00:01:05.648 --> 00:01:07.317
My son, my little man

00:01:07.317 --> 00:01:09.069
today received the punishment of your father

00:01:09.069 --> 00:01:13.073
In the future you will only receive your own punishment

00:01:13.073 --> 00:01:17.035
Remember this day for your whole life as an adult man

00:01:17.619 --> 00:01:20.747
Remember all the teachings of your father

00:01:21.414 --> 00:01:24.709
to improve your way through this world.

00:01:25.126 --> 00:01:27.837
You already have my blessing

00:01:28.671 --> 00:01:30.632
earn you from God.

00:01:40.391 --> 00:01:43.603
It all started in a way if you want “casual”

00:01:44.354 --> 00:01:47.315
But casualities doesn´t exist, they are “causalities”.

00:01:48.024 --> 00:01:53.196
I met a woman who was a friend of my brother,

00:01:54.030 --> 00:01:56.533
He introduced me to her wife

00:01:56.533 --> 00:02:01.204
as a brother who speaks the language Chaná.

00:02:01.204 --> 00:02:05.375
And the lady said, "How he will speak the language

00:02:05.375 --> 00:02:07.585
if there are no less Chanás and language neither"

00:02:07.585 --> 00:02:12.757
And he said, “yes, he spoke Chaná with me.”

00:02:12.757 --> 00:02:17.887
So she said, “Well, as you are Chaná come on Sunday

00:02:17.887 --> 00:02:21.599
that we have an event in the theater with students.”

00:02:22.725 --> 00:02:28.940
“Don Jaime will tell you how Chanás kids used to leave”,

00:02:28.940 --> 00:02:33.236
For the first time in my life
I spoke Chaná in public

00:02:33.486 --> 00:02:37.615
Then appeared another journalist and from then on,

00:02:37.615 --> 00:02:41.202
I do not stopped anymore.

00:02:41.202 --> 00:02:42.704
Then appears the journalist Fiorotto at home

00:02:42.704 --> 00:02:44.205
“Blas Jaime in the natives day ”

00:02:44.205 --> 00:02:47.167
I'm sitting with all the students

00:02:47.750 --> 00:02:49.252
They sit in the class room on the floor,

00:02:49.252 --> 00:02:51.754
sometimes hundred and I talk.

00:02:54.507 --> 00:02:56.092
Since I'm the only one…

00:03:12.275 --> 00:03:19.782
The official history told  us that Chanás was a Sudamerican extinguished etnic.

00:03:19.782 --> 00:03:23.870
But, could we be part of them?

00:03:23.870 --> 00:03:28.416
The only text that has any testimony of the language and culture

00:03:28.416 --> 00:03:30.752
is one belonging from the priest, Damaso Larrañaga.

00:03:33.421 --> 00:03:36.257
Travel Journal, Montevideo to Paysandú”

00:03:37.467 --> 00:03:39.761
In 1815,

00:03:39.761 --> 00:03:42.847
1815 the General Artigas ask the Cabildo of Montevideo

00:03:43.097 --> 00:03:47.393
to send him a delegation to interview him in Paysandú,

00:03:47.393 --> 00:03:50.730
n my character of priest I accompanied the delegation.

00:03:51.564 --> 00:03:54.567
On the way to our destination we crossed the nation going through

00:03:54.567 --> 00:03:58.571
differents towns that I will describe in detail.

00:03:58.571 --> 00:04:00.448
Santo Domingo Soriano

00:04:00.448 --> 00:04:06.120
We received a great placement by the commander and his honorable family.

00:04:11.459 --> 00:04:14.337
In the morning, I went out at dawn to watch the town.

00:04:14.337 --> 00:04:16.589
I saw ruined buildings by an expedition

00:04:16.589 --> 00:04:19.676
that came from the River Plate from Montevideo

00:04:20.051 --> 00:04:25.556
fullest extent by the war  having almost anything to these unfortunates people.

00:04:25.723 --> 00:04:31.604
Here, the black river take about one mile wide and they handled in canoes.

00:04:32.772 --> 00:04:36.276
I ensure that the church sacristan could open it,
in order to celebrate.

00:04:37.694 --> 00:04:44.075
Upon entering this temple,
I felt possessed by an extraordinary respect and devotion

00:04:44.075 --> 00:04:51.291
considering that this place was the first devoted place
to the true God, in our eastern province.

00:04:51.958 --> 00:04:53.960
I heard devout traditions that preserved

00:04:53.960 --> 00:04:58.506
some respectable elderly descendants of Chanás

00:04:58.506 --> 00:05:02.051
one of the small tribes that inhabited this region.

00:05:02.051 --> 00:05:04.178
In the conversations I had gathered

00:05:04.178 --> 00:05:07.098
I realice that they had a religious of the Order of Preachers

00:05:07.098 --> 00:05:14.272
who had been in this band and preached the gospel to the Charruas-Chanás natives.

00:05:14.814 --> 00:05:17.150
With over two centuries of Christianity

00:05:17.150 --> 00:05:20.153
is natural that they has lost the language.

00:05:20.153 --> 00:05:23.573
The first Spanish priest determined,

00:05:23.573 --> 00:05:27.493
as in most of the Americas, they obligated to say

00:05:27.493 --> 00:05:30.580
“God” only in Spanish.

00:05:30.580 --> 00:05:35.043
Thus I made the following summary of the Chaná nation

00:05:35.710 --> 00:05:40.548
surrendering to a deep observation of Chaná language.

00:05:45.261 --> 00:05:48.306
The differents testimonies that left the history

00:05:48.306 --> 00:05:52.018
reports that the conquerors… or invaders ...

00:05:52.018 --> 00:05:55.688
Entrusted to evangelize the natives,

00:05:55.688 --> 00:06:00.318
strip them of their supposedly pagan cultural identity,

00:06:00.318 --> 00:06:04.238
And the more rebels becomes tortured and killed…

00:06:04.238 --> 00:06:09.744
We can see it in the reductions of Soriano, Victoria or Baradero.

00:06:09.744 --> 00:06:17.126
The land were sold with the indians included as animals, subjecting them to slavery.

00:06:19.879 --> 00:06:23.591
Today we see the village church on the main square.

00:06:23.591 --> 00:06:28.846
A few years ago researchers located something
that was hidden beneath his feet.

00:06:28.846 --> 00:06:32.558
Like any truth to be revealed to bid, they discovered

00:06:32.558 --> 00:06:37.021
in the garden of the church, skeletal corresponding to Chanás

00:06:37.021 --> 00:06:40.942
And they transferred to the municipal cemetery.

00:06:50.535 --> 00:06:56.541
For me is very important place
because it is the birthplace of my biological mother.

00:06:58.209 --> 00:07:02.171
She born 109 years ago in this stay field.

00:07:02.171 --> 00:07:08.970
My grandmother  wise to have a child, to convey the culture,

00:07:08.970 --> 00:07:14.934
since she had been receiving from her aunts and great-grandmothers the culture

00:07:14.934 --> 00:07:18.646
and had become the adá oyé nden

00:07:18.646 --> 00:07:21.649
"woman who kept the memories" from Chanás.

00:07:21.732 --> 00:07:27.738
For many years she transmitted me the culture.

00:07:27.738 --> 00:07:33.703
All nights took me a little examination
of what she had taught me and the next day,

00:07:33.703 --> 00:07:39.625
she was returning to ask me until
I was sure I was memorizing things.

00:07:39.667 --> 00:07:41.836
And I wrote down many words.

00:07:44.297 --> 00:07:48.885
This whole area was inhabited mainly by Chaná people

00:07:48.885 --> 00:07:54.640
at that time born my mom, but no longer existed as an ethnicity.

00:07:55.892 --> 00:08:00.646
There were the remnants as Santucho, Moreiras and Amarillos families.

00:08:00.646 --> 00:08:02.648
They do not allowed to put native names,

00:08:02.648 --> 00:08:06.569
only spanish names, there was a law prohibiting natives namings.

00:08:06.569 --> 00:08:12.283
So we had our names but we only stay in the family.

00:08:12.283 --> 00:08:14.660
My name meaning was “Pícaro" that means "Rogue”,

00:08:14.660 --> 00:08:17.955
Instead of naming me “Ta toó” in Chaná

00:08:17.955 --> 00:08:21.375
who was out of the ordinary the people told me Totó.

00:08:21.375 --> 00:08:27.548
In that moment they not allowed native names,
now is different, now they allow them.

00:08:35.181 --> 00:08:37.600
This place is also very special for me

00:08:37.600 --> 00:08:43.981
because it's the last place I lived my maternal grandfather until his death.

00:08:43.981 --> 00:08:48.819
And now there is only an abandoned shack.

00:08:51.113 --> 00:08:56.202
When we were visiting places where supposedly lived Chanás,

00:08:56.202 --> 00:09:00.498
palm trees were evidence that the Chanás lived there

00:09:00.498 --> 00:09:04.460
and that there was a Chieftains.

00:09:04.460 --> 00:09:07.588
Look, there is a palm tree over there between 250 and 300 years.

00:09:08.839 --> 00:09:12.843
Whenever I come I leave with sadness
because I think is the last time I come.

00:09:13.886 --> 00:09:16.639
Only God knows how many more times
I will be able to come back.

00:09:18.224 --> 00:09:21.227
I would like to come back next winter
to see if I can get into the shack.

00:09:30.236 --> 00:09:33.948
Vigorous, gentle expression,

00:09:33.948 --> 00:09:38.452
Blas Wilfredo Omar Jaime  is the last heir of the race Chaná,

00:09:38.744 --> 00:09:42.373
and says treasure the language of their ancestors.

00:09:42.373 --> 00:09:46.961
He remembers more than 250 words

00:09:46.961 --> 00:09:49.672
that prompted the beginning of a scientific research.

00:10:00.516 --> 00:10:06.772
In 2005 I learn by a national newspaper

00:10:06.772 --> 00:10:12.111
that there was a Chaná speaker.

00:10:12.111 --> 00:10:16.699
I thought it was unreliable because the news usually talks

00:10:16.699 --> 00:10:20.953
about  people who knows such language or such others.

00:10:21.787 --> 00:10:25.499
But the interesting thing is that this article,
bring a list of words and some coincided,

00:10:25.875 --> 00:10:34.258
with those who Damaso Larrañaga picked  in 1815,

00:10:34.258 --> 00:10:37.887
that it is the only text evidence of Chaná´s vocabulary.

00:10:43.392 --> 00:10:46.896
It drew my attention because it was a language

00:10:46.896 --> 00:10:50.149
that was considered extinct since the late nineteenth century.

00:10:50.900 --> 00:10:53.903
I went to Parana and had my first interview with him.

00:10:55.237 --> 00:11:01.327
I realiced that was a man completely out of the ordinary.

00:11:02.286 --> 00:11:07.041
A very intelligent person with an extraordinary life,

00:11:07.416 --> 00:11:10.419
and he told me how was the situation

00:11:10.419 --> 00:11:15.925
that was the last person speaker
or semi-speaker of the Chaná language.

00:11:15.925 --> 00:11:18.552
And that was what happened,

00:11:18.552 --> 00:11:28.020
they attacked the invaders,  and they killed all Chanás.

00:11:28.020 --> 00:11:36.237
Only a wounded woman who was pregnant,  stayed alive.

00:11:39.031 --> 00:11:43.703
The natives linguistic families  have the same culture,

00:11:43.703 --> 00:11:49.542
but in this case we have the Charrúas and Minuanes,
who were hunter-gatherers,

00:11:49.542 --> 00:11:56.340
and Chanás and Mbeguás were river canoeists
who lived settled in small villages,

00:11:56.340 --> 00:12:01.429
lived mostly by hunting and agriculture,
depending largely on the river.

00:12:01.429 --> 00:12:06.976
How occurred this cultural division is an intriguing ...

00:12:06.976 --> 00:12:08.477
we do not know it.

00:12:20.030 --> 00:12:25.035
Just in 1994 the National Constitution of Argentina

00:12:25.035 --> 00:12:29.290
recognizes the indigenous as people existed prior to the colony,

00:12:29.290 --> 00:12:32.918
being granted for the first time in history, their rights…

00:12:33.711 --> 00:12:39.049
Until then, the indigenous were incapable
They have to do what the state told them:

00:12:39.049 --> 00:12:42.678
profess the Catholic religion and live in a reservation.

00:12:44.263 --> 00:12:50.352
I slept in a tree, I opened my eyes, and I was in the same house.

00:12:50.352 --> 00:12:58.444
I moved closer and put it back on the tree.

00:12:58.444 --> 00:13:01.906
And suddenly appeared a figure as a man of fire,

00:13:01.906 --> 00:13:06.368
as he was moving and burning.

00:13:07.328 --> 00:13:09.371
He started talking me,

00:13:09.371 --> 00:13:12.708
he told me I had not come to earth for that.

00:13:12.708 --> 00:13:15.628
That I was self-destructing me, I had to take care of myself,

00:13:15.628 --> 00:13:19.089
take care of my mother, my home.

00:13:19.089 --> 00:13:23.052
That I must wait because I had a mission

00:13:23.719 --> 00:13:27.681
to fulfill in the future that would give me more teachings.

00:13:27.681 --> 00:13:38.108
But as I was very clouded by the acohol,
that figure raised his hands as Chaná greeting.

00:13:38.108 --> 00:13:42.530
And when he came down made a noise like "Shhhhh ...!"

00:13:42.530 --> 00:13:50.955
A hiss as well.  Something cold ran through my body
and I got out all drunk I had.

00:13:51.997 --> 00:13:55.543
I shook myself a little and looked that I was in front of my house.

00:13:55.543 --> 00:14:01.549
It was my own tree where I had me lying.
The house was not before, apparently....

00:14:01.549 --> 00:14:05.761
Well, I went home, I took a shower and went to sleep.

00:14:05.761 --> 00:14:07.972
And then on, I never attended any party.

00:14:10.683 --> 00:14:14.562
And it was not long until then I had other dreams,

00:14:14.562 --> 00:14:20.860
I have been visited by people who had died, to talk to me.

00:14:20.860 --> 00:14:24.697
Until one night that they told me that someone

00:14:24.697 --> 00:14:27.950
was going to talk to me about religion.

00:14:27.950 --> 00:14:32.788
And I told my wife, that if someone came to see me
to talk about religion,

00:14:32.788 --> 00:14:37.585
they should wait for me on Sunday
that I was going to hear them.

00:14:37.585 --> 00:14:42.548
And from then on, began my career in the Mormon church.

00:14:42.548 --> 00:14:46.510
I was welcomed with open arms, I felt privileged,

00:14:46.510 --> 00:14:50.097
because without asking anything, if I had studies or not,

00:14:50.097 --> 00:14:56.186
the same day they baptized me, they ordered me as a priesthood,  which do not do commonly.

00:14:57.730 --> 00:15:01.692
I lived like a saint, lived in a spiritual profession,

00:15:02.109 --> 00:15:06.697
not have evil desires or have bad relations,

00:15:06.697 --> 00:15:12.036
but always giving priority to others, giving others.

00:15:12.036 --> 00:15:14.955
But once, I changed my mind and from one day to the other I told me,

00:15:14.955 --> 00:15:19.752
"What am I doing here?" I'm going to die, and I got a doubt,

00:15:19.752 --> 00:15:26.216
a kind of “tijuí taé” that have Chanás in the ears.

00:15:26.216 --> 00:15:29.720
As a comic, like a little devil that talks to one ear

00:15:29.720 --> 00:15:33.599
and another devil in the other ear that tells us things.

00:15:33.599 --> 00:15:40.022
Until I decided to go back to the world from which I came ...

00:15:57.289 --> 00:16:01.418
Blas Jaime seems to live in that duality that has left the natives.

00:16:04.296 --> 00:16:07.299
On one side is a Mormon, on another an Indigenous.

00:16:09.635 --> 00:16:12.346
Although it not currently more in the church,

00:16:12.346 --> 00:16:15.307
seems to retain something of their morale.

00:16:23.857 --> 00:16:29.989
Perhaps that is why some natives not tend to be Catholics
as it is the state religion

00:16:30.572 --> 00:16:35.536
and thus, they become to other religious approaches
within the Christianity.

00:16:46.255 --> 00:16:51.969
Supposedly here in this hill came the slaughter of the Chaná,

00:16:51.969 --> 00:16:54.221
the Chanás Timbú and Chaná-Mbeguá.

00:16:54.221 --> 00:16:59.935
The history says they force Chanás to be drunk and then killed them.

00:17:00.561 --> 00:17:03.272
From that killing what we see is a Via Crucis,

00:17:03.272 --> 00:17:11.030
here is the Christian religious symbol for excellence and power.

00:17:11.030 --> 00:17:15.451
They have nailed the cross and have clamored "Here we are".

00:17:24.960 --> 00:17:28.338
What was the culture of Paraná,
the culture that was close to me

00:17:28.505 --> 00:17:32.801
And this stimulate me to meet Blas Jaime.

00:17:32.801 --> 00:17:41.018
From this discovery I do an investigation
about what was the indigenous pottery,

00:17:41.018 --> 00:17:45.189
focusing on the thick pottery, as it was the Chaná ceramic.

00:18:10.297 --> 00:18:14.051
As it is done with the body of the blood of mother earth,

00:18:14.134 --> 00:18:17.471
they knew he had spirit, put them in tombs,

00:18:17.471 --> 00:18:20.474
so if the spirit of the dead man was there,

00:18:20.474 --> 00:18:26.188
go back to talk to the parrot and not bother the people alive.

00:18:28.023 --> 00:18:31.151
I think that with the appear of Blas and his story,

00:18:31.151 --> 00:18:41.495
is like encourage people  to tell that could had a great-uncle, who was Chaná.

00:18:43.455 --> 00:18:49.878
And this is as a representation of the desire of freedom.

00:18:49.878 --> 00:18:52.589
Is written here in Chaná,

00:18:52.589 --> 00:18:55.592
a fragment of the Argentine National Anthem,

00:18:57.136 --> 00:19:04.935
it says NYOTI that means FREEDOM in Chaná language.

00:19:06.687 --> 00:19:11.066
It puts my hair stand on end
when I visit La Matanza Hill,

00:19:11.066 --> 00:19:17.865
something remains always there, the places were are killed people, always remains something.

00:19:24.621 --> 00:19:27.749
Baradero is the oldest village.

00:19:27.749 --> 00:19:32.379
Born as a reduction of Indians, or Indian village.

00:19:32.379 --> 00:19:35.966
With a Fransican´s reduction of Chaná and Guaraní aborigines

00:19:35.966 --> 00:19:40.179
A reduction was a system of cities foundations that had the Spanish

00:19:40.179 --> 00:19:45.225
It's... well... a system that has to do with evangelism also,

00:19:45.225 --> 00:19:51.023
a group of Aboriginal people were concentrated in a small population,

00:19:51.023 --> 00:19:55.194
where they were taught a lot of things including catechism,
and they were taught to work.

00:19:55.194 --> 00:20:00.157
It was a big change of culture.
Unfortunately…

00:20:08.957 --> 00:20:15.172
By 2005, after a series of events, it plans to sell the property, to be privatized,

00:20:15.172 --> 00:20:18.383
and want to do there a beach of parking trucks.

00:20:18.926 --> 00:20:24.014
There, arises the community, the people start to be grouped,

00:20:24.014 --> 00:20:30.187
and between the people and officials, we avoided selling this place.

00:20:30.187 --> 00:20:34.441
Hence the state decides through a grant from the province,

00:20:34.441 --> 00:20:39.655
bought the property and finally passed to the heritage of Baradero.

00:20:47.496 --> 00:20:52.626
Some people spend to say "I am a descendant of native, even today"

00:20:52.626 --> 00:20:58.131
because they have suffered this discrimination luckily today,
is no longer as well.

00:20:58.131 --> 00:21:01.093
We should go on working, there is a lot of things to do.

00:21:07.808 --> 00:21:14.731
We are writing with Don Blas, a book entitled
"The Chaná language, cultic heritage of Entre Ríos"

00:21:14.731 --> 00:21:28.704
In which he writes ethnographic observations,
and I do the grammar, phonology and graphic interpretation

00:21:28.704 --> 00:21:32.165
of orthography extended by Don Blas.

00:21:35.168 --> 00:21:42.050
Don Blas is realy involved with the Chaná culture
and before he could left this world

00:21:42.050 --> 00:21:47.597
wants to leave secured this lenguage and culture Chaná,
to a next generation.

00:21:47.931 --> 00:21:56.481
It is for the future that the offspring of Chanás wants to have access to his language

00:21:56.481 --> 00:22:00.068
and do not lose as others knowledge that has been lost.

00:22:01.111 --> 00:22:04.948
We were talking with my dad that they ask us,
to sing the anthem

00:22:04.948 --> 00:22:10.787
on the 11th october
for the counter-celebration of the 12th of October,

00:22:12.122 --> 00:22:14.791
I have printed suit.

00:22:15.542 --> 00:22:18.128
It is the first time in the world to be singing.

00:22:29.389 --> 00:22:34.061
Evangelina is not just she talks, she knows the hole history.

00:22:34.061 --> 00:22:37.898
She will wait until I die to emerge her.

00:22:50.994 --> 00:22:57.751
Blas Jaime´s ancestors seems to have escaped
through hidden roads and rivers,

00:22:57.751 --> 00:23:04.132
hiding in the bush and its inhabitants,
enslaved as fuel  of colonial system.

00:23:08.011 --> 00:23:15.268
Thanks to the legacies of that silent, invisible and resistance
That the women of her family teach him

00:23:15.268 --> 00:23:21.024
Don Jaime after his 70 years of silence, managed to break to be heard.

00:23:24.569 --> 00:23:30.784
In that search and individual struggle,
meets on his way the linguist Pedro Viegas Barros,

00:23:30.784 --> 00:23:40.335
who validated his language, making transcend his knowledge, as a survivor of these native cultures enslaved.

00:23:45.924 --> 00:23:51.805
Don Blas does not know just words, terms, phrases,

00:23:51.805 --> 00:23:53.432
Equinox Ceremony

00:23:53.432 --> 00:23:55.851
he also know cultural elements like what served this plant,

00:23:55.851 --> 00:23:58.812
the way an animal was captured,

00:23:58.812 --> 00:24:01.064
What time of year does it flower?

00:24:01.064 --> 00:24:04.818
is a living encyclopedia of  Chaná culture.

00:24:06.027 --> 00:24:11.158
Because it was the way to be in contact
with the great mother, the mother earth.

00:24:11.158 --> 00:24:18.915
The real name of nature for Chaná is “beáda-ó.”
It is the great mother.

00:24:18.915 --> 00:24:24.254
Because when tijuiném created,

00:24:27.382 --> 00:24:31.887
he told them that the land was his great mother,
and they had to respect and honor it,

00:24:31.887 --> 00:24:37.976
and respect the children of mother earth,
that are the trees.

00:24:49.779 --> 00:24:52.449
Many of them are descendants

00:24:52.449 --> 00:24:56.077
because they say about their ancesthors

00:24:56.077 --> 00:25:01.541
But they don't know much about culture
and even less about languages.

00:25:01.541 --> 00:25:06.004
All languages were lost because the ones
who spoke the language,

00:25:06.004 --> 00:25:10.634
the spaniard cut their tongues
and to the girls prodded them an eye.

00:25:10.634 --> 00:25:16.306
So if this happend, any culture is lost.
And the language with more reason.

00:25:16.306 --> 00:25:22.771
If they say, "if you speak your language
with your mother or your brother, we cut your tongue”,

00:25:22.771 --> 00:25:24.814
Wich child will talk?

00:25:48.046 --> 00:25:58.515
We have brought the fire,
deep within us,

00:25:58.515 --> 00:26:05.730
We like to deliver
to  our brothers Chanás...

00:26:21.204 --> 00:26:27.210
We have brought the fire, deep within us,

00:26:27.210 --> 00:26:34.509
we like to deliver all guys here...

00:26:37.512 --> 00:26:41.850
We asked the fishermen if they had ever found
archaeological elements,

00:26:41.850 --> 00:26:47.355
and we found out that they have drawers
of archaeological ceramics.

00:26:47.355 --> 00:26:49.899
They fish them with the networks.

00:26:49.899 --> 00:26:55.447
So we started having a collection of archaeological fragments.

00:26:55.447 --> 00:26:56.906
As is tablished in the law,

00:26:56.906 --> 00:27:02.412
we checked into the Archaeological Museum of Parana.

00:27:05.081 --> 00:27:12.505
When I was a student, at my 14 years old,
I met a person who was a collector

00:27:12.505 --> 00:27:16.593
and showed me interesting things
and that motivated me,

00:27:16.593 --> 00:27:19.095
to go along the shores of the river, looking for gaps.

00:27:19.095 --> 00:27:24.100
So I began to find pieces of primitive aboriginal cultures.

00:27:25.393 --> 00:27:29.898
And I got an interesting collection.

00:27:33.735 --> 00:27:36.029
I read about him, in the media.

00:27:36.029 --> 00:27:40.909
For me it was a shock to the heart when I saw the news
and then I wanted to met him.

00:27:44.245 --> 00:27:46.456
Fortunately we have an archaeological room,

00:27:46.456 --> 00:27:52.379
That now is opened at the Historical Museum of Victoria city.

00:27:52.379 --> 00:27:56.383
We will find an archaeological evidence

00:27:57.425 --> 00:28:00.762
of this great community who inhabited
the island near the city of Victoria,

00:28:00.762 --> 00:28:06.601
that over time it left evidences, that now we are showing,

00:28:06.601 --> 00:28:12.107
in a systematic and organized way,
here at Anadón Museum,

00:28:12.107 --> 00:28:16.361
and became a permanent room of Chaná-Timbú natives.

00:28:21.616 --> 00:28:24.786
If this is not popular, we do not have a cultural identity.

00:28:24.786 --> 00:28:31.626
It needs to reach not elites,
it should be offer to everyone

00:28:31.626 --> 00:28:36.423
in order students understand their own identity
as “the great powers”

00:28:36.423 --> 00:28:42.387
when they respect their nationality, their country,

00:28:42.387 --> 00:28:47.100
their great sense Latin American country accordingly.

00:28:47.100 --> 00:28:52.605
I know him, but we have differents ideas,
different cosmogony,

00:28:52.605 --> 00:28:55.233
he comes from the oral tradition,

00:28:55.233 --> 00:29:01.656
this does not diminish him,
but in our case, we documented us, academically.

00:29:01.656 --> 00:29:05.827
It wonder someone what bells means…

00:29:05.827 --> 00:29:10.331
And I said the same thing,
that was manufacture in order to put on the graves,

00:29:10.331 --> 00:29:17.881
so that if the spirits returned,
chit the head of parrots and not with people alive.

00:29:17.881 --> 00:29:27.223
And it seemed to her that I was wrong,

00:29:27.223 --> 00:29:36.357
For her means that were bells to light the fire or other thing.

00:29:36.357 --> 00:29:42.113
So I asked how she knew, “Because I studied”, she said,

00:29:42.113 --> 00:29:45.742
as saying “you did not study but I have studied”.

00:29:46.242 --> 00:29:55.585
I had a short talk with him when I wanted to talk
about carrying bells and he told me I should study.

00:29:55.960 --> 00:30:00.590
There wasn't “Chaná-Timbú”
Or was “Chaná” or was “Timbú”.

00:30:00.590 --> 00:30:08.389
Because Timbú got separated from Chanás.

00:30:08.389 --> 00:30:20.527
I think he has other stories of their ancestors,
another life or maybe not really know these presences

00:30:20.527 --> 00:30:25.114
that are attested in every book that I mentioned,

00:30:25.114 --> 00:30:28.743
and I would have much more to mention about it..

00:30:48.137 --> 00:30:50.223
- We come to visiting you

00:30:50.223 --> 00:30:52.559
- How are you?
- Fine, fine

00:30:52.559 --> 00:30:55.478
With the teacher we discussed about this

00:30:55.478 --> 00:30:59.232
because for me the bells are not Chaná, are from the Timbús

00:30:59.232 --> 00:31:00.984
After Timbú natives had separated from Chanás.

00:31:00.984 --> 00:31:06.197
To differentiate themselves from Chanás.
they began to make the bells,

00:31:06.197 --> 00:31:09.325
nearly 2000 years ago…

00:31:10.326 --> 00:31:13.621
Yes, that's what we calculate, nearly 2000 years ago…

00:31:15.248 --> 00:31:18.334
Because there was a grane excision.

00:31:18.793 --> 00:31:21.421
Look Evangelina, this is unfinished...

00:31:21.421 --> 00:31:23.590
She has done beautiful work...

00:31:23.590 --> 00:31:27.635
Yes, in Paraná we make riverine ceramics.

00:31:27.635 --> 00:31:32.098
Save it please, I am afraid that I could drop something...

00:31:32.098 --> 00:31:33.349
We found it in fragments.

00:31:33.349 --> 00:31:37.937
Do you know why you find it in fragments?

00:31:39.063 --> 00:31:41.190
Because they fractured before...

00:31:41.441 --> 00:31:49.282
Because women, who drive changes of places, always broke their dishes,

00:31:49.282 --> 00:31:51.826
before they left and they threw the pieces back

00:31:51.826 --> 00:31:54.662
to leave the evil spirits there.

00:31:54.662 --> 00:31:57.457
And then they made their new dishes.

00:31:58.625 --> 00:32:00.835
You are doing a good job.

00:32:00.835 --> 00:32:08.092
The bone is provided, whetting well,
it serves as a knife.

00:32:09.761 --> 00:32:13.306
-I've never cried
-Never?

00:32:13.306 --> 00:32:19.938
Never. Neither I laugh or cry.

00:32:21.105 --> 00:32:25.193
We don´t sing, we do not dance.

00:32:25.193 --> 00:32:33.159
The warrior man never surrenders
neither kneels and never betrays.

00:32:33.159 --> 00:32:37.413
These are the “utapek”, the prohibitions of culture.

00:32:38.331 --> 00:32:43.044
My grandmother told me that the main weapon of Chaná

00:32:43.044 --> 00:32:49.175
was his courage, and if he died he will glory to heaven.

00:32:49.175 --> 00:32:58.768
Your work is valuable,  it is according to the true story,
that is in the earth, mother earth.

00:32:58.768 --> 00:33:00.853
Thank you very much.

00:33:04.315 --> 00:33:09.362
I met Blas Jaime in Parana a few years ago,

00:33:09.362 --> 00:33:13.241
in a presentation of a project that we made with the museum.

00:33:13.241 --> 00:33:18.287
And I started to pay attention to what
he was telling about Chanás,

00:33:18.287 --> 00:33:24.794
was related to the experience in the field trips with my father
and we have in the Museum.

00:33:24.794 --> 00:33:30.550
So I started talking to Blas,
And I found out a fantastic person.

00:33:30.550 --> 00:33:37.140
For the amount of information
he has, it helped me to close a puzzle.

00:33:37.140 --> 00:33:44.689
When he told that when they broke
the pots and spilled as a matter of spirits,

00:33:44.689 --> 00:33:47.734
is the reason why in the excavations

00:33:47.734 --> 00:33:49.694
we found all broken, and all around.

00:33:49.694 --> 00:33:57.285
It coincided exactly as what we found out.
He complement the story...

00:33:57.285 --> 00:34:02.540
In the museum we have many Chaná´s ceramic

00:34:02.540 --> 00:34:09.380
Chanás produced crocks, to which women,
who were the potters, made ornaments, drawings.

00:34:09.380 --> 00:34:14.010
That's art, and we should  understand it like this,

00:34:14.010 --> 00:34:19.766
and recover this heritage that has been lost for long time.

00:34:19.766 --> 00:34:24.812
We have denied this history,
if in our schools we would have learned

00:34:24.812 --> 00:34:27.815
those things from our grandparents Chanás,
now would be different.

00:34:30.777 --> 00:34:34.072
What about this lonely struggle that Blas Jaime load

00:34:34.072 --> 00:34:39.243
as last Chaná speaker who wakes us up
the interest in our origins?

00:34:39.243 --> 00:34:42.622
Perhaps we didn´t value our native people as it should be,

00:34:42.622 --> 00:34:45.083
and we just recently started watching them more carefully.

00:34:45.083 --> 00:34:48.044
Which interpretations we make from our history?

00:34:48.044 --> 00:34:51.005
Probably it depends from where we look it.

00:34:51.005 --> 00:34:57.637
His vital enthusiasm spread that need to search
in our identity and express it in different ways.

00:34:57.637 --> 00:35:02.100
Revise who we were, to understand who we are.

00:35:25.081 --> 00:35:29.627
There were making a map of endangered languages,

00:35:29.627 --> 00:35:33.548
and causally I met at a conference in Chile

00:35:33.548 --> 00:35:36.008
doctor lingüística holandés.

00:35:36.008 --> 00:35:41.180
a dutch Doctor in linguistics,
and I was presenting a paper about Chanás.

00:35:41.180 --> 00:35:47.645
Whereupon, he took my data and in the next online
map edition of UNESCO,

00:35:47.645 --> 00:35:53.442
appeared in 2010, a Chaná speaker
in Paraná city, who was Blas Jaime.

00:35:53.442 --> 00:35:56.529
This material is available on internet.

00:35:56.529 --> 00:35:58.698
that's what they know.

00:36:18.426 --> 00:36:23.598
Is for the descendants,
to have a testimony of their culture, of their origin.

00:36:23.598 --> 00:36:27.894
For surely, when Don Blas is no longer here,
there will be no one who talks Chaná.

00:36:27.894 --> 00:36:34.192
is part of the intangible heritage of Argentina culture,
it must  remain.

00:36:36.527 --> 00:36:41.532
The content is what remains of Chaná language,

00:36:41.532 --> 00:36:46.120
probably was much wider, but as were many generations,

00:36:46.120 --> 00:36:52.001
since 300 years ago that there is no organized Chaná people.

00:36:52.001 --> 00:36:57.798
and as the Spaniards forbade the descendants
of native people, to speak their own native language,

00:36:57.798 --> 00:37:02.053
that´s why it has been lost it but we kept in my family.

00:37:02.053 --> 00:37:07.934
And maybe in some other cacique´s houses,
thanks the women that have did in secret.

00:37:12.772 --> 00:37:23.032
More important than language is the culture,
customs which carries, culture,

00:37:23.032 --> 00:37:28.788
rules of coexistense with other people
with whom they cohabit,

00:37:28.788 --> 00:37:35.670
as Charruas, the Mbeguas, as it was serviciable the Chanás.

00:38:30.599 --> 00:38:36.772
I bring a message of a native ethnixity
that does not exist as a community.

00:38:36.772 --> 00:38:46.324
We may be thousands of people descientes of Chaná
but do not have any organized community.

00:38:46.324 --> 00:38:53.372
The governments do not want us to be organized
because we can reclaim the lands of our ancestors.

00:38:53.372 --> 00:38:58.502
We do not have any kind of help
to organize ourselves as a community.

00:38:58.502 --> 00:39:11.265
Some brothers came from Mexico and they know about
our history of natives  more than the local people.

00:39:11.265 --> 00:39:14.060
Because what they tried to do was to clear the memory,

00:39:14.060 --> 00:39:23.444
to became like animals, who had no memory,
no history, no remembers.

00:39:23.444 --> 00:39:27.782
But the family of the caciques continued with the practice.

00:39:27.782 --> 00:39:31.160
Thanks to that, I could rescue a part of that history,

00:39:31.160 --> 00:39:41.462
and now write down in a book
as a bilingual dictionary Spanish-Chaná,

00:39:41.462 --> 00:39:45.466
As is the only legacy I can leave.

00:39:45.466 --> 00:39:50.930
Because even though we were the land
owners we do not have nothing.

00:39:50.930 --> 00:39:55.726
There is a town called Maciá,
a Charrua matriarchy community,

00:39:55.726 --> 00:39:59.021
They are starving and has many needs.

00:40:12.493 --> 00:40:19.959
The Italian house, is giving the example
that many creoles should follow, care for the needy,

00:40:19.959 --> 00:40:21.919
especially for hungry indigenous people

00:40:21.919 --> 00:40:25.631
that have needs and are spleeping in cartons on the floor.

00:40:25.631 --> 00:40:31.429
I went to the Italian house to give talks about natives,

00:40:31.429 --> 00:40:36.892
I ask for help, so they decided to help this community Charruas of Macia.

00:40:36.892 --> 00:40:42.815
They are giving materials to make crafts
and then bring them here to Paraná

00:40:42.815 --> 00:40:47.570
and offer the front door to sell them.

00:40:47.862 --> 00:40:51.031
EDUCATE AND GROW TOGETHER

00:41:42.082 --> 00:41:43.459
So cute your background!

00:41:43.459 --> 00:41:47.755
Do not hurry me because we have just arrive here.

00:41:47.755 --> 00:41:49.798
We are just renovating the garden.

00:41:49.798 --> 00:41:51.800
INDIGENOUS NATIONS TODAY

00:41:54.136 --> 00:41:57.348
The house has 4 bedrooms, a kitchen and a bathroom.

00:41:58.015 --> 00:42:00.684
We arrived here four months ago.

00:42:03.437 --> 00:42:08.150
The council paid the rent until this house was finished.

00:42:10.903 --> 00:42:15.324
We only have single beds, we will progess a little more…

00:42:15.324 --> 00:42:18.994
But well, for now this

00:42:18.994 --> 00:42:21.455
And this is the bathroom, everything is installed.

00:42:22.456 --> 00:42:24.917
The other house was falling apart.

00:42:24.917 --> 00:42:29.380
Yes, it was coming 'down, you know it.

00:42:31.298 --> 00:42:38.847
Don Blas gone to speak about Chanás at our school,

00:42:38.847 --> 00:42:42.977
and the director comes with the project

00:42:42.977 --> 00:42:51.986
of making some solidarity work
with this community Charrua of Maciá.

00:42:52.736 --> 00:42:56.115
So, then I suggested that from the Italian society,

00:42:56.740 --> 00:43:01.161
we were going to provide,
all the materials they needed to make their crafts.

00:43:01.161 --> 00:43:04.790
They pooled their stock and once per month

00:43:04.790 --> 00:43:09.628
went to Parana city, and sold all crafts, only  three people.

00:43:09.628 --> 00:43:13.090
That day I think they sold everything

00:43:13.507 --> 00:43:20.931
I think that they should not help like that.
He helps us with supplies.

00:43:20.931 --> 00:43:24.768
We work and sell.

00:43:24.768 --> 00:43:28.105
And then we distributed the money we earn

00:43:28.105 --> 00:43:29.898
between all the brothers who have worked on it.

00:43:29.898 --> 00:43:33.611
But what happens? We are so many that is not enough.

00:43:33.611 --> 00:43:37.823
But if we could have a job to provide ourselves

00:43:37.823 --> 00:43:39.742
we can invest in more crafts,
it would be different.

00:43:39.742 --> 00:43:41.327
Most women are single, working sweeping papers.

00:43:41.327 --> 00:43:47.333
As me, I earn 20 dollars a week.

00:43:49.293 --> 00:43:52.546
I think I understand where is the problematic.

00:43:52.546 --> 00:43:54.590
That should be a political resolution.

00:43:54.590 --> 00:43:59.637
Not only for them, that should apply in a lot of places

00:43:59.637 --> 00:44:06.310
Because it works too much on desks, offices,
press, in the discussions...

00:44:06.310 --> 00:44:08.937
but in the field where you have to be next in need

00:44:08.937 --> 00:44:15.152
and see how you solve the problem
in the most practical or fastest way, no one is there.

00:44:15.152 --> 00:44:18.697
The system does not give more,
because accumulate a few persons,

00:44:18.697 --> 00:44:21.033
and the others begin to be expelled.

00:44:22.534 --> 00:44:24.620
Perhaps the model of them is different,

00:44:24.620 --> 00:44:28.123
they like to work as a community,
and then distribute all or eat together.

00:44:28.123 --> 00:44:32.252
For example, "we buy everything together"
or "we all eat together"...

00:44:32.252 --> 00:44:38.300
It is their culture, is the diversity
in which we have to get used to live and respect.

00:44:38.300 --> 00:44:45.224
And facilitate to have an easier life,
more pleasant, more livable, more dignified life...

00:45:01.740 --> 00:45:04.451
What a nice wall they made

00:45:04.451 --> 00:45:06.161
Are theses social houses, too?

00:45:06.662 --> 00:45:10.541
Yes, these houses did not exist before.

00:45:11.417 --> 00:45:15.462
The community that Blas Jaime sponsors,
as fellow indigenous struggle,

00:45:15.462 --> 00:45:19.007
seems to be a victim of industrial designs,

00:45:19.007 --> 00:45:23.679
that left isolated and confined communities
in small territories.

00:45:23.679 --> 00:45:25.639
That they no longer have woods,

00:45:25.639 --> 00:45:28.684
neither freedom to travel around lands and rivers,

00:45:28.684 --> 00:45:30.686
that used to provide them food.

00:45:32.980 --> 00:45:36.150
Today, all seems to be private property,

00:45:36.150 --> 00:45:38.736
who have the possibility to inherit

00:45:38.736 --> 00:45:42.406
or acquire it because they were born in more
favorable circumstances.

00:45:56.670 --> 00:46:03.594
This book was already declared of legislative interest
by the Chamber of Deputies.

00:46:03.594 --> 00:46:07.514
I personally handed to the Bolivian´s President Evo Morales,

00:46:07.514 --> 00:46:11.059
to the Ecuador´s president Rafael Correa.

00:46:11.059 --> 00:46:18.984
In a relatively short time have generated so many things…

00:46:18.984 --> 00:46:22.404
Is important that many important people have taken

00:46:22.404 --> 00:46:26.241
as something that was worth working.

00:46:26.241 --> 00:46:29.244
Continue enjoying and walking everywhere,

00:46:29.495 --> 00:46:30.329
Thanks!

00:46:30.662 --> 00:46:31.580
Teaching!

00:46:35.834 --> 00:46:39.296
Why is it important transcend our history in a book?

00:46:39.296 --> 00:46:44.593
Is it to account for our deep Latin American ethnic diversity?

00:46:45.469 --> 00:46:49.973
Blas Jaime seems to be a surviving witness of that ethnocide,

00:46:49.973 --> 00:46:53.519
perpetrated by the official history of the conquest,

00:46:53.519 --> 00:46:56.396
Its makers and their accomplices ...

00:47:04.238 --> 00:47:06.824
PARANA BOOK FAIR

00:47:08.033 --> 00:47:11.411
But I wondered… what about the witnesses?

00:47:12.412 --> 00:47:14.373
What happend with the witnesses?

00:47:14.373 --> 00:47:21.338
There is never a witness, two, three,
who were made to name recognition

00:47:21.338 --> 00:47:24.967
And I say "well, they were also part of this judgment."

00:47:25.592 --> 00:47:31.056
So the book was born with that anger
and was shaped that way.

00:47:31.765 --> 00:47:36.603
Now, are being fulfilled 30 years of the judgment
to the military boards of the dictatorship.

00:47:36.812 --> 00:47:38.480
PABLO LLONTO, LAWYER OFF

00:47:38.480 --> 00:47:42.025
And I say are being fulfilled because the judgment
began on April 22, 1985

00:47:42.025 --> 00:47:45.779
and ended on December 9, 1985.

00:47:46.405 --> 00:47:52.452
Currently, are made throughout the country
16 judgments against humanity.

00:48:04.172 --> 00:48:08.385
Because of my fault, because of my fault,
because of my great fault

00:48:08.385 --> 00:48:12.180
That is why I pray to the Holy Mary, ever Virgin,

00:48:12.180 --> 00:48:15.517
to the angels, to the saints,

00:48:15.517 --> 00:48:18.604
and you, brothers...

00:48:19.146 --> 00:48:23.525
How many genocides suffered the world,
Latin America and our region?

00:48:24.359 --> 00:48:31.241
The invasions usually are advertised as "great causes"
disguised as conquests...

00:48:31.241 --> 00:48:35.120
as alleged barbarities, that need to be civilized.

00:48:36.663 --> 00:48:41.043
Histories, seem to be repeated in different forms and nuances...

00:48:41.335 --> 00:48:47.049
Therefore it is important to review the visions of our history
to become more conscious,

00:48:47.049 --> 00:48:51.136
to understand where we are in our history
and where we seem to go.

00:49:00.312 --> 00:49:05.275
Learning the language with a dictionary is easier,

00:49:05.275 --> 00:49:09.071
but it is  more easier to learn to think in the language.

00:49:09.071 --> 00:49:12.407
Every language you want to learn you have
to think in the language,

00:49:12.407 --> 00:49:14.534
so that the brain assimilates it.

00:49:15.577 --> 00:49:20.499
For example, when I wake I said to myself:

00:49:20.499 --> 00:49:24.628
“Uá ngan oté angú”
That means What I have to do today?

00:49:24.628 --> 00:49:30.842
Or, What I must do today?

00:49:30.842 --> 00:49:34.471
Because, it was not written, was an oral lenguage

00:49:34.471 --> 00:49:39.267
For many years I try to think and
remember in that way the words

00:49:46.108 --> 00:49:55.659
“Uelcaimár”, means the future.

00:49:55.659 --> 00:49:58.745
Excuse me, hello…

00:49:59.871 --> 00:50:01.623
She is a future Chaná´s woman

00:50:01.623 --> 00:50:05.877
The best way to learn the language is translation

00:50:05.877 --> 00:50:08.130
because it is recorded more in mind.

00:50:10.716 --> 00:50:14.761
How do we translate firmness?

00:50:17.514 --> 00:50:25.397
I have to stick with the culture
that he offered everywhere during years.

00:50:25.397 --> 00:50:30.110
And that has been released
as has not been made known with other people.

00:50:30.110 --> 00:50:33.321
I think it is very important not to lose it,

00:50:33.321 --> 00:50:39.619
not to continue being treading,
to which we really are the owners…

00:50:39.619 --> 00:50:43.874
owners is a very strong word but ... we are on this earth.

00:50:43.874 --> 00:50:50.547
We should all live in harmony and
try not to lost our culture mimics with foreigners cultures.

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She is the woman in charge of keep the lenguage,
is the most important woman,

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because I am a person doing a job
that should have done a woman.

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Because Chaná heritage is continued by women,

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“Adá” means women, “Oyé” means keep, “Nden” is memory,.

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so it has to be a woman the one
who be in charge of teach it.

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Let's start with the Chaná-Spanish dictionary.

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The Chaná language,
with the presence here of Don Blas Jaime,

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and the linguist who works also on the dictionary,
which is Pedro Viegas Barros.

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As a linguist, I hold my head and said,
“How could it be, if Chanás doesn´t exist?”

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If they had always said that there wasn´t any Indians,
no aboriginal people.

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There are different descendants of Chanás
in different places of Argentina,

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as Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Entre Rios and also in Uruguay,

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but absolutely nobody knows anything about the language.

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It means that the only person who has this linguistic treasure
in his head is Don Blas.

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As a humble person, I never thought I'd be here.
I not even finish the primary school.

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But life has helped me to teach others what I knew
without knowing that I was the only one

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who has the knowledge of Chaná language,
customs and stories of other native commubnities.

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Now there are descendants mixed,
because in the last census of 2010,

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13600 families where register as natives,
that did not exist in the last census of the year 2000.

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So there's like an awakening of recognition as indigenous.

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“Uá tijuiném ugé aiguá, ngan nderé oblé.”

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This means, that the god of Chanás bless you
and have a good path, a good hang.

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Thanks for everything.

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Diverse natives cultures inhabit this earth and roots.

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In this reality, is essential to deep into our history

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to make us more sensitive
with the always oppressed social groups.

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Not to be continue inheriting encroachments
under differents extractive and oppressive forms,

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which eventually end up preserving
the colonial gene in all orders of our lives.

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While today there are no more colonies,
we live in system, governed by power groups

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that respond to the same origins as those colonies.

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As if Latinoamerica, their struggles and their people,
are actually characterized their own identities

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to survive in a world that works for all type of dependency.

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Family = “Opati”

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“Lan” means language

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“Téc” means the action of speaking, speaking Chaná language

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“Chaná” is the community and language Chaná…

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- What would your mother and grandmother think,
if they were here?

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They would be happy.

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For me... I always feel like they are...

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- That they are looking you…?