision
to withdraw support for the ANC.

00:49:54.999 --> 00:49:58.333
(singing in foreign language)

00:49:58.333 --> 00:50:00.041
Standing with the Metalworkers

00:50:00.041 --> 00:50:01.834
is General Secretary
of the Congress

00:50:01.834 --> 00:50:06.834
of South African Trade Unions,
Zwelinzima Vavi.

00:50:06.834 --> 00:50:10.250
Yes, the same guy
who, with Malema,

00:50:10.250 --> 00:50:13.166
helped Zuma rise to the top.

00:50:13.375 --> 00:50:15.375
Shortly after taking
a critical stance

00:50:15.375 --> 00:50:18.166
against Zuma\'s
leadership of the ANC,

00:50:18.166 --> 00:50:23.041
Vavi was fired
from the congress.

00:50:23.041 --> 00:50:26.333
(indistinct chanting)

00:50:26.333 --> 00:50:30.041
The ANC\'s alliance
with the Trade Unions

00:50:30.041 --> 00:50:30.999
was breaking up.

00:50:30.999 --> 00:50:34.667
The party could no longer
sit back and enjoy support

00:50:34.667 --> 00:50:39.750
from an old ally
it once took for granted.

00:50:39.750 --> 00:51:00.291
♪

00:51:00.291 --> 00:51:01.792
The right to live in the city

00:51:01.792 --> 00:51:03.583
has long been
denied black people,

00:51:03.583 --> 00:51:09.542
first by law and now,
under the ANC, by economics.

00:51:09.542 --> 00:51:12.041
♪

00:51:12.041 --> 00:51:14.000
People are killed in this place.

00:51:14.000 --> 00:51:17.250
There are children
raped and dumped here.

00:51:17.250 --> 00:51:20.583
Most crimes are done here
so that the people--

00:51:20.583 --> 00:51:22.625
I\'d rather say people
must build and stay here

00:51:22.625 --> 00:51:26.166
than having more deaths
and more rapes in this place,

00:51:26.166 --> 00:51:29.917
so I think the government
should let us use this space.

00:51:29.917 --> 00:51:36.083
♪

00:51:36.083 --> 00:51:39.041
(yelling)

00:51:39.041 --> 00:51:50.291
♪

00:51:50.291 --> 00:51:53.166
(screaming)

00:51:53.166 --> 00:51:56.542
♪

00:51:56.542 --> 00:51:58.917
(gun shots)

00:51:58.917 --> 00:52:03.792
♪

00:52:06.375 --> 00:52:14.250
♪

00:52:29.625 --> 00:52:32.875
(singing in foreign language)

00:52:38.667 --> 00:52:44.041
♪

00:52:44.041 --> 00:52:46.000
We will build till we stay here.

00:52:46.000 --> 00:52:50.875
This land belongs to us,
so we\'re gonna build here.

00:52:50.875 --> 00:52:52.875
♪

00:52:52.875 --> 00:52:53.667
I am not afraid of that.

00:52:53.667 --> 00:52:55.291
If you want something,
you stand for it,

00:52:55.291 --> 00:52:56.041
you fight for it.

00:52:56.041 --> 00:52:59.083
You fight for what
you know is right.

00:53:00.125 --> 00:53:02.583
Why is he taking us to the city?

00:53:02.583 --> 00:53:05.125
Just go straight.

00:53:05.625 --> 00:53:09.917
In 2.7 kilometers,
take Exit 13--

00:53:09.917 --> 00:53:12.750
Uh-uh, follow that truck.

00:53:12.750 --> 00:53:15.041
(motor buzzing)

00:53:15.041 --> 00:53:17.709
(chanting)

00:53:17.709 --> 00:53:43.750
♪

00:53:43.750 --> 00:53:45.291
For many poor families,

00:53:45.291 --> 00:53:47.875
getting the kids to
complete their education

00:53:47.875 --> 00:53:49.750
is the only way out of poverty,

00:53:49.750 --> 00:53:54.542
but each year, tuition fees
just keep on rising.

00:53:54.542 --> 00:53:56.999
♪

00:53:56.999 --> 00:54:03.208
The number of students
here at VUT has dropped.

00:54:03.208 --> 00:54:07.166
Has dropped because
students were excluded,

00:54:07.166 --> 00:54:11.709
particularly those
who didn\'t have money.

00:54:11.709 --> 00:54:14.500
It cannot be a prerequisite

00:54:14.500 --> 00:54:19.458
for a person
to have to pay money

00:54:19.458 --> 00:54:22.667
before you get education.

00:54:22.667 --> 00:54:26.083
Education is not a commodity.

00:54:26.083 --> 00:54:29.583
Education is a birth right.

00:54:29.583 --> 00:54:32.750
(singing)

00:54:32.750 --> 00:54:37.250
♪

00:54:37.250 --> 00:54:40.125
Does it really matter
if the doors of learning

00:54:40.125 --> 00:54:41.125
are open to all

00:54:41.125 --> 00:54:42.667
if the majority
of black students

00:54:42.667 --> 00:54:45.959
can\'t afford
to complete their studies?

00:54:45.959 --> 00:54:49.625
When students decided
to fight against the fee hike,

00:54:49.625 --> 00:54:51.458
they added
to their list of demands

00:54:51.458 --> 00:54:56.291
an end to the exploitation
of countless workers.

00:54:56.500 --> 00:55:00.000
This is the young fighting
not just for their own survival,

00:55:00.000 --> 00:55:04.500
but for their parents\'
generation as well.

00:55:04.500 --> 00:55:09.917
♪

00:55:09.917 --> 00:55:12.709
(shattering and cheering)

00:55:12.709 --> 00:55:38.250
♪

00:55:38.250 --> 00:55:40.083
When we entered Mandela Bridge,

00:55:40.083 --> 00:55:43.834
when we were crossing--
in the midst of Mandela Bridge,

00:55:43.834 --> 00:55:45.792
that structure started shaking.

00:55:45.792 --> 00:55:48.667
For some reason, that moment
was quite telling for me.

00:55:48.667 --> 00:55:51.959
I felt like Mandela\'s
rainbow nation,

00:55:51.959 --> 00:55:56.458
Mandela\'s sort of,
you know, false vision

00:55:56.458 --> 00:55:57.875
was now about to crumble.

00:55:57.875 --> 00:55:59.834
That perhaps
we are the generation

00:55:59.834 --> 00:56:01.917
that is about
to give the real vision

00:56:01.917 --> 00:56:04.875
that this country needs.

00:56:07.166 --> 00:56:11.166
We are here,
demanding one thing only

00:56:11.166 --> 00:56:17.000
free and quality education
in our lifetime.

00:56:17.000 --> 00:56:19.709
(cheering)

00:56:19.709 --> 00:56:23.458
Do not have fear
in your hearts!

00:56:23.458 --> 00:56:25.625
Do not have doubt
in your minds!

00:56:25.625 --> 00:56:29.999
What you are doing
you are doing for the future!

00:56:29.999 --> 00:56:32.625
(cheering)

00:56:32.625 --> 00:56:36.750
Do not be intimidated by guns!

00:56:36.750 --> 00:56:40.000
They have killed us
before in Marikana!

00:56:40.000 --> 00:56:43.083
We cannot die again.

00:56:43.333 --> 00:56:44.333
During the last 20 years,

00:56:44.333 --> 00:56:49.000
the debate was about
the present and the past.

00:56:49.000 --> 00:56:51.500
The current debate,
the one that is emerging

00:56:51.500 --> 00:56:54.041
when one listens to--
especially young people,

00:56:54.041 --> 00:56:58.750
students, protesters,
and so forth and so on

00:56:58.750 --> 00:57:00.000
is about the future.

00:57:00.000 --> 00:57:05.083
What kind of future
do we want to create?

00:57:05.083 --> 00:57:07.750
And in the name of that future,

00:57:07.750 --> 00:57:13.750
why is it important to destroy
the existing dispensation?

00:57:13.750 --> 00:57:15.917
(indistinct yelling)

00:57:15.917 --> 00:57:20.375
Seventeen universities
joined the national shutdown.

00:57:20.375 --> 00:57:22.792
University management
responded by pointing

00:57:22.792 --> 00:57:27.083
at declining state
funding for education.

00:57:27.083 --> 00:57:28.999
(yelling)

00:57:28.999 --> 00:57:31.667
Students in Cape Town
took this matter

00:57:31.667 --> 00:57:34.667
to the gates of parliament.

00:57:34.667 --> 00:57:41.125
♪

00:57:41.125 --> 00:57:43.000
(explosions)

00:57:43.000 --> 00:57:46.999
(indistinct yelling)

00:57:46.999 --> 00:57:49.250
(explosions)

00:57:49.250 --> 00:57:56.583
♪

00:57:56.583 --> 00:57:58.125
What do I have?

00:57:58.125 --> 00:57:59.792
What do I have?

00:57:59.792 --> 00:58:02.875
(indistinct yelling)

00:58:02.875 --> 00:58:40.417
♪

00:58:40.417 --> 00:58:42.792
The protests culminated
in a big march

00:58:42.792 --> 00:58:46.000
on the seat of government--
union buildings

00:58:46.000 --> 00:58:50.333
with students united
across the political spectrum.

00:58:50.333 --> 00:58:53.375
(chanting \"fees must fall\")

00:58:53.375 --> 00:59:02.750
♪

00:59:03.083 --> 00:59:07.250
Many were so angry about
the high cost of education,

00:59:07.250 --> 00:59:09.583
about inequality,
they were ready

00:59:09.583 --> 00:59:12.208
to take down
the union buildings

00:59:12.208 --> 00:59:15.041
with Zuma inside.

00:59:15.250 --> 00:59:18.583
The president had
planned to come out.

00:59:18.583 --> 00:59:22.667
(indistinct talking)

00:59:22.667 --> 00:59:26.750
But shaken by the united crowd
at his front wall,

00:59:26.750 --> 00:59:28.999
he stayed inside.

00:59:28.999 --> 00:59:31.625
(yelling)

00:59:31.625 --> 00:59:41.291
♪

00:59:41.291 --> 00:59:42.291
What he wanted to tell them

00:59:42.291 --> 00:59:46.959
was that there would be
no fee increase this year.

00:59:46.959 --> 00:59:48.875
For today, they had won.

00:59:48.875 --> 00:59:52.083
Not free education,
but they had forced the hand

00:59:52.083 --> 00:59:56.000
of a government that
seemed intransigent.

00:59:56.000 --> 00:59:58.959
(yelling)

01:00:02.500 --> 01:00:05.375
(indistinct talking)

01:00:06.875 --> 01:00:10.500
On the campuses,
one university after another

01:00:10.500 --> 01:00:12.500
began to cave in
to student demands

01:00:12.500 --> 01:00:15.999
on privatization,
announcing better pay

01:00:15.999 --> 01:00:19.166
and conditions
for campus workers.

01:00:19.166 --> 01:00:21.583
(cheering)

01:00:21.583 --> 01:00:26.959
♪

01:00:26.959 --> 01:00:29.959
The mood of defiance
sweeping across the country

01:00:29.959 --> 01:00:33.583
was even apparent within
the official opposition,

01:00:33.583 --> 01:00:35.333
the Democratic Alliance.

01:00:35.333 --> 01:00:37.750
On the streets,
the party\'s conservative,

01:00:37.750 --> 01:00:41.291
largely white
membership base was changing.

01:00:41.291 --> 01:00:44.000
The simple answer
that we get from Mr. Zuma

01:00:44.000 --> 01:00:47.959
to every single allegation
is simply this:

01:00:47.959 --> 01:00:48.999
\"It wasn\'t me.\"

01:00:48.999 --> 01:00:52.083
You see, when the Guptas
were landing at Waterkloof

01:00:52.083 --> 01:00:53.917
the answer was, \"It wasn\'t me.\"

01:00:53.917 --> 01:00:57.125
When the millions
were spent on Nkandla,

01:00:57.125 --> 01:00:58.500
\"It wasn\'t me.\"

01:00:58.500 --> 01:01:00.291
When there was
a failure to comply

01:01:00.291 --> 01:01:03.083
with the public
protector\'s report,

01:01:03.083 --> 01:01:04.917
\"It wasn\'t me.\"

01:01:04.917 --> 01:01:07.250
The party was
looking and sounding

01:01:07.250 --> 01:01:10.041
uncharacteristically militant.

01:01:10.041 --> 01:01:12.083
That said, the DA remains

01:01:12.083 --> 01:01:14.000
to the political
right of the ANC

01:01:14.000 --> 01:01:16.542
and firmly tied to
the economic status quo.

01:01:16.542 --> 01:01:22.291
In fact, when the Gupta brothers
were offering cabinet posts,

01:01:22.291 --> 01:01:24.166
\"It wasn\'t me.\"

01:01:24.166 --> 01:01:25.875
(indistinct singing)

01:01:25.875 --> 01:01:29.208
Malema enjoys labeling
the Democratic Alliance

01:01:29.208 --> 01:01:31.125
\"the party of white capital,\"

01:01:31.125 --> 01:01:34.542
so it was surprising
to see him unite with the DA

01:01:34.542 --> 01:01:37.625
in taking Zuma to
the Constitutional Court

01:01:37.625 --> 01:01:40.667
over his Nkandla homestead.

01:01:40.667 --> 01:01:44.500
This joint show of force
was a test of democracy.

01:01:44.500 --> 01:01:46.291
Had the president
and his ministers

01:01:46.291 --> 01:01:48.959
violated our hard-won
constitution

01:01:48.959 --> 01:01:51.375
by overriding
the public protector?

01:01:51.375 --> 01:01:56.792
And if so, shouldn\'t
they face the dire consequence?

01:01:56.792 --> 01:02:00.625
♪

01:02:00.625 --> 01:02:04.750
(whistling and yelling)

01:02:04.750 --> 01:02:25.458
♪

01:02:31.000 --> 01:02:33.792
A very important principle.

01:02:33.792 --> 01:02:37.417
One of the main reasons
why the EFF is here

01:02:37.417 --> 01:02:39.500
is to establish
once and for all

01:02:39.500 --> 01:02:43.125
that the public protector
may make binding orders.

01:02:43.125 --> 01:02:44.792
She has explained to you

01:02:44.792 --> 01:02:49.792
how the effectiveness
of her office

01:02:49.792 --> 01:02:51.166
has essentially collapsed

01:02:51.166 --> 01:02:53.375
since the president made
the point in parliament

01:02:53.375 --> 01:02:55.999
that her reports
are mere recommendations.

01:02:55.999 --> 01:03:02.333
We say that we except
that the president is required

01:03:02.333 --> 01:03:04.750
to carry out
the remedial action.

01:03:04.750 --> 01:03:09.041
We accept it\'s not
just a recommendation.

01:03:09.041 --> 01:03:12.083
She wanted certain things done,

01:03:12.083 --> 01:03:17.250
and the undertaking is that
those things should be done

01:03:17.250 --> 01:03:18.999
because they must be done.

01:03:18.999 --> 01:03:22.999
What is it that
has been asked for

01:03:22.999 --> 01:03:25.417
that you disagree with?

01:03:25.417 --> 01:03:27.959
(laughing)

01:03:29.291 --> 01:03:32.458
The remedial action taken
by the public protector

01:03:32.458 --> 01:03:37.083
against President
Jacob Gedleyihlekisa Zuma

01:03:37.083 --> 01:03:42.500
in terms of Section 182(1)(c)
of the Constitution is binding.

01:03:42.500 --> 01:03:46.875
The president thus failed
to uphold, defend,

01:03:46.875 --> 01:03:51.834
and respect the Constitution
as the supreme law of the land.

01:03:51.834 --> 01:03:53.667
(indistinct chatter)

01:03:53.667 --> 01:03:57.166
The president violated
the Constitution.

01:03:57.166 --> 01:04:00.250
By not implementing
the remedial actions

01:04:00.250 --> 01:04:01.583
of the public protector,

01:04:01.583 --> 01:04:04.208
which are binding
constitutionally,

01:04:04.208 --> 01:04:07.291
he violated the Constitution.

01:04:07.291 --> 01:04:14.709
♪

01:04:14.709 --> 01:04:17.250
After the Constitutional
Court judgment,

01:04:17.250 --> 01:04:21.709
there were loud calls
for Zuma to step down.

01:04:24.250 --> 01:04:26.166
What would be the next step?

01:04:26.166 --> 01:04:33.667
The ANC, if it is to recoup
part of its prestige,

01:04:33.667 --> 01:04:40.792
must say to itself, look,
this is the findings

01:04:40.792 --> 01:04:43.458
of the apex court
in the land,

01:04:43.458 --> 01:04:50.041
therefore we have
a parliament that--

01:04:50.041 --> 01:04:54.250
whose integrity has been
called into question,

01:04:54.250 --> 01:04:56.875
so how do you legitimize that?

01:04:56.875 --> 01:04:58.750
You go into an election.

01:04:58.750 --> 01:05:02.291
And since we are preparing
for local government elections

01:05:02.291 --> 01:05:08.208
where the ANC
should propose that,

01:05:08.208 --> 01:05:11.000
in fact, we should
include provincial

01:05:11.000 --> 01:05:13.667
and national government as well.

01:05:14.125 --> 01:05:17.250
The president is
not going to be removed

01:05:17.250 --> 01:05:21.083
by anybody from office.

01:05:23.250 --> 01:05:27.959
The Constitution of
the Republic of South Africa

01:05:27.959 --> 01:05:31.667
dictates that
he must do his duty

01:05:31.667 --> 01:05:32.500
for the next five years,

01:05:32.500 --> 01:05:37.125
and that\'s what is going
to happen in South Africa.

01:05:37.125 --> 01:05:38.250
(cheering)

01:05:38.250 --> 01:05:41.667
The powerful faction
that had tied itself to Zuma

01:05:41.667 --> 01:05:45.542
chose to back him,
whatever the cost.

01:05:45.542 --> 01:05:48.583
The local elections
were just months away,

01:05:48.583 --> 01:05:52.750
and the ANC needed
to appear united.

01:05:54.875 --> 01:05:56.625
The ANC can remain
a majority part

01:05:56.625 --> 01:06:00.500
in these local government
elections in 2016,

01:06:00.500 --> 01:06:04.917
but the biggest upset
is going to be losing

01:06:04.917 --> 01:06:07.542
just one of the metros.

01:06:07.542 --> 01:06:08.667
♪

01:06:08.667 --> 01:06:12.458
Rebellion, revolution,
counter movements,

01:06:12.458 --> 01:06:17.959
they always find cities
as the most fertile ground

01:06:17.959 --> 01:06:21.166
to mount challenges
to the status quo.

01:06:21.166 --> 01:06:25.291
There\'s already a conscientious
kind of populace

01:06:25.291 --> 01:06:27.417
residing in the city.

01:06:27.417 --> 01:06:40.250
♪

01:06:40.250 --> 01:06:42.667
The announcement
of ANC candidates

01:06:42.667 --> 01:06:45.709
sparked a spate of murders
across the country

01:06:45.709 --> 01:06:49.041
as we neared
the local elections.

01:06:49.458 --> 01:06:53.000
Tensions that have
long existed in the ANC

01:06:53.000 --> 01:06:54.291
reached boiling point.

01:06:54.291 --> 01:06:58.125
The fight over access
to state power and resources

01:06:58.125 --> 01:07:00.333
was being fought out
on the streets

01:07:00.333 --> 01:07:03.333
between competing factions.

01:07:03.333 --> 01:07:04.750
In the capital, Tshwane,

01:07:04.750 --> 01:07:06.999
the ANC imposed
a mayoral candidate

01:07:06.999 --> 01:07:12.000
on the local branches
and all hell broke loose.

01:07:12.000 --> 01:07:16.125
In the violence,
five people were killed.

01:07:16.125 --> 01:07:22.000
♪

01:07:22.000 --> 01:07:26.750
A crisis in the ANC
is an ANC crisis,

01:07:26.750 --> 01:07:31.999
and if, for example,
our electoral system

01:07:31.999 --> 01:07:36.083
operates as openly
and as fairly

01:07:36.083 --> 01:07:40.083
as it has been
doing up to now,

01:07:40.083 --> 01:07:43.458
the electorate
will vote the ANC out!

01:07:43.458 --> 01:07:46.458
And that is not a crisis
for South Africa,

01:07:46.458 --> 01:07:47.583
it\'s a crisis for the ANC,

01:07:47.583 --> 01:07:52.208
because they are now
deprived of the gravy train.

01:07:52.208 --> 01:07:54.959
(cheering)

01:07:54.959 --> 01:08:01.417
♪

01:08:23.709 --> 01:08:26.917
(cheering)

01:08:26.917 --> 01:08:46.041
♪

01:08:46.041 --> 01:08:50.083
ANC, ANC, ANC, ANC viva!

01:08:50.083 --> 01:08:52.208
Viva!

01:09:07.709 --> 01:09:19.959
♪

01:09:23.750 --> 01:09:28.000
♪

01:09:28.000 --> 01:09:31.583
A lot of the youth are
trying to make a change

01:09:31.583 --> 01:09:34.625
and wants a change
by actually being given

01:09:34.625 --> 01:09:38.917
a different, you know, option.

01:09:38.917 --> 01:09:58.250
♪

01:09:58.250 --> 01:09:59.875
As the results came in,

01:09:59.875 --> 01:10:03.083
all eyes were on the big metros.

01:10:03.083 --> 01:10:06.709
♪

01:10:06.709 --> 01:10:11.166
Would the ANC hold on
to their majority?

01:10:11.166 --> 01:10:13.667
We are 22 years into democracy,

01:10:13.667 --> 01:10:17.750
and it\'s the ANC that brought
democracy into our country.

01:10:17.750 --> 01:10:22.166
We are confident that,
come the last counting hour,

01:10:22.166 --> 01:10:24.999
we will emerge
victorious in Tshwane,

01:10:24.999 --> 01:10:27.458
in Johannesburg,
and Ekurhuleni.

01:10:27.458 --> 01:10:29.542
Instead, when
the results came in,

01:10:29.542 --> 01:10:32.083
they were devastating
for the ruling party,

01:10:32.083 --> 01:10:35.959
worse than any of us could
possibly have imagined.

01:10:35.959 --> 01:10:40.458
Nationally, the ANC had lost
eight percent of the vote.

01:10:40.458 --> 01:10:45.375
The party had lost power in
four of the five biggest cities.

01:10:45.375 --> 01:10:48.458
It had lost
the capital, Tshwane,

01:10:48.458 --> 01:10:49.792
as well as Johannesburg,

01:10:49.792 --> 01:10:53.792
the financial heartland
of the country.

01:10:53.792 --> 01:10:55.792
Maybe it\'s time to accept

01:10:55.792 --> 01:10:58.125
struggle credentials
from the past

01:10:58.125 --> 01:10:59.333
are no longer enough

01:10:59.333 --> 01:11:02.250
and people want action
in the present.

01:11:02.250 --> 01:11:04.208
Think of an ANC that is ruling,

01:11:04.208 --> 01:11:07.667
but the legislative seat
of parliament,

01:11:07.667 --> 01:11:11.333
which is Cape Town, is ruled
by an opposition party,

01:11:11.333 --> 01:11:14.083
and the executive seat,
which is Tshwane,

01:11:14.083 --> 01:11:16.125
will also be ruled
by an opposition party.

01:11:16.125 --> 01:11:18.667
That\'s not a place
you want to be

01:11:18.667 --> 01:11:19.792
If you want to portray yourself

01:11:19.792 --> 01:11:23.208
as being in charge
of the country.

01:11:23.834 --> 01:11:26.792
The big shock for me was
the Democratic Alliance

01:11:26.792 --> 01:11:29.875
increasing its share
of the black vote.

01:11:29.875 --> 01:11:31.667
It was neck and neck
with the ANC

01:11:31.667 --> 01:11:35.291
for the first time
in several cities.

01:11:35.291 --> 01:11:36.625
♪

01:11:36.625 --> 01:11:38.917
We\'ve done well,
now we\'ve gotta do more.

01:11:38.917 --> 01:11:39.959
Can we fix the pipes?

01:11:39.959 --> 01:11:41.166
Can we make sure
the sewages work?

01:11:41.166 --> 01:11:43.125
Can we make sure
jobs are created?

01:11:43.125 --> 01:11:44.208
Can we cut corruption?

01:11:44.208 --> 01:11:46.999
We deliver those things,
that\'s the focus.

01:11:46.999 --> 01:11:48.875
Don\'t let me down now.

01:11:48.875 --> 01:11:51.333
(indistinct talking)

01:11:51.333 --> 01:11:53.750
And because in
many municipalities

01:11:53.750 --> 01:11:55.291
there was no decisive winner,

01:11:55.291 --> 01:11:58.083
the EFF, the third
largest party,

01:11:58.083 --> 01:12:00.166
found itself in
a unique position

01:12:00.166 --> 01:12:01.125
of holding the deciding vote

01:12:01.125 --> 01:12:05.750
on practically every decision
the councils would have to make,

01:12:05.750 --> 01:12:10.917
including which of the two
main parties would lead.

01:12:10.917 --> 01:12:13.125
We\'ll vote for the opposition,

01:12:13.125 --> 01:12:17.792
because the ANC must
be removed from power.

01:12:17.792 --> 01:12:22.959
And this is the start
of removing the ANC from power.

01:12:22.959 --> 01:12:24.333
We can\'t be neutral.

01:12:24.333 --> 01:12:27.667
If we are neutral,
we\'re sellouts,

01:12:27.667 --> 01:12:28.291
we are cowards.

01:12:28.291 --> 01:12:31.333
It means we don\'t
want to take a stand.

01:12:31.333 --> 01:12:32.291
We\'ve taken a stand

01:12:32.291 --> 01:12:35.083
and we\'re going to vote
for the opposition.

01:12:35.083 --> 01:12:39.667
DA must know our voting
for them in this metro

01:12:39.667 --> 01:12:42.250
does not mean we\'re
in bed together.

01:12:42.250 --> 01:12:47.166
They are a better divan
compared to the ANC.

01:12:47.166 --> 01:12:50.000
♪

01:12:50.000 --> 01:12:51.999
There\'s been a seismic shift.

01:12:51.999 --> 01:12:54.417
We are now looking
at a completely new

01:12:54.417 --> 01:12:56.959
and exciting
political landscape

01:12:56.959 --> 01:12:59.709
where political leaders
are going to be judged

01:12:59.709 --> 01:13:02.041
on their actions.

01:13:02.500 --> 01:13:04.458
Whether the new
de facto coalitions

01:13:04.458 --> 01:13:09.333
in many municipalities will
take South Africa forward

01:13:09.333 --> 01:13:11.917
is yet to be seen.

01:13:12.959 --> 01:13:14.834
Democracy is a contest,

01:13:14.834 --> 01:13:17.333
and it\'s a perennial contest,

01:13:17.333 --> 01:13:19.625
and what we are seeing
in South Africa

01:13:19.625 --> 01:13:22.208
is that the power
of the ruling party

01:13:22.208 --> 01:13:26.333
is being contested,
and it will be contested

01:13:26.333 --> 01:13:29.792
more and more and more
as we go forward.

01:13:29.792 --> 01:13:30.999
There will be costs to it,

01:13:30.999 --> 01:13:34.500
but I don\'t think the other
players are going to give up.

01:13:34.500 --> 01:13:36.875
The media is not
going to give up,

01:13:36.875 --> 01:13:39.583
the judiciary is
not going to give up,

01:13:39.583 --> 01:13:44.375
the other political parties
are not going to give up.

01:13:44.375 --> 01:13:47.166
They are preparing
for a long haul.

01:13:47.166 --> 01:13:51.917
That next chapter is
not gonna be kind of

01:13:51.917 --> 01:13:56.458
built, shaped,
formed from the same mold

01:13:56.458 --> 01:13:57.999
as the activism of the party.

01:13:57.999 --> 01:14:03.500
It\'s different,
it\'s active, disruptive,

01:14:03.500 --> 01:14:09.667
and it doesn\'t show any respect
for the old forms of activism.

01:14:09.667 --> 01:14:12.458
They question,
and most importantly,

01:14:12.458 --> 01:14:14.583
they question Mandela himself.

01:14:14.583 --> 01:14:15.917
They question Zuma himself,

01:14:15.917 --> 01:14:17.500
they question all
of those things,

01:14:17.500 --> 01:14:21.083
and for me, that\'s
a profoundly useful way

01:14:21.083 --> 01:14:23.667
for the country to move
to the next level,

01:14:23.667 --> 01:14:27.542
because what\'s been
holding activism back

01:14:27.542 --> 01:14:29.750
is that that respect,

01:14:29.750 --> 01:14:34.291
that regular kind
of genuflection

01:14:34.291 --> 01:14:40.083
in front of this old kind
of stalwart of the revolution.

01:14:40.083 --> 01:14:46.875
♪

01:14:46.875 --> 01:14:48.250
What I\'ve come to realize

01:14:48.250 --> 01:14:50.667
is a new generation
of young activists

01:14:50.667 --> 01:14:55.458
have taken the center stage,
replacing my generation

01:14:55.458 --> 01:14:59.917
and its gradualist approach
to social change.

01:14:59.917 --> 01:15:03.375
It feels like they\'ve
managed to achieve more

01:15:03.375 --> 01:15:04.500
in the last two years

01:15:04.500 --> 01:15:08.917
than we have in
the past two decades,

01:15:08.917 --> 01:15:12.667
and they\'re not finished yet.

01:15:12.667 --> 01:15:49.834
♪

01:15:51.166 --> 01:17:00.375
♪