Isa finds herself at a breaking point awakening to the possibilities of…
Role & Role
- Description
- Reviews
- Citation
- Cataloging
- Transcript
View on the Pragda STREAM site
Role & Role offers a thought-provoking exploration of the influence of media, advertising, and fiction on the creation of female role models and its impact on societal perceptions and decision-making. This documentary poses the crucial question: can a more authentic portrayal of women in media lead to a shift towards greater gender equality and recognition of women as leaders?
Despite comprising 51% of the population, women and girls are consistently underrepresented in various forms of media, including films, television shows, children's content, and advertisements, with a representation ratio of approximately 1 out of 3.
Through a collection of compelling testimonies from diverse women leaders, spanning fields such as politics, economics, science, literature, art, and social activism, Role & Role delves into the significance of role models in shaping identity, exploring the influences behind these leaders' journeys and analyzing their reception by society.
This documentary serves as a valuable resource for educators and librarians seeking to initiate discussions on gender representation and empowerment within their classrooms and communities. It is relevant for Women, Gender, Media, and Communication Studies, among many other disciplines.
Citation
Main credits
Gutiérrez, Chus (film director)
Gutiérrez, Chus (screenwriter)
Badenes, Lina (film producer)
Badenes, Lina (screenwriter)
Other credits
Cinematography, Hermes Marco; editor, Ainara Pardal; music, Eva Soler.
Distributor subjects
Women; Communications + Journalism; Family; Human Rights; Education; Gender + Sexuality Studies; Political Science; Sociology; Activism; Iberian StudiesKeywords
00:00:19.958 --> 00:00:22.458
My grandmother was called
María Luisa López,
00:00:22.542 --> 00:00:25.208
she was born in September 1907.
00:00:26.667 --> 00:00:28.750
My mother was called
María Luisa Ortiz,
00:00:28.917 --> 00:00:31.833
she was born in May 1936.
00:00:33.333 --> 00:00:37.083
I have a daughter who was born
in February 1994.
00:00:37.167 --> 00:00:39.125
Alba Fernández.
00:00:39.625 --> 00:00:42.458
I was brought up by women
of the 20th century
00:00:42.542 --> 00:00:45.250
and I reared women
of the 21st century.
00:00:48.208 --> 00:00:52.292
My name is Chus Gutiérrez,
I was born in November 1962.
00:00:53.208 --> 00:00:55.500
I still ask myself many questions.
00:00:55.958 --> 00:00:58.000
That is why I am making
this documentary.
00:00:58.750 --> 00:01:01.417
In case it can contribute
to changing this structure,
00:01:01.583 --> 00:01:03.458
which is egocentric and predatory.
00:01:03.625 --> 00:01:05.333
And also, for my mother.
00:01:05.500 --> 00:01:07.875
I know that she would have liked it.
00:01:10.542 --> 00:01:13.542
"So, Mother, go back to your quarters
00:01:13.708 --> 00:01:17.833
and tend to your own tasks,
the distaff and the loom...
00:01:17.917 --> 00:01:20.542
As for giving orders,
men will see to that..."
00:01:20.667 --> 00:01:22.708
The Odyssey, Homer.
8th century BCE.
00:01:25.750 --> 00:01:28.625
HANSALA, MOROCCO, 2008
00:01:40.542 --> 00:01:43.333
In 2008, we shot "Return to Hansala."
00:01:43.542 --> 00:01:47.083
A film about the hazardous journey
across the Strait of Gibraltar
00:01:47.250 --> 00:01:51.625
made by many immigrants
from secluded places such as Hansala.
00:01:52.708 --> 00:01:54.792
A film crew on a shoot.
00:01:54.875 --> 00:01:58.042
Women tasked with important jobs.
00:01:58.208 --> 00:02:00.917
And the village women watching us.
00:02:01.667 --> 00:02:03.542
And action!
00:02:03.750 --> 00:02:05.667
A month after filming finished,
00:02:05.792 --> 00:02:08.750
the women of Hansala
went to the council of elders
00:02:08.833 --> 00:02:10.625
to ask to be part of it.
00:02:10.792 --> 00:02:13.375
HANSALA, MOROCCO, 2019
00:02:14.625 --> 00:02:21.250
When we saw you women working,
00:02:21.500 --> 00:02:25.625
we realised we wanted to be like you,
00:02:25.750 --> 00:02:30.875
be at your level or even better.
00:02:31.042 --> 00:02:36.000
Because you did such a good job.
00:02:37.292 --> 00:02:41.167
Fátima came and explained to us
00:02:41.333 --> 00:02:44.208
that we had to join
the council of elders,
00:02:44.375 --> 00:02:51.042
and that we women
had to help each other.
00:02:51.375 --> 00:02:53.542
And so we told her
00:02:53.667 --> 00:02:57.958
that we did want to be part
of the council.
00:02:58.125 --> 00:03:00.917
Fátima had studied.
00:03:01.083 --> 00:03:06.083
She used to teach the women.
00:03:07.333 --> 00:03:12.792
She helped many women
who had not studied at all.
00:03:13.125 --> 00:03:16.667
We made up part of the council
for two years.
00:03:17.333 --> 00:03:23.250
Fifteen of the women,
including myself, were able to study.
00:03:23.958 --> 00:03:26.875
We want to progress.
00:03:27.042 --> 00:03:31.083
We want to earn money,
be self-sufficient.
00:03:31.250 --> 00:03:34.500
We want to work.
00:03:40.542 --> 00:03:45.292
The role model,
the tangible, direct example, worked.
00:03:45.458 --> 00:03:49.667
Since then, I have not stopped
thinking about our role models,
00:03:49.792 --> 00:03:52.292
those of little girls and teenagers,
00:03:52.458 --> 00:03:54.125
women they can emulate,
00:03:54.292 --> 00:03:56.333
who they can be inspired by.
00:03:57.625 --> 00:04:00.333
If you can see it, you can become it.
00:04:16.667 --> 00:04:21.667
Role and Role
00:04:24.167 --> 00:04:26.792
Where are our role models?
00:04:26.958 --> 00:04:29.292
What does cinema say about us,
00:04:29.458 --> 00:04:31.458
advertising, the press,
00:04:31.583 --> 00:04:33.708
the radio, the television,
00:04:33.792 --> 00:04:34.958
and the media?
00:04:35.667 --> 00:04:38.125
What is the image of us
that they project?
00:04:38.292 --> 00:04:42.208
The women around me have always been
strong and brave.
00:04:42.375 --> 00:04:44.667
Something I've never seen reflected
in the media.
00:04:44.792 --> 00:04:46.958
There is a tendency to represent women
00:04:47.125 --> 00:04:48.333
always in the same way.
00:04:48.542 --> 00:04:52.042
A one-dimensional character:
mother, whore, femme fatale,
00:04:52.208 --> 00:04:53.417
Lolita, or what have you.
00:04:53.875 --> 00:04:55.042
The media must show
00:04:55.375 --> 00:04:57.917
women who work,
00:04:58.083 --> 00:04:59.333
women entrepreneurs,
00:04:59.583 --> 00:05:02.708
women who play a role in society,
00:05:02.917 --> 00:05:05.708
because that is what will make
other women dream and say,
00:05:05.875 --> 00:05:06.792
"It is possible."
00:05:06.958 --> 00:05:10.667
Children only have access to 8%
00:05:10.833 --> 00:05:13.417
of female role models in text books.
00:05:13.542 --> 00:05:15.042
In Wikipedia, 11%.
00:05:15.375 --> 00:05:17.833
We look at a screen from day one.
00:05:18.000 --> 00:05:19.750
Video games, fiction,
00:05:20.208 --> 00:05:21.958
films, series...
00:05:28.792 --> 00:05:31.708
The media can provide a way
00:05:31.875 --> 00:05:35.208
of letting things continue the way
they are,
00:05:35.708 --> 00:05:38.458
or on the other hand,
pressure them to change.
00:05:38.542 --> 00:05:40.000
That is their responsibility.
00:05:40.167 --> 00:05:43.292
The media enable machismo
to live and grow stronger.
00:05:43.500 --> 00:05:44.708
Ana I. Bernal Triviño
00:05:45.542 --> 00:05:47.500
In March 2017,
00:05:47.583 --> 00:05:50.000
I found a survey published in El País
00:05:50.167 --> 00:05:52.583
conducted among 12,000
young Spaniards
00:05:52.750 --> 00:05:54.792
between the ages of 16-19.
00:05:55.167 --> 00:05:56.875
The question was the following:
00:05:57.042 --> 00:06:00.583
"Which public figure would you like
to be like when you are older?"
00:06:00.958 --> 00:06:03.125
Two things grab my attention.
00:06:03.542 --> 00:06:07.042
The fact a girl wants to be like
an 80-year-old businessman,
00:06:07.542 --> 00:06:10.708
and that the boys do not choose
any woman as a role model.
00:06:16.792 --> 00:06:19.292
I'm going to show you
some photos of women
00:06:19.500 --> 00:06:22.208
to see if you know their names
and what they do.
00:06:23.958 --> 00:06:26.750
She's a politician,
but I don't remember her name.
00:06:28.792 --> 00:06:30.167
I don't remember the name.
00:06:30.792 --> 00:06:34.250
Yes, she's a former minister
of the PSOE.
00:06:35.208 --> 00:06:37.417
I don't remember,
I'm terrible for names.
00:06:37.542 --> 00:06:39.833
Teresa Fernández de la Vega.
00:06:40.875 --> 00:06:43.250
Deputy prime minister
of the government.
00:06:46.250 --> 00:06:48.875
I don't know her name,
but she does look familiar.
00:06:50.250 --> 00:06:52.833
-You don't know her either?
-None of them.
00:06:53.000 --> 00:06:58.000
The President... of the Government.
Ana Pastor.
00:07:00.333 --> 00:07:01.167
No idea.
00:07:01.875 --> 00:07:03.167
Who is she?
00:07:05.167 --> 00:07:07.542
Michelle Bachelet,
former president of Chile.
00:07:09.833 --> 00:07:11.542
Something to do with the UN?
00:07:12.292 --> 00:07:13.250
I don't know.
00:07:13.958 --> 00:07:15.042
I don't know who it is.
00:07:15.583 --> 00:07:17.083
Head of the IMF.
00:07:17.250 --> 00:07:18.292
Christine Lagarde.
00:07:19.375 --> 00:07:22.583
I don't know if it's a guy or a girl,
they're wearing earrings.
00:07:23.458 --> 00:07:25.625
-Frida Kahlo.
-Frida Kahlo.
00:07:27.000 --> 00:07:27.917
No.
00:07:29.125 --> 00:07:30.458
No idea who it is.
00:07:30.583 --> 00:07:32.250
She's a film director.
00:07:32.458 --> 00:07:34.375
But her name...
00:07:34.542 --> 00:07:35.583
Iciar something.
00:07:35.792 --> 00:07:37.667
Iciar Bollain. Film director.
00:07:39.917 --> 00:07:40.708
No idea.
00:07:41.958 --> 00:07:42.875
Botín's daughter?
00:07:44.042 --> 00:07:46.417
Ana Patricia Botín.
00:07:48.208 --> 00:07:49.542
Her face rings a bell.
00:07:49.917 --> 00:07:51.417
She looks familiar, who is it?
00:07:52.083 --> 00:07:54.417
A writer?
Could it be "Victoria" Woolf?
00:07:54.583 --> 00:07:56.625
I'm terrible with women's names.
00:07:56.792 --> 00:07:58.125
Not men's?
00:07:58.458 --> 00:08:00.208
Yes, but not as much.
00:08:00.875 --> 00:08:04.083
FIRST WAVE OF FEMINISM
19th CENTURY
00:08:21.417 --> 00:08:22.792
The French Revolution
00:08:22.958 --> 00:08:25.250
brought with it
one of the foundational texts
00:08:25.417 --> 00:08:27.292
in the conquest for human rights:
00:08:28.417 --> 00:08:31.542
The Declaration of the Rights of Man
and of the Citizen
00:08:31.667 --> 00:08:33.583
of 1789.
00:08:33.792 --> 00:08:36.042
"The education and development
of women
00:08:36.208 --> 00:08:38.625
must be to make men's lives
more agreeable." Rousseau
00:08:39.292 --> 00:08:42.833
Olympe de Gouges, faced with
the blatant omission of women
00:08:43.000 --> 00:08:44.708
and in reply to the text
00:08:44.875 --> 00:08:47.625
writes "The Declaration
of the Rights of Woman
00:08:47.792 --> 00:08:50.458
and of the Female Citizen" in 1791.
00:08:52.750 --> 00:08:55.083
"Women have the right
to mount the scaffold,
00:08:55.250 --> 00:08:59.667
they must also have the right
to mount the speaker's rostrum."
00:09:03.083 --> 00:09:06.208
A year later, in 1792,
00:09:06.375 --> 00:09:08.333
Mary Wollstonecraft writes
00:09:08.542 --> 00:09:11.208
"Vindication of the Rights of Woman."
00:09:11.833 --> 00:09:15.792
"It is time to bring about a
revolution in female manners,
00:09:15.958 --> 00:09:18.667
time to restore their lost dignity,
00:09:18.833 --> 00:09:21.917
and to make them,
as a part of the human species,
00:09:22.125 --> 00:09:24.167
work to reform the world
00:09:24.333 --> 00:09:26.250
by reforming themselves."
00:09:29.500 --> 00:09:33.375
Olympe de Gouges
was sent to the guillotine in 1793.
00:09:34.375 --> 00:09:36.708
Mary Wollstonecraft died in 1797
00:09:36.875 --> 00:09:39.125
after the birth
of her second daughter.
00:09:46.250 --> 00:09:53.375
"For most of history, Anonymous
was a woman." Virginia Woolf
00:09:53.792 --> 00:09:55.542
When I see women in adverts,
00:09:55.708 --> 00:09:56.917
I don't identify.
00:09:57.250 --> 00:10:00.458
To me they look like aliens
or plastic dolls.
00:10:00.833 --> 00:10:04.083
Women have grey hair, wrinkles,
cellulite.
00:10:04.250 --> 00:10:06.625
When will there be real women
in advertising?
00:10:06.792 --> 00:10:09.583
Why do you represent women
as sex objects?
00:10:09.750 --> 00:10:12.542
Why do you make women feel bad
00:10:12.667 --> 00:10:16.083
by constantly telling them
that they need to change their bodies?
00:10:16.250 --> 00:10:19.875
When will there be strategies
to make us feel good?
00:10:22.417 --> 00:10:26.708
Advertising created a series of codes
basically in 1950.
00:10:26.875 --> 00:10:31.042
When marketing was introduced
it became an industry in itself.
00:10:31.208 --> 00:10:32.792
It became clear that
00:10:32.958 --> 00:10:36.167
a lot of money could be made
by industrialising
00:10:36.542 --> 00:10:38.958
advertising that used to be
more traditional.
00:10:39.125 --> 00:10:41.875
A series of codes
and absolute rules were established.
00:10:42.167 --> 00:10:44.792
What happened?
They were based on stereotypes.
00:10:44.958 --> 00:10:48.417
Those stereotypes appeared to be
aspirational at the time.
00:10:48.583 --> 00:10:51.417
Why were they used? Because they sold.
00:10:51.542 --> 00:10:53.042
It must be delicious.
00:10:53.250 --> 00:10:55.667
Think of the love
she put into making it.
00:10:55.833 --> 00:10:58.542
She must have spent all morning
in the kitchen.
00:11:01.500 --> 00:11:02.958
It tastes delicious.
00:11:03.167 --> 00:11:05.833
I'm so pleased! I got it right.
00:11:07.208 --> 00:11:08.875
After the Second World War,
00:11:09.042 --> 00:11:11.833
the governments and mass media
00:11:12.250 --> 00:11:19.125
pledged to keep women away from jobs
they carried out during the war.
00:11:20.583 --> 00:11:22.917
Women should return to the home,
00:11:23.083 --> 00:11:25.917
finding a comfortable future
in the role of housewife,
00:11:26.083 --> 00:11:29.000
not going out to compete
on the work market.
00:11:29.333 --> 00:11:32.542
THE FEMININE MYSTIQUE
00:11:35.833 --> 00:11:36.833
I need your help.
00:11:37.000 --> 00:11:38.792
I have a dreadful problem.
00:11:39.375 --> 00:11:40.625
It's about my husband.
00:11:40.792 --> 00:11:42.250
His temper is getting worse.
00:11:42.458 --> 00:11:45.750
Our home is beginning to become
an absolute hell.
00:11:48.000 --> 00:11:51.667
He's always in a mood
and spends days without talking to me.
00:11:51.833 --> 00:11:53.833
He has dreadful fits of temper.
00:11:58.500 --> 00:12:01.500
He shouts at me and is rude.
00:12:02.375 --> 00:12:04.583
He never kisses me goodbye.
00:12:07.917 --> 00:12:10.667
All right, all right,
don't tell me anymore.
00:12:11.125 --> 00:12:12.833
Have you ever thought
00:12:13.000 --> 00:12:14.833
that he works hard every day
00:12:15.333 --> 00:12:17.500
and is entitled to a warm welcome
00:12:17.667 --> 00:12:20.375
when he gets home at night?
00:12:21.333 --> 00:12:22.333
Look at this.
00:12:23.458 --> 00:12:27.208
Make sure he always has
his glass of brandy.
00:12:28.750 --> 00:12:30.292
Wait and see, it never fails.
00:12:30.667 --> 00:12:35.625
It's still hard to break
with those stereotypes from 1950
00:12:35.792 --> 00:12:38.292
and make the brands understand
00:12:38.542 --> 00:12:41.042
that people no longer want that.
00:12:41.208 --> 00:12:44.250
You can still sell the same
by reflecting reality,
00:12:44.458 --> 00:12:46.292
not one that doesn't exist.
00:12:46.542 --> 00:12:49.208
Not selling wrinkle cream
using flawless young models.
00:12:49.375 --> 00:12:54.208
The stereotype is
the safe version of things.
00:12:54.542 --> 00:12:56.042
It causes no conflict.
00:12:56.292 --> 00:12:57.375
And because it doesn't,
00:12:57.542 --> 00:12:59.667
it's a comfortable place
for a lot of brands.
00:12:59.833 --> 00:13:02.958
Advertising or advertisers don’t exert
any pressure on this stereotype:
00:13:03.125 --> 00:13:05.375
they are the actual stereotype.
00:13:05.542 --> 00:13:07.875
In all the advertising for products...
00:13:08.042 --> 00:13:09.833
such as detergents,
00:13:10.417 --> 00:13:11.958
we only find women.
00:13:12.125 --> 00:13:15.792
Women doing the cleaning, cooking,
00:13:15.958 --> 00:13:18.375
women taking care of their children...
00:13:18.542 --> 00:13:21.208
Women are the only ones
who feed their children.
00:13:30.125 --> 00:13:33.208
Advertising has often
reflected reality.
00:13:33.667 --> 00:13:35.542
Who buys detergents? Women.
00:13:35.708 --> 00:13:38.417
So then I'll make advertising
that shows that.
00:13:38.542 --> 00:13:42.375
Women who clean and choose
the right detergent
00:13:42.542 --> 00:13:43.875
for their clothes or dishes, etc.
00:13:44.042 --> 00:13:47.958
The image they project of Moroccan
women has absolutely nothing to do
00:13:48.125 --> 00:13:50.958
with their contribution
to Morocco's economy.
00:13:51.125 --> 00:13:53.917
It does not show female bosses,
00:13:54.083 --> 00:13:56.208
it does not show women who are pilots,
00:13:56.417 --> 00:13:59.708
it does not show women
who drive a train, a tram...
00:13:59.875 --> 00:14:01.958
Unfortunately, we never see that
in advertising.
00:14:02.125 --> 00:14:04.625
Advertising and the media in general
00:14:04.792 --> 00:14:08.375
use stereotypes because they are what
people are familiar with.
00:14:08.542 --> 00:14:10.083
I think that they need
00:14:10.250 --> 00:14:12.292
awareness and social commitment
00:14:12.458 --> 00:14:16.167
to realise that their job is not just
about selling a product,
00:14:16.375 --> 00:14:19.250
but that it has a tremendous
social impact
00:14:19.458 --> 00:14:21.083
they are not addressing.
00:14:21.458 --> 00:14:24.167
The image that they convey of...
00:14:25.625 --> 00:14:27.333
Not of women, but of society,
00:14:27.500 --> 00:14:30.458
because they also convey an image
of men that is not
00:14:30.625 --> 00:14:34.292
really the image of a man
as we know it,
00:14:34.458 --> 00:14:35.750
the way they operate.
00:14:43.750 --> 00:14:46.708
Advertising is lucky: it has a mass
audience, for better or worse.
00:14:46.875 --> 00:14:48.167
But when used properly,
00:14:48.333 --> 00:14:52.083
it can create something
of social interest, sustainable.
00:14:52.250 --> 00:14:55.250
It might not change the world,
but it can change things.
00:14:55.458 --> 00:14:59.083
As an industry, you have a duty
to sort out stereotypes
00:14:59.250 --> 00:15:01.250
and right the wrongs you caused.
00:15:09.542 --> 00:15:12.750
This was a groundbreaking
advertising campaign.
00:15:12.917 --> 00:15:15.125
In the automotive world,
00:15:15.542 --> 00:15:18.167
particularly in the world
of luxury vehicles,
00:15:18.333 --> 00:15:20.083
a car driver means a man.
00:15:20.375 --> 00:15:22.375
Or at most, you could pick up
00:15:22.542 --> 00:15:26.542
a babe if you have this flashy car.
00:15:27.167 --> 00:15:30.917
It was an outdated stereotype.
Women drive the same as men.
00:15:31.375 --> 00:15:32.750
We decided to change it.
00:15:33.042 --> 00:15:36.083
The most feminine thing
you can imagine with the ultimate car.
00:15:36.250 --> 00:15:39.000
The car used in Iron Man
and by Cristiano Ronaldo.
00:15:39.250 --> 00:15:42.833
This is the ultimate macho sports car.
00:15:43.208 --> 00:15:47.500
The campaign changed a lot of things
including the category.
00:15:47.625 --> 00:15:51.250
Suddenly when you watched
car adverts made in Spain
00:15:51.458 --> 00:15:52.667
there were women.
00:15:52.833 --> 00:15:55.875
Advertising should be
much more groundbreaking.
00:15:56.042 --> 00:15:57.542
But people are afraid.
00:15:57.667 --> 00:16:01.083
So rather than advertising
spearheading these changes,
00:16:01.250 --> 00:16:03.625
it tends to copy what is happening
in entertainment.
00:16:03.792 --> 00:16:06.875
There are two signs that God exists.
00:16:07.167 --> 00:16:10.542
The first and most important
is a woman's body.
00:16:13.208 --> 00:16:16.417
THE LAST CIRCUS (2011)
00:16:16.792 --> 00:16:19.083
When things are good his mood changes.
00:16:19.375 --> 00:16:22.333
What you mean
is that he doesn't beat you as much.
00:16:23.125 --> 00:16:24.333
Don't say that.
00:16:26.458 --> 00:16:29.333
The guys are medical students;
00:16:30.167 --> 00:16:33.542
they are women of ill repute.
00:16:36.125 --> 00:16:39.958
Together, they are the main characters
in Kisses for Everyone.
00:16:40.625 --> 00:16:41.417
Very seldom.
00:16:41.583 --> 00:16:43.500
I very seldom see myself reflected.
00:16:43.917 --> 00:16:45.542
Very few fiction characters.
00:16:45.667 --> 00:16:47.792
I don't see myself
or other women around me.
00:16:47.958 --> 00:16:49.708
What we see in the media
00:16:49.875 --> 00:16:53.083
relates to a male fantasy
00:16:53.208 --> 00:16:56.292
that leaves out many facets
of what a woman is.
00:16:56.917 --> 00:17:00.167
What I feel is missing are more varied
depictions of women.
00:17:00.917 --> 00:17:02.083
The women I see.
00:17:02.208 --> 00:17:04.667
Cinema doesn't reflect the women I see
in life.
00:17:04.833 --> 00:17:07.708
Very few women,
and that annoys me a lot.
00:17:07.875 --> 00:17:11.958
The other day in the metro all I saw
were posters
00:17:12.125 --> 00:17:15.708
of films with male protagonists:
five guys, three guys...
00:17:15.875 --> 00:17:18.792
Suddenly you sit back
and say to yourself:
00:17:18.958 --> 00:17:21.375
It's like I'm living in a world
where I don't exist.
00:17:22.167 --> 00:17:24.208
A guy was killed there ten years ago.
00:17:24.417 --> 00:17:25.375
THE WARNING (2018)
00:17:25.542 --> 00:17:27.208
-Isn't it a bit weird?
-What?
00:17:27.417 --> 00:17:28.417
7 VIRGINS
00:17:28.542 --> 00:17:30.625
He has a 48-hour permit,
00:17:30.958 --> 00:17:32.583
then you accompany him
for his re-admission.
00:17:33.125 --> 00:17:35.125
Smoke it all!
00:17:35.917 --> 00:17:38.208
I feel sort of frustrated.
00:17:38.417 --> 00:17:40.792
What sort of world is this?
I'm part of it.
00:17:40.958 --> 00:17:44.083
Why doesn't this world recognise me
as a person
00:17:44.250 --> 00:17:46.958
who plays an active part in it,
a living being,
00:17:47.125 --> 00:17:48.167
a person with plans?
00:17:48.792 --> 00:17:50.792
90% of women
00:17:50.917 --> 00:17:53.875
say they were inspired
by film and fiction characters
00:17:54.000 --> 00:17:57.792
to have more confidence in their vital
and professional decisions.
00:17:58.542 --> 00:18:03.125
84% would like to know more
about the merits obtained
00:18:03.292 --> 00:18:06.375
and less about the latest trends
in beauty and fashion.
00:18:07.042 --> 00:18:09.917
Firstly, I think that very few women
of my age
00:18:10.083 --> 00:18:11.125
appear on screen.
00:18:11.625 --> 00:18:14.958
They are mother-in-law figures
who are a pain in the arse.
00:18:15.542 --> 00:18:17.750
If they are depicted as having power,
00:18:19.708 --> 00:18:23.083
it's because it was the last resort,
the planet is in ruins,
00:18:23.250 --> 00:18:26.708
nothing is left, so it doesn't matter
if a woman is in charge.
00:18:26.875 --> 00:18:28.833
Above all, I don't see variety.
00:18:29.375 --> 00:18:31.208
And I also don't see roles...
00:18:31.417 --> 00:18:34.000
Not positive roles,
but three-dimensional ones.
00:18:34.167 --> 00:18:37.083
Positive-negative roles.
People are complex.
00:18:37.250 --> 00:18:39.542
A one-dimensional character:
00:18:39.708 --> 00:18:43.250
mother, whore, femme fatale.
Lolita, or what have you.
00:18:45.125 --> 00:18:48.750
Characters that you can't really
relate to.
00:18:49.250 --> 00:18:50.458
It's a stereotype.
00:18:50.917 --> 00:18:52.917
I know your weakness.
00:18:53.083 --> 00:18:54.125
Oh, yeah?
00:18:54.292 --> 00:18:55.542
What's that?
00:18:55.667 --> 00:18:59.208
You go to the school gates
to see girls' knickers.
00:19:00.292 --> 00:19:02.208
If that's what you think, goodbye.
00:19:02.417 --> 00:19:04.292
Knickers don't interest me at all.
00:19:05.667 --> 00:19:07.333
Just as well. I'm not wearing any.
00:19:07.542 --> 00:19:10.958
The male stereotype is noble,
brave, heroic.
00:19:11.208 --> 00:19:14.458
It's cooler, right?
At least it's a positive role model.
00:19:14.583 --> 00:19:16.625
-B & B?
-Bed and breakfast.
00:19:16.875 --> 00:19:19.125
-Served in bed if you want.
-With a blowjob.
00:19:19.375 --> 00:19:21.417
-It's true.
-Served in bed if you want.
00:19:22.833 --> 00:19:24.542
-What if it's a guy?
-There are none.
00:19:24.708 --> 00:19:26.167
All women, it's the law.
00:19:28.792 --> 00:19:30.958
Look: Morocco, Tangier, Tunisia,
48,000.
00:19:31.250 --> 00:19:32.875
No girls, just Arabs there.
00:19:33.792 --> 00:19:35.917
The girls in the Caribbean
are like her or better.
00:19:36.167 --> 00:19:38.583
Women are always weak,
00:19:39.667 --> 00:19:43.250
victims, long-suffering, selfless.
00:19:43.458 --> 00:19:46.208
-What do you like about women?
-Everything.
00:19:46.708 --> 00:19:48.583
Their endurance in tough situations.
00:19:48.875 --> 00:19:50.458
Women?
00:19:50.583 --> 00:19:52.458
Their ability to work.
00:19:52.583 --> 00:19:54.167
To create.
00:19:54.375 --> 00:19:57.417
I like women who are fighters,
00:19:57.958 --> 00:19:59.625
who have strong personalities.
00:19:59.792 --> 00:20:01.292
One example I would give
00:20:01.542 --> 00:20:04.458
is pretty typical, but it's my mum.
00:20:06.167 --> 00:20:09.458
She's a fighter
in the true sense of the word.
00:20:09.542 --> 00:20:11.125
She has been all her life.
00:20:11.292 --> 00:20:13.875
They usually offer constant support.
00:20:14.042 --> 00:20:15.458
They never lose heart.
00:20:15.667 --> 00:20:17.167
Perseverance.
00:20:17.375 --> 00:20:19.417
The confidence that they give to men.
00:20:19.625 --> 00:20:23.083
But what I particularly like
is the way they view life
00:20:23.250 --> 00:20:25.458
and their ability to put up
with suffering.
00:20:26.125 --> 00:20:28.833
It makes me envious,
we men don't have that.
00:20:31.625 --> 00:20:34.458
-Ali, you're stubborn and silly.
-Yes.
00:20:34.583 --> 00:20:36.833
-What else are you?
-Pretty.
00:20:37.750 --> 00:20:39.292
They portray us as hysterical,
00:20:39.500 --> 00:20:42.500
but never as characters
who are really cool.
00:20:42.625 --> 00:20:47.417
She's a woman until you add children
to the equation.
00:20:47.958 --> 00:20:49.208
Then you're a mother.
00:20:49.417 --> 00:20:51.667
What Victoria Abril said was funny.
00:20:51.833 --> 00:20:55.792
After a certain age, you're too old
to play the lover anymore.
00:20:55.958 --> 00:20:57.875
There are lots of dramatic roles,
00:20:58.458 --> 00:21:00.083
lots of...
00:21:00.250 --> 00:21:02.500
But not "what a cool role!"
00:21:02.625 --> 00:21:05.083
Stories mostly based on women
would have to be created
00:21:05.250 --> 00:21:08.125
to make rounded female characters
00:21:08.292 --> 00:21:11.458
that are complex, multifaceted.
00:21:12.042 --> 00:21:14.500
The inmates want to kill you,
the guards too.
00:21:14.583 --> 00:21:16.250
You fucking rock!
00:21:16.458 --> 00:21:20.500
A recent film
that really grabbed my attention
00:21:20.583 --> 00:21:22.750
was Arrival.
00:21:22.917 --> 00:21:25.667
The film is science fiction.
00:21:25.833 --> 00:21:28.542
There are space ships, weird aliens.
00:21:28.667 --> 00:21:32.042
They need to communicate with them
and look for the best interpreter
00:21:32.208 --> 00:21:34.583
they can find,
who happens to be a woman.
00:21:34.750 --> 00:21:38.917
There are few films where a woman
excels in her field.
00:21:39.083 --> 00:21:42.792
How many films can I recall
where there is a top professional?
00:21:43.583 --> 00:21:46.875
Not one who turns out to be a bitch.
00:21:47.625 --> 00:21:51.458
Not a boss from hell, overambitious,
00:21:51.542 --> 00:21:55.000
someone whose kids commit suicide
because she neglects them?
00:21:55.208 --> 00:21:57.708
One of my role models was
00:21:57.875 --> 00:22:00.542
Lieutenant Ripley in Alien.
00:22:00.667 --> 00:22:03.667
She's an amazing character.
00:22:03.833 --> 00:22:06.542
She was on the space ship
00:22:06.708 --> 00:22:09.667
because of her expert skills,
00:22:09.833 --> 00:22:12.292
and because presumably...
00:22:12.500 --> 00:22:16.417
Well, she's second-in-command
on the Nostromo.
00:22:16.542 --> 00:22:19.375
She's bright, resourceful.
00:22:19.500 --> 00:22:20.583
She knows what to do.
00:22:20.750 --> 00:22:24.250
In the last season of Game of Thrones
I thought it was amazing
00:22:24.458 --> 00:22:27.875
that we had to wait until 2018
to see a scene
00:22:28.042 --> 00:22:31.208
in which four or five queens
00:22:31.417 --> 00:22:33.167
are gathered together discussing
00:22:33.375 --> 00:22:35.833
military strategies.
Whatever strategy.
00:22:36.000 --> 00:22:38.750
How many times have we seen that scene
00:22:39.625 --> 00:22:42.875
with military strategies,
bank robbers...
00:22:43.792 --> 00:22:47.458
Scenes in which five men
are deciding something
00:22:47.583 --> 00:22:50.500
is stereotypical, a constant feature
00:22:50.625 --> 00:22:52.958
in so many stories.
00:22:53.125 --> 00:22:56.458
Until that scene came on our screens
00:22:56.583 --> 00:23:00.833
played exclusively by women
discussing power games.
00:23:01.250 --> 00:23:04.542
If I can't give my son security,
who can?
00:23:05.375 --> 00:23:07.000
The banks?
00:23:07.625 --> 00:23:09.167
The politicians?
00:23:09.375 --> 00:23:11.417
The IMF, the UN?
00:23:13.458 --> 00:23:15.500
MAY GOD SAVE US (2016)
00:23:15.625 --> 00:23:17.542
We can, gentlemen.
00:23:17.667 --> 00:23:21.625
In the end, what is universal
is associated with masculinity.
00:23:21.917 --> 00:23:25.833
Women are the exception,
on the fringes, the companion.
00:23:26.000 --> 00:23:28.542
What we said before: we play a woman.
00:23:28.667 --> 00:23:30.542
True passion,
00:23:30.708 --> 00:23:32.417
what really occurs,
00:23:32.542 --> 00:23:33.625
is a male thing.
00:23:33.792 --> 00:23:36.458
What they actually love is themselves.
00:23:38.500 --> 00:23:41.958
A study reported
the number of words spoken
00:23:42.125 --> 00:23:44.833
by male and female characters
00:23:45.000 --> 00:23:46.792
in approximately 2,000 films.
00:23:46.958 --> 00:23:50.375
The data show that men
speak more often than women,
00:23:50.542 --> 00:23:53.833
even in films where women
are the lead characters.
00:23:54.125 --> 00:23:55.542
In Mulan, for instance,
00:23:55.667 --> 00:23:58.083
Mushu, the dragon who protects her,
00:23:58.292 --> 00:24:02.917
has 50% more words than Mulan herself.
00:24:04.458 --> 00:24:07.875
What they said to us quite openly
when we were little:
00:24:08.042 --> 00:24:10.667
"Hopefully you'll find a good man,"
00:24:10.833 --> 00:24:14.458
is still true on an emotional level
even today. Why?
00:24:14.583 --> 00:24:16.500
Because of audiovisual narratives.
00:24:16.708 --> 00:24:20.458
If they convey something to you
in a specifically oral way,
00:24:20.583 --> 00:24:22.625
you detect it and can say no.
00:24:22.875 --> 00:24:26.375
But if that same thing is said
in fiction,
00:24:26.542 --> 00:24:28.625
all wrapped up in a logical context,
00:24:29.083 --> 00:24:31.042
it's very hard to realise it.
00:24:31.583 --> 00:24:35.917
"Hypersexualised and passive: women
in Spanish cinema for teenagers"
00:24:36.667 --> 00:24:39.708
"Women in the cinema and TV:
few, young, and minor roles"
00:24:39.917 --> 00:24:42.917
It means that girls
who would reject this message,
00:24:43.083 --> 00:24:46.625
have never questioned it
when they hear it in a film.
00:24:46.792 --> 00:24:50.708
They're watching films
where that is exactly what happens.
00:24:51.125 --> 00:24:55.583
"This Swedish exec knows how
to achieve gender equality in cinema".
00:25:37.792 --> 00:25:41.417
"No female director
among 12 films for production in 2017"
00:25:41.875 --> 00:25:44.833
"Goya Awards 2019
Women in cinema at a disadvantage"
00:25:46.500 --> 00:25:50.250
"RTVE skips Equality Law when
assigning funding to Spanish cinema"
00:26:12.333 --> 00:26:16.000
On women in directing and scripting
in Spain - Directing 20% Men 80%
00:26:16.167 --> 00:26:20.583
Feature films directed by women
have 50% less of a budget
00:26:20.750 --> 00:26:23.750
"Spanish cinema is unable
to break away from inequality."
00:26:23.917 --> 00:26:27.417
"Out of 173 film,
only 31 were directed by women."
00:26:33.375 --> 00:26:34.917
I'd always worked with men.
00:26:35.083 --> 00:26:37.542
Bright, bearded men with pipes.
00:26:37.708 --> 00:26:39.583
So it was a figure
00:26:39.750 --> 00:26:41.167
that has nothing in common with me.
00:26:41.375 --> 00:26:45.708
Chus Gutiérrez took me to New York
to shoot Sublet.
00:26:46.625 --> 00:26:48.167
Apart from a close friendship,
00:26:48.375 --> 00:26:50.583
she was a director who was my age.
00:26:50.750 --> 00:26:54.250
It wasn’t like seeing myself,
but she was someone like me.
00:26:54.458 --> 00:26:56.667
I thought, if Chus can direct...
00:26:57.542 --> 00:26:59.958
It was incredibly inspiring.
00:27:00.125 --> 00:27:03.292
The producers were real ogres.
00:27:03.500 --> 00:27:05.417
They were quite scary.
00:27:05.542 --> 00:27:08.542
Their attitude created
a lot of tension.
00:27:08.667 --> 00:27:10.000
I wouldn't say respect.
00:27:10.750 --> 00:27:14.000
With Cristina Huete,
my first female producer,
00:27:14.167 --> 00:27:16.375
I totally surrendered to
00:27:16.542 --> 00:27:19.167
all the many qualities that she has.
00:27:19.833 --> 00:27:21.417
Her closeness,
00:27:21.542 --> 00:27:23.417
her ability to make a team.
00:27:23.542 --> 00:27:25.542
The empathy that she showed
00:27:25.708 --> 00:27:28.917
towards each of the members.
00:27:29.542 --> 00:27:33.625
The way she concerned herself
with their personal issues,
00:27:33.792 --> 00:27:36.625
because she was convinced,
like myself,
00:27:36.792 --> 00:27:40.083
that your personal and emotional
state of mind
00:27:40.250 --> 00:27:42.167
affects your involvement.
00:28:09.042 --> 00:28:11.208
My name is Luz Estela Álvarez Giménez
00:28:11.417 --> 00:28:13.042
and I'm 23.
00:28:14.958 --> 00:28:18.875
Women were the lead characters
in my two feature films.
00:28:19.917 --> 00:28:23.125
It has a lot more to do
with the subject matter.
00:28:23.292 --> 00:28:25.542
I choose the subject matter
00:28:25.667 --> 00:28:29.375
and then work with women
based on that.
00:28:31.542 --> 00:28:35.667
I think that this awareness
has more to do
00:28:35.833 --> 00:28:37.667
with what I want to address.
00:28:38.542 --> 00:28:40.500
UNSTOPPABLE (2018)
00:28:41.042 --> 00:28:43.833
Blessed is the fruit of thy womb,
Jesus...
00:28:45.583 --> 00:28:48.917
They commissioned me for my last film.
00:28:49.083 --> 00:28:52.667
The main character is a man
and it was actually quite hard for me
00:28:52.833 --> 00:28:54.708
to put myself in his place.
00:28:54.875 --> 00:28:56.583
It was honestly quite hard.
00:28:56.750 --> 00:28:59.583
I've been writing with a friend
for 20 years.
00:28:59.833 --> 00:29:01.042
Tamara Viñes.
00:29:02.750 --> 00:29:06.292
We talked about how difficult
it had been for us
00:29:07.667 --> 00:29:09.625
to see things from his point of view,
00:29:09.792 --> 00:29:12.458
see life through his eyes.
00:29:12.792 --> 00:29:17.250
Yet it was so easy for us
to tell his wife's story,
00:29:17.458 --> 00:29:20.542
even though she is only
a minor character.
00:29:21.750 --> 00:29:25.917
She's important, but not to the same
extent as he is as the lead character.
00:29:26.250 --> 00:29:27.833
There are differences.
00:29:28.000 --> 00:29:30.250
-Where are you from?
-The Dominican Republic.
00:29:30.833 --> 00:29:33.458
Santo Domingo.
I've been here four years.
00:29:33.542 --> 00:29:35.500
-In the Caribbean, right?
-Yes.
00:29:36.958 --> 00:29:37.708
I'm from here.
00:29:37.917 --> 00:29:40.250
A character
in Flowers from Another World
00:29:40.458 --> 00:29:41.667
is Dominican.
00:29:41.833 --> 00:29:46.417
We wanted something from her past
to play a part in her life today,
00:29:46.542 --> 00:29:48.417
and be an obstacle
for her relationship.
00:29:48.542 --> 00:29:51.417
My screenplay partner,
Julio Llamazares,
00:29:51.542 --> 00:29:54.042
immediately focussed
on her being a prostitute.
00:29:54.208 --> 00:29:56.958
It was the second film,
but even at that point
00:29:57.125 --> 00:30:01.250
something inside me said
I didn't want her to be a prostitute.
00:30:01.458 --> 00:30:03.833
I decided
that she'd been married before.
00:30:04.000 --> 00:30:05.875
After that, the same actress
00:30:06.042 --> 00:30:08.292
only got roles as a prostitute.
00:30:08.875 --> 00:30:11.417
It's probably the most common role
for women.
00:30:11.542 --> 00:30:12.667
So...
00:30:13.583 --> 00:30:15.167
what do you reckon?
00:30:15.917 --> 00:30:17.542
My name is Lola.
00:30:17.667 --> 00:30:19.542
I'm very pretty.
00:30:19.625 --> 00:30:21.792
Very pretty and very expensive.
00:30:21.958 --> 00:30:24.833
-You can sleep with that guy later.
-What else?
00:30:25.000 --> 00:30:28.542
Throw him out before five.
I want my sheets to be clean.
00:30:29.875 --> 00:30:32.833
I'm out of here.
I feel like a monkey in a cage.
00:30:33.917 --> 00:30:35.917
Girls, come on in!
00:30:39.167 --> 00:30:41.125
You're a whore!
00:30:41.417 --> 00:30:42.542
You screwed me, Rita.
00:30:42.708 --> 00:30:45.375
Now it's my turn.
Give me your panties.
00:30:46.250 --> 00:30:47.583
Sorry.
00:30:47.750 --> 00:30:49.792
Is this where the young ladies are?
00:30:50.875 --> 00:30:51.833
"Young ladies"?
00:30:52.792 --> 00:30:53.750
Whores?
00:30:54.375 --> 00:30:55.292
Ah, yes.
00:30:55.542 --> 00:30:57.875
I think that as long as women
00:30:58.042 --> 00:31:03.375
do not produce and direct
as many films as men do,
00:31:04.042 --> 00:31:06.125
thus opening the door
00:31:06.292 --> 00:31:09.708
to other types of narrative,
other ways of reflecting reality,
00:31:09.875 --> 00:31:11.792
to other issues...
00:31:11.958 --> 00:31:15.042
Films with lead characters
who are 50-year-old women,
00:31:15.208 --> 00:31:16.458
there are some, but few.
00:31:16.542 --> 00:31:19.792
Sex scenes that break with convention,
00:31:19.958 --> 00:31:24.083
women who enjoy a wide variety
of different experiences,
00:31:24.250 --> 00:31:26.458
and who find love as well.
00:31:26.542 --> 00:31:29.542
Love should not be
the only subject of the film.
00:31:31.000 --> 00:31:33.625
The fact that women are making
00:31:33.792 --> 00:31:35.708
more films about themselves,
00:31:36.250 --> 00:31:38.542
completely changes the discourse.
00:31:38.625 --> 00:31:41.958
The discourse has always
been dominated
00:31:42.125 --> 00:31:44.875
by the depiction and role of gender.
00:31:45.042 --> 00:31:46.625
What men do, what women do.
00:31:46.792 --> 00:31:50.042
I recently saw a foreign series.
00:31:50.542 --> 00:31:55.250
The first three images
were of powerful women.
00:31:55.458 --> 00:31:57.250
That has a visual impact.
00:31:57.458 --> 00:31:59.625
That raises awareness
00:32:00.167 --> 00:32:02.125
about the presence of powerful women.
00:32:02.292 --> 00:32:04.667
For young girls who see it,
00:32:04.833 --> 00:32:06.875
the message is they can be that.
00:32:07.500 --> 00:32:10.167
We cannot imagine the power that
00:32:10.375 --> 00:32:12.458
it has on a little girl
when she sees a woman
00:32:12.875 --> 00:32:15.458
who has made it,
who is involved in politics,
00:32:15.542 --> 00:32:17.500
who is a doctor, who is...
00:32:17.583 --> 00:32:19.792
They exist, but they are never shown.
00:32:19.958 --> 00:32:22.542
The media,
and television in particular,
00:32:22.750 --> 00:32:24.542
have a duty.
00:32:24.667 --> 00:32:28.667
They have a duty to show these women,
00:32:28.833 --> 00:32:30.833
so that they become role models.
00:32:31.000 --> 00:32:32.292
The power the media have
00:32:32.500 --> 00:32:35.250
to educate and manipulate
is enormous.
00:32:35.625 --> 00:32:37.583
And I have to say
00:32:37.750 --> 00:32:41.708
that the subject matter
of my latest film, domestic violence,
00:32:41.875 --> 00:32:44.750
is heavily influenced by the media.
00:32:44.917 --> 00:32:48.542
They have played a role
at perpetuating
00:32:48.917 --> 00:32:51.417
male violence and the patriarchy.
00:32:51.542 --> 00:32:54.625
The media have done that,
and this includes cinema.
00:32:55.167 --> 00:33:00.250
"1,000 victims of male violence
against women: unfinished business"
00:33:00.500 --> 00:33:03.417
Why are women still portrayed
as sex objects?
00:33:04.292 --> 00:33:08.250
This is very closely linked
to the world of art.
00:33:08.417 --> 00:33:11.542
Artists were responsible for creating
00:33:11.667 --> 00:33:13.875
and producing all the stereotypes
00:33:14.083 --> 00:33:17.625
that you, the advertising agencies,
still use today.
00:33:17.792 --> 00:33:21.250
The very earliest artists
were the first advertising execs.
00:33:31.708 --> 00:33:33.833
If we had to define an image
of a woman
00:33:34.000 --> 00:33:37.042
that was most repeated
throughout visual art history,
00:33:37.333 --> 00:33:39.417
which do you think that would be?
00:33:39.667 --> 00:33:40.875
The Virgin.
00:33:41.125 --> 00:33:44.292
The Virgin is the female figure
that is most repeated
00:33:44.792 --> 00:33:48.375
and with which femininity
is most associated throughout history.
00:33:48.875 --> 00:33:50.542
Few advertising campaigns
00:33:50.667 --> 00:33:52.958
have been as powerful
as the Virgin Mary.
00:33:53.167 --> 00:33:55.917
The example of a woman
who is selfless,
00:33:56.083 --> 00:33:59.292
committed, caste, pure,
virgin and mother,
00:33:59.500 --> 00:34:02.833
is still going around in our heads
even today.
00:34:03.000 --> 00:34:04.792
But what about paternity?
00:34:05.208 --> 00:34:08.083
Do you recall any famous painting
in art history
00:34:08.292 --> 00:34:10.667
where a man cares for his baby?
00:34:11.667 --> 00:34:13.000
Does anybody?
00:34:13.875 --> 00:34:16.083
No? Absolute silence?
00:34:16.875 --> 00:34:19.292
Saturn Devouring his Son.
00:34:19.458 --> 00:34:22.958
Yes, I know it isn't
the best example of a father figure,
00:34:23.250 --> 00:34:27.542
but it's the first thing
that comes to mind in that respect.
00:34:40.000 --> 00:34:42.292
The Story of Art by Gombrich.
00:34:43.083 --> 00:34:44.250
A seminal work
00:34:45.167 --> 00:34:47.625
on art in the full sense of the word.
00:34:48.125 --> 00:34:51.792
This is a wonderful book, accessible,
00:34:52.458 --> 00:34:54.625
and it's actually a best seller.
00:34:54.792 --> 00:34:57.542
Over eight million copies
have been sold worldwide
00:34:57.708 --> 00:35:00.250
and it has been translated
into over 40 languages.
00:35:00.417 --> 00:35:02.000
It's almost perfect.
00:35:02.167 --> 00:35:04.417
Except that the author forgot
to include
00:35:04.542 --> 00:35:07.250
all the female artists
in the history of art.
00:35:07.958 --> 00:35:11.125
The history of art
had no female representatives
00:35:11.292 --> 00:35:12.917
up until very recently.
00:35:13.083 --> 00:35:16.000
Parallel texts began appearing
00:35:16.167 --> 00:35:18.375
that introduced the presence
of women.
00:35:19.083 --> 00:35:24.042
Most of them are works
that have been written by women.
00:35:26.000 --> 00:35:27.333
I'm going to add,
00:35:27.667 --> 00:35:32.000
between pages 166-167 of this book,
00:35:32.167 --> 00:35:35.458
the first female European painter
acknowledged as such:
00:35:37.625 --> 00:35:39.208
the illuminator "N".
00:35:39.917 --> 00:35:42.125
She was a predecessor
of Romanesque art.
00:35:42.292 --> 00:35:44.708
This illuminator was Spanish,
00:35:44.875 --> 00:35:46.833
from the region of Zamora.
00:35:47.000 --> 00:35:49.542
She illustrated The Gerona Beatus.
00:35:49.708 --> 00:35:53.542
We know she was an educated woman
familiar with sacred scriptures.
00:35:53.667 --> 00:35:55.625
These are some of her illustrations.
00:35:55.792 --> 00:36:00.083
I had absolutely no female role models
at university.
00:36:00.250 --> 00:36:03.250
The most surprising thing
is that I didn't miss them.
00:36:03.958 --> 00:36:06.083
In a work by two women -
00:36:06.250 --> 00:36:10.375
Old Mistresses by Griselda Pollock
and Rozskia Parker -
00:36:10.542 --> 00:36:13.458
the question is raised
right at the beginning
00:36:13.583 --> 00:36:17.042
how Vasari, in the 16th century,
00:36:17.208 --> 00:36:21.292
mentions many women in his treaty
on the story of art,
00:36:21.458 --> 00:36:24.542
yet the most eminent authors
of the 20th century
00:36:24.667 --> 00:36:26.583
such as Gombrich and Janson
00:36:26.750 --> 00:36:27.958
do not mention any?
00:36:28.125 --> 00:36:30.000
When I read that
00:36:30.167 --> 00:36:33.125
it was like a real slap in the face
00:36:33.750 --> 00:36:35.417
that made me say, "How?"
00:36:36.500 --> 00:36:39.875
Gombrich was my go-to book,
the one I read with passion.
00:36:40.042 --> 00:36:44.042
How could he not include women,
and how could I not realise that?
00:36:46.167 --> 00:36:47.708
The next artist I will add
00:36:48.125 --> 00:36:51.583
is possibly the most important figure
of the Middle Ages.
00:36:52.042 --> 00:36:54.792
She was recently named
Doctor of the Church,
00:36:54.958 --> 00:36:57.000
a title only held by four women.
00:36:57.167 --> 00:36:59.083
Her name is Hildegard of Bingen.
00:36:59.833 --> 00:37:02.792
She would have been as highly regarded
as Leonardo da Vinci
00:37:02.958 --> 00:37:04.208
if she had been a man.
00:37:04.375 --> 00:37:07.125
She was a poet, composer, dramatist,
00:37:07.292 --> 00:37:10.875
scientist, apothecary, medic, abbess.
00:37:11.333 --> 00:37:15.792
She was one of the first women
to write about the female orgasm.
00:37:16.500 --> 00:37:20.292
This piece is entitled
The Universal Man.
00:37:21.000 --> 00:37:24.167
It predates Da Vinci's Vitruvio
by 400 years.
00:37:24.958 --> 00:37:29.542
I recommend you listen to her music,
it's absolutely fascinating.
00:37:32.917 --> 00:37:34.875
It's essential
to look for role models.
00:37:35.042 --> 00:37:38.958
Because we need them
and because they are not there.
00:37:39.125 --> 00:37:41.792
It's almost become a mantra.
Making a list
00:37:42.542 --> 00:37:44.250
of our own genealogy.
00:37:44.417 --> 00:37:46.542
Each woman needs that genealogy
00:37:46.667 --> 00:37:50.458
to purify her of all the disgrace
she has suffered.
00:37:53.292 --> 00:37:56.625
This group of female artists
in the Paris of the 1920s and 1930s,
00:37:56.792 --> 00:37:59.292
during the so-called "new women" era,
00:37:59.500 --> 00:38:02.958
helped me discover
a valid group of women
00:38:04.083 --> 00:38:07.167
with whom I could identify.
00:38:07.375 --> 00:38:11.125
Surprisingly,
there were quite a lot of them.
00:38:11.292 --> 00:38:16.917
They had set up networks
to help each other
00:38:17.583 --> 00:38:18.833
that were very consolidated.
00:38:19.000 --> 00:38:20.958
They were artists, writers,
00:38:21.125 --> 00:38:24.542
they organised and put on plays
about themselves.
00:38:24.792 --> 00:38:28.042
They supported each other
and received patronage.
00:38:31.167 --> 00:38:33.292
Suzanne Valadon
00:38:33.500 --> 00:38:38.208
is possibly the most important
Post-Impressionist painter there is.
00:38:38.375 --> 00:38:39.458
She's French.
00:38:39.583 --> 00:38:41.458
She began her career very young.
00:38:41.583 --> 00:38:45.583
She ran away from home
and joined a circus.
00:38:45.750 --> 00:38:47.750
She worked as a tightrope walker.
00:38:48.000 --> 00:38:51.792
At one point, she fell off the
tightrope and injured herself badly.
00:38:51.958 --> 00:38:55.292
Her friends said to her
that since she was pretty
00:38:55.458 --> 00:38:58.542
she should go to the square
where all the painters were
00:38:58.667 --> 00:39:01.083
and she'd be hired as a model.
And it worked.
00:39:01.250 --> 00:39:04.792
She modeled for Puvis de Chavannes,
Renoir...
00:39:04.958 --> 00:39:06.917
At one point, Toulouse-Lautrec,
00:39:07.083 --> 00:39:08.292
who also painted her,
00:39:08.583 --> 00:39:11.250
saw her sketchpad with drawings.
00:39:11.417 --> 00:39:14.750
He asked her what she was doing
working as a model
00:39:14.917 --> 00:39:17.500
when she was a superb painter.
00:39:18.083 --> 00:39:20.292
So fortunately, Suzanne
00:39:20.458 --> 00:39:23.208
gave up modelling
and focussed on painting.
00:39:23.375 --> 00:39:28.292
Here we can see some
of the wonderful work that she did.
00:39:29.500 --> 00:39:31.542
Each time I look at them I think:
00:39:31.708 --> 00:39:35.708
why didn't I have this role model
when I studied Fine Art?
00:39:37.375 --> 00:39:39.167
When I painted a model,
00:39:39.292 --> 00:39:40.958
I'd like to have had this example.
00:39:41.125 --> 00:39:44.667
Suzanne Valandon's work
could have been a starting point.
00:39:44.833 --> 00:39:47.875
I don't think the art world
is interested in feminist art.
00:39:48.042 --> 00:39:50.083
That has obviously changed now,
00:39:50.250 --> 00:39:53.708
but our work is conceived
as a sort of ghetto.
00:39:54.250 --> 00:39:57.167
If you do gender work
you're part of that ghetto.
00:39:57.292 --> 00:40:00.000
Female artists
are certainly been rediscovered
00:40:00.167 --> 00:40:02.125
and reappraised.
00:40:02.292 --> 00:40:06.292
Right now is the optimal moment,
00:40:06.458 --> 00:40:09.417
but it doesn't stop being a ghetto.
00:40:14.667 --> 00:40:16.500
In the art world,
00:40:16.625 --> 00:40:19.542
there are more men in exhibitions,
00:40:20.208 --> 00:40:22.125
at art trade fairs.
00:40:22.292 --> 00:40:24.250
Work done by women
00:40:24.583 --> 00:40:26.292
is not paid as well.
00:40:26.500 --> 00:40:28.750
Men receive more scholarships.
00:40:29.042 --> 00:40:31.750
The juries are also made up of men,
00:40:31.917 --> 00:40:34.125
so they appreciate more
00:40:34.292 --> 00:40:35.542
the work of other men.
00:40:35.667 --> 00:40:38.875
As a teacher,
I've often come across female students
00:40:39.042 --> 00:40:41.667
who did work that amazed me,
00:40:41.833 --> 00:40:46.208
but other male teachers had told them
it wasn't relevant.
00:40:46.375 --> 00:40:49.292
I think it's very obvious.
00:40:49.458 --> 00:40:51.375
But you regard it as normal
00:40:51.542 --> 00:40:54.125
until you start discussing it
with other women
00:40:54.292 --> 00:40:56.458
and they make you open your eyes.
00:40:56.833 --> 00:40:59.125
Women have realised we need
to join together,
00:40:59.292 --> 00:41:02.042
bring about change ourselves.
00:41:02.208 --> 00:41:04.292
That means building up our confidence,
00:41:04.500 --> 00:41:07.833
doing away with the idea
that we're impostors,
00:41:08.000 --> 00:41:10.667
the social biases that we have.
00:41:10.833 --> 00:41:12.792
Giving mutual support to one another.
00:41:12.958 --> 00:41:16.167
Let women who fought to reach
positions of power
00:41:16.292 --> 00:41:18.542
help those who are behind them.
00:41:19.208 --> 00:41:21.875
SECOND WAVE OF FEMINISM
19th CENTURY
00:41:23.208 --> 00:41:28.167
In 1848,
the Seneca Falls Declaration,
00:41:28.417 --> 00:41:32.958
denounced the political restrictions
imposed on women.
00:41:33.708 --> 00:41:37.000
They could not vote,
run in elections,
00:41:37.167 --> 00:41:38.958
or hold public offices,
00:41:39.042 --> 00:41:42.250
or join political organisations.
00:41:42.417 --> 00:41:44.000
"Suffragette Emily Davison killed"
00:41:46.250 --> 00:41:49.333
In 1903, Emmeline Pankhurst
00:41:49.625 --> 00:41:53.875
founded the Women's Social
and Political Union.
00:41:54.250 --> 00:41:55.292
At that time,
00:41:55.458 --> 00:41:59.250
demands for suffrage
and women's political rights
00:41:59.417 --> 00:42:02.500
became an openly violent
and militant struggle.
00:42:02.625 --> 00:42:08.083
A VOTE FOR EVERY MAN,
AND A VOTE FOR EVERY WOMAN!
00:42:08.208 --> 00:42:10.208
Now it's all about quotas.
00:42:10.375 --> 00:42:12.542
A certain number of awards
have been given
00:42:12.667 --> 00:42:15.125
to men and women
for whatever category.
00:42:15.292 --> 00:42:18.750
So we're redirecting it,
but without addressing
00:42:18.917 --> 00:42:20.125
the real issue.
00:42:20.292 --> 00:42:22.458
I get the feeling
00:42:22.583 --> 00:42:25.000
that when I was young
00:42:25.167 --> 00:42:26.625
it was freer than it is today.
00:42:26.875 --> 00:42:30.125
Now it all seems to be
a lot more calculated.
00:42:30.292 --> 00:42:33.750
They have more tricks today.
There were no quotas back then.
00:42:33.917 --> 00:42:36.458
You simply weren't there.
00:42:36.583 --> 00:42:39.708
Now what all the statistics show
00:42:39.875 --> 00:42:42.125
is that women apparently
have a presence,
00:42:42.292 --> 00:42:44.250
but you're not really there
00:42:44.417 --> 00:42:47.458
because these are strategies
that were devised so that
00:42:47.583 --> 00:42:49.333
it looks that way.
00:42:49.583 --> 00:42:52.542
Number of male and female artists
at ARCO 2018.
00:42:52.708 --> 00:42:54.667
This year at ARCO
00:42:55.917 --> 00:42:58.708
the number
of female artists present fell.
00:42:59.750 --> 00:43:01.292
Even more.
00:43:01.458 --> 00:43:04.042
How are my male colleagues doing?
00:43:04.542 --> 00:43:07.750
They're better off financially,
which is logical.
00:43:07.917 --> 00:43:10.333
The figures speak for themselves.
00:43:10.500 --> 00:43:13.833
Winners of art prizes
Women/Men/Groups, Others
00:43:14.000 --> 00:43:16.750
Spain, European Average,
Germany, UK, France
00:43:17.167 --> 00:43:21.000
"Women who were erased
from the art history books"
00:43:23.958 --> 00:43:27.375
"Do state-run museums discriminate
against female artists?
00:43:27.542 --> 00:43:29.208
The case of the Reina Sofía."
00:43:29.542 --> 00:43:32.042
"Quotas not the solution
to women's presence in art"
00:43:32.208 --> 00:43:34.792
The Reina Sofía is actually
one of the museums
00:43:35.125 --> 00:43:37.958
with less female artists,
and it's a quota system.
00:43:38.125 --> 00:43:39.417
You can tell that it is.
00:43:39.875 --> 00:43:42.375
For example, I would really like
00:43:42.542 --> 00:43:44.292
to carry out that study
00:43:44.458 --> 00:43:48.083
on how much money they invest
in male and female artists.
00:43:48.250 --> 00:43:52.167
Men are present in the major projects,
00:43:52.292 --> 00:43:55.292
the big productions,
ones with considerable backing.
00:43:55.458 --> 00:43:59.667
They're still there
in that male vision of the art world.
00:44:00.167 --> 00:44:03.292
Today, women are there
to make up the statistics.
00:44:10.042 --> 00:44:12.667
Guerilla Girls
are feminist activist artists.
00:44:12.833 --> 00:44:16.000
They show where women are
within the art world.
00:44:16.167 --> 00:44:20.375
So there are a series of actions
00:44:20.542 --> 00:44:22.875
based on statistics
00:44:23.042 --> 00:44:26.250
that show what is actually going on.
00:44:29.542 --> 00:44:32.292
THE ADVANTAGES
OF BEING A WOMAN ARTIST:
00:44:32.458 --> 00:44:35.917
Work without the pressure of success,
Do not coincide with men at shows,
00:44:36.083 --> 00:44:39.917
Disconnect from the art world
after freelancing in four jobs...
00:44:44.292 --> 00:44:45.833
We're here.
00:44:46.917 --> 00:44:49.417
Said, you've grown so much!
00:44:54.458 --> 00:44:55.583
Mother!
00:44:59.167 --> 00:45:01.375
This article is from...
00:45:01.958 --> 00:45:05.042
Wednesday, 25 March 2009.
00:45:05.208 --> 00:45:07.958
I was promoting Return to Hansala.
00:45:08.750 --> 00:45:12.542
The text is flawless and conveys
the essence of the film.
00:45:12.833 --> 00:45:14.708
But they published this photo.
00:45:15.000 --> 00:45:16.917
This photo is not harmless.
00:45:17.500 --> 00:45:19.667
I wonder what thought process
00:45:19.833 --> 00:45:23.000
allowed someone to approve
the publication of this photo
00:45:23.167 --> 00:45:25.250
and what the true aim was.
00:45:25.875 --> 00:45:29.542
A demonstration of male power,
of patriarchal power.
00:45:29.667 --> 00:45:32.833
Any group that is more powerful
00:45:33.000 --> 00:45:34.458
remains in the shadows.
00:45:34.583 --> 00:45:37.833
At a given moment
the idea is to take the worst photo.
00:45:38.000 --> 00:45:39.500
Not the photo
00:45:39.625 --> 00:45:42.792
that shows intelligence,
strength, power.
00:45:44.125 --> 00:45:47.542
"Inés Arrimadas
wearing tight moiré pattern dress"
00:45:47.708 --> 00:45:51.542
"Carmena insulted in police chatroom:
'Hope the old bitch dies soon' "
00:45:51.958 --> 00:45:56.000
"Happily, Barcelona mayor not
to abort: Ada Colau pregnant at 42"
00:45:56.167 --> 00:45:58.375
"Susi Sánchez: "Some directors
stopped calling me
00:45:58.542 --> 00:46:00.167
when they found out I was lesbian."
00:46:00.917 --> 00:46:03.292
Every five year since 1995,
00:46:03.458 --> 00:46:06.292
the Global Media Monitoring Project
00:46:06.500 --> 00:46:08.458
has taken the pulse
00:46:08.625 --> 00:46:12.250
of the presence of women in the news
in the press,
00:46:12.500 --> 00:46:14.542
radio and television.
00:46:15.417 --> 00:46:17.167
In the past 20 years,
00:46:17.458 --> 00:46:21.125
the increase in the presence of women
has only been 7%.
00:46:21.542 --> 00:46:25.333
In politics,
their presence has increased by 9%,
00:46:25.750 --> 00:46:28.250
although in global figures
they only represent 16%,
00:46:28.417 --> 00:46:31.000
compared to 84% for men.
00:46:31.833 --> 00:46:34.792
In celebrity, arts and sports news,
00:46:35.042 --> 00:46:38.250
their presence has dropped by 1%.
00:46:38.542 --> 00:46:40.542
In crime and violence,
00:46:40.875 --> 00:46:43.000
this figure has increased 7%.
00:46:44.583 --> 00:46:46.875
Women continue to be consulted
00:46:47.042 --> 00:46:49.458
as popular opinion providers,
witnesses
00:46:49.667 --> 00:46:51.542
or personal experience providers.
00:46:51.708 --> 00:46:55.083
As experts, they only make up 19%.
00:46:57.417 --> 00:47:00.708
Sometimes I feel the media
treat me well, other times not at all.
00:47:00.875 --> 00:47:03.500
That's the honest truth.
00:47:03.875 --> 00:47:07.458
When you hold office
00:47:08.042 --> 00:47:09.792
in a public arena,
00:47:09.958 --> 00:47:12.292
and not just in a public arena.
00:47:12.500 --> 00:47:15.750
Politics too
is a very tough public arena
00:47:15.917 --> 00:47:18.000
for women and always has been.
00:47:18.167 --> 00:47:20.375
Both now and in the past.
00:47:20.542 --> 00:47:23.000
"Fernández de la Vega:
A Woman at the Helm"
00:47:23.167 --> 00:47:27.250
You read the press every day.
You have to.
00:47:27.417 --> 00:47:31.625
I do pay a lot of attention
to gender bias
00:47:31.792 --> 00:47:34.125
when they describe a woman and a man.
00:47:34.917 --> 00:47:38.375
You notice it
when there are only men in a photo.
00:47:38.750 --> 00:47:41.917
"Business community meeting,"
and they're all men.
00:47:42.417 --> 00:47:44.583
The typical photo of politicians.
00:47:44.750 --> 00:47:47.125
I think we should start to say no
00:47:47.292 --> 00:47:49.542
when they ask us to appear
00:47:49.667 --> 00:47:52.208
in photocalls
where there are only men.
00:47:52.625 --> 00:47:55.375
It's a blatant display of male power.
00:47:56.542 --> 00:47:58.417
It happens all over the place.
00:47:58.542 --> 00:48:01.167
At a hairdressing award ceremony.
00:48:01.583 --> 00:48:06.125
I'm in IFEMA managing
fashion and lifestyle trade fairs,
00:48:06.292 --> 00:48:07.250
and you suddenly say:
00:48:07.458 --> 00:48:10.792
"There are no female prizewinners."
00:48:10.958 --> 00:48:13.208
You have to be like Jiminy Cricket,
00:48:13.375 --> 00:48:16.375
constantly reminding others
about this type of thing.
00:48:16.542 --> 00:48:19.250
You turn on the TV and see a talk show
with six men.
00:48:19.417 --> 00:48:21.083
Did no one realise...
00:48:21.250 --> 00:48:25.500
We must be in a bad way
if no one realised
00:48:25.625 --> 00:48:27.417
this does not represent us.
00:48:27.542 --> 00:48:29.792
Even if it's just for the image
it sends out.
00:48:29.958 --> 00:48:32.417
Men have their place guaranteed.
00:48:33.042 --> 00:48:34.458
It's the norm.
00:48:34.583 --> 00:48:37.458
For a man to be in power
or in the government
00:48:38.000 --> 00:48:38.958
is the norm.
00:48:39.125 --> 00:48:41.500
A man who is determined, resolute.
00:48:41.958 --> 00:48:43.958
A man who knows what he wants.
00:48:44.125 --> 00:48:45.833
So what does that make you?
00:48:46.000 --> 00:48:47.417
An intruder.
00:48:47.625 --> 00:48:49.250
Overambitious.
00:48:50.083 --> 00:48:54.750
A praying mantis
that devours those who annoy her.
00:48:55.292 --> 00:48:57.917
It's funny, the same people
who wrote that then said:
00:48:58.083 --> 00:49:02.292
"However, in her personal life
she's a wonderful individual."
00:49:02.500 --> 00:49:04.542
The patriarchy is very smart.
00:49:04.708 --> 00:49:07.667
They try and distract you,
but you must ignore it.
00:49:07.833 --> 00:49:10.625
Especially when you hold a position
of responsibility,
00:49:10.792 --> 00:49:14.500
they try and undermine you
using all these means.
00:49:14.625 --> 00:49:18.417
You have to make yourself stronger
so as not to get involved.
00:49:18.542 --> 00:49:21.208
From very early on
I learnt how to take
00:49:21.500 --> 00:49:22.917
the blows,
00:49:23.083 --> 00:49:26.000
to the point where I was
so used to it,
00:49:26.167 --> 00:49:28.542
that I didn't even notice them.
00:49:28.667 --> 00:49:32.250
And the last time I was in Parliament
00:49:32.417 --> 00:49:33.750
they started asking me:
00:49:33.917 --> 00:49:36.542
What do you do to be so thick skinned?
00:49:36.667 --> 00:49:37.917
You're subjected to...
00:49:38.083 --> 00:49:42.125
not just your talent is questioned.
00:49:42.292 --> 00:49:44.083
The way you act is questioned.
00:49:44.292 --> 00:49:47.750
And of course your physical appearance
and what you're wearing.
00:49:47.917 --> 00:49:49.208
Who you're sleeping with,
00:49:49.375 --> 00:49:52.500
if you're sleeping with someone
or not, if you're a mother or not.
00:49:52.625 --> 00:49:53.917
All of those things,
00:49:54.083 --> 00:49:57.042
if you're a genius, a creative talent,
00:49:57.208 --> 00:49:59.958
a high-profile man,
are absolutely irrelevant.
00:50:00.125 --> 00:50:02.542
Men have lots of room to manoeuvre.
00:50:02.708 --> 00:50:04.292
We're incredibly limited.
00:50:04.500 --> 00:50:07.708
A good piece of advice
to give a woman
00:50:07.875 --> 00:50:10.125
if she wants to go into politics,
00:50:10.292 --> 00:50:14.583
is that the blows must not
make you question yourself
00:50:14.750 --> 00:50:16.583
or your ideas.
00:50:17.042 --> 00:50:18.708
It's normal, you tell yourself,
00:50:18.875 --> 00:50:21.542
they are not attacking you,
00:50:21.667 --> 00:50:24.458
it's not that I'm not a nice person
or whatever.
00:50:24.583 --> 00:50:26.250
It's a woman in politics,
00:50:26.417 --> 00:50:28.708
a woman in a position of power.
00:50:28.875 --> 00:50:31.833
That's what they attack
and it's the norm.
00:50:32.000 --> 00:50:33.750
Is it important? Yes, it is.
00:50:33.917 --> 00:50:36.833
You are what you are
in every respect.
00:50:37.000 --> 00:50:39.292
They leave you feeling confused.
00:50:39.500 --> 00:50:41.083
You talk about an important issue
00:50:41.250 --> 00:50:42.917
and they say, "Look at her shoes."
00:50:43.083 --> 00:50:46.833
When the media ask me for info
00:50:47.042 --> 00:50:48.458
or something for a press release
00:50:48.583 --> 00:50:50.292
and they slip in a photo,
00:50:50.500 --> 00:50:53.667
if I don't check that,
00:50:53.833 --> 00:50:57.583
they publish a photo of male students.
Exclusively male.
00:50:57.750 --> 00:51:00.625
If I don't give it my full attention
just once,
00:51:01.250 --> 00:51:05.917
girls will not appear in a photo
for a physics and technology fair.
00:51:06.083 --> 00:51:08.250
An ordinary day in a news room
00:51:08.417 --> 00:51:09.917
is pretty hectic.
00:51:10.083 --> 00:51:12.208
You're working flat out.
00:51:14.375 --> 00:51:17.583
So the last thing I'm thinking about
is gender politics.
00:51:17.750 --> 00:51:20.875
Because you have to revise each photo,
00:51:21.042 --> 00:51:22.292
each headline.
00:51:22.708 --> 00:51:26.500
First, most media outlets are run
by men. That's just for starters.
00:51:26.625 --> 00:51:28.375
They are the decision makers,
00:51:28.542 --> 00:51:31.750
the ones who decide
what news is reported.
00:51:32.083 --> 00:51:34.083
In the end, men call the shots.
00:51:34.250 --> 00:51:36.708
The world is run
by Anglo-Saxon men,
00:51:36.875 --> 00:51:39.167
normally white, middle-aged,
00:51:39.292 --> 00:51:40.875
and usually heterosexual,
00:51:41.042 --> 00:51:43.875
or at least that's the status quo.
00:51:44.542 --> 00:51:46.417
Many women work in Biomedicine.
00:51:46.542 --> 00:51:49.542
At the Príncipe Felipe
Research Centre,
00:51:49.667 --> 00:51:52.500
over 60% of the personnel are women.
00:51:52.625 --> 00:51:55.542
It is true that as far
as representation is concerned,
00:51:55.708 --> 00:51:59.917
as soon as you leave this institution,
00:52:00.083 --> 00:52:03.542
if a committee is made up of
six people,
00:52:03.708 --> 00:52:05.250
four are men, two are women.
00:52:05.417 --> 00:52:09.667
It isn't because there are no women.
There are plenty in Biomedicine.
00:52:09.833 --> 00:52:12.500
It's simply because these positions
00:52:12.625 --> 00:52:15.375
are positions of trust
appointed by men.
00:52:15.542 --> 00:52:17.125
It's jobs for the boys.
00:52:17.292 --> 00:52:19.167
Men appoint friends, colleagues.
00:52:19.292 --> 00:52:21.917
A woman is often not appointed
00:52:22.083 --> 00:52:24.625
because they don't know she exists,
she isn't visible.
00:52:24.792 --> 00:52:27.792
Mujeres Tech
was recently awarded a prize.
00:52:27.958 --> 00:52:30.833
I'm grateful,
but I would have preferred
00:52:31.000 --> 00:52:33.083
another type of prize:
00:52:33.250 --> 00:52:36.833
for at least one woman to give
some of the most important talks.
00:52:37.000 --> 00:52:38.250
There was not one.
00:52:38.417 --> 00:52:41.083
Yes, this is 2019.
00:52:41.250 --> 00:52:46.042
I also found a Who's Who of the event
that featured
00:52:46.208 --> 00:52:50.208
outstanding, historic figures
in the hardware and software industry.
00:52:50.375 --> 00:52:52.958
There was not one single woman.
00:52:53.125 --> 00:52:55.250
Not Hedy Lamarr,
the inventor of WiFi,
00:52:55.875 --> 00:52:57.917
Ada Lovelace,
the inventor of algorithms.
00:52:58.083 --> 00:53:02.000
Ángela Ruíz, inventor of the eBook
and a native of León,
00:53:02.167 --> 00:53:05.500
or Gladys West,
who invented GPS.
00:53:15.417 --> 00:53:18.333
There are things
that I still can't my head around.
00:53:18.500 --> 00:53:21.250
This 2009 news item, for example,
00:53:21.417 --> 00:53:24.458
from Guadalajara
International Film Festival, Mexico.
00:53:24.875 --> 00:53:26.458
In the headline we see
00:53:26.583 --> 00:53:30.542
"The Milk of Sorrow" has won
the Best Latin American film award.
00:53:31.083 --> 00:53:34.000
The title below states that "Camino",
a Spanish film,
00:53:34.167 --> 00:53:35.958
won Best Photography.
00:53:36.500 --> 00:53:40.083
It isn't until the second paragraph
that there is no mention of
00:53:40.333 --> 00:53:43.042
"Return to Hansala"
winning two of the key prizes:
00:53:43.208 --> 00:53:45.333
Best Direction and Best Screenplay.
00:53:45.500 --> 00:53:48.292
"Svetlana Alexievich not credited
for 'Voices of Chernobyl' "
00:53:48.458 --> 00:53:51.583
The famous invisibility.
It's harder for you to be seen.
00:53:51.750 --> 00:53:52.667
Definitely.
00:53:52.833 --> 00:53:56.542
It's easier to forget your name
than a man's names.
00:53:56.708 --> 00:54:00.250
The press makes a tally of all those
who have won
00:54:00.417 --> 00:54:04.125
the Cannes Critics' Award,
and my name doesn't appear.
00:54:04.292 --> 00:54:07.000
I got the first prize.
The journalist forgot that.
00:54:07.625 --> 00:54:11.500
I think those oversights happen
more often with women.
00:54:12.458 --> 00:54:13.458
A lot more often.
00:54:13.583 --> 00:54:15.458
For my first film,
00:54:15.583 --> 00:54:18.792
a documentary called I Don't Know What
Your Eyes Have Done To Me,
00:54:19.875 --> 00:54:23.375
I wrote the screenplay
and co-directed it with a man.
00:54:24.083 --> 00:54:26.167
When the film premiered,
00:54:26.292 --> 00:54:29.375
writing and directing it
was divided equally between us,
00:54:30.417 --> 00:54:33.667
everyone talked about
Sergio Wolf's film.
00:54:34.417 --> 00:54:35.833
No one named me.
00:54:36.000 --> 00:54:37.208
It was incredible.
00:54:37.375 --> 00:54:40.542
Not only was he credited first,
my name had vanished.
00:54:40.708 --> 00:54:43.000
That was quite tough for me.
00:54:43.167 --> 00:54:46.458
The problem with women
is not that they haven't done work.
00:54:46.583 --> 00:54:49.458
The problem is that this work
does not go any further.
00:54:49.833 --> 00:54:51.833
There are conscious vested interests
00:54:52.000 --> 00:54:53.208
to ensure this.
00:54:53.542 --> 00:54:56.583
"Meet 12 of the world's
top scientists... They're women too!"
00:54:56.750 --> 00:54:59.167
UNBEATABLE GENERATION
00:54:59.292 --> 00:55:03.875
I could do 15 articles
about women in science. Boom!
00:55:04.042 --> 00:55:06.292
Women artists. Boom!
00:55:06.458 --> 00:55:09.708
Women who do different things,
but they all appear together.
00:55:09.875 --> 00:55:12.417
One woman isn't enough to fill
a whole page.
00:55:13.417 --> 00:55:15.292
A fashion magazine calls you.
00:55:15.458 --> 00:55:18.917
They dress you in Armani
or whoever.
00:55:19.833 --> 00:55:22.083
They do your makeup and take a photo
00:55:22.250 --> 00:55:24.875
that makes you look like a model,
when you're a photographer.
00:55:25.042 --> 00:55:27.583
"Women in classical music
break the glass ceiling"
00:55:28.125 --> 00:55:31.208
These photos are a way of valuing us
"in bulk".
00:55:31.375 --> 00:55:34.542
They deny us a clear identity,
an individual name,
00:55:34.708 --> 00:55:36.167
a personality.
00:55:36.875 --> 00:55:39.958
Many headlines
don't give information about us.
00:55:40.125 --> 00:55:43.500
"A woman wins
the Nobel of mathematics."
00:55:44.292 --> 00:55:47.833
"A woman will draft
the jail sentence for the Wolf Pack."
00:55:48.000 --> 00:55:49.875
What do you mean "a woman"?
00:55:50.042 --> 00:55:54.000
We're stressing the fact
that it's an exception,
00:55:54.167 --> 00:55:57.917
the article addresses this fact,
but is their name in the headline?
00:55:58.083 --> 00:56:01.958
You would never say:
"A man won the Nobel for physics."
00:56:02.125 --> 00:56:03.542
That's pretty obvious!
00:56:03.708 --> 00:56:06.875
It's like saying "a biped",
what information does it give us?
00:56:07.042 --> 00:56:10.083
A koala bear didn't win
the Nobel for physics!
00:56:10.250 --> 00:56:14.250
"The woman who was determined
to open a mosque in Ávila"
00:56:14.792 --> 00:56:17.292
I manage the Twitter accounts
of women in Tech.
00:56:17.500 --> 00:56:19.542
I often have to mention their name.
00:56:19.750 --> 00:56:23.000
I look for it in the body
of the article and cite it.
00:56:23.167 --> 00:56:25.500
It's a vicious circle.
00:56:25.625 --> 00:56:29.875
Because they're aware that women
aren't present,
00:56:30.292 --> 00:56:32.042
they don't appear in the media.
00:56:32.208 --> 00:56:33.833
And because of that,
00:56:34.000 --> 00:56:37.042
they aren't a reference
so that other media outlets
00:56:37.208 --> 00:56:38.375
look for those women.
00:56:38.542 --> 00:56:40.000
So, it's a vicious circle
00:56:40.167 --> 00:56:41.708
that can only be broken
00:56:41.875 --> 00:56:44.208
by looking for those women,
they do exist.
00:56:44.375 --> 00:56:47.417
We believe it's necessary
that they appear in the media
00:56:47.542 --> 00:56:48.750
and serve as role models.
00:56:48.917 --> 00:56:50.792
There are still newspapers
00:56:50.958 --> 00:56:53.000
and very important media outlets
00:56:53.167 --> 00:56:56.833
that report the murder of a woman as:
"A woman has died."
00:56:57.000 --> 00:56:59.375
That sort of thing still exists today.
00:56:59.542 --> 00:57:02.292
On social media, the internet,
00:57:02.500 --> 00:57:04.542
this still appears in major headlines.
00:57:04.833 --> 00:57:06.667
It's incredible.
00:57:07.125 --> 00:57:10.958
It needs to be reported properly.
00:57:11.708 --> 00:57:17.375
" 'El Cubano' strangles Martha,
flirty domestic help, with cable."
00:57:20.500 --> 00:57:25.250
My mother couldn't open her own
bank account until 1975.
00:57:25.417 --> 00:57:27.750
Alba is her granddaughter,
and we're in 2019.
00:57:27.917 --> 00:57:30.167
-Mum.
-Hey. You found me.
00:57:35.208 --> 00:57:37.458
My main role models
00:57:37.583 --> 00:57:40.875
have been the women
who were around me in my life:
00:57:41.042 --> 00:57:42.250
by that I mean you,
00:57:43.375 --> 00:57:46.042
my aunt, Blanca Li,
and my grandmother.
00:57:46.333 --> 00:57:49.250
Because you're the women
who inspired me
00:57:49.500 --> 00:57:51.667
to move ahead in my daily life
00:57:52.125 --> 00:57:54.125
and to face life in general.
00:57:54.500 --> 00:57:56.125
Why your grandmother?
00:57:57.250 --> 00:58:00.000
Well, my grandmother...
00:58:00.167 --> 00:58:01.542
because she was a woman who,
00:58:01.708 --> 00:58:05.542
despite her circumstances and her era,
00:58:05.708 --> 00:58:08.833
was enterprising, determined,
00:58:09.667 --> 00:58:11.292
strong, empowered.
00:58:11.500 --> 00:58:13.292
My grandmother ran a company.
00:58:13.500 --> 00:58:15.000
She was basically the boss.
00:58:15.167 --> 00:58:18.083
That was very unusual back then,
but despite that
00:58:18.542 --> 00:58:20.292
she formed a family
00:58:20.458 --> 00:58:23.208
and had seven children:
boys and girls.
00:58:23.708 --> 00:58:27.583
She had to take care of them,
feed them, educate them.
00:58:28.792 --> 00:58:31.625
That was my gran,
it was no mean feat!
00:58:32.250 --> 00:58:34.958
I remember that once
we were on a bus,
00:58:35.125 --> 00:58:37.375
I don't remember where we were going.
00:58:37.583 --> 00:58:41.417
You were 16 years old
and suddenly you said to me:
00:58:41.625 --> 00:58:44.875
"I'm sick of being a girl,
I want to be a guy."
00:58:45.250 --> 00:58:46.792
I know why that is.
00:58:47.667 --> 00:58:51.125
I had lots of cousins, all boys.
00:58:51.292 --> 00:58:54.000
So the clothes they gave me
were for boys.
00:58:55.083 --> 00:58:57.083
I used to wear boys' clothes.
00:58:57.250 --> 00:58:58.958
You dressed me in boys' clothes.
00:58:59.458 --> 00:59:02.292
I felt comfortable,
I didn't see any problem.
00:59:02.458 --> 00:59:05.042
I compared myself to my girlfriends
and said:
00:59:05.208 --> 00:59:07.042
"I look scruffy."
00:59:07.583 --> 00:59:11.417
But I felt comfortable and didn't
see why I had to wear a dress,
00:59:11.542 --> 00:59:13.458
which was uncomfortable for me
00:59:13.667 --> 00:59:17.208
if I wanted to run, jump,
or what have you.
00:59:17.625 --> 00:59:19.625
I think that's where it came from.
00:59:21.875 --> 00:59:23.958
-You're an actress now, right?
-Yes.
00:59:24.500 --> 00:59:26.417
You're starting your career.
00:59:27.708 --> 00:59:32.625
Do you feel pressured
because you're a woman?
00:59:33.250 --> 00:59:37.458
I think that in the world of acting,
a woman
00:59:37.875 --> 00:59:39.292
has more limitations.
00:59:39.542 --> 00:59:42.125
Men are allowed to play
a range of ages,
00:59:42.292 --> 00:59:45.292
but women are light years away
00:59:45.458 --> 00:59:47.208
from them, we're more limited.
00:59:47.542 --> 00:59:49.417
In the places I've worked
00:59:49.542 --> 00:59:52.250
there were a lot more older men
than older women.
00:59:52.708 --> 00:59:55.708
-Is there pressure because of age?
-Absolutely.
00:59:56.167 --> 00:59:59.958
What I mean is I don't see
that there are roles written
01:00:00.458 --> 01:00:04.583
for women over 50.
01:00:05.042 --> 01:00:07.375
As a young actress,
01:00:08.792 --> 01:00:11.250
do you get the feeling
01:00:11.417 --> 01:00:14.250
that the time will come
when you can't play all roles?
01:00:15.125 --> 01:00:18.667
Right now I'm under a lot of pressure
to work like crazy,
01:00:18.833 --> 01:00:22.417
because I'm afraid that later on
01:00:22.542 --> 01:00:24.500
it won't be that easy to find work
01:00:24.625 --> 01:00:26.458
because of my age.
01:00:27.167 --> 01:00:29.875
I don't think it's that easy.
01:00:32.542 --> 01:00:35.042
According to a report
by the World Economic Forum,
01:00:35.208 --> 01:00:37.583
economic equality
between men and women
01:00:37.792 --> 01:00:40.333
will not be reached until 2186.
01:00:40.542 --> 01:00:42.833
That means six generations.
01:00:43.167 --> 01:00:47.125
We will have to wait for Alba's
great-great-great-great granddaughter.
01:00:48.375 --> 01:00:51.125
THIRD WAVE OF FEMINISM
20TH CENTURY
01:00:53.250 --> 01:00:55.250
FEMINIST WRITER AND ACTIVIST
01:01:15.042 --> 01:01:16.917
In 1966
01:01:17.542 --> 01:01:22.250
Betty Friedan founded the National
Organization for Women in USA,
01:01:22.542 --> 01:01:25.125
which became the most influential
feminist group.
01:01:25.958 --> 01:01:29.958
Women at the time
began to reclaim their bodies,
01:01:30.333 --> 01:01:32.583
their sexuality
and the right to abort.
01:01:33.542 --> 01:01:35.000
This organisation considered
01:01:35.167 --> 01:01:38.042
that if women exercised
their vested rights,
01:01:38.208 --> 01:01:41.958
they would join public,
professional and political life,
01:01:42.208 --> 01:01:44.125
their problems would have a solution.
01:01:46.042 --> 01:01:48.542
AGAINST REPRESSION
01:01:54.375 --> 01:01:57.667
I experienced all the events
of May '68.
01:01:57.833 --> 01:02:00.750
There were numerous discussions,
debates,
01:02:00.917 --> 01:02:02.083
everyone talked...
01:02:04.250 --> 01:02:09.083
about socialism, communism,
revisionism, Stalinism...
01:02:09.250 --> 01:02:11.000
About Trotskyism...
01:02:11.167 --> 01:02:15.292
It was all a heady mix of debates
01:02:15.458 --> 01:02:16.958
and we spent the day debating.
01:02:17.125 --> 01:02:19.500
I have to say that the issue
of women's rights...
01:02:19.625 --> 01:02:21.208
I didn't...
01:02:21.625 --> 01:02:24.750
I didn't learn anything
about women's rights in France.
01:02:25.042 --> 01:02:26.542
By being militant
01:02:26.667 --> 01:02:28.667
I learnt commitment to the people.
01:02:34.792 --> 01:02:38.042
DEATH OF A CYCLIST (1955)
01:02:38.208 --> 01:02:40.875
My university was May '68.
01:02:41.042 --> 01:02:45.042
Our militancy and commitment were...
01:02:45.917 --> 01:02:48.750
The universities were shut
half the time.
01:02:48.917 --> 01:02:50.583
I was already a member...
01:02:50.750 --> 01:02:54.292
When I studied Law I was already
active in the Communist Party.
01:02:54.458 --> 01:02:55.542
It was a time of my life
01:02:56.375 --> 01:02:58.417
that was truly explosive.
01:03:00.167 --> 01:03:02.875
You also discovered freedom, love.
01:03:03.042 --> 01:03:05.333
That was a key period.
01:03:05.917 --> 01:03:09.125
It was when you begin
experimenting with feminism.
01:03:09.292 --> 01:03:11.625
You start your journey of feminism
01:03:11.792 --> 01:03:13.375
by reading...
01:03:16.042 --> 01:03:18.042
The Second Sex by Simone de Beauvoir.
01:03:18.208 --> 01:03:21.542
It's a book that profoundly marked
all of our generation.
01:03:23.042 --> 01:03:24.958
My profession was not my dream.
01:03:25.125 --> 01:03:28.875
I used to say that I worked
to make a living,
01:03:29.042 --> 01:03:31.083
but I had very big dreams.
01:03:32.000 --> 01:03:33.292
With my commitment,
01:03:33.500 --> 01:03:36.250
I dreamt of being like Rosa Luxemburg,
01:03:36.417 --> 01:03:38.292
like Angela Davis...
01:03:38.750 --> 01:03:41.500
Back then, they were the names
of women
01:03:41.833 --> 01:03:43.500
that I had heard.
01:03:43.625 --> 01:03:45.958
They were revolutionary women.
01:03:46.125 --> 01:03:50.500
And they were the women
in which I projected myself.
01:03:54.375 --> 01:03:57.833
It was political awareness
and personal awareness.
01:03:58.000 --> 01:04:00.500
It happens at a time
when you're still very young
01:04:00.625 --> 01:04:03.000
and you announce:
"I want to go to Paris."
01:04:03.208 --> 01:04:06.167
And your father says no.
Your brother can, but not you.
01:04:06.667 --> 01:04:08.250
It's an example.
01:04:12.667 --> 01:04:14.667
I have to say that at the time
01:04:14.833 --> 01:04:17.542
there were militant women
who were students,
01:04:17.667 --> 01:04:19.125
but most of them,
01:04:19.292 --> 01:04:22.083
once they married,
we never saw them again.
01:04:22.625 --> 01:04:24.833
They just vanished, and at the time
01:04:25.000 --> 01:04:28.375
I made a resolute decision
01:04:28.542 --> 01:04:31.208
and said: I will never marry...
I was very young.
01:04:31.500 --> 01:04:33.500
I will never marry a man
01:04:34.708 --> 01:04:38.000
who does not respect
my political engagement.
01:04:38.167 --> 01:04:41.792
And if I do have children,
I am adamant
01:04:41.958 --> 01:04:44.417
that I will not give up my commitment
01:04:44.583 --> 01:04:45.750
even with children.
01:04:49.417 --> 01:04:50.750
-Cry.
-I've never cried!
01:04:50.917 --> 01:04:53.208
-Women cry.
-Let me go!
01:04:53.667 --> 01:04:56.417
The woman you imagine is a slave.
Let go!
01:04:56.583 --> 01:04:59.500
Slavery was abolished a long time ago,
you know?
01:04:59.750 --> 01:05:02.250
THE RIGHTS OF A WOMAN (1963)
01:05:02.458 --> 01:05:05.250
No, I'm not crying!
I won't be humilliated.
01:05:05.417 --> 01:05:08.750
I want the same rights.
Fifty per cent.
01:05:08.917 --> 01:05:12.542
We were preparing ourselves
for a tough time in society.
01:05:12.667 --> 01:05:15.125
An example I had was my aunt Jimena.
01:05:15.958 --> 01:05:19.417
She suffered a lot of discrimination.
01:05:19.542 --> 01:05:21.875
She was one of Spain's
first female scientist,
01:05:22.125 --> 01:05:24.708
she introduced genetics into medicine.
01:05:24.875 --> 01:05:28.167
She was the one who warned me
01:05:28.333 --> 01:05:31.417
to get ready,
that this would be a battlefield,
01:05:31.542 --> 01:05:34.417
so I'd have to be well-qualified,
and work hard.
01:05:35.708 --> 01:05:39.167
When I arrived in Morocco,
one day I was told
01:05:39.292 --> 01:05:40.958
to take charge of the women.
01:05:41.125 --> 01:05:42.542
And I refused.
01:05:42.708 --> 01:05:45.417
I want to fight like everyone else,
01:05:45.583 --> 01:05:48.458
I want to change the way
people live in this country.
01:05:48.583 --> 01:05:52.042
And he replied:
"I'll tell you something, Nouzha."
01:05:52.208 --> 01:05:55.917
"If you don't deal
with women's rights, no one will."
01:05:58.208 --> 01:06:00.833
And that affected me...
01:06:01.000 --> 01:06:02.958
I asked him why women?
01:06:03.125 --> 01:06:06.750
He replied
that they suffered violent situations,
01:06:06.917 --> 01:06:09.375
their husbands beat them.
01:06:09.542 --> 01:06:13.500
I knew nothing about that,
I was a young woman of 22-23.
01:06:13.792 --> 01:06:18.042
And so I asked him
why they didn't divorce.
01:06:18.208 --> 01:06:19.958
He told me they couldn't.
01:06:22.833 --> 01:06:23.875
All right.
01:06:24.042 --> 01:06:26.750
And how come no one talks about this?
01:06:26.917 --> 01:06:30.833
And when I began researching,
I was stupefied.
01:06:31.000 --> 01:06:35.000
How can things like this exist?
01:06:35.167 --> 01:06:36.917
Once I began working
in women's rights,
01:06:37.583 --> 01:06:39.250
there was no turning back,
01:06:39.417 --> 01:06:41.667
because there were no women
in parliament,
01:06:41.833 --> 01:06:43.375
no women in the government,
01:06:43.542 --> 01:06:45.083
no women in the town council.
01:06:45.250 --> 01:06:48.125
There were very unfair laws
against women
01:06:48.292 --> 01:06:49.875
that no one talked about.
01:06:55.000 --> 01:06:59.083
There isn't just one way
for women to exercise power.
01:06:59.250 --> 01:07:00.417
There are many ways.
01:07:00.542 --> 01:07:03.958
Many women exercise power
in different ways.
01:07:04.125 --> 01:07:07.083
Power as we understand it,
01:07:08.083 --> 01:07:10.375
as a male thing,
in vertical structures,
01:07:10.542 --> 01:07:12.417
is a noun.
01:07:12.583 --> 01:07:13.917
"The power."
01:07:15.292 --> 01:07:18.625
Power that places you above people.
01:07:19.208 --> 01:07:21.167
The way we women understand
the term
01:07:21.625 --> 01:07:23.667
is that "power" is a verb
01:07:24.417 --> 01:07:26.375
enabling you to do things.
01:07:28.750 --> 01:07:30.750
The "egosystem",
01:07:32.125 --> 01:07:33.542
not the ecosystem.
01:07:33.750 --> 01:07:37.667
Women tend to join together,
put plans into action.
01:07:38.042 --> 01:07:40.917
Women are in the majority
at La Casa Encendida.
01:07:41.167 --> 01:07:44.042
And now there are more and more of us.
01:07:44.208 --> 01:07:47.083
I think the key here
is horizontal organisation.
01:07:47.250 --> 01:07:49.792
Women are better team players.
01:07:49.958 --> 01:07:54.625
There is a feeling of community,
of helping each other grow together,
01:07:54.792 --> 01:07:56.625
sharing information.
01:07:56.792 --> 01:08:00.125
That doesn't happen as much with men.
01:08:00.417 --> 01:08:03.708
Perhaps because women
are more communicative.
01:08:03.875 --> 01:08:06.000
We talk more about
01:08:06.167 --> 01:08:09.250
what we're going through, problems,
what we think,
01:08:09.417 --> 01:08:12.292
and sharing those things
helps information flow.
01:08:12.500 --> 01:08:16.417
I think that creates the feeling
of a strong team.
01:08:17.208 --> 01:08:21.875
It helps combine forces, together
we can get this off the ground.
01:08:22.292 --> 01:08:23.958
No one is in the limelight.
01:08:24.125 --> 01:08:26.458
I lead from a position
of truth, honesty,
01:08:26.583 --> 01:08:30.125
and I care about keeping
on that track.
01:08:30.292 --> 01:08:31.750
My approach is horizontal.
01:08:31.917 --> 01:08:34.417
When I used to interview people
01:08:34.542 --> 01:08:37.667
I'd asked the copywriters
if they were good people.
01:08:38.292 --> 01:08:40.000
"Are you a good person?"
01:08:40.167 --> 01:08:42.250
Most were amazed.
01:08:42.417 --> 01:08:44.583
But it's something that I learnt, too.
01:08:44.750 --> 01:08:47.500
There was a time when I hired
because of talent
01:08:47.833 --> 01:08:49.542
without heeding my gut feeling.
01:08:49.708 --> 01:08:52.042
I convinced myself
not to be so radical.
01:08:52.458 --> 01:08:54.083
It doesn't matter.
Yes, it does.
01:08:55.250 --> 01:08:58.417
Someone with lots of talent,
but who isn't a good person
01:08:58.542 --> 01:09:00.208
is not going to click with me.
01:09:00.375 --> 01:09:03.125
The challenge lies precisely
01:09:03.708 --> 01:09:06.292
in changing those structures.
01:09:06.667 --> 01:09:08.167
I always give the example
01:09:08.292 --> 01:09:10.750
of Obama and Hillary Clinton.
01:09:10.917 --> 01:09:13.500
At the time, Obama played the role
01:09:13.625 --> 01:09:16.625
of horizontality, empowering people,
01:09:17.083 --> 01:09:19.750
using his slogan "Yes We Can".
01:09:19.917 --> 01:09:24.625
That means power not as a noun,
but as an active verb.
01:09:26.250 --> 01:09:30.125
When Hillary Clinton faced Obama
in the presidential primaries,
01:09:30.542 --> 01:09:32.500
she was the one who made a video
01:09:32.625 --> 01:09:34.625
in which the red phone rings
01:09:34.792 --> 01:09:37.792
and she asks if that happens
do you want me to answer the call?
01:09:38.000 --> 01:09:39.875
And she picks up.
01:09:40.292 --> 01:09:42.125
For me, that represented
01:09:42.833 --> 01:09:46.042
the image of vertical management.
01:09:46.208 --> 01:09:48.667
The red phone means war.
01:09:48.833 --> 01:09:52.833
Everything that "power" represents
as a noun.
01:09:53.000 --> 01:09:54.750
I respect but I don't share the idea
01:09:54.917 --> 01:09:57.625
of women exercising power like men,
01:09:57.792 --> 01:09:59.333
because I think it's a waste.
01:09:59.500 --> 01:10:02.667
It's a shame,
because women have the capacity,
01:10:02.833 --> 01:10:05.417
or we should have the capacity
01:10:05.542 --> 01:10:07.125
thanks to our history,
01:10:07.292 --> 01:10:10.042
to identify different realities
among the shadows.
01:10:10.208 --> 01:10:13.625
When you're a women you do see them.
01:10:13.792 --> 01:10:17.083
I've enjoyed seeing how certain women
have exercised power
01:10:17.250 --> 01:10:20.042
and taken into account
the perspective of gender,
01:10:20.208 --> 01:10:22.667
the perspective of inclusion.
01:10:22.833 --> 01:10:24.125
Exercising power
01:10:24.542 --> 01:10:27.042
according to what they have
experienced and seen
01:10:27.208 --> 01:10:29.667
and what they see.
Some might not see it.
01:10:29.833 --> 01:10:33.000
It makes you angry when women
01:10:33.625 --> 01:10:35.667
don't make changes,
01:10:36.917 --> 01:10:40.625
because we have the knowledge,
the tools and our memories
01:10:41.292 --> 01:10:43.208
to make things change.
01:10:43.375 --> 01:10:46.667
To make sure little girls,
women of the future,
01:10:47.375 --> 01:10:49.833
don't always have to climb mountains,
01:10:50.000 --> 01:10:52.458
to make twice as much effort.
01:10:52.583 --> 01:10:55.917
That feeling of always struggling
up the mountain.
01:10:56.542 --> 01:10:58.042
At some point
01:10:58.500 --> 01:11:00.042
there will be a slope down.
01:11:00.208 --> 01:11:02.000
Does it all have to be uphill?
01:11:02.375 --> 01:11:04.917
I had to make twice the effort.
01:11:05.375 --> 01:11:07.917
I had limits that were determined
01:11:08.083 --> 01:11:10.583
not by the situation,
but by my gender.
01:11:10.750 --> 01:11:13.042
Because I was a woman, a girl.
01:11:13.500 --> 01:11:15.625
That fills you with anger.
01:11:16.875 --> 01:11:19.917
It's an anger that I think
has always been with me.
01:11:20.458 --> 01:11:21.542
I still feel it.
01:11:21.708 --> 01:11:24.542
At this stage in my life I realise
01:11:24.708 --> 01:11:26.500
I had to make a lot of effort,
01:11:26.625 --> 01:11:29.375
more than a man.
And there was no reason for that.
01:11:29.542 --> 01:11:31.458
It was gratuitous, unnecessary.
01:11:31.875 --> 01:11:36.417
I ran in the elections
for the first time in 1976
01:11:36.542 --> 01:11:38.292
and I wasn't elected.
01:11:38.500 --> 01:11:42.125
The second time that I ran
for the legislative elections
01:11:42.292 --> 01:11:43.708
in 1977,
01:11:44.125 --> 01:11:47.667
I was the only female candidate
in Casablanca.
01:11:47.833 --> 01:11:50.250
I was the only woman candidate.
01:11:50.417 --> 01:11:53.875
There was not one single female
candidate in the whole of Morocco.
01:11:54.250 --> 01:11:58.542
After that, I ran a third time,
a fourth time,
01:11:58.708 --> 01:12:01.125
a fifth time, a sixth time...
01:12:01.542 --> 01:12:05.292
Sometimes I ran for mayoral elections,
other times for legislative ones.
01:12:05.500 --> 01:12:07.250
And it wasn't until the seventh time
01:12:07.417 --> 01:12:09.625
that I was elected
in the mayoral elections.
01:12:09.792 --> 01:12:13.500
I was among the 0.34% of women
who were elected.
01:12:14.458 --> 01:12:16.000
To the beautiful
01:12:17.417 --> 01:12:19.458
Member of Parliament Ansúrez.
01:12:19.708 --> 01:12:22.417
I'm not sure about her gift
of the gab, but I am sure
01:12:22.542 --> 01:12:24.708
that she'll make people nervous!
01:12:25.208 --> 01:12:27.792
I want to propose another toast.
01:12:29.125 --> 01:12:32.625
So I don't have to listen
to members of my party
01:12:33.708 --> 01:12:36.917
using such inappropriate,
empty words again.
01:12:38.500 --> 01:12:41.208
The 2011 Constitution announced
01:12:41.375 --> 01:12:43.792
that men and women were to enjoy
01:12:43.958 --> 01:12:45.583
equal rights and freedoms
01:12:45.750 --> 01:12:50.792
of civil, political, economic, social,
and environmental character.
01:12:50.958 --> 01:12:53.667
Violence and discrimination
were prohibited.
01:12:53.833 --> 01:12:55.417
Parity was proclaimed.
01:12:55.958 --> 01:12:59.875
It has been a tremendous breakthrough
for women.
01:13:00.042 --> 01:13:03.167
There were elections after 2011,
01:13:03.292 --> 01:13:05.833
and the first party to come to power,
01:13:06.000 --> 01:13:09.417
led by a coalition government,
01:13:09.542 --> 01:13:11.833
is the most conservative party
01:13:12.375 --> 01:13:13.667
that Morocco has ever known.
01:13:13.833 --> 01:13:17.125
Shortly after, there was only one
female minister.
01:13:17.708 --> 01:13:18.708
That's the end of it.
01:13:18.875 --> 01:13:22.167
And all the MPs
from all the political parties
01:13:22.708 --> 01:13:26.125
stood up in Parliament
holding signs that said:
01:13:26.292 --> 01:13:27.750
Where is Article 19?
01:13:27.917 --> 01:13:30.167
Where is parity?
Just one woman
01:13:30.333 --> 01:13:32.833
among 32 or 33 MPs is not normal.
01:13:33.250 --> 01:13:36.500
"Never forget that a political,
economic or religious crisis
01:13:36.625 --> 01:13:40.667
would suffice to call women's rights
into question." Simone de Beauvoir
01:13:41.042 --> 01:13:44.708
It's no longer a question of justice
or parity, but common sense.
01:13:44.875 --> 01:13:46.958
It has been shown
01:13:47.750 --> 01:13:50.583
that things improve in areas
where women are involved.
01:13:50.750 --> 01:13:54.917
At all levels.
So the world can no longer afford
01:13:55.083 --> 01:13:59.167
to manage without women,
who make up over half the population.
01:14:00.625 --> 01:14:03.125
Obviously,
I believe in joint responsibility.
01:14:03.292 --> 01:14:05.708
But also in individual responsibility
01:14:05.875 --> 01:14:07.417
as something...
01:14:08.500 --> 01:14:09.750
that is basic in life.
01:14:10.917 --> 01:14:14.292
Each and every one of us
can do something.
01:14:14.792 --> 01:14:19.375
We have increasingly more choices,
which is a political tool.
01:14:19.542 --> 01:14:23.208
We can choose not to take part
in something that rejects us
01:14:23.375 --> 01:14:24.833
and do politics that way.
01:14:25.000 --> 01:14:28.417
Girls need to be encouraged
so they achieve great things.
01:14:28.542 --> 01:14:31.167
Okay, you don't have role models,
but you can do it.
01:14:31.333 --> 01:14:34.042
And boys can be jointly responsible.
01:14:34.208 --> 01:14:35.792
Cry, process,
01:14:35.958 --> 01:14:38.542
show me your emotions.
Talk, talk to me.
01:14:38.708 --> 01:14:43.375
I saw an African president
who visits young schoolgirls.
01:14:44.042 --> 01:14:46.583
She says hello to all of them.
See? You can be like me.
01:14:46.750 --> 01:14:50.292
Then she goes to the next school
and says the same thing.
01:14:50.458 --> 01:14:52.500
It's part of her mandate.
01:14:52.625 --> 01:14:55.917
We need to carry on doing
what we're already doing.
01:14:56.583 --> 01:14:59.375
There need to be conferences...
01:15:00.250 --> 01:15:03.917
places where we can debate,
share ideas, see each other.
01:15:04.083 --> 01:15:06.417
I don't like playing the victim card,
okay.
01:15:06.542 --> 01:15:08.792
If we don't like something
we change it.
01:15:08.958 --> 01:15:10.833
This is how we work in innovation.
01:15:11.000 --> 01:15:14.542
We focus on problem-solving.
We don't look for culprits.
01:15:14.667 --> 01:15:16.875
This is the best time ever.
01:15:17.042 --> 01:15:20.167
We have many tools
and many opportunities.
01:15:20.292 --> 01:15:23.750
I imagine a future of struggles.
01:15:23.917 --> 01:15:25.625
I imagine a future
01:15:26.042 --> 01:15:29.875
that is marvellous too,
one with many milestones as a woman,
01:15:30.042 --> 01:15:32.542
as a person on this planet,
01:15:32.667 --> 01:15:36.542
which needs us more than ever
given the situation today.
01:15:38.708 --> 01:15:42.083
I truly believe
in the march of history,
01:15:42.250 --> 01:15:46.042
meaning we take two steps forward,
one step back.
01:15:46.208 --> 01:15:48.542
And two steps forward again,
what I mean
01:15:48.708 --> 01:15:51.458
is that for me the march of history
is inevitable.
01:15:51.583 --> 01:15:52.792
No one can stop it.
01:15:52.958 --> 01:15:55.125
We can speed it up a bit
or slow it down,
01:15:55.292 --> 01:15:56.542
but not stop it.
01:15:56.667 --> 01:15:59.458
Morocco's future
and the future of the world
01:15:59.583 --> 01:16:02.375
will be equality between men and women
01:16:02.542 --> 01:16:03.708
to change the world.
01:16:03.875 --> 01:16:07.875
The world is in dire need, the world
is in a bad way due to the absence
01:16:08.042 --> 01:16:09.125
of women's views
01:16:09.292 --> 01:16:11.792
on how to do things,
the awareness and richness
01:16:11.958 --> 01:16:13.583
that women bring to it.
01:16:27.208 --> 01:16:29.208
My mother died a few days ago.
01:16:30.375 --> 01:16:33.292
I tried to interview her
for this documentary.
01:16:33.875 --> 01:16:35.500
I wanted her to talk about her life,
01:16:35.625 --> 01:16:38.375
what it was like
living under a dictatorship,
01:16:38.542 --> 01:16:40.625
putting up with a controlling husband,
01:16:40.708 --> 01:16:43.375
and rearing five daughters
and two sons.
01:16:43.542 --> 01:16:44.542
She said no.
01:16:44.667 --> 01:16:47.917
She told me
she didn't want to talk about that.
01:16:48.458 --> 01:16:50.375
She said that her soul was wounded
01:16:50.917 --> 01:16:52.958
and she was afraid of hurting us,
01:16:53.417 --> 01:16:55.958
that her words would harm us.
01:16:58.583 --> 01:17:00.542
I dedicate this documentary to her
01:17:00.667 --> 01:17:03.750
and to all the women
who the patriarchy,
01:17:03.917 --> 01:17:05.625
as Kate Millett said,
01:17:06.000 --> 01:17:09.333
wounded their soul
and destroyed their essence.
01:17:17.292 --> 01:17:20.542
"As long as we do not break
the patriarchal foundation,
01:17:20.708 --> 01:17:24.500
basis of all inequalities, no change
seems possible." Rita Laura Segato
01:17:24.625 --> 01:17:29.333
4th WAVE
01:17:33.250 --> 01:17:35.375
BEING FREE = LOVING OURSELVES
01:17:40.833 --> 01:17:42.042
PATRIARCHY MAKES ME PUKE
01:17:42.208 --> 01:17:45.250
NOT BORN A WOMAN
SO I COULD DIE FOR BEING ONE
01:17:49.417 --> 01:17:52.083
I'LL SHOUT OUT LOUD EVERYTHING
YOU COULDN'T
01:18:08.917 --> 01:18:11.833
I do believe you! I do believe you!
01:18:15.542 --> 01:18:17.542
EQUALITY
01:18:20.125 --> 01:18:22.458
GIRLS CAN'T DO WHAT...?
01:18:25.625 --> 01:18:28.417
WITH OR WITHOUT CLOTHES,
DON'T TOUCH MY BODY
01:18:28.542 --> 01:18:30.792
WOMEN
Distributor: Pragda Films
Length: 81 minutes
Date: 2020
Genre: Expository
Language: Spanish; French
Grade: Middle School, High School, College, Adult
Color/BW:
Closed Captioning: Available
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