WEBVTT

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In 1970 I was a paratroopers
and Israeli army.

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Thousands of miles away.

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Salvador Allende had been
elected president of

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Chile on a platform calling
for a radical social reform.

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And came to power democratically
through an election.

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But in 1973 he was overthrown
in a brutal military coup

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only three weeks before I was mobilized
to fight in Israel\'s October war.

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Over the years for me these two
events have been telescoped into

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one INDs nonviolent struggle for social
change had been a vision of hope

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for young soldier like
myself spending his days

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in border patrols and
knights in endless ambushes

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INDs defeat only weeks before the
bloodbath of the October War was for

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me a realization there is vision
might have been a dream after all.

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And the power of the gun is what dictates

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Political realities

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sees then these Freedom
Fighters whose surveillance is

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their only option shade met political
outlook and that of much of my generation.

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As a journalist have tried to document

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the social forces that have dregs
societies into violent civil war

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But in the Peruvian highlands my belief that
violence was a necessary evil was shaken.

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Because here I saw guerrilla movement with

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a total disregard for the number of innocent
people murdered in the wake of its fight.

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Then afternoon besieged by
the wives and mothers of the

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disappeared was the beginning
of a person\'s search.

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Could check a virus wrote to
justice had been mistaken.

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Could Martin Luther King\'s
choice of nonviolence

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More than simply a moral option could
it be an effective political strategy

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as

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The basis of

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long while actually is

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People acting to remove the sources
of power of governments and tyrants.

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Removing their legitimacy removing their
economic strength removing the fear

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of their punishments
removing the reliability

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of their bureaucracies of their
police and their armies.

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And if you pull away those supports it\'s
like the pillars of the old temple.

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You pull away the pillars then there\'s nothing
left but the temple to come falling down

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President Salvador Allende was
overthrown in a bloody coup.

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In 1973 Chile became a dictatorship.

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History professor for non-dual Jaeger
was forced to leave Valparaiso.

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The city where he lived.

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After the coup I was suspended
from the University.

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But after two months at the end of 73 I
received a very clear threat that if I didn\'t

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present by his resignation I would suffer

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the same fate as five professors
who had been assassinated.

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Now Al Qaeda has returned on the eve of a

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and side on the continued rule
of dictator General Pinochet.

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When I left it was silent as
a cemetery many way hiding

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in those buildings over there I rescue
people who were hiding in closets.

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There were many people
hiding inside closets.

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There was a great sense of solitude
Pinochet and the pressure to legitimize

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his 15 years military dictatorship call for

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the plebiscite the people
have a clear choice.

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A yes vote would give the dictator
the legal right to unlimited power.

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And no vote would pave the way
for free elections later.

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Overnight the General
became smiling candidate.

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How then could opposition mobilize

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the voters to answer a dictator
through the ballot box.

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Mass demonstration is one-way.

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Professional yoga plan several demonstrations
across the country from the office

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of a coordinating organization for
the promotion of active nonviolence.

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Yet mass mobilization is only the
final phase in a political process

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which begins with treating the first
symptom of a dictatorship. Fear

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Mod technology indefinitely era would

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realize without Tao at that
what lurks in the soul of

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the people is the terror
that the dictatorship has

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injected through a series of
psycho-social mechanisms.

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And these mechanisms were
working on all of us.

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Well that was where we thought
of organizing the schools of

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nonviolence where we would apply a
psychosocial treatments to cure the fear

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What are the methods of injecting terror and
fear and the people for the solution will

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look into how fear could deduce as

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a protective emulsion and at the same
time as a forced to unite people.

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Fema canals is a graduate of the school
for active nonviolence. It differently.

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This is one Nieto when
he was two years old.

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And this is one liter in
one of his last photos.

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The same expression such a pretty thing.

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He was very beautiful.

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He is very beautiful
because he lives forever.

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He was detained and they never
admitted his detention.

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Or rather he remains in a
state of disappearance.

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But meanwhile our feelings
were buried inside.

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We didn\'t even allow ourselves
to cry or to complain.

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Nor did we want to recognize
what we were feeling what

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dropped me was an an a
spontaneous reaction of Fury.

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I did not feel hate.

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Rather I felt a rage.

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I felt terrible rage.

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Now that I look back I realize
that this rage was destroying me.

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Feel my schoolmates have
planed and carried out

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many nonviolent actions protesting the Human
Rights violations of Pinochet\'s regime.

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Then I realized that I could transform all
these feelings of fury in to another passion.

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That was the passion for peace.

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The force of my emotions
change into a force for peace.

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I want to participate because I
think that in some way when one is

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pregnant people notice you more and that\'s

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important especially today
when people have so much fear.

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It\'s one thing not to have fear and another
not to be carefully. There is a difference.

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There\'s always fear always.

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But there is so much enthusiasm for
the process that you in the process.

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The fear is lost before you begin
there is fear but afterwards No

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Monica for myself the only way
to know how much you have

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achieved his school is through
participation in concrete actions.

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Go to confront your fears.

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You confront the police repression and
the fanatic groups of the yes camp.

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And finally you confront your own fear.

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This is a clandestine movement
in a police state riddled

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with spicing formers security
is a constant concern.

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This telephone calls are the only link
between the plant event and the participants

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The demonstration is evaluated in
workshops and the participants

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carefully examined their behavior
towards the police and bystanders.

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What happened Father

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Yeah I guess in this phase
it is not that we have

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a doctrinal position absolutely
opposed to violence.

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We understand demos that at times there is
need to defend life even using violence.

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Thank you. She self-defense at
times requests acts of violence.

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Here in Chile receive that
violence is not the solution mass.

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Violence will create more pain.

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And will not be effective.

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We have an army an apparatus
of violence installer.

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It\'s not going to be possible
to destroy evenly to eat.

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In order to expand the experiences of these
small groups access to television was needed.

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But for 15 years television had been
under the firm control of the regime.

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This demonstration was called
to protest television silence.

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We discovered that television was
much more important navy that CNI

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telling keeping all the Chileans significant
quiet during all these 15 years.

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When Pinochet gave into the opposition\'s demand
for television time during the campaign.

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He made a crucial mistake.

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15 minutes a day TV time for

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the Opposition must have seemed
like a small concession to make.

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Considering the hours of
government broadcasts.

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It tried to show in television
input has not been shown for

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15 years and was very
surprising for most of

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the TV viewers in the country to see someone
who says that being that he\'s been tortured.

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We lost all our fright
after television started.

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See no DO seem Valencia seen near though.

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No mass. No tyrants.

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In extreme situations.

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Know that they depend for

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their existence on the continued
obedience and submission low population.

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And they know when the population is
no longer enthusiastic about them

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Last recourse that the tyrant has is
to instill fear into the population so

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they continue to submit

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then dozens and dozens of other cases of
lung violent struggle throughout the world.

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People have reached a
point at which something

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happening inside them
that they lost that fear.

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Then the police and
tortures and soldiers with

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machine guns no longer are able to
force the people back to obedience.

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The fear of them is dissolved

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And the last pillar of support of the
regime as well as for Palestinians.

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And for us Israelis the gun has
been a symbol of empowerment.

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We share the belief that it could change
history of humiliation and victimization.

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When I was 18 hunting
Palestinian guerrillas

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my fellow soldiers arrive
with the pride of a nation.

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The living symbol that we
Jews were no longer afraid.

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But 15 years later

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filming in the ruins of South Lebanon I saw

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this blind faith in the power of the gun
is costing Israel and the Palestinians.

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Under the realization that Palestine could
not be won back by the force of arms.

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The Intifada the uprising was born.

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Now young boys at a freedom fighters.

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Over 500 of them had been killed with stones
they challenged the heavily armed soldiers

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They have crossed the barrier of fear.

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He had always told me.

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If I don\'t die how do we expect to liberate
our land you should always expect such news

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Happy is to tell me not to be said.

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Don\'t you ever be said I
am like all the others.

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The Jews have killed so many of us.

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How do you expect me not
to go and not to die

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He was always filled with emotions
and he was driven all the time.

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He used to tell me this afternoon and
be happy don\'t be sad and don\'t cry.

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But I told him I am a mother.

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I cannot give up that easily

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A few months before yards best friend at
the moon was killed by Israeli soldiers.

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I\'m not afraid of such a thing.

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There is nothing I am afraid of.

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I have lost my dear as two friends.

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I think of following them and
becoming a martyr would like them.

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I expect such a thing for
myself at every moment.

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For there is nothing I\'m afraid

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of.

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The whole occupation

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Based on the concept of fear self-censorship
you\'re afraid of prison afraid of

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collaborators afraid of informers
afraid that you will not get

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permits that you will be your house will
be destroyed your livelihood cut off.

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You\'d be prevented from
traveling you will not

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be given any of the licenses
and permits you need.

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But when you can liberate yourself from
fear then you can in fact become free.

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And there is no greater freedom.

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And the freedom of a person who says
I\'m not afraid to die. Shoot me

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I came back to Manilla for the
second time shortly after

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the assassination of opposition
leader Benigno Aquino is

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special act of carriage had triggered

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a nonviolent campaign to rid the
country of dictator Ferdinand Marcos.

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Already citizens were openly
defined for the first time.

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Singing the freedom him by anchor
which was banned by markers.

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But in the mountains the New People\'s
Army the Communist guerrillas

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believed in their own version of freedom
the violent overthrow of markers.

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Compared to the gorillas didn\'t violent
opposition seemed to me naive and even childish.

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They had a strong symbol the margin Aquino.

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But I doubt if they could overthrow a
dictator with jogging runs like this

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one from a kilos birthplace to the
airport where he was assassinated.

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How do you bring Brown and previous
dictatorship was jogging Filipinos die.

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Jogging is only one of the other moons
later but we will tell you our secrets.

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After we bring down the dictatorship

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I\'m violently then we
tell you how to do it.

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So that all other countries do not
have to go through bloodshed.

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Actually what you want to
do what its job is to get

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people to participate in something
that\'s very common to them.

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And with this kind of participation then
you get to awaken people to the issues.

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And that\'s when step number two
which was talking about comes in

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It\'s a matter of really
mobilizing the citizens first.

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Showing that I\'m struggling
for freedom and democracy.

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But do you think that running will
help freedom and democracy and yes

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if you show your participation
you just want to be gone dead.

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And so if Marcus sees that a whole lot
of people are running even if it\'s just

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running which is the peaceful form of protest
that I know that we will be counting

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By the way

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the Kinsey annual lack

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after 15 years the stick and now be occupied
by the people and we don\'t have to hide.

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If we want to express our ideas.

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Clear. I think that this demonstration is the
best evidence that we have lost our fear.

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We thought we were going to have
to do this in a clandestine way.

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But now we see that it has been
possible to go out into the streets.

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And I think that this reinforces our
courage to confront the dictatorship

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I think that this is Chile.

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The other is a chapter that was the time.

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We will leave behind us.

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Just as in the Philippines deposition in
Chile was greatly helped by unifying symbol.

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Pinochet could have never imagined that
by giving the opposition the word know.

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He had given them a rallying cry.

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Thus creating a vehicle for
popular participation.

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The process of political awakening
which began with the individual

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confronting his own fear had
reached its critical mass.

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But on the West Bank there are no people in

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the streets in massive demonstration
of public opposition.

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It is not allowed the
funerals for those killed by

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Israeli soldiers have become the
only expression of discontent

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that is sometimes tolerated
in dates or who we had lived.

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All shops close at lunchtime is part of

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the commercial strike order by
the leadership of the uprising.

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The Intifada leadership dictates all facets
of village life working entirely underground.

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The leaders communicate with the
people through leaflets which are

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distributed at night or read over
the loudspeakers in mosques.

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Yards from school have been occupied by the
military but classes take place illegally.

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If arrested teachers face long jail terms.

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Many families in Bateson who keep
chickens and rabbits in the basement.

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The prolonged curfews often make
it impossible to shop for food.

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Of mass protests banned the range
has to find some outlet to stone

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the throne leading to
violent confrontations with

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the Israeli army and to the
martyrdom of young boys.

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Well in the beginning I feel that a lot of

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people are seeing the stones and the
violent act as this is the Intifada.

00:24:15.215 --> 00:24:20.299
And I was very excited about
the everybody is resisting.

00:24:20.300 --> 00:24:23.359
And the stone was part of that resistance.

00:24:23.360 --> 00:24:24.994
And I was very happy with that.

00:24:24.995 --> 00:24:28.999
But after seeing that the Stones
becoming used as the gun then I would

00:24:29.000 --> 00:24:33.169
say that a wrong approach and
we have to find another symbol.

00:24:33.170 --> 00:24:35.868
And now I\'m looking for another
symbol that the Palestinians

00:24:35.869 --> 00:24:39.510
would use will be powerful like the stones.

00:24:40.750 --> 00:24:45.918
Yard here second from left at his
sister\'s wedding only months before

00:24:45.919 --> 00:24:51.244
his death for him and his village
stones have become more than a symbol.

00:24:51.245 --> 00:24:54.274
They have shaped their entire generation.

00:24:54.275 --> 00:25:00.994
Yet who was born under occupation raised on
stories of martyrdom and self-sacrifice.

00:25:00.995 --> 00:25:03.364
What is best friend was killed.

00:25:03.365 --> 00:25:06.479
How was he to express his rage

00:25:09.430 --> 00:25:12.919
These photos are now
pasted on walls throughout

00:25:12.920 --> 00:25:17.224
the village as well as graffiti
detailing his martyrdom.

00:25:17.225 --> 00:25:22.230
In the place where he was
killed arose was planted.

00:25:23.890 --> 00:25:29.464
I know he\'s a relative and something
like that to happen is saddening.

00:25:29.465 --> 00:25:35.554
And the other hand it is a human being with
a stone versus a soldier with a bullet.

00:25:35.555 --> 00:25:38.719
We are proud of that stone
that was thrown because

00:25:38.720 --> 00:25:41.508
due to that stone There was
a lot of martyrdom and

00:25:41.509 --> 00:25:45.064
the West Bank even if a
stone is going to drag

00:25:45.065 --> 00:25:50.449
behind it as 1000 Marty\'s
we are proud of all this

00:25:50.450 --> 00:25:54.649
Now there are reasons why the
Palestinians have used stone.

00:25:54.650 --> 00:26:00.408
It isn\'t easy means of expression
to vent the fury for all of

00:26:00.409 --> 00:26:03.168
the terrible things that have

00:26:03.169 --> 00:26:07.549
happened to the Palestinians
over the past 40 years and more.

00:26:07.550 --> 00:26:10.188
But the question is could

00:26:10.189 --> 00:26:17.689
that same indignation have been expressed
in some other way that both would have cost

00:26:17.690 --> 00:26:23.298
fewer Palestinian Lives and would
have had a greater impact upon

00:26:23.299 --> 00:26:26.539
Israeli society and the reliability of

00:26:26.540 --> 00:26:31.504
the Israeli army that the
whole Palestinian Intifada

00:26:31.505 --> 00:26:36.903
Should experiment experiment I say with

00:26:36.904 --> 00:26:44.904
abandoning even the stove the thrones
stone throwing and the molotov cocktail

00:26:45.694 --> 00:26:52.980
One example of that which I think was
very useful during Independence Day.

00:26:57.370 --> 00:27:02.659
The Palestinians deliberately
avoided confrontations with

00:27:02.660 --> 00:27:07.909
the soldiers and made the major
expression of struggle on

00:27:07.910 --> 00:27:11.599
that day balloons and fire crackers

00:27:11.600 --> 00:27:18.810
and expressions of happiness celebration
and bringing the church bells.

00:27:22.330 --> 00:27:28.113
Maybe that will get through to
some of those real soldiers

00:27:28.114 --> 00:27:31.023
Frankly I don\'t know if it will

00:27:31.024 --> 00:27:35.494
the response of the Israelis
initially might be more deaths.

00:27:35.495 --> 00:27:40.699
Because the absence of the violence
is politically more threatening.

00:27:40.700 --> 00:27:44.419
And it\'s harder for the soldiers
to respond to my goodness.

00:27:44.420 --> 00:27:47.959
How do we do now they\'re not even throwing
stones at us but we\'re supposed to be

00:27:47.960 --> 00:27:52.879
controlling the situation and our officers
will be down on us if we doubled.

00:27:52.880 --> 00:28:00.880
But that risk of greater brutalities by the
Israelis is likely to be a temporary bond.

00:28:01.280 --> 00:28:04.549
And it\'s likely to move the conflict into

00:28:04.550 --> 00:28:08.508
a situation in which fewer
Palestinian lives are lost

00:28:08.509 --> 00:28:14.718
Greater device sickness spread in Israeli
society and the Israeli soldiers

00:28:14.719 --> 00:28:21.049
themselves become more unreliable in
even walk out and say we don\'t beat.

00:28:21.050 --> 00:28:22.294
We don\'t break bones.

00:28:22.295 --> 00:28:27.030
We don\'t shoot people who were
not even thrown stones happens.

00:28:32.860 --> 00:28:36.754
And was initiated into an elite army unit

00:28:36.755 --> 00:28:40.920
at a swearing in ceremony in
front of the wailing wall.

00:28:43.690 --> 00:28:48.799
Just like these soldiers I was
given a rifle in the Bible.

00:28:48.800 --> 00:28:51.439
The message was part of a national

00:28:51.440 --> 00:28:55.429
The gun was to be used
only for self-defense.

00:28:55.430 --> 00:28:58.789
Killing civilians was not
part of the contract.

00:28:58.790 --> 00:29:01.290
We seal with the Bible.

00:29:09.160 --> 00:29:13.834
Due to palmar joined the
army the same time I did.

00:29:13.835 --> 00:29:20.044
Today he is a member of a kibbutz.
This is me.

00:29:20.045 --> 00:29:23.269
This is me and this is dubious.

00:29:23.270 --> 00:29:26.974
He was a very good friend of mine
and he was killed in action.

00:29:26.975 --> 00:29:33.214
In the village of her Mom I think I don\'t
even remember where he was killed.

00:29:33.215 --> 00:29:37.428
In the War of Lebanon I simply
had it via understood in

00:29:37.429 --> 00:29:42.484
a very clear and undeniable way that
I am responsible for whatever I do.

00:29:42.485 --> 00:29:45.889
I am the one who acts and any
form of taking cover and

00:29:45.890 --> 00:29:50.044
an order is just one more step
towards saying I didn\'t do it.

00:29:50.045 --> 00:29:52.849
I was not responsible for my actions.

00:29:52.850 --> 00:29:56.550
I was just a small screw
within a larger machine.

00:30:00.220 --> 00:30:04.219
Do though is a reserve
soldier in an elite unit.

00:30:04.220 --> 00:30:07.999
He has served to jail
terms 35 days each for

00:30:08.000 --> 00:30:12.649
refusing to serve during the war
in Lebanon and on the West Bank

00:30:12.650 --> 00:30:16.908
I think that drafting a
soldier like me who was fully

00:30:16.909 --> 00:30:20.509
trained and ready to defend his
country and even to kill for it.

00:30:20.510 --> 00:30:26.809
And then using these skills against civilians
were not only defenseless but also without

00:30:26.810 --> 00:30:33.964
rights is first of all simply not moral
as the British say it isn\'t fair.

00:30:33.965 --> 00:30:40.308
And secondly you just can\'t go once a year
for 60 days and be a policeman for women and

00:30:40.309 --> 00:30:43.548
children and old people
and live in a doubts

00:30:43.549 --> 00:30:47.404
were not interested in my
presence and don\'t want me.

00:30:47.405 --> 00:30:51.719
And I have no business being
there because it is my country

00:30:57.610 --> 00:31:02.719
I remember the sounds the crackling
of the communication system

00:31:02.720 --> 00:31:08.014
and the sites and occupy town in
Gaza through the barrel of a gun.

00:31:08.015 --> 00:31:11.808
Now almost 20 years later I\'m standing on

00:31:11.809 --> 00:31:16.894
an armored truck filming surrounded
by reserve soldiers my age.

00:31:16.895 --> 00:31:20.850
It feels like coming back
to the scene of a crime.

00:31:21.760 --> 00:31:28.098
So tell me when are you leaving
on Wednesday Are you waiting

00:31:28.099 --> 00:31:36.099
impatiently No I\'m not waiting for it impatiently
but it will be better not to be here

00:31:36.289 --> 00:31:41.944
Why it\'s not pleasant doing
his job not pleasant.

00:31:41.945 --> 00:31:47.280
And we\'re civilians after all and
issues that were not police Minister.

00:31:53.680 --> 00:31:57.199
We no longer have the luxury to play games.

00:31:57.200 --> 00:31:59.809
Each of us has to take
up some kind of a stamp.

00:31:59.810 --> 00:32:03.784
I no longer cry about how bad the
situation in the territories.

00:32:03.785 --> 00:32:05.928
I don\'t take part in what is done in

00:32:05.929 --> 00:32:10.080
a territory and then later
go and protest against it.

00:32:10.630 --> 00:32:18.484
What choice do you have I don\'t include
your question in my list of priorities.

00:32:18.485 --> 00:32:24.049
I\'m faced with a much more pressing reality
in which I am expected by you to be

00:32:24.050 --> 00:32:26.898
a human occupier and by
somebody else to go to

00:32:26.899 --> 00:32:31.129
the occupied territories to beat
women on the head with clubs.

00:32:31.130 --> 00:32:34.579
I\'m the one who was torn between
these conflicting demands.

00:32:34.580 --> 00:32:38.449
That\'s why I\'m also the one
to decide not to do them.

00:32:38.450 --> 00:32:42.274
The decision to say yes or no is mine.

00:32:42.275 --> 00:32:45.270
And I choose to say no.

00:32:45.910 --> 00:32:50.634
Gabe\'s goof guarded.

00:32:50.635 --> 00:32:54.919
If such a group should
materialize of soldiers and

00:32:54.920 --> 00:32:58.578
youth which will state
that they are willing and

00:32:58.579 --> 00:33:00.679
committed to wholeheartedly serving

00:33:00.680 --> 00:33:05.524
the Israeli armed forces but refused
to be pardoned to the acts of

00:33:05.525 --> 00:33:13.525
horror which are an integral part not to
be separated from the occupation policy.

00:33:13.910 --> 00:33:18.064
Caboose mitigate against
something like this.

00:33:18.065 --> 00:33:24.649
The government and first of all the
military government is completely helpless.

00:33:24.650 --> 00:33:28.264
There is absolutely nothing. It can do.

00:33:28.265 --> 00:33:34.879
You cannot put on trial 500 soldiers which
refuse to serve in the occupied territories.

00:33:34.880 --> 00:33:38.779
If you don\'t put them
on trial it would mean

00:33:38.780 --> 00:33:43.218
the beginning of the weakening
and this integration of

00:33:43.219 --> 00:33:47.779
the Israeli defense forces
to prevent this from

00:33:47.780 --> 00:33:54.299
happening it will be essential to change
the line of the occupation policy

00:34:27.040 --> 00:34:35.040
Just as the fear of punishments is
a strong support of the system.

00:34:38.090 --> 00:34:45.079
So the the army and
paramilitary units serving

00:34:45.080 --> 00:34:52.649
their regime are a potential
target of resistance

00:34:52.650 --> 00:35:00.650
By the population three

00:35:01.990 --> 00:35:04.089
years ago these women part

00:35:04.090 --> 00:35:07.658
of accretion based community
in Islam of Manila walk

00:35:07.659 --> 00:35:12.564
this avenue to the army camp Aguinaldo
More than ten kilometers away.

00:35:12.565 --> 00:35:16.269
Like thousands of other
Filipinos they were responding

00:35:16.270 --> 00:35:19.628
to cause from religious leaders
to put their bodies on

00:35:19.629 --> 00:35:23.859
the line and protect a group of
rebelling soldiers headed by

00:35:23.860 --> 00:35:29.090
former Defense Minister pons and
relay in general Fidel Ramos

00:35:35.530 --> 00:35:42.570
At the avenue of eta they confronted the
troops stay loyal to President Marcos.

00:35:45.010 --> 00:35:49.080
Thus began to Filipino revolution.

00:35:51.910 --> 00:35:55.624
Came here because we love our nation.

00:35:55.625 --> 00:36:03.625
That\'s why we were here in ads do unite in
order to protect citizens like general Ramos.

00:36:04.130 --> 00:36:12.130
Ramon Ramon. The citizens wanted to break down
the barrier between them and the soldiers.

00:36:12.200 --> 00:36:14.580
They were all the people.

00:36:17.680 --> 00:36:19.894
We talked to them.

00:36:19.895 --> 00:36:21.724
Some soldiers came out.

00:36:21.725 --> 00:36:24.859
We boosted their confidence that
they are not alone but with

00:36:24.860 --> 00:36:29.419
us any advance of the enemy couldn\'t
be done through the people.

00:36:29.420 --> 00:36:32.928
We were trying to avoid the
bloody confrontation between

00:36:32.929 --> 00:36:37.560
military and military
Filipinos and Filipinos.

00:36:42.310 --> 00:36:50.310
Not bad but the military was
divided into two factions.

00:36:50.735 --> 00:36:54.199
The civilians had to be the ones
to place themselves between

00:36:54.200 --> 00:36:59.718
the soldiers in order to avoid bloodshed
so that soldiers did not fire

00:36:59.719 --> 00:37:06.960
Because they saw among civilians
their brothers fathers and children.

00:37:10.420 --> 00:37:16.668
Violent confrontations between soldiers and
protesters occurred sporadically but in

00:37:16.669 --> 00:37:19.699
most cases other citizens put themselves

00:37:19.700 --> 00:37:23.910
between the two groups to
prevent further violence.

00:37:26.350 --> 00:37:32.194
The dictator hesitated to open
fire would mean a bloody massacre.

00:37:32.195 --> 00:37:35.059
But with every passing hour the people got

00:37:35.060 --> 00:37:39.529
stronger and more soldiers defected
to the probe correspond Aquino cam.

00:37:39.530 --> 00:37:41.748
It tanks retreated

00:37:41.749 --> 00:37:46.743
And we realized that the weep
weapons that are poor in

00:37:46.744 --> 00:37:49.549
social change is it
really the fact that they

00:37:49.550 --> 00:37:53.944
are powerless how to
make that powerlessness.

00:37:53.945 --> 00:37:56.599
The weapon.

00:37:56.600 --> 00:37:59.250
That was a question we get asked me.

00:38:04.150 --> 00:38:07.639
Whether this was part of
the thinking I don\'t know.

00:38:07.640 --> 00:38:10.204
But the fact that they
came to the conclusion

00:38:10.205 --> 00:38:12.709
their their strength was in

00:38:12.710 --> 00:38:18.844
their face and their ability than their
ability to do that to armed groups.

00:38:18.845 --> 00:38:26.400
I think they hit something which he said
that the heart of the nonviolent approach.

00:38:28.420 --> 00:38:36.420
Could you tell us what\'s happening on the
microbiome better what\'s happening what\'s

00:38:37.550 --> 00:38:42.258
happening there is

00:38:42.259 --> 00:38:49.930
over the Filipino people.

00:39:03.630 --> 00:39:05.999
But

00:39:25.520 --> 00:39:27.699
I

00:39:29.890 --> 00:39:32.359
Had a recurring dream

00:39:32.360 --> 00:39:35.073
in which I witnessed an
extraordinary meeting

00:39:35.074 --> 00:39:37.218
Between Martin Luther King and Che

00:39:37.219 --> 00:39:42.124
Guevara they examined the state
of the world since that death.

00:39:42.125 --> 00:39:47.539
King points to the dozens of countries which
have fought and won on valence struggles.

00:39:47.540 --> 00:39:49.744
He passionately concludes.

00:39:49.745 --> 00:39:52.998
We are approaching the day
when my dream will become

00:39:52.999 --> 00:39:58.639
a universal reality yes
chair replies defensively.

00:39:58.640 --> 00:40:04.804
Your way may have worked in getting rid of
a dictator and achieved some civil rights.

00:40:04.805 --> 00:40:08.700
But did it improve the
welfare of the masses.

00:40:09.190 --> 00:40:11.524
And is a feared.

00:40:11.525 --> 00:40:15.210
He used the Philippines
as his prime example

00:40:18.790 --> 00:40:25.204
He couldn\'t have found a better metaphor
then Smoky Mountain Mandela\'s garbage dump.

00:40:25.205 --> 00:40:29.599
When a site for the first
time in 1983 dozens

00:40:29.600 --> 00:40:34.680
of people waited through the garbage
searching for something to sell.

00:40:39.700 --> 00:40:47.460
Today they\'re hordes of scavengers on an
ever-expanding reads. You have garbage

00:40:58.420 --> 00:41:03.060
The violence or the words
nonviolent struggle.

00:41:03.520 --> 00:41:11.520
Miracle Channel by uttering
those words or acting on them.

00:41:12.245 --> 00:41:20.245
For a few days doesn\'t transform
or society permanently.

00:41:24.460 --> 00:41:28.998
At the corner of the avenue of
eta and national shrine was

00:41:28.999 --> 00:41:33.034
built to commemorate the spot
where people stop the tanks.

00:41:33.035 --> 00:41:38.284
But a 30-foot high statue of the
Virgin Mary is now overpowered.

00:41:38.285 --> 00:41:41.009
By monumental shopping mall

00:41:45.010 --> 00:41:51.364
My expectations refer peace and
equality that there will be no rich.

00:41:51.365 --> 00:41:56.074
No poor that we can eat three times a day.

00:41:56.075 --> 00:42:03.259
But what happened those in power did
not create laws to help the poor.

00:42:03.260 --> 00:42:08.538
In my opinion the law is that
of the gun that should not

00:42:08.539 --> 00:42:10.350
have happened.

00:42:18.350 --> 00:42:20.950
Strategy for

00:42:21.580 --> 00:42:26.179
The same strategy that operated that.

00:42:26.180 --> 00:42:28.924
We talk about people power then.

00:42:28.925 --> 00:42:32.373
Now the whole effort now after essays to

00:42:32.374 --> 00:42:38.374
institutionalize what flared up a dead
zone what we called people power.

00:42:38.375 --> 00:42:40.999
And to begin to bring
this all the way down to

00:42:41.000 --> 00:42:45.484
the village level where people
will begin to assert their power.

00:42:45.485 --> 00:42:47.239
You talk about graft and corruption.

00:42:47.240 --> 00:42:48.409
We talk about the buyer lens.

00:42:48.410 --> 00:42:52.399
We talk about injustices who are going
to who\'s going to correct all that

00:42:52.400 --> 00:42:58.229
and the more we go into this problem of socially
form we see that it has to be the people

00:43:14.560 --> 00:43:22.560
What about base group Rappaport has sustained
Lamborghini we must have representation

00:43:24.754 --> 00:43:30.108
all the base groups around the country must
have a representation in order for them

00:43:30.109 --> 00:43:32.239
to know the sentiments of the poor people

00:43:32.240 --> 00:43:35.419
the precedent does not hear
the voices from the masses.

00:43:35.420 --> 00:43:37.984
She\'s isolated from the poor people.

00:43:37.985 --> 00:43:42.244
She is isolated from these voices
by the people who surround her.

00:43:42.245 --> 00:43:46.729
If anybody who sits in power and
does not relate to his people

00:43:46.730 --> 00:43:51.919
The Philippines will vanish and there
will be no peace and prosperity.

00:43:51.920 --> 00:43:54.900
There will be no change.

00:43:59.470 --> 00:44:04.579
I see the challenge to this form
of popular nonviolent organizing.

00:44:04.580 --> 00:44:07.774
When I go and visit a
guerrilla movement again.

00:44:07.775 --> 00:44:12.709
The Filipino revolution did not
deter the New People\'s Army from

00:44:12.710 --> 00:44:18.120
its commitment to the violent overthrow
of the existing social order.

00:44:21.250 --> 00:44:26.988
Regime is already not very
different from the old one

00:44:26.989 --> 00:44:31.549
Even in terms of fascist repression
of the people this makes it very

00:44:31.550 --> 00:44:37.530
clear that that people simply
cannot put down their arms.

00:44:49.240 --> 00:44:54.019
We see this is why we are
waging is as a gene when

00:44:54.020 --> 00:44:58.978
a true People\'s War during
in a way you could say

00:44:58.979 --> 00:45:03.454
that we consider every
every everybody being

00:45:03.455 --> 00:45:09.629
a soldier say every village being
itself a fondness for the evolution

00:45:12.970 --> 00:45:16.203
The army and the gorillas have fought

00:45:16.204 --> 00:45:19.414
bitterly for the hearts and
minds of the population.

00:45:19.415 --> 00:45:23.029
But here high up in the
mountains in a ton of

00:45:23.030 --> 00:45:28.594
Sagrada the people blamed both armed
groups of committing atrocities.

00:45:28.595 --> 00:45:32.928
The people have withdrawn their
hearts and minds from the army and

00:45:32.929 --> 00:45:38.820
the gorillas and demanded to
establish their town is a disown.

00:45:40.660 --> 00:45:48.330
What do you think is the power of unarmed
people to influence to armed group.

00:45:48.850 --> 00:45:51.359
It\'s a real power.

00:45:51.360 --> 00:45:53.454
I believe it\'s a real power.

00:45:53.455 --> 00:45:55.569
We can look at the big incident

00:45:55.570 --> 00:45:57.809
which happened here in the
Philippines the Edsel evolution.

00:45:57.810 --> 00:46:02.034
That is plain people against tanks
and cannons and everything.

00:46:02.035 --> 00:46:10.035
And what happened people
power propelled home.

00:46:11.920 --> 00:46:16.448
Will these people rule or something like

00:46:16.449 --> 00:46:21.489
that no if the NPS do not
adhere to people\'s demands.

00:46:21.490 --> 00:46:25.688
But if they gave What if they
win Hummel The rule Soviet

00:46:25.689 --> 00:46:33.689
GFP especially with Dave\'s b we have
to accept that it is the civilians

00:46:33.989 --> 00:46:39.034
Will contribute to the salaries of
these people in terms of taxes.

00:46:39.035 --> 00:46:44.280
So what if they all of the people here
would say we\'ll stop paying taxes.

00:46:54.140 --> 00:46:59.418
Debate between those who seek to

00:46:59.419 --> 00:47:05.058
explore new ways or strategies
for the popular movements and

00:47:05.059 --> 00:47:08.809
those who stick to the
orthodoxy of an IOC share of

00:47:08.810 --> 00:47:16.810
state power boils down to a concept
of the type of society that we want

00:47:17.110 --> 00:47:25.110
In a sense the revolutionary
movement is working within

00:47:25.429 --> 00:47:28.834
a very Western orthodoxy that sees

00:47:28.835 --> 00:47:34.429
society thoroughly and comprehensively
governed by the state.

00:47:34.430 --> 00:47:38.944
So that if changes are darker in society

00:47:38.945 --> 00:47:43.819
there must be a seizure a formal
direct seizure of state power.

00:47:43.820 --> 00:47:48.753
There is no historical precedent
no material basis for believing

00:47:48.754 --> 00:47:54.499
that any nonviolent movement will
succeed in changing the society.

00:47:54.500 --> 00:47:58.249
There were no historical
precedents for going to the moon

00:47:58.250 --> 00:48:02.599
It\'s a technological thing but the
idea that one could deliberately

00:48:02.600 --> 00:48:08.464
mobilized human capacity and solve technological
problems in order to accomplish that.

00:48:08.465 --> 00:48:11.749
People never worried that
nobody ever done that before.

00:48:11.750 --> 00:48:13.969
You say why should we in terms of

00:48:13.970 --> 00:48:18.948
human relationships where we
potentially have more control and

00:48:18.949 --> 00:48:23.298
more experience directly assumed that were

00:48:23.299 --> 00:48:28.369
incapable of moving beyond
the historical experience

00:48:28.370 --> 00:48:33.684
Historical accomplishments in the past
they have done that history of warfare.

00:48:33.685 --> 00:48:36.439
There was a time there were no cannons.

00:48:36.440 --> 00:48:38.929
People didn\'t reject the
idea of calories on

00:48:38.930 --> 00:48:42.274
the grounds that bows and arrows and
swords that always been adequate

00:48:42.275 --> 00:48:45.828
and we never got to Leon bat y with

00:48:45.829 --> 00:48:51.739
the important but limited
experience in nonviolent struggle.

00:48:51.740 --> 00:48:57.724
Should people will assume that we\'ve gone as
far with that type of struggle as possible.

00:48:57.725 --> 00:49:00.210
It doesn\'t make sense.

00:49:28.960 --> 00:49:31.210
Lamarckian.

00:49:38.180 --> 00:49:40.639
Diego moves allele lending.

00:49:40.640 --> 00:49:43.489
We hope that one day there
will be a big money even

00:49:43.490 --> 00:49:46.489
here in the center of a sprawling
gardens which are flooded

00:49:46.490 --> 00:49:52.833
with Manolis flowers and birds
which are the lucky and is named

00:49:52.834 --> 00:49:58.369
Yes I sname written clearly Marina
candy Steinway like it is now.

00:49:58.370 --> 00:50:02.944
There will be a beautiful term
Stan and on will be written.

00:50:02.945 --> 00:50:07.170
Here lies a man who die
in defense of the people.

00:50:14.590 --> 00:50:20.569
Over the nine years I filmed a violence which
accompanies political and social upheaval.

00:50:20.570 --> 00:50:23.434
I remember most vividly the funerals.

00:50:23.435 --> 00:50:25.309
It is indies funerals.

00:50:25.310 --> 00:50:29.764
I feel it cycles of violence
are born and reborn.

00:50:29.765 --> 00:50:34.129
It is these personal memories of
the past that shape and limit

00:50:34.130 --> 00:50:38.328
the collective future of a nation
from Chile to the highlands of

00:50:38.329 --> 00:50:43.339
Guatemala to a coup in Peru I could
see her memories of brutality and

00:50:43.340 --> 00:50:49.890
injustice are passing through the silence
of the dead from one generation to another.

00:50:55.450 --> 00:51:01.534
In the Philippines and new memory was
born within four days in February.

00:51:01.535 --> 00:51:06.094
People stopped the tanks leading
to the downfall of a dictator.

00:51:06.095 --> 00:51:12.153
These images traveled by television to Chile
where they have the victory in the polls

00:51:12.154 --> 00:51:17.520
we\'re trying to engage the police
in a dialogue to avoid violence.

00:51:24.760 --> 00:51:29.328
A year later these images
influence Chinese students and

00:51:29.329 --> 00:51:33.664
workers who for three weeks while
the government troops and vague.

00:51:33.665 --> 00:51:35.673
And maybe it was the memory of

00:51:35.674 --> 00:51:39.874
these peaceful demonstrations and
not the massacre that follow them.

00:51:39.875 --> 00:51:44.494
That empowered alone citizen
to face a column of tanks.

00:51:44.495 --> 00:51:47.839
As this image was beamed across the world.

00:51:47.840 --> 00:51:49.159
It became part of

00:51:49.160 --> 00:51:54.648
our collective memory out of which the
political strategy for the future

00:51:54.649 --> 00:51:57.149
Mike yet to be born