00:00:12.822 --> 00:00:18.380
The Balearics are getting poorer since 2000
despite records in tourist arrivals

00:00:18.580 --> 00:00:20.420
- Última Hora, August 29, 2016 -

00:00:23.560 --> 00:00:28.980
...and so we're talking about some
13.5 million visitors to the islands.

00:00:29.060 --> 00:00:32.280
Given that, according to the Spanish
Statistics Office's census records,

00:00:32.360 --> 00:00:35.580
the Balearics have a population
of one million one hundred people.

00:00:35.660 --> 00:00:39.280
That's about 12 tourists
per inhabitant.

00:00:39.360 --> 00:00:41.640
Twelve tourists
per inhabitant.

00:00:41.760 --> 00:00:43.960
Well, I suppose
there are areas or islands

00:00:44.080 --> 00:00:46.720
where people are
more fed up...

00:00:51.920 --> 00:00:53.480
My name's Dolores Ayas.

00:00:53.600 --> 00:00:57.680
I'm 60 years old and I came
to the island almost 40 years ago

00:00:57.800 --> 00:01:02.920
in search of work as a chambermaid,
which is what I still do today.

00:01:12.760 --> 00:01:17.560
I get up now at 5.15 a.m.
and right from the start it's a rush.

00:01:17.760 --> 00:01:20.000
You have a coffee
and take your pills,

00:01:20.080 --> 00:01:22.021
otherwise you won't
get through the day.

00:01:22.101 --> 00:01:23.157
That's what it's like.

00:01:23.440 --> 00:01:29.000
And I don't live near my workplace
so I have to catch two buses.

00:01:29.120 --> 00:01:32.380
I get one and the change-over
is very tight.

00:01:32.460 --> 00:01:35.000
When I get off the bus
I have to run for the next one,

00:01:35.120 --> 00:01:39.960
like lots of other women
on that route.

00:01:53.280 --> 00:01:56.560
80% of the interviewees think
that good tourism seasons

00:01:56.680 --> 00:02:01.000
only benefit
the employers' pockets.

00:02:01.120 --> 00:02:04.800
64% of the interviewees in this report
also believe that the employment

00:02:04.920 --> 00:02:08.160
generated by Balearic tourism
is low-quality employment.

00:02:09.920 --> 00:02:12.660
In my life, I try to do things
to the best of my abilities.

00:02:12.740 --> 00:02:16.000
But I definitely don't like my work
and even less in these conditions,

00:02:16.120 --> 00:02:19.560
because people
shouldn't be treated like slaves.

00:02:34.979 --> 00:02:36.182
Planet Earth.

00:02:36.877 --> 00:02:40.820
Some 7,5 billion people
inhabit our planet

00:02:40.900 --> 00:02:46.377
of whom one sixth
travelled for leisure in 2017.

00:02:46.856 --> 00:02:50.703
The tourism sector has grown
so much over the last century

00:02:50.983 --> 00:02:54.911
that it now accounts for 10%
of the world's GDP

00:02:55.529 --> 00:02:58.656
and one in every ten jobs.

00:03:00.150 --> 00:03:05.781
One area that receives more visitors
than any other is the Mediterranean Basin.

00:03:06.331 --> 00:03:09.287
And at the heart:
the Balearic Islands,

00:03:09.467 --> 00:03:13.123
one of the cradles of mass tourism
as we know it.

00:03:13.738 --> 00:03:16.304
To get an idea
of the Balearic's importance,

00:03:16.384 --> 00:03:19.078
the biggest island,
Mallorca,

00:03:19.158 --> 00:03:22.168
is visited by almost
as many tourists

00:03:22.248 --> 00:03:25.951
as the Caribbean’s
top three destinations combined:

00:03:26.031 --> 00:03:29.225
the Dominican Republic,
Cuba and Jamaica.

00:03:30.111 --> 00:03:36.111
And three of Europe's largest hotel
chains were founded in Mallorca.

00:03:37.988 --> 00:03:39.720
It's the perfect case study

00:03:40.000 --> 00:03:41.909
because if one thing is clear

00:03:42.289 --> 00:03:45.053
it’s that what happens here
is echoed later

00:03:45.133 --> 00:03:48.467
at other destinations
around the world.

00:04:14.524 --> 00:04:18.763
Weary of the roar of civilisation,
their brains are fraught

00:04:18.843 --> 00:04:20.391
with milling calculations.

00:04:20.571 --> 00:04:24.746
They fled from the rush of it all,
reached these islands

00:04:24.826 --> 00:04:27.548
and threw themselves
down on the sand

00:04:27.628 --> 00:04:31.577
with the waters of the Mediterranean
lapping at their feet.

00:04:31.657 --> 00:04:36.905
All is peace and quiet on these islands
where women never age

00:04:36.985 --> 00:04:40.542
and men don't waste their breath
in idle works.

00:04:41.537 --> 00:04:42.754
These are the islands

00:04:42.834 --> 00:04:47.109
where the sun stays its setting
longer than anywhere else.

00:04:47.480 --> 00:04:52.480
We came to El Arenal in 1946
when I was three and a half.

00:04:52.800 --> 00:04:57.520
In the 50s,
a few tourists started to arrive.

00:04:57.960 --> 00:05:02.440
Initially, the hotels were smaller
but in the space of about 10 years,

00:05:02.960 --> 00:05:06.640
10 or 15,
Playa de Palma became what it is today.

00:05:06.960 --> 00:05:10.560
The economic situation was complicated,
because it was an autarky.

00:05:10.640 --> 00:05:13.320
In other words, we were isolated
from the outside world.

00:05:13.400 --> 00:05:17.000
Spain tried to observe
a policy of self-sufficiency,

00:05:17.120 --> 00:05:19.160
where we tried to produce
what we needed

00:05:19.240 --> 00:05:20.760
for our own internal consumption.

00:05:20.840 --> 00:05:23.320
This limited the foreign currency
entering the country

00:05:23.440 --> 00:05:26.520
and our capacity
to buy foreign goods.

00:05:26.680 --> 00:05:30.480
Tour-operators went knocking
on Manuel Fraga's door

00:05:30.600 --> 00:05:32.200
and they were given
carte blanche

00:05:32.320 --> 00:05:36.520
to charter all the flights
to Mallorca that they pleased.

00:05:36.640 --> 00:05:38.480
And as a result,

00:05:38.600 --> 00:05:44.040
each year the number of tourists
in Mallorca doubled.

00:05:44.280 --> 00:05:48.400
In 1971, the one-million passenger
figure was reached and, by 1972,

00:05:48.520 --> 00:05:50.960
it had gone up
to two million.

00:05:51.200 --> 00:05:52.720
Mallorca is like it is,

00:05:52.840 --> 00:05:55.320
or the Balearics or Spain
are like they are,

00:05:55.400 --> 00:05:57.880
because tourism began
during the Franco dictatorship.

00:05:58.000 --> 00:06:01.400
There was no democratic control
over tourism development.

00:06:01.520 --> 00:06:03.800
People back then knew
what they were doing,

00:06:03.920 --> 00:06:07.440
they knew that they were building
with no thought for urban planning.

00:06:07.560 --> 00:06:12.880
They mistakenly thought that tourism
was a temporary thing, but it wasn't.

00:06:13.120 --> 00:06:16.600
Thanks to tourism,
over the last 60 years in particular,

00:06:16.720 --> 00:06:19.480
one hectare of land
has been developed a day.

00:06:19.600 --> 00:06:22.240
That's a mind-blowing figure,
if you stop and think.

00:06:22.360 --> 00:06:24.360
A hectare a day
for 60 years.

00:06:31.280 --> 00:06:37.120
A large part of what was built
in the 1950s, 70s, 90s or now

00:06:37.240 --> 00:06:41.480
in the northern Mediterranean
or Caribbean was built

00:06:41.600 --> 00:06:44.600
with capital whose origin
was far from clear,

00:06:44.680 --> 00:06:48.240
and it was invested in the tourism
sector because where there's cement.

00:06:48.320 --> 00:06:49.700
Money can easily
be laundered.

00:06:49.780 --> 00:06:52.420
That situation hasn't just benefitted
industrialists here,

00:06:52.500 --> 00:06:54.660
but the whole hotel industry
at a worldwide level.

00:06:54.740 --> 00:06:57.840
That's why tourism has grown
so much from those 25 million

00:06:57.960 --> 00:07:01.720
international tourists in the 50s
to today's 1,1 billion.

00:07:01.960 --> 00:07:06.080
I think today’s society lacks
benchmarks and values.

00:07:06.200 --> 00:07:08.480
There’s a big crisis in values.

00:07:08.600 --> 00:07:13.840
People have even come to think
that entrepreneurs are the enemy.

00:07:14.080 --> 00:07:15.560
We are a success case analyzed

00:07:15.680 --> 00:07:18.200
by many other tourist destinations
in the world.

00:07:18.320 --> 00:07:21.840
Undoubtedly, of course there are things
we would have done differently,

00:07:21.960 --> 00:07:23.720
but this happens
in any industry,

00:07:23.800 --> 00:07:26.720
it happens in any other
economic activity where once a period

00:07:26.840 --> 00:07:30.000
has elapsed one realizes that not
everything was done correctly.

00:07:30.080 --> 00:07:32.534
Historically, Andratx
is one of the municipalities

00:07:32.614 --> 00:07:35.880
that have suffered most damage
to their coastlines,

00:07:36.000 --> 00:07:39.880
the heavy development of coastal areas
and even big cases of corruption

00:07:40.000 --> 00:07:45.240
tied in with the business generated
by all the construction

00:07:45.360 --> 00:07:48.880
from tourism development.

00:07:49.120 --> 00:07:52.540
The Balearics are not just the most
touristic area in the whole of Spain,

00:07:52.620 --> 00:07:55.600
but also the most corrupt
if you count the number of court cases

00:07:55.720 --> 00:07:57.440
and people politically involved,

00:07:57.560 --> 00:08:00.920
because it was at a political level
that planning decisions were taken

00:08:01.040 --> 00:08:03.980
permitting the construction
of development estates and hotels

00:08:04.060 --> 00:08:05.520
or the reclassification of land.

00:08:05.800 --> 00:08:07.920
I look at all this
and it makes me cry.

00:08:08.480 --> 00:08:10.880
It's all concrete,
you can't park.

00:08:11.080 --> 00:08:13.320
Before this was a paradise.

00:08:48.745 --> 00:08:51.560
I like Mallorca
because there is…

00:08:51.860 --> 00:08:55.607
it’s a beautiful place,
I love the seaside

00:08:55.687 --> 00:08:59.250
and the beaches and the sea.
It's very clear and nice,

00:08:59.330 --> 00:09:05.314
and also there are a lot of possibilities
to go shopping or whatever…

00:09:05.394 --> 00:09:07.572
to the restaurants.
Everything is nice.

00:09:07.840 --> 00:09:11.480
We can hardly set foot on the beach,
because they're absolutely packed.

00:09:11.600 --> 00:09:14.160
The motorway
is always jammed with traffic.

00:09:14.480 --> 00:09:18.040
The airport is saturated too,

00:09:18.160 --> 00:09:20.640
and the streets and shops...

00:09:21.232 --> 00:09:23.538
You know,
coming from Honolulu Hawaii,

00:09:23.618 --> 00:09:25.765
I feel like there's
even more tourists there,

00:09:25.845 --> 00:09:28.863
and so here I feel there's enough space
to handle all the people,

00:09:28.943 --> 00:09:34.635
whereas in other places all the tourists
are just compacted in one small area.

00:09:34.800 --> 00:09:37.520
I know the island
like the back of my hand,

00:09:37.640 --> 00:09:42.480
and there's no comparison
with when I was a little boy

00:09:42.600 --> 00:09:46.080
or even ten years ago.

00:09:46.160 --> 00:09:48.800
As each day passes,
we're losing a bit more of the island.

00:09:49.200 --> 00:09:52.840
It's got style,
the proximity to Germany of course,

00:09:52.960 --> 00:09:55.000
the flight and arrival times.

00:09:55.360 --> 00:09:57.880
It's simply perfect.
For us, it's perfect.

00:09:58.200 --> 00:10:00.660
I used to go for a swim
at one of Mallorca's beaches,

00:10:00.740 --> 00:10:02.400
especially on Sundays.

00:10:02.520 --> 00:10:05.200
Now I've decided not to go
on Sunday anymore,

00:10:05.320 --> 00:10:10.000
because I think there are
too many people and it stifles me.

00:10:33.680 --> 00:10:35.320
Back in the year 2000,

00:10:35.440 --> 00:10:40.280
we were already concerned that
it was happening frighteningly fast,

00:10:40.640 --> 00:10:46.600
but in just 16 years the number
of tourists has doubled and the island

00:10:46.720 --> 00:10:49.480
and its towns and cities
continue to be the same.

00:10:49.680 --> 00:10:51.360
In another 16 years,

00:10:51.480 --> 00:10:55.200
by my calculation we'll have reached
the 36 million tourist figure.

00:10:55.560 --> 00:10:59.160
That's terribly dangerous.

00:10:59.480 --> 00:11:02.280
We're talking about human pressure
on a tiny region,

00:11:02.400 --> 00:11:04.440
on islands
which are fragile.

00:11:04.560 --> 00:11:08.240
Maybe we're facing the final boom
before we die of success.

00:11:08.360 --> 00:11:11.600
When Mallorca becomes
one big tourism theme park,

00:11:11.720 --> 00:11:13.880
a paradise
will truly have been lost.

00:11:14.040 --> 00:11:17.640
We're committing a very serious
mistake by complaining

00:11:17.760 --> 00:11:22.000
about the success we've achieved
instead of concentrating on managing

00:11:22.120 --> 00:11:24.880
this success and deciding
what steps to take.

00:11:25.000 --> 00:11:29.440
It's very easy at certain moments
to talk about overcrowding and to blame

00:11:29.560 --> 00:11:33.040
our problems
on our visitors,

00:11:33.160 --> 00:11:36.440
but ultimately it's a problem
of management and decision-making.

00:11:36.540 --> 00:11:39.380
We've got to bear in mind
that tourism is growing worldwide

00:11:39.560 --> 00:11:45.080
and that the trend
is not slowing down

00:11:45.200 --> 00:11:46.800
but continuing to rise.

00:11:47.000 --> 00:11:50.600
We live off tourism and what choice
do we have if we make a living from it?

00:11:50.720 --> 00:11:54.920
However, we lived off tourism 60 years
ago, and it wasn't like this.

00:11:55.040 --> 00:11:58.400
So we can still continue
to live off it

00:11:58.520 --> 00:12:04.240
but without
this absolutely absurd growth.

00:12:04.600 --> 00:12:07.400
It's very important
that over the last two years

00:12:07.520 --> 00:12:12.529
social debate has began to question
the supposed benefits of tourism,

00:12:12.609 --> 00:12:15.960
raising the issue
of the negative consequences

00:12:16.080 --> 00:12:19.280
that societies
fully dedicated to tourism,

00:12:19.400 --> 00:12:20.960
like Mallorca, are experiencing.

00:12:21.080 --> 00:12:25.040
Tourism is changing.

00:12:25.160 --> 00:12:28.800
Tourists are less interested
in being tourists

00:12:28.920 --> 00:12:31.080
as they want to become
quasi residents.

00:12:31.280 --> 00:12:34.840
They try and visit the same restaurants
and bars as locals.

00:12:34.960 --> 00:12:37.520
As we're seeing
with holiday rentals,

00:12:37.640 --> 00:12:41.301
they're even trying to stay
in places similar to the residents.

00:12:41.560 --> 00:12:44.720
This has led to growing proximity
between tourists and residents,

00:12:44.840 --> 00:12:50.560
so that often those tourists
who were at arm's length

00:12:50.680 --> 00:12:52.680
are now on my doorstep.

00:12:55.579 --> 00:12:59.992
A wave of protests against mass
tourism has spread across Europe,

00:13:00.072 --> 00:13:02.287
the most obvious example
is Venice,

00:13:02.367 --> 00:13:06.692
a city that will have
no inhabitants by 2030

00:13:06.772 --> 00:13:09.957
if things are allowed to continue
at the present rate.

00:13:10.037 --> 00:13:11.853
But Venice is not alone.

00:13:12.033 --> 00:13:18.033
In Barcelona, Amsterdam,
Lisbon and many other destinations

00:13:18.796 --> 00:13:23.515
the local populations are complaining
that their cities are being converted

00:13:23.595 --> 00:13:27.009
into theme parks where,
if you're not a tourist,

00:13:27.402 --> 00:13:28.697
you're in the way.

00:13:29.620 --> 00:13:33.640
What we can't do is to treat tourists
like dirt when, fortunately for us,

00:13:33.760 --> 00:13:37.560
they come here,
spend their money

00:13:37.680 --> 00:13:40.200
and keep
many Spaniards employed.

00:13:40.320 --> 00:13:42.400
For me, that's ridiculous.

00:13:42.680 --> 00:13:47.560
To believe our country would be better
off without tourism is idiotic.

00:13:47.680 --> 00:13:52.800
It's like denying reality or finding
an excuse to cause trouble...

00:13:53.240 --> 00:13:56.600
Tourism-phobia
is the worst thing

00:13:56.720 --> 00:13:58.800
we've seen on our streets
for a long time.

00:14:02.840 --> 00:14:05.880
We have nothing
against tourism.

00:14:06.000 --> 00:14:11.400
The problem is a model
that is messing up the lives

00:14:11.520 --> 00:14:15.320
of the people
living in these places.

00:14:15.440 --> 00:14:19.400
So we wanted to expose
this tourism model

00:14:19.520 --> 00:14:25.000
and spark a debate
on what to do about tourism.

00:14:25.120 --> 00:14:28.840
It's not a case of tourism-phobia,
as they say,

00:14:28.960 --> 00:14:30.760
because phobias
are irrational fears,

00:14:30.880 --> 00:14:32.640
and this isn't irrational.

00:14:41.840 --> 00:14:43.000
Over the last few days,

00:14:43.120 --> 00:14:46.440
we've witnessed what's been described
as tourism-phobia.

00:14:46.560 --> 00:14:48.040
It's an interesting label,

00:14:48.160 --> 00:14:52.240
probably deliberately used
by those wishing to demonize

00:14:52.360 --> 00:14:53.720
the underlying reasons,

00:14:53.840 --> 00:14:58.400
ideas and problems
that make citizens so fed up.

00:14:58.680 --> 00:15:01.840
Tourism-phobia is caused
by uncontrolled tourism,

00:15:01.960 --> 00:15:05.640
a misunderstood notion of tourism
that saturates the whole place.

00:15:05.760 --> 00:15:07.560
That's what generates tourism-phobia

00:15:07.680 --> 00:15:10.320
and the clash
with the local population.

00:15:10.440 --> 00:15:15.440
I think tourism has generated
wellbeing and employment.

00:15:16.000 --> 00:15:20.920
What's changed is that now
that same tourism is destroying

00:15:21.040 --> 00:15:23.160
the wellbeing
and causing precarious jobs.

00:15:23.280 --> 00:15:27.440
A record year for tourism means
that we'll work till we bust,

00:15:27.960 --> 00:15:30.080
because they won't take
on extra staff

00:15:30.200 --> 00:15:32.880
and that's the worst of it.

00:15:33.160 --> 00:15:37.945
Obviously there has to be tourism,
I'm not against it.

00:15:38.025 --> 00:15:39.880
I've lived off tourism
all my life.

00:15:40.000 --> 00:15:42.760
But overcrowding
is pointless.

00:15:43.040 --> 00:15:45.800
Let it all burn in summer

00:15:46.080 --> 00:15:48.840
and all the rest of the year.

00:15:49.080 --> 00:15:51.800
The profits from tourism

00:15:51.920 --> 00:15:54.920
are worth our sacrifice.

00:15:55.040 --> 00:15:57.840
Let it all burn due to the damage

00:15:58.080 --> 00:16:00.960
you and I have caused

00:16:01.280 --> 00:16:03.840
Destroying the paradise

00:16:04.200 --> 00:16:06.960
is a new form of terrorism.

00:16:07.320 --> 00:16:09.880
Come, come, come and dance

00:16:10.400 --> 00:16:13.080
this danse macabre.

00:16:13.480 --> 00:16:16.120
You can't, can't, can't escape.

00:16:16.400 --> 00:16:19.400
The dance floor is in flames.

00:16:19.640 --> 00:16:23.360
Come, come, give me your heat,
summer...

00:16:23.600 --> 00:16:26.600
This is Ca'n Pere Antoni beach,
on Palma's waterfront.

00:16:26.720 --> 00:16:28.600
Palma's main urban beach,

00:16:28.720 --> 00:16:34.320
with one of the main
sewage outlets in the city.

00:16:34.440 --> 00:16:36.000
When it works well,
it's fine,

00:16:36.120 --> 00:16:39.680
but when it's overloaded
it can't cope

00:16:39.800 --> 00:16:44.880
and bathing has to be banned
in a sad reflection

00:16:45.000 --> 00:16:49.960
on the quality
of the Balearic capital's beach.

00:16:50.120 --> 00:16:56.040
The waste generated, water consumed,
number of cars and land use here

00:16:56.160 --> 00:17:01.160
is equivalent to that of a region
14 times larger than ours.

00:17:01.400 --> 00:17:06.560
That is, if Mallorca was Planet Earth,
we'd need 14 planets to support us.

00:17:06.760 --> 00:17:10.320
Our carrying capacity
is being imported from elsewhere.

00:17:10.880 --> 00:17:13.600
For instance, we're importing coal
from South Africa

00:17:13.720 --> 00:17:19.000
to burn in Es Murterar power stations
to produce electricity.

00:17:19.120 --> 00:17:23.480
We're importing food
from the rest of the planet

00:17:23.600 --> 00:17:28.520
for an increasing demand

00:17:28.640 --> 00:17:32.320
from residents and tourists.

00:17:32.640 --> 00:17:34.800
Is that sustainable?
Clearly not.

00:17:37.849 --> 00:17:41.534
90% of everything Mallorca
consumes is imported.

00:17:42.476 --> 00:17:46.755
This contrasts
with the European average of 40%.

00:17:47.172 --> 00:17:51.910
The island requires
ever increasing amounts of fuel and goods

00:17:52.152 --> 00:17:54.641
to meet the growing demand.

00:17:56.329 --> 00:17:59.768
Water scarcity
is also a growing problem.

00:18:00.693 --> 00:18:04.681
With recurrent droughts,
desalination plants have been built.

00:18:05.438 --> 00:18:10.085
Unfortunately they are heavily dependent
on fossil fuels,

00:18:10.165 --> 00:18:15.510
as, in the Balearic Islands
only 2% of the energy that is generated

00:18:15.590 --> 00:18:18.055
comes from renewable sources.

00:18:18.135 --> 00:18:21.917
With 11 million tourists
each season,

00:18:21.997 --> 00:18:25.801
pollution is breaking new records
every year.

00:18:25.881 --> 00:18:28.775
From the emissions
of aircrafts and cruise ships,

00:18:28.855 --> 00:18:33.724
to increased waste and the huge number
of cars on the roads,

00:18:34.462 --> 00:18:38.233
which doubles the European average
of cars per inhabitant.

00:18:47.320 --> 00:18:51.280
90,000 hire cars
from the mainland,

00:18:51.680 --> 00:18:55.400
which don't contribute
but do pollute,

00:18:56.000 --> 00:18:57.960
which don't pay
any tax here...

00:18:58.520 --> 00:19:01.920
It shouldn't be allowed.

00:19:02.200 --> 00:19:05.720
We're in front of a field
of hire cars,

00:19:06.000 --> 00:19:10.600
one of the new images of Mallorcan
tourism and overcrowding.

00:19:10.760 --> 00:19:14.000
You'll say:
"It affects you due to your business."

00:19:14.120 --> 00:19:17.360
That's right,
it does affect me and all of us,

00:19:17.560 --> 00:19:21.400
because the increase
in the traffic this year,

00:19:21.520 --> 00:19:25.080
not compared with many years ago
but with last year,

00:19:25.160 --> 00:19:26.800
has been absolutely unbelievable.

00:19:26.880 --> 00:19:28.840
There's another
very important factor too.

00:19:28.960 --> 00:19:31.600
Over 15 to 20 years,

00:19:31.720 --> 00:19:36.640
the population of the Balearics,
Mallorca and Palma has risen by 30%.

00:19:36.840 --> 00:19:39.720
Many tourists who used to come
to the island to relax

00:19:40.000 --> 00:19:45.000
have stopped coming
because that paradise no longer exists,

00:19:45.120 --> 00:19:48.520
because now wherever you go,
there are queues.

00:19:49.040 --> 00:19:55.000
We're reaching
saturation point

00:19:55.400 --> 00:19:58.680
and tourists are realizing

00:19:58.800 --> 00:20:01.480
that the islands
are starting to become overcrowded.

00:20:01.600 --> 00:20:02.800
And that's worrying.

00:20:02.940 --> 00:20:05.880
Tourists don't like being surrounded
by lots of other tourists,

00:20:06.000 --> 00:20:11.000
because they want a certain
exclusiveness to their holiday.

00:20:11.120 --> 00:20:14.880
So, paradoxically,
tourists themselves are the first

00:20:14.960 --> 00:20:17.880
to feel uneasy when they're surrounded
by loads of their peers.

00:20:49.120 --> 00:20:52.320
One of the main issues
that we're working on

00:20:52.440 --> 00:20:55.440
is the intensification
of cruise ship tourism.

00:20:55.640 --> 00:20:59.400
We've identified peaks,
even in October last year,

00:20:59.520 --> 00:21:02.560
when seven cruise ships
were moored in the Port of Palma.

00:21:02.720 --> 00:21:08.280
For us, the Port of Palma
shouldn't have more than two or three

00:21:08.400 --> 00:21:13.800
big cruise ships a day, otherwise
the city becomes impossible to live in.

00:21:13.920 --> 00:21:17.760
So when decisions are made
on the port's carrying capacity,

00:21:17.840 --> 00:21:20.393
the resident population
should be taken into account,

00:21:20.473 --> 00:21:21.737
not just business owners.

00:21:21.997 --> 00:21:27.621
Cruise ship tourism is often seen
as a very good, luxurious type of tourism

00:21:27.701 --> 00:21:29.258
that brings in a lot of money.

00:21:29.338 --> 00:21:35.298
These tourists do spend a lot of money
but most of it goes to one company.

00:21:35.378 --> 00:21:37.513
It’s a very centralised form
of tourism.

00:21:37.593 --> 00:21:41.768
All the overcrowding,
all the pollution they cause,

00:21:43.000 --> 00:21:48.797
all the disturbance to local life
is not worth that small amount of money.

00:21:48.960 --> 00:21:53.800
Politically, a bid has been made
to make Palma a leading reference

00:21:53.920 --> 00:21:55.720
for cruise ships
in the Mediterranean,

00:21:55.840 --> 00:21:59.720
without consulting
the local population or the city.

00:21:59.840 --> 00:22:01.440
Like the airport.

00:22:01.560 --> 00:22:05.000
The state has total authority
and decisions are made

00:22:05.120 --> 00:22:09.120
solely from the point of view
of optimizing business and boosting

00:22:09.240 --> 00:22:13.200
the number of cruise ship passengers
to the islands.

00:22:13.480 --> 00:22:16.862
A vicious circle
was theorized in tourism,

00:22:16.942 --> 00:22:20.723
a negative spiral,
which is when day trippers

00:22:20.803 --> 00:22:25.704
are becoming more in numbers
and day trippers have the goal

00:22:25.784 --> 00:22:28.290
to see the major attractions only.

00:22:28.370 --> 00:22:30.471
Therefore, they will, by nature,

00:22:30.551 --> 00:22:33.217
create overcrowding
in the main spaces of the city

00:22:33.297 --> 00:22:36.303
and will not spend
because they do not have time for that.

00:22:36.383 --> 00:22:40.880
Therefore, tourists seeking
a relaxed and immersive experience

00:22:40.960 --> 00:22:43.041
will be much disturbed,
not only locals

00:22:43.121 --> 00:22:46.205
but also quality tourists
will be disturbed by these crowds.

00:22:46.400 --> 00:22:48.080
Palma is jam-packed every day,

00:22:48.200 --> 00:22:52.760
particularly where we are now,
in the old quarter.

00:22:52.840 --> 00:22:56.120
And the danger is that the old quarter
will be turned into a theme park.

00:22:56.200 --> 00:22:59.720
Tourism depersonalizes,
we see this in Palma itself,

00:22:59.840 --> 00:23:01.160
the city where we are now.

00:23:01.280 --> 00:23:05.800
The gradual replacement
of Mallorca's traditional shops

00:23:05.920 --> 00:23:10.000
with franchises,
souvenir shops and ice cream parlours,

00:23:10.120 --> 00:23:12.920
which are
what cruise ship tourists seek.

00:23:13.040 --> 00:23:14.600
It's not good for Palma,

00:23:14.720 --> 00:23:16.640
because we're interested in offering

00:23:16.760 --> 00:23:20.160
unique products
you can't find elsewhere.

00:23:25.200 --> 00:23:28.680
"The City for its Inhabitants"
got together because

00:23:28.800 --> 00:23:34.080
a whole series of people thought
this situation was unsustainable

00:23:34.880 --> 00:23:37.480
and that something had to be done.

00:23:38.120 --> 00:23:40.440
Walking through the neighbourhood,

00:23:40.560 --> 00:23:45.960
these calls by local residents

00:23:46.080 --> 00:23:48.800
are reflected
by the association's one,

00:23:48.920 --> 00:23:52.640
two, three, four,

00:23:53.280 --> 00:23:58.960
five, six banners
of "The City for its Inhabitants".

00:23:59.160 --> 00:24:00.840
There was a tobacconist's here.

00:24:01.400 --> 00:24:05.000
A baker's there,
now closed down too.

00:24:05.400 --> 00:24:09.960
A butcher's, also closed.

00:24:10.600 --> 00:24:13.040
A photographer.

00:24:14.960 --> 00:24:19.680
Even a brothel here

00:24:19.800 --> 00:24:23.200
called "Los Faroles".

00:24:23.320 --> 00:24:25.200
There was everything.

00:24:25.720 --> 00:24:31.600
Changes in shops and bars
mean that Palma is undergoing

00:24:31.720 --> 00:24:35.080
such a fast metamorphosis
that many people feel like outsiders

00:24:35.200 --> 00:24:36.440
in their own city.

00:24:36.640 --> 00:24:38.440
It's odd,

00:24:38.560 --> 00:24:43.400
but I'm starting
to feel like an outsider

00:24:44.240 --> 00:24:45.440
in my own neighbourhood.

00:25:15.880 --> 00:25:19.320
Paella, paella, paella!

00:25:19.680 --> 00:25:23.200
Sangria, sangria, sangria!

00:25:27.240 --> 00:25:30.720
They told me
that with an all-inclusive,

00:25:30.840 --> 00:25:36.000
I could see
the Great Wall of China,

00:25:36.120 --> 00:25:40.760
the Parthenon and Machu Picchu,
all included!

00:25:45.680 --> 00:25:49.320
We're calling on the people of Palma
to take back the city

00:25:49.440 --> 00:25:52.640
from tourism's colonialist hands
and from its invaders.

00:25:52.760 --> 00:25:54.480
We resist where we reside.

00:25:54.600 --> 00:25:57.160
The city for its inhabitants,
not for visitors.

00:26:05.200 --> 00:26:07.200
Big successful cities,

00:26:07.320 --> 00:26:13.040
not just Barcelona or Venice
but also Prague, Vienna,

00:26:13.160 --> 00:26:16.120
Amsterdam and many other cities,

00:26:16.240 --> 00:26:20.480
some one hundred European cities,
are suffering from the same problem:

00:26:20.600 --> 00:26:23.640
too sharp a rise

00:26:23.760 --> 00:26:28.000
in urban tourism or sightseeing.

00:26:28.400 --> 00:26:31.360
These cities have gentrification,

00:26:31.480 --> 00:26:33.840
the local people's expulsion
from the neighbourhood

00:26:33.920 --> 00:26:35.960
they've lived in all their lives
and, second,

00:26:36.080 --> 00:26:41.640
the feeling that their city is alien
to them and no longer what it was.

00:26:41.760 --> 00:26:43.800
The city is dead for its residents,

00:26:43.920 --> 00:26:46.120
so many of them leave

00:26:46.240 --> 00:26:50.840
or end up living
almost hidden away there,

00:26:50.960 --> 00:26:56.760
in anonymity, coming out
when the tourists aren't there.

00:26:57.000 --> 00:27:02.800
We've been renting this house
for 79 years, first my parents

00:27:03.600 --> 00:27:09.200
and, when they died,
I transferred it into my name.

00:27:09.480 --> 00:27:14.000
Now they've sold
the whole building to a Swede

00:27:14.800 --> 00:27:16.680
and I've no idea
what'll happen.

00:27:17.440 --> 00:27:21.920
This is one of the most popular streets
in the old quarter

00:27:22.040 --> 00:27:27.080
and it's full
of holiday apartments.

00:27:27.200 --> 00:27:28.760
The locals have gone.

00:27:29.280 --> 00:27:32.240
All the buildings,
like this one,

00:27:32.360 --> 00:27:36.960
are full of holiday rentals
and they're trying to buy

00:27:37.080 --> 00:27:38.360
this one you can see here.

00:27:38.480 --> 00:27:42.120
Everything's been sold
for foreigners to rent.

00:27:42.240 --> 00:27:45.360
You pay for an apartment
and in five years you've made back

00:27:45.480 --> 00:27:47.640
the money by charging €600 a week.

00:27:47.760 --> 00:27:52.800
This one, this one and the top one.
The locals have to move out.

00:27:53.160 --> 00:27:56.480
Areas with certain distinguishing

00:27:56.600 --> 00:27:59.840
features that set them apart

00:27:59.960 --> 00:28:05.080
are commodified
for tourism purposes.

00:28:05.200 --> 00:28:07.080
They have a certain identity,

00:28:07.200 --> 00:28:12.480
forged socially over time,

00:28:12.600 --> 00:28:17.000
not through remunerated efforts

00:28:17.120 --> 00:28:22.560
but community ones
by all the locals.

00:28:22.680 --> 00:28:25.840
All this gives these places
a set of characteristics

00:28:25.960 --> 00:28:29.000
that makes them unique, special.

00:28:29.440 --> 00:28:35.080
And it is precisely these places
that are being turned

00:28:35.200 --> 00:28:37.240
into tourism commodities.

00:28:40.469 --> 00:28:42.977
The local population
in the Balearic Islands

00:28:43.177 --> 00:28:47.505
has to save a quantity equivalent
to 14 years salary

00:28:47.585 --> 00:28:49.477
to be able
to buy a property.

00:28:50.064 --> 00:28:53.262
This is twice the average
of the rest of Spain

00:28:53.342 --> 00:28:57.058
and makes the Balearics
the hardest part of Spain

00:28:57.138 --> 00:28:59.403
for a local resident
to buy a home.

00:29:00.293 --> 00:29:04.119
The demand for real estate by foreigners
searching for second homes

00:29:04.199 --> 00:29:07.721
has caused prices
to rocket in recent years.

00:29:08.842 --> 00:29:13.201
In 2017 alone,
foreigners accounted

00:29:13.281 --> 00:29:16.726
for over half the real estate
that changed hands.

00:29:17.520 --> 00:29:20.347
This has lead
to increasing number of areas

00:29:20.427 --> 00:29:25.414
that are seeing the local population
gradually pushed out by tourists.

00:29:25.694 --> 00:29:31.319
Meanwhile, the issue of vacation
rentals has caused ongoing disputes.

00:29:31.399 --> 00:29:34.752
To deal with the social
and environmental impacts,

00:29:35.232 --> 00:29:39.452
Palma City Council,
in April 2018,

00:29:39.532 --> 00:29:42.304
approved a ban
on vacation rentals

00:29:42.384 --> 00:29:45.845
in residential apartment blocks
and terraced properties.

00:30:14.120 --> 00:30:18.440
With this harmless expression
"a holiday rental",

00:30:18.560 --> 00:30:21.120
many well-intentioned people say:

00:30:21.240 --> 00:30:26.960
"Why can't ordinary people benefit
from tourism by renting an apartment."

00:30:27.080 --> 00:30:31.880
Careful though, because this is
the final warning sign.

00:30:32.200 --> 00:30:37.600
It's when tourism
hasn't only taken over

00:30:37.720 --> 00:30:41.280
areas outside the city
and the city streets,

00:30:41.400 --> 00:30:45.480
transforming the city's facilities
and its uses,

00:30:45.600 --> 00:30:50.280
but it's also occupying
what's left: buildings and homes.

00:30:50.520 --> 00:30:56.000
And a teacher, doctor or waiter comes
here and can't rent an apartment.

00:30:56.120 --> 00:31:00.160
That's really serious because
the social fabric is being lost.

00:31:00.280 --> 00:31:03.080
It's physically disappearing
from the city.

00:31:03.280 --> 00:31:08.620
Holiday lets have made the tourism
business more democratic,

00:31:08.700 --> 00:31:10.860
sharing out the cake
among many more people.

00:31:10.940 --> 00:31:15.240
In other words, tourists who stay
in a holiday home are forced to buy

00:31:15.360 --> 00:31:17.640
the essentials they need
outside it.

00:31:17.760 --> 00:31:22.640
There are no restaurants in it
so they eat at local restaurants.

00:31:22.760 --> 00:31:26.320
Holiday rentals help to redistribute
tourism revenue,

00:31:26.400 --> 00:31:28.000
more than an all-inclusive hotel.

00:31:28.200 --> 00:31:30.040
People don't have a home.

00:31:30.160 --> 00:31:34.480
I want to rent a place and I can't find
one because people say:

00:31:34.600 --> 00:31:37.200
"No, it's just for two months"
or whatever,

00:31:37.320 --> 00:31:41.240
because a foreigner comes
willing to pay €1500 a week

00:31:41.360 --> 00:31:42.760
and of course they get it.

00:31:42.880 --> 00:31:44.820
So rents have shot up.

00:31:44.900 --> 00:31:47.720
It's not just that they've gone up.
You can't find anything.

00:31:47.840 --> 00:31:51.080
For €1000,
you get a load of crap.

00:31:51.560 --> 00:31:55.200
It's because of holiday rentals.
That's why I'm against them.

00:31:55.640 --> 00:31:57.200
It's when there's a change of use

00:31:57.320 --> 00:31:59.075
from residential to tourism

00:31:59.155 --> 00:32:01.960
that logically
there's a clash of interests

00:32:02.080 --> 00:32:07.160
with the local population.

00:32:07.280 --> 00:32:11.320
Then you could say
that the urban planning regulations

00:32:11.440 --> 00:32:14.000
have been infringed
or community living violated.

00:32:14.080 --> 00:32:16.760
What is evident is that these are
permanent changes of use,

00:32:16.880 --> 00:32:18.280
with shifting tourism.

00:32:18.360 --> 00:32:20.040
It might not have been written down,

00:32:20.160 --> 00:32:24.240
but a consensus was reached by all
stakeholders in the Balearics...

00:32:24.760 --> 00:32:28.920
by employers, the government,
ecologist groups and social entities,

00:32:29.040 --> 00:32:35.000
agreeing that our capacity
for accommodation had reached a limit.

00:32:35.120 --> 00:32:41.080
With the emergence of new sales systems
and new products,

00:32:41.200 --> 00:32:44.200
essentially accommodation
in tourism apartments,

00:32:44.320 --> 00:32:49.120
that unwritten pact was broken,
it was shattered.

00:32:49.240 --> 00:32:52.560
We can't increase
the accommodation we offer

00:32:52.680 --> 00:32:56.320
to such an extent, because it ends up
concentrating in the months

00:32:56.440 --> 00:32:59.800
when we already have
big sustainability problems.

00:33:00.040 --> 00:33:02.480
There have always been
holiday rentals in Mallorca,

00:33:02.600 --> 00:33:05.240
without the controversy
that there is now,

00:33:05.360 --> 00:33:07.640
for a number of reasons.

00:33:07.760 --> 00:33:12.526
The number of holiday rentals

00:33:12.606 --> 00:33:15.157
has soared.

00:33:15.440 --> 00:33:18.560
Just think:
one site alone, Airbnb,

00:33:18.680 --> 00:33:23.400
offers over 100,000 tourism beds
just in Mallorca.

00:33:24.120 --> 00:33:25.560
That's incredible.

00:33:25.680 --> 00:33:27.920
But then you've got Homeaway,
for instance,

00:33:28.040 --> 00:33:32.054
which offers 160,000 beds

00:33:32.134 --> 00:33:33.600
throughout the Balearics.

00:33:34.280 --> 00:33:35.920
That's what has caused the change.

00:33:36.040 --> 00:33:38.800
Holiday rentals
were done on a small scale

00:33:38.880 --> 00:33:41.120
and now the global marketplace
has come to Mallorca

00:33:41.240 --> 00:33:43.160
and it's being done
on a huge scale.

00:34:19.200 --> 00:34:21.080
We're outside Palma Airport,

00:34:21.200 --> 00:34:24.600
infrastructure
that has played a key role

00:34:24.720 --> 00:34:27.720
in today's tourism overcrowding

00:34:27.840 --> 00:34:32.800
and in the little scope
that we have to influence the decisions

00:34:32.920 --> 00:34:36.600
that are taken
in this major gateway to the island.

00:34:36.700 --> 00:34:39.240
Of all the public investment
channelled into the Balearics,

00:34:39.320 --> 00:34:42.420
record figures have always gone
to the airport because the capital

00:34:42.500 --> 00:34:44.760
can be used to boost
tourist arrivals ad finitum.

00:34:45.000 --> 00:34:46.120
This July,

00:34:46.240 --> 00:34:49.040
aircraft movements here have surpassed
those of Gatwick,

00:34:49.160 --> 00:34:53.640
one of the most important airports
we can compare ourselves with.

00:34:53.960 --> 00:34:58.680
Only airports as big as Heathrow,

00:34:58.800 --> 00:35:00.800
Munich and Frankfurt rank higher.

00:35:01.080 --> 00:35:02.640
To give you an idea,

00:35:02.760 --> 00:35:07.000
European growth
was 2.9%,

00:35:07.120 --> 00:35:09.600
while here it was 10.7%.

00:35:09.880 --> 00:35:11.760
We do indeed have lots of visitors,

00:35:11.880 --> 00:35:16.760
but you've also got to recognize
that to maintain the number

00:35:16.880 --> 00:35:20.200
of tourist stays, for instance,
more visitors are needed,

00:35:20.320 --> 00:35:23.914
because the average length
of stay

00:35:23.994 --> 00:35:26.560
has gone down
by 50% in 30 years.

00:35:26.800 --> 00:35:31.320
We have no authority
over strategic management

00:35:31.440 --> 00:35:35.280
of increases
in airport activity.

00:35:35.400 --> 00:35:37.560
That's in State hands
and those of AENA,

00:35:37.680 --> 00:35:39.920
a company that has also been
semi-privatized...

00:35:40.120 --> 00:35:44.560
...and it became a listed company,
focused on profit-making.

00:35:45.840 --> 00:35:48.280
It's clearly a business.

00:35:48.640 --> 00:35:51.840
Whoever's ultimately
responsible for management,

00:35:51.960 --> 00:35:54.560
an agreement could be reached
on how many visitors

00:35:54.680 --> 00:35:56.360
the island should receive.

00:35:56.720 --> 00:36:01.000
You can't allow decisions
from outside to be taken

00:36:01.120 --> 00:36:03.640
on things
you know so well.

00:36:09.181 --> 00:36:12.028
Following the season
with the greatest human pressure

00:36:12.108 --> 00:36:13.289
in Mallorca’s history,

00:36:13.369 --> 00:36:17.372
in 2017
the airport authorities

00:36:17.452 --> 00:36:21.270
decided to invest
300 million euros

00:36:21.350 --> 00:36:24.204
to boost arrivals by 21%,

00:36:24.891 --> 00:36:29.408
enabling Palma airport to deal
with up to 80 flights per hour.

00:36:29.488 --> 00:36:34.017
A move aimed at increasing arrivals
during the busiest months.

00:36:36.640 --> 00:36:39.480
We want to decide
and we want to decide now.

00:36:39.920 --> 00:36:42.960
We want to decide on taxes
and the finance we generate,

00:36:43.080 --> 00:36:45.200
to collect them and manage them.

00:36:45.320 --> 00:36:48.880
And we also want to decide
on our major infrastructure,

00:36:49.000 --> 00:36:50.680
ports and airports.

00:36:50.920 --> 00:36:53.840
We have to believe it's worth it
to achieve our end goal:

00:36:53.960 --> 00:36:58.200
the wellbeing and rights
of the people who live here.

00:36:58.320 --> 00:36:59.440
Many thanks.

00:37:06.520 --> 00:37:09.380
Well, I think that... instead
of talking about setting limit,

00:37:09.460 --> 00:37:12.880
something that's very popular,
we should talk about management.

00:37:13.000 --> 00:37:16.080
There's room for far more visitors
if we redistribute the flows.

00:37:16.200 --> 00:37:18.200
That's the big challenge
business faces.

00:37:18.320 --> 00:37:21.560
That's why they've improved
their infrastructure and facilities.

00:37:21.640 --> 00:37:24.680
Tourist arrivals should be spread
across the 12 months of the year.

00:37:24.800 --> 00:37:29.720
The problem with this idea
is that winter arrivals increase,

00:37:29.840 --> 00:37:32.160
but then summer ones
can't be reduced.

00:37:32.280 --> 00:37:37.040
So winter numbers
are successfully boosted

00:37:37.520 --> 00:37:40.080
but summer numbers don't drop.

00:37:40.419 --> 00:37:43.538
Often we speak
about developing tourism industry

00:37:43.618 --> 00:37:46.173
as a one way street.
We have to develop

00:37:46.253 --> 00:37:49.928
to get more and more tourists
and of course societies oppose this.

00:37:50.008 --> 00:37:54.441
Development is not only
about creating new spaces

00:37:54.521 --> 00:37:57.491
and new forms
and new time frames for tourism

00:37:57.571 --> 00:38:02.140
but developing is also
about adding to the quality

00:38:02.220 --> 00:38:05.456
and changing
to the best practices the worst.

00:38:05.536 --> 00:38:09.101
We have to change our attitude
of regulation development

00:38:09.181 --> 00:38:13.104
to give space to good forms of tourism
and develop them,

00:38:13.184 --> 00:38:16.446
by also restricting
bad forms of tourism.

00:38:16.760 --> 00:38:18.769
For 30 years in Mallorca
we've been talking

00:38:18.849 --> 00:38:21.960
about prolonging the holiday season
and now we're managing to do so.

00:38:22.040 --> 00:38:24.297
And now you hear voices saying:
"no, no, not now…

00:38:24.377 --> 00:38:27.579
Don't extend the season,
because I want peace and quiet in winter."

00:38:27.659 --> 00:38:31.200
Logically, if people who work
in tourism were able to choose

00:38:31.320 --> 00:38:34.760
between a 6
or a 12-month contract...

00:38:35.680 --> 00:38:39.680
I think most people would opt
for employment stability.

00:38:40.040 --> 00:38:42.000
What was our production model like?

00:38:42.360 --> 00:38:47.480
It consisted of six incredibly
intensive months, with full occupancy,

00:38:48.080 --> 00:38:51.000
intensive unskilled labour,

00:38:51.720 --> 00:38:54.880
and in winter everything closed down
and the workforce unemployed.

00:38:55.840 --> 00:38:57.400
No way
can that model work.

00:38:57.600 --> 00:39:00.080
Another interesting
recent phenomenon is that,

00:39:00.200 --> 00:39:05.080
here in Mallorca, tourism used
to be concentrated in tourist resorts

00:39:05.200 --> 00:39:07.400
like this for six months of the year.

00:39:07.920 --> 00:39:09.200
What's happened lately?

00:39:09.320 --> 00:39:13.600
Tourists now come all year round
and they've gradually spilled out

00:39:13.720 --> 00:39:15.560
of the resorts
across the whole island.

00:39:15.680 --> 00:39:21.280
That's led to friction between
the local and tourist populations.

00:39:33.360 --> 00:39:35.880
Mallorca receives too many tourists.

00:39:36.160 --> 00:39:39.840
The problem is not that the natives
are uncomfortable,

00:39:39.920 --> 00:39:42.400
the problem is that we can't attend
properly to them,

00:39:42.520 --> 00:39:43.680
and that's very serious.

00:39:43.800 --> 00:39:48.320
First, for a Mallorcan it's easier
to get to Hamburg, Edinburgh or Glasgow

00:39:48.400 --> 00:39:50.080
than to go
to Madrid or Barcelona.

00:39:50.160 --> 00:39:53.080
Now, too, it's easier to get
to Edinburgh, Hamburg or Glasgow

00:39:53.160 --> 00:39:54.800
than to go
to a beach in Mallorca.

00:39:54.920 --> 00:39:57.440
A Mallorcan can no longer go
to a local beach.

00:39:58.320 --> 00:40:03.720
They're so overcrowded
that they've had to limit access.

00:40:07.440 --> 00:40:10.600
The islands are at their limit
in terms of resources,

00:40:10.720 --> 00:40:15.080
infrastructure and even their capacity
to deal with the number of tourists

00:40:15.200 --> 00:40:16.400
who come here each year.

00:40:16.520 --> 00:40:18.400
And we have tourists of all kinds:

00:40:18.520 --> 00:40:23.800
sun and sand, congress, nature,
hikers, cruise ship tourism.

00:40:23.920 --> 00:40:26.200
We have like
a testing ground for tourism.

00:40:26.320 --> 00:40:29.280
The end result is that,
one way or another,

00:40:29.400 --> 00:40:34.120
tourism has an increasingly
huge ecological footprint.

00:40:34.560 --> 00:40:39.440
Unsustainable forms of tourism aren't
being replaced with gentler forms.

00:40:39.560 --> 00:40:43.400
In the end, it's all unsustainable
because it all adds up.

00:40:43.520 --> 00:40:46.920
The tourist segments with a worse
impact are not being reduced.

00:40:47.040 --> 00:40:49.080
Quite the opposite.
They continue to grow.

00:40:49.200 --> 00:40:51.880
And more and more products
are offered...

00:40:51.960 --> 00:40:54.120
That little corner of paradise
left in Minorca,

00:40:54.240 --> 00:40:56.480
that little beach
in Formentera,

00:40:56.600 --> 00:40:59.760
the Tramuntana mountains,
nautical tourism...

00:41:00.480 --> 00:41:02.520
It's a permanent attack

00:41:02.640 --> 00:41:07.120
on the Balearics' final paradises
and in other areas of the world, too.

00:41:33.240 --> 00:41:37.560
I think sometimes new technologies
convey the wrong message:

00:41:37.680 --> 00:41:40.520
one with almost collector
connotations.

00:41:40.640 --> 00:41:43.520
Let's collect a photo
from Na Foradada lookout.

00:41:44.040 --> 00:41:46.440
It's a stressful message.

00:41:46.960 --> 00:41:49.160
In reality, you arrive stressed out,

00:41:49.280 --> 00:41:55.240
wanting to reach that place
to show you've arrived

00:41:55.360 --> 00:41:56.480
and taken the photo.

00:41:56.560 --> 00:41:59.160
And you leave even more stressed out
than when you came.

00:41:59.280 --> 00:42:00.800
That's pretty senseless.

00:42:01.120 --> 00:42:05.280
You can't feel satisfied
with your holiday

00:42:05.400 --> 00:42:08.360
if everywhere is overcrowded.

00:42:25.000 --> 00:42:30.040
This was a little fishing village
with very few people.

00:42:30.160 --> 00:42:33.040
Recently it's changed.

00:42:33.440 --> 00:42:37.840
It started to be publicized
as "the last hidden corner of Mallorca"

00:42:37.960 --> 00:42:39.600
and it's become overcrowded.

00:42:39.720 --> 00:42:41.320
It's undergone a radical change.

00:42:41.400 --> 00:42:43.800
It's gone from having
four people swimming down there

00:42:43.920 --> 00:42:46.480
to over 300 people a day.

00:42:46.600 --> 00:42:52.280
Our theory is that
for every selfie that is taken saying:

00:42:52.400 --> 00:42:56.320
"Hi. I'm at Calo des Moro,"

00:42:56.440 --> 00:43:00.520
next year there'll be six or seven
more people coming here.

00:43:00.680 --> 00:43:04.520
The Internet has done a lot of harm.

00:43:04.640 --> 00:43:09.720
The Internet has helped tourists
to discover beaches

00:43:09.840 --> 00:43:11.680
that they never knew about,

00:43:11.800 --> 00:43:15.040
beaches like Calo des Moro
which you would never find

00:43:15.160 --> 00:43:18.360
unless you were a local
or heard from a friend.

00:43:18.480 --> 00:43:21.200
You wouldn't know how to get there.

00:43:21.320 --> 00:43:24.880
And now you can't imagine
the number of tourists,

00:43:25.000 --> 00:43:27.460
especially from cruise ships,
who disembark,

00:43:27.540 --> 00:43:30.360
with a picture on their phone and say:
"I want to go there."

00:43:30.440 --> 00:43:32.600
You look
and it's Calo des Moro

00:43:32.720 --> 00:43:37.040
and they already have its location,
they've seen photos, etc.

00:43:38.600 --> 00:43:41.520
Of course this applies
to other beaches too.

00:44:18.760 --> 00:44:24.680
People who work the land are seen
as an example of poverty

00:44:24.800 --> 00:44:29.920
or as lacking in initiative,
and that's totally unfair,

00:44:30.040 --> 00:44:31.520
because the hospitality sector

00:44:31.640 --> 00:44:35.840
also lives from the farmland
we've all created.

00:44:36.040 --> 00:44:41.960
The Mallorcan primary sector plays
a fundamental role in circular growth,

00:44:42.080 --> 00:44:44.480
and without it,
we would have no context,

00:44:44.600 --> 00:44:48.360
roots or source of food,

00:44:48.480 --> 00:44:52.200
which is what's always helped
these communities to bloom.

00:44:52.880 --> 00:44:56.760
Traditions lost,
customs forgotten.

00:44:57.480 --> 00:44:58.880
Can money pay for that?

00:44:59.120 --> 00:45:03.520
Over 30% of the population worked
in agriculture 60 years ago.

00:45:03.640 --> 00:45:08.800
Now only 0.4%
of the population does.

00:45:09.120 --> 00:45:14.920
It's a drastic change to the extent
that farmers are almost seen

00:45:15.040 --> 00:45:18.720
as a rarity, because there's
a monoculture of tourism and building.

00:45:19.000 --> 00:45:22.000
It's true that we've got a problem
of a monoculture.

00:45:22.120 --> 00:45:25.800
That is, we've just got one economic
activity, tourism,

00:45:25.920 --> 00:45:29.640
which has allowed us
to be where we are:

00:45:29.760 --> 00:45:33.760
in my opinion, in a very good place,
nationally and internationally.

00:45:34.000 --> 00:45:37.040
We've got to be aware
that today's reality,

00:45:37.160 --> 00:45:40.080
which is so dependent
on tourism as a monoculture,

00:45:40.200 --> 00:45:42.560
is making us highly vulnerable
as a society.

00:45:42.800 --> 00:45:45.160
We haven't got a safety net.

00:45:45.280 --> 00:45:47.040
If something were to happen,

00:45:47.160 --> 00:45:52.320
if we had to get by some other way
with some other source of income,

00:45:52.440 --> 00:45:57.240
I don't know what would happen
in the Balearics.

00:45:57.680 --> 00:46:02.680
There are studies at a Spanish level
that find that about 27%

00:46:02.800 --> 00:46:06.360
of total expenditure
goes to the tour operator,

00:46:06.480 --> 00:46:12.011
that is the middleman, about 22%
goes to the accommodation company,

00:46:12.091 --> 00:46:16.935
18-20% goes
to the transport company,

00:46:17.015 --> 00:46:19.440
the airline
in the Balearics,

00:46:19.560 --> 00:46:21.640
and the rest is spent
at the destination

00:46:21.760 --> 00:46:25.560
on complementary services
like excursions, restaurants,

00:46:25.680 --> 00:46:27.080
purchases, etc.

00:46:27.320 --> 00:46:29.840
So if you analyse the part kept
by the destination,

00:46:29.960 --> 00:46:31.640
we're talking about approximately

00:46:31.760 --> 00:46:35.160
45 or 50% of the total spent
by the tourist.

00:46:35.560 --> 00:46:36.640
What's more,

00:46:36.760 --> 00:46:40.760
if the accommodation isn't owned
by a Balearic company,

00:46:40.880 --> 00:46:43.480
then for every 100 euros
spent by tourists,

00:46:43.600 --> 00:46:47.240
only about 21 or 22 euros
actually stay at the destination.

00:46:47.600 --> 00:46:52.800
Obviously most of the profits
from tourism end up in the pockets

00:46:52.920 --> 00:46:55.560
of whoever controls
the economic activity,

00:46:55.680 --> 00:46:59.800
in this case mainly
the big travel agents,

00:46:59.920 --> 00:47:05.920
tour operators and big tourism sales
platforms like AirBnB,

00:47:06.040 --> 00:47:09.360
which also take advantage

00:47:09.480 --> 00:47:14.440
of all those creative
financial mechanisms,

00:47:14.560 --> 00:47:19.360
tax evasion, to which other
mere mortals have no access.

00:47:19.480 --> 00:47:23.400
It's like a contest
with the authorities to see

00:47:23.520 --> 00:47:27.480
how far they can get...

00:47:29.520 --> 00:47:30.960
Unbelievable!

00:47:54.640 --> 00:47:58.320
The tourism industry is generally
far more efficient than before,

00:47:58.920 --> 00:48:01.600
but it is also affected
by the Jevons paradox

00:48:01.960 --> 00:48:07.920
because the more you facilitate
a certain process by manufacturing

00:48:08.040 --> 00:48:12.160
a product or whatever,
the more products you can make,

00:48:12.280 --> 00:48:15.600
the more you can lower the price,
the more you can continue to make.

00:48:15.720 --> 00:48:20.798
So the benefits
of being environmentally efficient

00:48:20.978 --> 00:48:26.942
can be costly
as tourism is democratized.

00:48:27.022 --> 00:48:29.160
Traditionally in the Balearics,

00:48:29.280 --> 00:48:31.520
more tourists meant things
were going better.

00:48:31.640 --> 00:48:35.120
It was an economy whose
productivity gains were volume based.

00:48:35.280 --> 00:48:38.640
Now it's not like that.
The local economy is a very mature one.

00:48:38.760 --> 00:48:44.120
The tourism services we provide now
are very mature, very traditional.

00:48:44.240 --> 00:48:45.960
You could say there has been

00:48:46.080 --> 00:48:50.880
little innovation in tourism services
in recent years,

00:48:51.000 --> 00:48:54.080
so now a higher volume
is not synonymous with improvements.

00:48:54.240 --> 00:48:55.640
The problem we face is this:

00:48:55.760 --> 00:48:58.800
to maintain the same level
of income that we had 20 years ago,

00:48:58.920 --> 00:49:01.720
we've had to grow exponentially
in visitor numbers.

00:49:01.840 --> 00:49:05.360
This means we're adding tourism
with low added value.

00:49:05.520 --> 00:49:09.730
Apart from big numbers

00:49:09.810 --> 00:49:12.294
like tourist arrivals and spending,

00:49:12.374 --> 00:49:15.760
the other figures
aren't looking good,

00:49:15.880 --> 00:49:19.400
even the GDP is dropping.

00:49:19.560 --> 00:49:20.680
In the year 2000,

00:49:20.800 --> 00:49:24.560
our per capita income was 19.6%
higher than the European average.

00:49:24.680 --> 00:49:28.760
Now it's 97% of the European average.

00:49:28.880 --> 00:49:31.120
We've dropped 26 points
in 15 years.

00:49:31.240 --> 00:49:36.360
This refutes the idea
that "more means better" in the Balearics.

00:49:36.520 --> 00:49:37.680
20 years ago,

00:49:37.800 --> 00:49:41.120
we had six million tourists
and ranked first in per capita income.

00:49:41.480 --> 00:49:44.580
Now we have
over 14 million tourists

00:49:44.660 --> 00:49:46.680
and we rank seventh
in per capital income.

00:49:46.840 --> 00:49:52.560
Tourism creates work and wealth
but it's not properly distributed.

00:49:52.800 --> 00:49:56.640
Now the population as a whole

00:49:56.760 --> 00:50:01.120
doesn't benefit from the profits
of tourism as they used to.

00:50:01.320 --> 00:50:05.680
The profits reaped
by the business classes and owners

00:50:05.800 --> 00:50:07.560
go up and up,

00:50:07.680 --> 00:50:13.600
the working classes get less
and tension grows.

00:50:13.720 --> 00:50:17.640
There is an increasing feeling

00:50:17.760 --> 00:50:22.720
of unease and social discontent.

00:50:23.120 --> 00:50:26.440
Those who love Mallorca
don't destroy it.

00:50:26.680 --> 00:50:30.200
Those who love Mallorca
don't destroy it.

00:50:37.880 --> 00:50:40.880
We're up to here,
we're up to here!

00:50:45.280 --> 00:50:48.200
We've crossed the city
to shout out

00:50:48.320 --> 00:50:54.080
how fed up we are with the overcrowding
Mallorca faces every year.

00:51:01.040 --> 00:51:04.760
It's not talked about in Mallorca,
but tourism generates many losers,

00:51:05.160 --> 00:51:11.084
because prices go up
as wages stay low,

00:51:12.400 --> 00:51:16.280
and we wanted to give a voice
to those people.

00:51:16.400 --> 00:51:21.560
They're on the rise
and not being considered.

00:51:21.800 --> 00:51:25.120
Throughout my life,
working as a chambermaid,

00:51:25.240 --> 00:51:27.320
I've had many injuries.

00:51:27.640 --> 00:51:31.665
In addition to the physical effort,

00:51:32.120 --> 00:51:35.160
the worst part, which I don't cope
with well, is the stress.

00:51:35.360 --> 00:51:36.840
You're on the move,

00:51:36.960 --> 00:51:41.160
rushing but not managing to do
as much as you should.

00:51:41.280 --> 00:51:45.040
You literally spend
eight hours frazzled.

00:51:45.440 --> 00:51:47.160
We arrive, see the room,

00:51:47.280 --> 00:51:52.640
and don't realize that there were
women cleaning it before we arrived.

00:51:52.760 --> 00:51:54.520
It's a totally invisible job.

00:51:54.880 --> 00:51:57.160
History, literature, jokes and songs

00:51:57.240 --> 00:52:00.360
are full of stories about women
and their obsession with cleaning,

00:52:00.480 --> 00:52:05.360
and so women and housework
are intrinsically linked.

00:52:05.480 --> 00:52:09.160
And working as a cleaner
is yet another extension

00:52:09.280 --> 00:52:12.600
of the traditional concept
of women's work.

00:52:12.720 --> 00:52:18.120
And as cleaning and housework
are not traditionally remunerated

00:52:18.240 --> 00:52:23.880
and they are right at the bottom
of the social scale,

00:52:24.000 --> 00:52:28.320
then obviously it's women
who are also at the bottom.

00:52:28.480 --> 00:52:29.760
In my case, for instance,

00:52:29.880 --> 00:52:33.280
as well as the medicine
I need to relax,

00:52:33.400 --> 00:52:37.680
when I get home,
I'm worn out.

00:52:37.800 --> 00:52:39.800
But then I go to bed
and I can't sleep,

00:52:40.080 --> 00:52:44.160
because I've built up
so much stress that it's impossible.

00:52:44.240 --> 00:52:46.040
The number of visitors here has grown

00:52:46.120 --> 00:52:48.760
much more than the number of workers
that attend to them.

00:52:48.880 --> 00:52:52.360
That is, the burden on the staff
and worker output

00:52:52.480 --> 00:52:54.300
has increased
more than the workforce

00:52:54.380 --> 00:52:57.800
and so we've also reached a situation
of unsustainability in labour terms.

00:52:57.960 --> 00:53:01.160
I reiterate, I think the conditions
are good and where they aren't,

00:53:01.280 --> 00:53:04.360
where agreements
are not being met,

00:53:04.440 --> 00:53:07.480
it must be reported and the necessary
steps taken to rectify things.

00:53:07.560 --> 00:53:10.680
In other words, there are legal
regulations that have to be complied

00:53:10.760 --> 00:53:13.160
with at all levels,
evidently at a labour level too.

00:53:13.360 --> 00:53:14.760
Whenever she wants,

00:53:14.880 --> 00:53:18.839
we suggest she chooses
the hotel she likes

00:53:18.919 --> 00:53:22.320
and the chambermaid she likes,
obviously one of us.

00:53:22.400 --> 00:53:24.760
And we'll invite her to spend
a day with us,

00:53:24.880 --> 00:53:28.800
but in the high season with this heat,
with extra beds,

00:53:28.920 --> 00:53:31.720
with everything we have to do.

00:53:31.840 --> 00:53:36.960
Then, after eight hours, she can tell
me if we're overworked or not.

00:53:37.060 --> 00:53:39.560
They must say where and how
and report the situation.

00:53:39.680 --> 00:53:42.360
I think general talk is worthless.

00:53:42.760 --> 00:53:46.880
If they've identified one hotel,
or two or 50, whatever,

00:53:47.000 --> 00:53:50.000
that are not complying
with labour laws

00:53:50.120 --> 00:53:55.760
and causing
discontent or harm to workers,

00:53:55.880 --> 00:53:57.180
they can tell me

00:53:57.260 --> 00:53:59.240
and I'll be the first
to report the case.

00:53:59.440 --> 00:54:03.097
It's very dramatic
seeing a person,

00:54:03.480 --> 00:54:05.800
a woman,
because they all are,

00:54:05.920 --> 00:54:08.840
who's spent 30 years
doing the same job,

00:54:08.960 --> 00:54:12.480
who comes in and says:
"Juan, I can't,"

00:54:12.600 --> 00:54:17.520
because we have a sense
of mutual trust. "Juan, I can't."

00:54:17.640 --> 00:54:19.680
"What's the matter?"
"I can't."

00:54:19.800 --> 00:54:21.800
"What hurts?"
"Everything."

00:54:22.200 --> 00:54:25.080
It is not made up.

00:54:25.200 --> 00:54:26.600
Everything hurts,

00:54:26.720 --> 00:54:30.000
because if they don't get
over one day's pain,

00:54:30.120 --> 00:54:31.640
the next day it continues,

00:54:31.720 --> 00:54:33.920
then the next year,
the following one and so on,

00:54:34.040 --> 00:54:37.840
it becomes chronic
and that has to be acknowledged.

00:54:38.160 --> 00:54:41.280
We all take medication
at breakfast to get through

00:54:41.400 --> 00:54:42.720
the first half of the day.

00:54:42.840 --> 00:54:45.480
And when we go for lunch,
if we have time,

00:54:45.600 --> 00:54:48.640
we take more.

00:54:48.960 --> 00:54:51.920
A blue pill, a white pill
that works wonders.

00:54:52.120 --> 00:54:58.040
Slipped discs, trapped nerves,
lumbago, shoulders...

00:54:58.160 --> 00:55:01.200
Our limbs are a total mess.

00:55:01.400 --> 00:55:03.000
The cause isn't medical.

00:55:03.120 --> 00:55:06.600
It's not a virus that's invaded
Mallorca or the Balearics,

00:55:06.720 --> 00:55:08.440
or the Caribbean or Canaries.

00:55:08.560 --> 00:55:11.360
It's not a virus,
but working conditions.

00:55:12.440 --> 00:55:14.720
And we doctors
can't do anything about that.

00:55:14.920 --> 00:55:19.400
Why does the employment generated
by tourism tend to be insecure?

00:55:19.520 --> 00:55:22.400
Mainly for two reasons,
first and foremost,

00:55:22.520 --> 00:55:25.520
because of our mature
value chain,

00:55:25.640 --> 00:55:27.560
where the incorporation of talent,

00:55:27.680 --> 00:55:31.560
highly skilled labour and experts
is hardly necessary

00:55:31.680 --> 00:55:33.440
to keep the average services going

00:55:33.560 --> 00:55:35.853
and sometimes too
because the actual business

00:55:35.933 --> 00:55:40.920
has problems paying,
using that kind of person.

00:55:41.080 --> 00:55:44.120
The Azores and the Balearics
have systematically had

00:55:44.240 --> 00:55:48.040
the worst educational results
of the European Union's 135 regions.

00:55:48.160 --> 00:55:51.760
The aim has been, in times of democracy
and during the Franco dictatorship,

00:55:51.880 --> 00:55:54.960
for the locals not to think too much,

00:55:55.080 --> 00:55:58.240
not to have what you need
to question what's going on.

00:55:58.400 --> 00:56:01.280
I'd say that in Spain
and the Balearics,

00:56:01.400 --> 00:56:06.312
education seems to be regarded
as a personal or family problem,

00:56:06.392 --> 00:56:09.680
while in advanced
countries, it's a social problem.

00:56:09.920 --> 00:56:12.360
Local residents
who are qualified,

00:56:12.480 --> 00:56:15.480
and this extends
a little to other parts of Spain,

00:56:15.600 --> 00:56:20.120
are going abroad because
there are no opportunities here,

00:56:20.240 --> 00:56:24.920
while in the case
of unskilled jobs with low wages,

00:56:25.040 --> 00:56:29.600
workers are coming here to work
during the season.

00:56:29.840 --> 00:56:32.320
Intensifying tourism
means less education,

00:56:32.440 --> 00:56:35.200
far more speculation
and far fewer opportunities

00:56:35.320 --> 00:56:38.340
to build a real democracy
where the population can decide,

00:56:38.420 --> 00:56:39.880
from different points of view,

00:56:40.000 --> 00:56:42.920
how we want life to be in Mallorca,
Minorca or Ibiza.

00:56:43.200 --> 00:56:46.880
In the Balearics, we probably have
the poorest democracy in Spain.

00:56:49.296 --> 00:56:52.534
The excesses of Mallorca's tourism
have made the headlines

00:56:52.614 --> 00:56:56.257
in the international press
with shocking images

00:56:56.337 --> 00:57:01.850
of violence, sex and drugs
in the German parties in Arenal,

00:57:01.930 --> 00:57:04.392
the British reality show
Geordie Shore

00:57:05.102 --> 00:57:07.267
or the dozens
of deaths and injuries

00:57:07.347 --> 00:57:11.103
caused by the scourge
of so called balcony-jumping.

00:57:12.650 --> 00:57:16.494
Magaluf,
an unfortunate symbol of Mallorca,

00:57:16.574 --> 00:57:20.574
is one of the island's
most controversial tourist resorts.

00:57:21.828 --> 00:57:26.324
In the summer of 2014,
a video of a sexual nature

00:57:26.404 --> 00:57:30.084
recorded in a bar
quickly went viral online

00:57:30.164 --> 00:57:33.962
leading to one of Spain's
biggest tourism scandals.

00:57:35.476 --> 00:57:37.256
The town council
tried to crack down

00:57:37.336 --> 00:57:38.566
on excesses like these

00:57:39.468 --> 00:57:44.640
but four years on
very little has changed.

00:57:49.324 --> 00:57:50.740
The current model of tourism,

00:57:50.820 --> 00:57:54.320
still affected by traditional problems
with drunken holidaymakers,

00:57:54.440 --> 00:57:56.760
seen especially all in Playa de Palma
and Magaluf.

00:57:56.840 --> 00:57:59.160
Partying and women,
that's what Magaluf represents.

00:57:59.280 --> 00:58:00.800
It's amazing.

00:58:00.920 --> 00:58:03.520
If you come with your friends,
you'll freak out.

00:58:05.800 --> 00:58:09.760
We're in Arenal.

00:58:09.880 --> 00:58:13.461
It's an area

00:58:14.356 --> 00:58:17.326
known for drinking

00:58:18.120 --> 00:58:21.400
where lots of Germans
tend to come.

00:58:21.520 --> 00:58:25.360
There's another, Magaluf,
where there are more British tourists.

00:58:26.520 --> 00:58:31.000
What I'd like
to show you and tell you

00:58:31.120 --> 00:58:33.240
is that it's not
just drinking tourism,

00:58:33.360 --> 00:58:36.560
although there's a lot of that.

00:58:36.680 --> 00:58:39.000
Tourism here
is about paying for sex too.

00:58:39.120 --> 00:58:41.680
And clearly,
there's no equality,

00:58:41.800 --> 00:58:46.280
women are treated like objects
and used as things.

00:58:54.920 --> 00:58:58.120
It's an abhorrent use of women.

00:58:58.360 --> 00:59:03.160
Now sexual tourism
seems to have become

00:59:03.280 --> 00:59:05.080
part of the leisure industry.

00:59:05.360 --> 00:59:08.240
And while classic prostitution
was frowned upon

00:59:08.360 --> 00:59:11.480
and men originally wouldn't boast
of going to a brothel

00:59:11.600 --> 00:59:13.080
or being with a prostitute,

00:59:13.200 --> 00:59:18.240
even though everyone did
and it was a traditional male custom,

00:59:18.320 --> 00:59:20.720
now it's not only not concealed
but it is considered

00:59:20.840 --> 00:59:23.200
part of the leisure industry.

00:59:23.320 --> 00:59:28.200
There's no awareness
among the public that people

00:59:28.320 --> 00:59:30.480
shouldn't be consumed
as if they were things.

00:59:30.680 --> 00:59:34.960
Now we're in Calle del Jamón street,
very close to...

00:59:35.080 --> 00:59:37.680
Everything's all in the same area.

00:59:38.080 --> 00:59:43.720
This street is dedicated to eating
and drinking alcohol

00:59:43.840 --> 00:59:47.520
and the main lure
in the bars are girls.

00:59:48.480 --> 00:59:53.400
Girls doing stripteases
are used to draw customers in.

01:00:35.280 --> 01:00:40.280
Tourism is an important phenomenon
because if you think about it,

01:00:40.400 --> 01:00:44.080
it's a relationship
between a guest and a host,

01:00:44.200 --> 01:00:46.920
someone from elsewhere
hosted by another.

01:00:47.520 --> 01:00:51.080
This relationship
elevates us as people:

01:00:51.920 --> 01:00:57.760
visitors because they discover
new places, scenery and idiosyncrasies

01:00:57.880 --> 01:01:01.320
and locals
because they learn something new.

01:01:01.440 --> 01:01:05.240
That's enriching, but of course
it has to be well designed.

01:01:05.560 --> 01:01:09.600
When I came here, the kind of tourism
was completely different from now.

01:01:09.720 --> 01:01:13.080
Tourists came for longer,
for a minimum of two weeks I think.

01:01:13.280 --> 01:01:17.440
The guests called you by your name
and they treated you wonderfully,

01:01:17.560 --> 01:01:19.440
which needless to say
no longer happens.

01:01:19.600 --> 01:01:21.320
The guests who come now...

01:01:22.080 --> 01:01:24.480
I'm just another
piece of furniture.

01:01:24.840 --> 01:01:26.960
I always give one example.

01:01:27.080 --> 01:01:30.320
Before Playa de Palma
used to smell

01:01:30.440 --> 01:01:33.160
of sunscreen and sea.

01:01:33.680 --> 01:01:37.200
Now it smells of urine and beer.

01:01:37.680 --> 01:01:39.840
We don't like what we see.

01:01:41.040 --> 01:01:44.160
Empty beer bottles,
broken glass,

01:01:45.480 --> 01:01:47.960
the remains of food, vomit.

01:01:48.320 --> 01:01:51.680
Two days ago a photo
was published of a tourist,

01:01:51.800 --> 01:01:55.570
English or German,
getting off a plane in a thong.

01:01:55.933 --> 01:01:59.136
He wore a thong because he heard
that you could do that in Mallorca.

01:01:59.600 --> 01:02:02.400
Drunken customers,
you risk your life each day,

01:02:02.520 --> 01:02:06.000
you risk being beaten up,
because they come in drunk.

01:02:06.400 --> 01:02:09.520
Disasters...
If I told you the half, you'd die.

01:02:10.000 --> 01:02:13.600
As long as the owners make money
it's all fine,

01:02:13.720 --> 01:02:18.520
but the staff suffer,
more now than before, quite a lot more.

01:02:18.800 --> 01:02:23.560
Logically, our destination
shouldn't aspire to have

01:02:23.680 --> 01:02:27.360
the maximum number of tourists,

01:02:27.480 --> 01:02:31.200
but the maximum number

01:02:31.320 --> 01:02:33.920
of a certain quality
and purchasing power.

01:02:34.280 --> 01:02:40.040
Basically, since the 1960s,
our society has lived off tourism,

01:02:40.480 --> 01:02:44.360
not exactly low-cost tourism
but working class tourism.

01:02:44.480 --> 01:02:49.600
And, in recent times,
this has been demonized and contrasted

01:02:49.880 --> 01:02:53.040
with luxury
and super luxury tourism,

01:02:53.160 --> 01:02:58.760
as if that was the solution to all
our problems.

01:02:58.880 --> 01:03:00.680
That's not right.

01:03:00.800 --> 01:03:04.560
If you look, what's happened
is that low-cost tourism

01:03:04.680 --> 01:03:07.800
is still being heavily promoted and,
at the same time,

01:03:07.920 --> 01:03:09.960
new fields have been sought,

01:03:10.080 --> 01:03:14.320
new ways of marketing tourism
through the super luxury segment.

01:03:52.840 --> 01:03:55.640
If the economy is asking
for constant growth,

01:03:55.760 --> 01:03:57.640
then let's change the economy.

01:03:57.760 --> 01:03:59.840
The economy is at society's orders.

01:03:59.920 --> 01:04:02.900
I'm sorry, but that's how it is,
and society, we must remember,

01:04:02.980 --> 01:04:05.440
is at the orders
of the environment’s physical laws.

01:04:05.640 --> 01:04:09.080
Let's redefine the concept of growth.
What is growth?

01:04:09.280 --> 01:04:13.080
What has limits and clearly
we are already close to those limits

01:04:13.520 --> 01:04:15.600
is the growth
we've been having:

01:04:15.720 --> 01:04:19.400
growth based on extracting,
consuming and polluting.

01:04:19.560 --> 01:04:24.040
That model has reached its peak,
it reached it some time ago.

01:04:24.600 --> 01:04:27.840
The big challenge is how to transform
that into a new growth model.

01:04:28.000 --> 01:04:32.040
The only democratic environmentally
sustainable solution,

01:04:32.160 --> 01:04:35.600
which takes into account society's
wellbeing and labour rights,

01:04:35.720 --> 01:04:39.200
is to limit the number of tourists,
so that in 10 years' time,

01:04:39.320 --> 01:04:42.000
there are 30, 40 or 50%
less tourists.

01:04:42.160 --> 01:04:46.040
Two for one is a very simple
but effective measure,

01:04:46.160 --> 01:04:50.080
where for every new tourist bed
created in the Balearics,

01:04:50.200 --> 01:04:53.760
the company has to buy
two and eliminate them.

01:04:54.000 --> 01:04:56.200
We think it would allow us
to stabilize

01:04:56.320 --> 01:05:00.600
tourism over the next few years
and gradually to reduce it.

01:05:00.800 --> 01:05:05.600
In general, all systems are resistant
to change, including environmental,

01:05:05.720 --> 01:05:08.840
social, educational
and innovation-related systems.

01:05:08.960 --> 01:05:11.200
That is,
it's very hard to accept change.

01:05:11.360 --> 01:05:13.840
For us to move
toward an economic system

01:05:13.960 --> 01:05:19.120
where we can get away from this tourism
monoculture and toward sectors

01:05:19.400 --> 01:05:24.400
like the environment, for instance,
or more technological ones,

01:05:24.520 --> 01:05:29.080
a population with a certain level
of education is needed

01:05:29.200 --> 01:05:30.760
to bring about this change.

01:05:30.920 --> 01:05:35.280
No high-quality tourist destination
can be achieved without one key factor:

01:05:35.400 --> 01:05:36.920
a skilled workforce.

01:05:37.120 --> 01:05:41.840
We're talking about an industry
that requires highly skilled staff,

01:05:41.960 --> 01:05:46.040
and this calls for an increasingly
large knowledge hub in the Balearics.

01:05:46.160 --> 01:05:51.320
So I believe that the region should set
its sights on investing in new products

01:05:51.440 --> 01:05:56.080
and, secondly, on developing
tourism industries that export

01:05:56.200 --> 01:05:58.800
their products abroad,

01:05:58.920 --> 01:06:02.720
often with a high
technological component.

01:06:02.880 --> 01:06:06.720
We could produce the same industrial
goods but with more technology

01:06:06.800 --> 01:06:08.960
or else start to produce
other industrial goods.

01:06:09.080 --> 01:06:12.720
We're producing and exporting
what are essentially tourism services,

01:06:12.840 --> 01:06:14.880
but they are
very mature services.

01:06:15.040 --> 01:06:17.200
We could start to offer other services

01:06:17.320 --> 01:06:20.280
or make that tourism value chain
more sophisticated.

01:06:20.600 --> 01:06:22.520
In Mallorca,
there must be agriculture.

01:06:22.600 --> 01:06:25.040
In Mallorca,
there must be small-scale industries.

01:06:25.860 --> 01:06:27.500
In Mallorca,
there must be crafts.

01:06:27.580 --> 01:06:30.700
We don’t have to sacrifice all
because we are doing quality things.

01:06:30.780 --> 01:06:33.980
We don't understand why everything
has to be sacrificed for a tourism

01:06:34.060 --> 01:06:36.960
whose statistics
are already demonstrating

01:06:37.040 --> 01:06:39.640
that more and more
is not better.

01:06:39.894 --> 01:06:44.707
There is enough room for quality tourism
and for quality leisure time

01:06:44.787 --> 01:06:47.655
and quality normal social life
of locals,

01:06:47.735 --> 01:06:50.886
only we need to think
about how to develop

01:06:51.066 --> 01:06:57.012
positive forms of tourism,
more immersive forms of tourism

01:06:57.092 --> 01:07:00.745
and instead of touristify cities
how to localize tourism.

01:07:00.825 --> 01:07:03.736
But this can be achieved
only by the double tool

01:07:03.816 --> 01:07:08.724
of regulation and restriction
and development and innovation.

01:07:09.040 --> 01:07:12.000
That tourism monoculture
should act as a trampoline

01:07:12.120 --> 01:07:15.640
for the development
of other industries and, above all,

01:07:15.760 --> 01:07:19.400
industries focused
on achieving circularity.

01:07:19.560 --> 01:07:22.560
How can we tie tourism
in with agriculture,

01:07:22.680 --> 01:07:26.360
agriculture with innovation
and innovation with tourism?

01:07:26.480 --> 01:07:29.240
How can we link up those disciplines

01:07:29.360 --> 01:07:34.040
so that we can all progress together
as a community?

01:07:34.160 --> 01:07:36.680
Without turning our backs
on the past or the future.

01:07:36.840 --> 01:07:40.360
Linking up sectors and being capable

01:07:40.480 --> 01:07:44.280
of saying we're going to use Mallorca
as a testing ground.

01:07:44.960 --> 01:07:47.500
Mallorca's tourist sector
does not belong to Mallorca.

01:07:47.580 --> 01:07:49.120
It's much bigger.

01:07:49.240 --> 01:07:51.400
It's got tentacles
that spread worldwide.

01:07:53.240 --> 01:07:55.400
Take the plunge please.

01:07:56.600 --> 01:07:59.960
Let's get together
and use this island

01:08:00.080 --> 01:08:02.640
as a testing ground
to do things differently.

01:08:02.760 --> 01:08:04.240
That's what we must do.

01:08:27.720 --> 01:08:30.480
Yes, yes, yes, the Kellys are here!

01:08:30.600 --> 01:08:33.840
Yes, yes, yes, the Kellys are here!

01:08:34.680 --> 01:08:37.200
The people united
will never be defeated.

01:08:47.160 --> 01:08:50.240
Lola Ayas,
can you come up to the stage please?

01:08:52.660 --> 01:08:55.360
We've got to keep in good health.
I want to retire in good condition.

01:08:55.440 --> 01:08:58.240
I've already got a grandson and I hope
to have another granddaughter,

01:08:58.320 --> 01:09:00.080
and I want to look after
my grandchildren.

01:09:00.200 --> 01:09:03.600
I'm getting in such a state
that I'm not even capable of that.

01:09:03.720 --> 01:09:05.320
It's sad. It's very sad.

01:09:05.440 --> 01:09:06.800
Lola, darling!

01:10:24.553 --> 01:10:28.340
Representatives
of the island's two main entries,

01:10:28.540 --> 01:10:31.200
port and airport,
refused to participate.