Capitalism is much more complex than the vision Adam Smith laid out. Indeed,…
State of Terrorism - Part 2
- Description
- Reviews
- Citation
- Cataloging
- Transcript
If you are not affiliated with a college or university, and are interested in watching this film, please register as an individual and login to rent this film. Already registered? Login to rent this film. This film is also available on our home streaming platform, OVID.tv.
Before September 11, 2001, only some 400 people had pledged allegiance to Al-Qaeda. But now there are tens of thousands of jihadist militants on several continents. Terrorist attacks have multiplied around the world, straining relations between the West, its minority populations and Muslim nations. By violating the democratic values it claimed to be defending, the “War on Terror” launched by George W. Bush’s administration in the wake of 9/11 had the effect of a hammer smashing a vial of mercury. It scattered what had been a limited threat, turning it into a permanent global conflict – one that has provided fertile ground for recruiting jihadists and swelling the ranks of increasingly powerful xenophobic groups in the United States and Europe.
This is the somber picture painted by director Ilan Ziv (Capitalism) through conversations with political leaders, security experts, and generals from the United States, the UK, France, and Israel who witnessed these events on the inside, at the highest levels. Some, like neo-conservative Richard Perle, continue to believe their actions were justified, while others, like the late Colin Powell’s former right-hand man, Lawrence Wilkerson, are haunted by their guilt. But regardless of how they view their roles, those interviewed for the series help us understand the war that ravaged the Middle East, causing hundreds of thousands of deaths, and how that has led to an impasse with no end in sight.
From the deliberate lies triggering the invasion of Iraq to the United States’ “black” torture sites, Ilan Ziv weighs the facts against what we know today, showing how concepts created by a discredited administration continue to deeply affect the world today.
Part 2 examines how America’s decision to disregard the Geneva Conventions doomed its counter-offensive to failure even before the invasion of Iraq — by fueling the insurrections to come and spreading further violence.
“If you only see one documentary about the endless war that began with the 9/11 attacks, it's this one by Ilan Ziv.” —Le Monde
“Highly recommended! Intense; a much-needed update on the topic of terrorism for public and academic library collections.” —Suzanne Mangrum, Educational Media Reviews Online (EMRO)
Citation
Main credits
Ziv, Ilan (film director)
Ziv, Ilan (film producer)
Ziv, Ilan (screenwriter)
Nusse, Céline (film producer)
Rozenberg, Paul (film producer)
Cadieux, Paul (film producer)
LeGuerrier, David (editor of moving image work)
Bohbot, Joseph (narrator)
Bohbot, Joseph (editor of moving image work)
Other credits
Editing, David LeGuerrier, Joseph Bohbot.
Distributor subjects
Globalization; History (U.S.); Comparative Government; Human Rights; Political Science; Politics; Middle EastKeywords
; "State of Terrorism"; Icarus Films; Osama Bin Laden; terrorism; Middle East; political science; foreign policy; geopolitics; war; human rights; September 11; George W. Bush; documentary; war on terror; Dick Cheney; terror; human rights; ; "State of Terrorism"; Icarus Films; "State of Terrorism - Part 2"; Icarus Films
WEBVTT
1
00:00:05.088 --> 00:00:07.247
[helicopter roaring]
2
00:00:07.247 --> 00:00:11.050
[gunshots]
[bombs exploding]
3
00:00:11.050 --> 00:00:12.930
4
00:00:12.930 --> 00:00:15.730
the United States launched a global military campaign
5
00:00:15.730 --> 00:00:19.463
against Jihadism, having defined it as terrorism.
6
00:00:22.970 --> 00:00:26.240
Using the successful reconstruction of Germany and Japan
7
00:00:26.240 --> 00:00:28.580
after the Second World War as examples,
8
00:00:28.580 --> 00:00:32.290
America sought to change the nature of the Afghan regime.
9
00:00:32.290 --> 00:00:34.020
This would be the first battle
10
00:00:34.020 --> 00:00:36.113
in a self-declared war on terror.
11
00:00:37.238 --> 00:00:40.321
[jet engine roaring]
12
00:00:41.781 --> 00:00:44.949
[bombs explodes]
13
00:00:44.949 --> 00:00:48.160
Suddenly, ambiguities in the definition of terrorism,
14
00:00:48.160 --> 00:00:49.680
lead to real consequences.
15
00:00:49.680 --> 00:00:51.410
16
00:00:51.410 --> 00:00:53.000
17
00:00:53.000 --> 00:00:54.450
Is it permissible to torture them
18
00:00:54.450 --> 00:00:56.660
in order to gain information?
19
00:00:56.660 --> 00:00:58.860
Can we kill them in their homes or communities,
20
00:00:58.860 --> 00:01:02.313
as part of what are now called, targeted assassinations?
21
00:01:05.541 --> 00:01:07.310
[bomb explodes]
22
00:01:07.310 --> 00:01:11.040
These questions go beyond judicial or moral debate,
23
00:01:11.040 --> 00:01:13.873
they have changed the very nature of the war itself.
24
00:01:15.478 --> 00:01:17.895
[soft music]
25
00:01:29.010 --> 00:01:32.180
The outcome of this war on terror would depend not only
26
00:01:32.180 --> 00:01:34.260
on fighting forces on the ground,
27
00:01:34.260 --> 00:01:37.763
but on a specific legal definition formulated in Washington.
28
00:01:39.100 --> 00:01:41.450
29
00:01:41.450 --> 00:01:44.070
of the role of administration lawyers and the development
30
00:01:44.070 --> 00:01:46.610
and implementation of interrogation rules
31
00:01:46.610 --> 00:01:48.670
which have drawn criticism in here in United States
32
00:01:48.670 --> 00:01:50.251
and around the world.
33
00:01:50.251 --> 00:01:52.313
We recognize Professor Yoo.
34
00:01:54.020 --> 00:01:56.170
35
00:01:56.170 --> 00:01:58.710 line:15%
in examining these questions,
36
00:01:58.710 --> 00:02:02.060 line:15%
did the best we could under the circumstances.
37
00:02:02.060 --> 00:02:04.260
38
00:02:04.260 --> 00:02:06.240
of the American policy on the treatment
39
00:02:06.240 --> 00:02:07.690
of captured enemy combatants.
40
00:02:08.990 --> 00:02:12.210
41
00:02:12.210 --> 00:02:16.940
were very reluctant to ask, well, really do the rules
42
00:02:16.940 --> 00:02:20.690
that we have developed for the kinds of wars we know,
43
00:02:20.690 --> 00:02:22.260
wars between nation states,
44
00:02:22.260 --> 00:02:24.370
covered by the Geneva Conventions,
45
00:02:24.370 --> 00:02:28.079
do they really apply here or not?
46
00:02:28.079 --> 00:02:31.162
[helicopter roaring]
47
00:02:37.450 --> 00:02:40.330
48
00:02:40.330 --> 00:02:43.313
to violence as a way to settle disagreements.
49
00:02:45.050 --> 00:02:48.050
Yet through the ages, people from around the world
50
00:02:48.050 --> 00:02:51.346
have tried to limit the brutality of war.
51
00:02:51.346 --> 00:02:54.263
[fighters yelling]
52
00:02:55.550 --> 00:02:58.470
It was this humanitarian spirit that led
53
00:02:58.470 --> 00:03:02.040
to the first Geneva Convention of 1864
54
00:03:02.040 --> 00:03:05.683
and to the birth of international humanitarian law.
55
00:03:10.090 --> 00:03:12.230
56
00:03:12.230 --> 00:03:14.820
amidst the ruins of the Second World War,
57
00:03:14.820 --> 00:03:17.083
in order to prevent future atrocities.
58
00:03:17.940 --> 00:03:20.250
But John Yoo and the Bush legal team argued
59
00:03:20.250 --> 00:03:23.570
that these laws applied only to conflicts between states,
60
00:03:23.570 --> 00:03:25.193
and not to captured jihadis.
61
00:03:26.211 --> 00:03:27.500
[plane engine roaring]
62
00:03:27.500 --> 00:03:28.600
63
00:03:28.600 --> 00:03:30.620
to a lot of other people that legally,
64
00:03:30.620 --> 00:03:32.850
the Geneva Conventions didn\'t apply.
65
00:03:32.850 --> 00:03:34.540
That does not tell you if they don\'t apply,
66
00:03:34.540 --> 00:03:35.770
that doesn\'t not tell you one way or another
67
00:03:35.770 --> 00:03:39.440
whether you should apply the rules of the Geneva Convention
68
00:03:39.440 --> 00:03:40.900
as a matter of policy.
69
00:03:40.900 --> 00:03:45.730
70
00:03:45.730 --> 00:03:49.730
could not order to be done to a suspect if he believed
71
00:03:49.730 --> 00:03:52.720
it necessary for national defense?
72
00:03:52.720 --> 00:03:55.636
73
00:03:55.636 --> 00:03:57.110
74
00:03:57.110 --> 00:03:59.203
just answer the question, council.
75
00:04:01.080 --> 00:04:03.070
76
00:04:03.070 --> 00:04:05.140
77
00:04:05.140 --> 00:04:06.973
Just answer the question.
78
00:04:08.188 --> 00:04:11.188
[prison door slams]
79
00:04:12.370 --> 00:04:14.710
80
00:04:14.710 --> 00:04:18.613
and other ill treatment of detainees whatever their past.
81
00:04:20.640 --> 00:04:23.630
They must be given food and water
82
00:04:23.630 --> 00:04:25.780
and allowed to communicate with loved ones.
83
00:04:28.100 --> 00:04:31.938
This preserves their dignity and keeps them alive.
84
00:04:31.938 --> 00:04:33.615
[seagull squawks]
85
00:04:33.615 --> 00:04:36.365
[dramatic music]
86
00:04:38.080 --> 00:04:41.170
87
00:04:41.170 --> 00:04:44.513
wrote his second secret memo as a Commander In Chief.
88
00:04:45.956 --> 00:04:48.706
[dramatic music]
89
00:04:51.360 --> 00:04:53.990
In agreement with John Yoo and others,
90
00:04:53.990 --> 00:04:55.910
Bush stated that, \"None of the provisions
91
00:04:55.910 --> 00:04:58.430
of the Geneva Convention apply to our conflict
92
00:04:58.430 --> 00:05:02.297
with Al Qaeda in Afghanistan or anywhere around the world.\"
93
00:05:03.169 --> 00:05:06.002
[people shouting]
94
00:05:09.015 --> 00:05:12.852
It was a decision that transformed the War on Terror.
95
00:05:12.852 --> 00:05:13.879
[soldiers shouting]
96
00:05:13.879 --> 00:05:16.110
97
00:05:16.110 --> 00:05:19.363
shocked I think, both Colin Powell and me.
98
00:05:24.110 --> 00:05:27.080
We were having this debate and the debate was being entered
99
00:05:27.080 --> 00:05:30.630
by all concerned parties and the President seemed
100
00:05:30.630 --> 00:05:33.930
to be listening and then all of a sudden, here\'s this memo.
101
00:05:33.930 --> 00:05:36.360
And we find out the decision\'s been made,
102
00:05:36.360 --> 00:05:38.513
and the decision is not what we wanted.
103
00:05:39.496 --> 00:05:41.670
[helicopter whirring]
104
00:05:41.670 --> 00:05:43.470
105
00:05:43.470 --> 00:05:46.750
in the Bush Administration that somehow by labeling
106
00:05:46.750 --> 00:05:49.250
these people enemy combatants, they would be sent to,
107
00:05:49.250 --> 00:05:53.160
it turn out Guantanamo and that military courts
108
00:05:53.160 --> 00:05:55.193
would be much stricter and tougher.
109
00:05:58.270 --> 00:06:00.763
This was a misunderstanding of military law.
110
00:06:01.770 --> 00:06:04.590
We understood it having both been in the military
111
00:06:04.590 --> 00:06:07.610
and yet, it happened.
112
00:06:07.610 --> 00:06:12.610
113
00:06:14.120 --> 00:06:16.360
for almost 60 years.
114
00:06:16.360 --> 00:06:20.220
And we knew it had the potential to produce
115
00:06:20.220 --> 00:06:21.763
some tragic consequences.
116
00:06:25.170 --> 00:06:26.609
[helicopter whirring]
117
00:06:26.609 --> 00:06:30.942 line:15%
[Pierre speaks in foreign language]
118
00:07:33.496 --> 00:07:36.079
[men shouting]
119
00:07:39.870 --> 00:07:41.978
[soft music]
120
00:07:41.978 --> 00:07:43.116
121
00:07:43.116 --> 00:07:44.828
and unloading of passengers--
122
00:07:44.828 --> 00:07:46.796 line:15%
123
00:07:46.796 --> 00:07:47.629 line:15%
124
00:07:47.629 --> 00:07:49.356 line:15%
125
00:07:49.356 --> 00:07:50.405 line:15%
126
00:07:50.405 --> 00:07:51.822
Is she all right?
127
00:07:53.125 --> 00:07:55.550
128
00:07:55.550 --> 00:07:57.830
had hosted secret interrogation prisons
129
00:07:57.830 --> 00:08:00.500
for the CIA in the early 2000s.
130
00:08:00.500 --> 00:08:03.000
Such locations are commonly called, \"Black sites\"
131
00:08:03.000 --> 00:08:05.190
and are best known as terrorist holding cells
132
00:08:05.190 --> 00:08:08.700
located in countries without strict anti-torture laws.
133
00:08:08.700 --> 00:08:11.380 line:15%
134
00:08:11.380 --> 00:08:12.263 line:15%
this is crazy!
135
00:08:13.601 --> 00:08:17.934 line:15%
[Pierre speaks in foreign language]
136
00:08:35.856 --> 00:08:39.023
[helicopter whirring]
137
00:08:43.028 --> 00:08:46.778 line:15%
[speaks in foreign language]
138
00:09:30.150 --> 00:09:33.380
139
00:09:33.380 --> 00:09:35.580
was captured in Pakistan.
140
00:09:35.580 --> 00:09:38.950
His, would be the first test case in which the US decided
141
00:09:38.950 --> 00:09:42.520
to no longer conform to the Geneva Convention.
142
00:09:42.520 --> 00:09:45.270
America created its own interpretation
143
00:09:45.270 --> 00:09:47.734
of what constitutes torture.
144
00:09:47.734 --> 00:09:50.317
[upbeat music]
145
00:09:53.107 --> 00:09:55.010
[jet engine roaring]
146
00:09:55.010 --> 00:09:57.810
147
00:09:57.810 --> 00:10:01.150
to a clandestine prison or so-called black site.
148
00:10:01.150 --> 00:10:03.500
We believe it was in Thailand.
149
00:10:03.500 --> 00:10:06.640
Abu Zubaydah has been shot several times during his capture
150
00:10:06.640 --> 00:10:07.933
and was now near death.
151
00:10:09.620 --> 00:10:11.690
152
00:10:11.690 --> 00:10:13.970
to interrogate Abu Zubaydah.
153
00:10:13.970 --> 00:10:16.150
He didn\'t have much time,
154
00:10:16.150 --> 00:10:19.550
his interrogation began in the intensive care unit,
155
00:10:19.550 --> 00:10:23.080
with the FBI agent doubling down as a nurse.
156
00:10:23.080 --> 00:10:25.530
[monitors beeping]
157
00:10:25.530 --> 00:10:27.060
158
00:10:27.060 --> 00:10:29.173
We helped him with his injury.
159
00:10:33.360 --> 00:10:36.930
We were there putting ice on his lips,
160
00:10:36.930 --> 00:10:41.930
so when he\'s dehydrated, we took him to the surgery rooms,
161
00:10:44.690 --> 00:10:47.130
brought him back, helped him with his medication.
162
00:10:47.130 --> 00:10:50.840
So in the process, in a few days or so,
163
00:10:50.840 --> 00:10:53.123
you develop a rapport by doing that.
164
00:10:54.524 --> 00:10:59.524 line:15%
[soft music]
[water trickling]
165
00:11:00.760 --> 00:11:01.800 line:15%
166
00:11:01.800 --> 00:11:06.800
being made by Agent Soufan, the CIA remained unsatisfied.
167
00:11:06.950 --> 00:11:09.610
They replaced Soufan with private contractors
168
00:11:09.610 --> 00:11:12.720
who supposedly specialized in what they called
169
00:11:12.720 --> 00:11:16.246
enhanced interrogation techniques.
170
00:11:16.246 --> 00:11:17.580
[water trickling]
171
00:11:17.580 --> 00:11:21.660
172
00:11:21.660 --> 00:11:26.660
these proposed, so-called enhanced interrogation measures.
173
00:11:26.720 --> 00:11:28.357
There was a good part of me that wanted to say,
174
00:11:28.357 --> 00:11:30.789
\"Forget it, forget it.\"
175
00:11:30.789 --> 00:11:33.206
[soft music]
176
00:11:36.000 --> 00:11:38.000
I didn\'t have any warning.
177
00:11:38.000 --> 00:11:39.837
They simply came into my office and said,
178
00:11:39.837 --> 00:11:43.453
\"We have some tactics we think are necessary.
179
00:11:44.430 --> 00:11:48.230
We have our first major senior al-Qaeda terrorist
180
00:11:48.230 --> 00:11:50.000
in custody, Abu Zubaydah.
181
00:11:50.000 --> 00:11:51.730
We are convinced he is holding back,
182
00:11:51.730 --> 00:11:53.810
we are convinced that he is an important cog
183
00:11:53.810 --> 00:11:56.720
in Al Qaeda, and he knows.\"
184
00:11:56.720 --> 00:11:58.430
185
00:11:58.430 --> 00:12:00.463
some disturbing images.
186
00:12:01.300 --> 00:12:02.820
187
00:12:02.820 --> 00:12:06.410
have never been demonstrated accurately in public before.
188
00:12:06.410 --> 00:12:09.410
Chris Samson, part of Malcolm Nelson\'s team agreed
189
00:12:09.410 --> 00:12:11.250
to put himself through it.
190
00:12:11.250 --> 00:12:12.830 line:15%
191
00:12:12.830 --> 00:12:13.663 line:15%
192
00:12:13.663 --> 00:12:14.496 line:15%
193
00:12:14.496 --> 00:12:15.329 line:15%
194
00:12:15.329 --> 00:12:16.162 line:15%
195
00:12:16.162 --> 00:12:16.995 line:15%
196
00:12:16.995 --> 00:12:17.828 line:15%
197
00:12:17.828 --> 00:12:19.116 line:15%
All stop, all stop, all stop!
198
00:12:19.116 --> 00:12:19.949 line:15%
Strap out.
199
00:12:19.949 --> 00:12:22.070
200
00:12:22.070 --> 00:12:23.420 line:15%
But in listening
201
00:12:24.410 --> 00:12:26.700
to some of these techniques being described,
202
00:12:26.700 --> 00:12:29.540
it seemed, no matter what the legal lines are,
203
00:12:29.540 --> 00:12:32.690
this is gonna get this agency someday, somehow
204
00:12:32.690 --> 00:12:34.984
into serious, serious trouble.
205
00:12:34.984 --> 00:12:35.817
[upbeat music]
206
00:12:35.817 --> 00:12:37.830 line:15%
207
00:12:37.830 --> 00:12:40.040 line:15%
of the \"Kelly File\" everyone, I\'m Megyn Kelly.
208
00:12:40.040 --> 00:12:42.740
Doctor James Mitchell was approached by the CIA
209
00:12:42.740 --> 00:12:46.110
in the months after 9/11, asked to help develop a program
210
00:12:46.110 --> 00:12:48.900
to get more information from terror suspects.
211
00:12:48.900 --> 00:12:52.518
Were you the one actually conducting technics
212
00:12:52.518 --> 00:12:54.180
on Abu Zubaydah?
213
00:12:54.180 --> 00:12:55.653
214
00:12:55.653 --> 00:12:57.747
Initially, I was in the background role
215
00:12:57.747 --> 00:12:59.840
and then after he shut down
216
00:12:59.840 --> 00:13:04.363
and the enhanced interrogation were approved,
217
00:13:05.220 --> 00:13:07.720
I was in an administration role.
218
00:13:07.720 --> 00:13:11.050
219
00:13:11.050 --> 00:13:12.500
220
00:13:12.500 --> 00:13:14.706
221
00:13:14.706 --> 00:13:15.628
222
00:13:15.628 --> 00:13:16.680
223
00:13:16.680 --> 00:13:20.365
224
00:13:20.365 --> 00:13:22.527
that it\'s just gonna get us into huge trouble.\"
225
00:13:24.550 --> 00:13:28.730
I had a habit of walking around
226
00:13:28.730 --> 00:13:33.730
the CIA headquarters building, take a break, smoke a cigar.
227
00:13:36.100 --> 00:13:38.663
Thinking about, trying to absorb what I just heard.
228
00:13:39.770 --> 00:13:44.410
And thinking, I should go back in there
229
00:13:44.410 --> 00:13:45.667
and just tell everyone,
230
00:13:45.667 --> 00:13:48.447
\"Forget it, don\'t even think about this.\"
231
00:13:49.910 --> 00:13:52.416
And that would have been that.
232
00:13:52.416 --> 00:13:54.907
[phone ringing]
233
00:13:54.907 --> 00:13:58.040
But then I played out the scenarios.
234
00:13:58.040 --> 00:14:02.150
Okay, so I go in there and I do that and the program is over
235
00:14:02.150 --> 00:14:03.930
before it even starts.
236
00:14:03.930 --> 00:14:06.640
What happens if next week or next month,
237
00:14:06.640 --> 00:14:08.883
there\'s another huge attack on our homeland?
238
00:14:10.605 --> 00:14:11.960
[sirens wailing]
239
00:14:11.960 --> 00:14:16.960
That was an outcome that I could not count on it.
240
00:14:19.563 --> 00:14:22.120
241
00:14:22.120 --> 00:14:26.243
it with George Tenant and John Rizzo.
242
00:14:27.467 --> 00:14:29.860
243
00:14:29.860 --> 00:14:33.267
244
00:14:33.267 --> 00:14:36.104
\"Make sure this is legal before we go forward.\"
245
00:14:36.104 --> 00:14:37.710
246
00:14:37.710 --> 00:14:40.590
Torture is a war crime!
247
00:14:40.590 --> 00:14:42.220
248
00:14:42.220 --> 00:14:44.100
249
00:14:44.100 --> 00:14:45.990
an effigy of John Yoo.
250
00:14:45.990 --> 00:14:47.460
They are protesting his addition
251
00:14:47.460 --> 00:14:50.240
to the university\'s legal faculty.
252
00:14:50.240 --> 00:14:53.510
In 2002, Yoo was the highest legal authority
253
00:14:53.510 --> 00:14:55.630
in the Bush Administration.
254
00:14:55.630 --> 00:14:58.771
It was to him that John Rizzo came for advice.
255
00:14:58.771 --> 00:15:01.290
256
00:15:01.290 --> 00:15:03.340
257
00:15:03.340 --> 00:15:06.440
is what came to be known as the \"Torture Memos.\"
258
00:15:06.440 --> 00:15:08.640
259
00:15:10.310 --> 00:15:14.200
260
00:15:14.200 --> 00:15:15.033
is that right?
261
00:15:16.720 --> 00:15:18.290
262
00:15:18.290 --> 00:15:21.910
263
00:15:21.910 --> 00:15:22.940
is that right?
264
00:15:22.940 --> 00:15:25.640
The memo was implemented at some point, is that right?
265
00:15:26.980 --> 00:15:29.650
266
00:15:29.650 --> 00:15:34.053
267
00:15:34.960 --> 00:15:37.387
of course these things are torture.\"
268
00:15:37.387 --> 00:15:39.800
[helicopter whirring]
269
00:15:39.800 --> 00:15:42.580
I attended a couple of national security principals\' meeting
270
00:15:42.580 --> 00:15:47.454
and it was fascinating for me to observe the reactions
271
00:15:47.454 --> 00:15:51.663
of the principals to being told about this.
272
00:15:53.270 --> 00:15:55.470
273
00:15:55.470 --> 00:15:57.870
I\'m glad I didn\'t know, I hope I\'d have had the courage
274
00:15:57.870 --> 00:16:01.193
to resign if I had found out, if I had known about it.
275
00:16:01.193 --> 00:16:02.240
[phone ringing]
276
00:16:02.240 --> 00:16:04.430
277
00:16:04.430 --> 00:16:06.550
attended the principals meeting
278
00:16:06.550 --> 00:16:09.960
when enhanced interrogations were discussed.
279
00:16:09.960 --> 00:16:12.680
280
00:16:14.300 --> 00:16:17.710
to the principals, which Secretary Powell chose not to,
281
00:16:17.710 --> 00:16:19.690
I think it\'s the only thing he didn\'t share with me
282
00:16:19.690 --> 00:16:21.313
in over four years.
283
00:16:22.590 --> 00:16:27.590
But I question how rigorous the presentation was.
284
00:16:27.800 --> 00:16:30.360
For instance, I doubt that it got down
285
00:16:30.360 --> 00:16:32.250
to the level of water boarding.
286
00:16:32.250 --> 00:16:36.450
287
00:16:36.450 --> 00:16:41.450
no dissension about water boarding, never expected that.
288
00:16:41.490 --> 00:16:42.830
I mean, I thought, in my mind,
289
00:16:42.830 --> 00:16:45.630
that would be the most controversial technique.
290
00:16:45.630 --> 00:16:48.023
The Secretary of State, Colin Powell,
291
00:16:49.500 --> 00:16:54.000
seemed to think that sleep deprivation was the most,
292
00:16:54.000 --> 00:16:56.483
would be the most brutal of all the techniques.
293
00:16:57.650 --> 00:16:59.703
Condoleezza Rice, for her part,
294
00:17:00.560 --> 00:17:02.717
she kept coming back to the notions,
295
00:17:02.717 --> 00:17:04.540
\"Why do you have to have interrogations
296
00:17:04.540 --> 00:17:05.967
with the prisoner naked?\"
297
00:17:08.415 --> 00:17:12.463
But again, nothing, no pushback about water boarding.
298
00:17:16.444 --> 00:17:20.194 line:15%
[speaks in foreign language]
299
00:17:21.140 --> 00:17:24.440
300
00:17:24.440 --> 00:17:26.560
when it comes to the way governments treat those
301
00:17:26.560 --> 00:17:28.340
they label as terrorists.
302
00:17:28.340 --> 00:17:31.740
It was the response chosen by the French against the FLN,
303
00:17:31.740 --> 00:17:34.073
who were fighting for Algerian independence.
304
00:17:36.480 --> 00:17:39.230
[dramatic music]
305
00:17:43.105 --> 00:17:46.855 line:15%
[speaks in foreign language]
306
00:17:49.330 --> 00:17:52.280
307
00:17:52.280 --> 00:17:53.960
a composite fictitious character
308
00:17:53.960 --> 00:17:56.350
based on real paratrooper commanders,
309
00:17:56.350 --> 00:17:58.503
to penetrate the growing insurgency.
310
00:17:59.730 --> 00:18:02.290
311
00:18:02.290 --> 00:18:04.310
the French were facing in Algiers?
312
00:18:04.310 --> 00:18:07.230
No real knowledge of the threat they were facing.
313
00:18:07.230 --> 00:18:11.390
314
00:18:11.390 --> 00:18:15.950
in the entire United States inventory who had interrogated
315
00:18:15.950 --> 00:18:19.213
and knew how to interrogate terrorists.
316
00:18:20.047 --> 00:18:23.390 line:15%
[speaks in foreign language]
317
00:18:23.390 --> 00:18:25.610
318
00:18:25.610 --> 00:18:30.003
They were all in the FBI, none in the CIA.
319
00:18:31.807 --> 00:18:33.400
[man coughing]
320
00:18:33.400 --> 00:18:35.350
321
00:18:35.350 --> 00:18:39.810
by the French in 1957, nor by CIA contractors.
322
00:18:39.810 --> 00:18:43.390
The practice had existed for many years and has been used
323
00:18:43.390 --> 00:18:46.900
over the centuries against everyone from religious heretics,
324
00:18:46.900 --> 00:18:50.823
to rebels in the Philippines, and the Viet Cong in Vietnam.
325
00:18:51.665 --> 00:18:52.498
[helicopter whirring]
326
00:18:52.498 --> 00:18:53.331
327
00:18:53.331 --> 00:18:56.690
Yes, torture works, torture works if you want people
328
00:18:56.690 --> 00:18:59.390
to tell you what you wanna hear,
329
00:18:59.390 --> 00:19:00.733
not necessarily the truth.
330
00:19:01.780 --> 00:19:06.780
So, if you want, for example, Abu Zubaydah to wrongly admit
331
00:19:09.460 --> 00:19:11.813
he was the number three persons in Al Qaeda,
332
00:19:14.030 --> 00:19:15.943
then torture is the method for you.
333
00:19:19.530 --> 00:19:21.053
If you want the truth,
334
00:19:22.430 --> 00:19:24.480
then torture is the wrong method for you.
335
00:19:25.788 --> 00:19:28.371
[somber music]
336
00:19:31.160 --> 00:19:33.040 line:15%
337
00:19:33.040 --> 00:19:36.170 line:15%
the use of torture, the question of its efficiency
338
00:19:36.170 --> 00:19:37.940 line:15%
is rarely discussed.
339
00:19:37.940 --> 00:19:39.980
In fact, the practices only served
340
00:19:39.980 --> 00:19:41.283
to worsen the conflict.
341
00:19:42.117 --> 00:19:44.534
[soft music]
342
00:19:46.070 --> 00:19:47.670
During the Battle of Algiers,
343
00:19:47.670 --> 00:19:50.020
information gained through the use of torture
344
00:19:50.020 --> 00:19:51.900
lead French paratroopers to the hide out
345
00:19:51.900 --> 00:19:55.123
of the last remaining FLN leader in the capital.
346
00:19:56.098 --> 00:19:58.460
[somber music]
347
00:19:58.460 --> 00:20:02.726
They blew up the building, along with everyone inside.
348
00:20:02.726 --> 00:20:05.393
[bomb explodes]
349
00:20:07.586 --> 00:20:12.070 line:15%
[speaks in foreign language]
350
00:20:12.070 --> 00:20:14.340
351
00:20:14.340 --> 00:20:15.803
were an efficient solution.
352
00:20:16.837 --> 00:20:20.080
[protesters shouting]
353
00:20:20.080 --> 00:20:21.670
However, two years later,
354
00:20:21.670 --> 00:20:24.570
massive demonstrations erupted in Algiers.
355
00:20:24.570 --> 00:20:27.260
The French occupiers lost control of the city,
356
00:20:27.260 --> 00:20:29.829
and eventually, the country.
357
00:20:29.829 --> 00:20:33.000
[protesters shouting]
358
00:20:33.000 --> 00:20:34.610
Torture may have contributed
359
00:20:34.610 --> 00:20:37.690
to the decapitation of the FLN in Algiers,
360
00:20:37.690 --> 00:20:40.260
but it ultimately helped to inflame an uprising
361
00:20:40.260 --> 00:20:42.373
that mobilized the entire country.
362
00:20:43.910 --> 00:20:45.033 line:15%
363
00:20:46.138 --> 00:20:48.270 line:15%
[somber music]
364
00:20:48.270 --> 00:20:50.170 line:15%
365
00:20:50.170 --> 00:20:52.763
by the United States in their war on terror.
366
00:20:57.040 --> 00:21:00.000
The use of enhanced interrogation technics
367
00:21:00.000 --> 00:21:03.070
first employed in a secret CIA program,
368
00:21:03.070 --> 00:21:06.088
quickly spread to the heart of the American Army.
369
00:21:06.088 --> 00:21:08.553
370
00:21:09.500 --> 00:21:11.280
This is your final destination.
371
00:21:11.280 --> 00:21:12.880
372
00:21:12.880 --> 00:21:16.140
373
00:21:16.140 --> 00:21:19.120
and signed by Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld,
374
00:21:19.120 --> 00:21:20.750
authorized the use of a collection
375
00:21:20.750 --> 00:21:22.900
of advanced interrogation techniques
376
00:21:22.900 --> 00:21:24.483
to be used at Guantanamo.
377
00:21:26.370 --> 00:21:27.823
378
00:21:27.823 --> 00:21:30.723
that this was anything but an innocent mistake.
379
00:21:35.420 --> 00:21:40.420
Meaning, it never crossed my mind that anybody involved
380
00:21:40.640 --> 00:21:43.120
in the preparation of those documents,
381
00:21:43.120 --> 00:21:46.610
including Secretary Rumsfeld would knowingly
382
00:21:46.610 --> 00:21:49.483
and purposefully have authorize the use of torture.
383
00:21:50.628 --> 00:21:52.550
384
00:21:52.550 --> 00:21:57.050
of abusive techniques against detainees,
385
00:21:57.050 --> 00:21:59.160
he unleashed a virus which ultimately
386
00:21:59.160 --> 00:22:01.280
infected interrogation operations
387
00:22:01.280 --> 00:22:06.150
conducted by the US military in Afghanistan and Iraq.
388
00:22:06.150 --> 00:22:08.880
389
00:22:08.880 --> 00:22:11.240
so-called harsh interrogation techniques
390
00:22:11.240 --> 00:22:13.610
during the War on Terror was a mistake
391
00:22:13.610 --> 00:22:15.780
of massive proportions.
392
00:22:15.780 --> 00:22:18.080
It damaged and continues to damage our nation.
393
00:22:19.037 --> 00:22:21.069
[dogs barking]
394
00:22:21.069 --> 00:22:22.669
395
00:22:22.669 --> 00:22:25.328
[prisoner grunts]
[dog barking]
396
00:22:25.328 --> 00:22:28.080
397
00:22:28.080 --> 00:22:30.130
when we were getting all these individuals,
398
00:22:30.130 --> 00:22:35.130
but at the time, I said early on, back in January of 2001.
399
00:22:35.580 --> 00:22:38.880
I said, \"This, we will win the war
400
00:22:38.880 --> 00:22:41.450
or we\'ll lose it here in Guantanamo.\"
401
00:22:41.450 --> 00:22:42.893
402
00:22:45.270 --> 00:22:47.480
403
00:22:47.480 --> 00:22:50.173
down at the tactical or operational level.
404
00:22:51.060 --> 00:22:53.700
The first and the second identifiable causes
405
00:22:53.700 --> 00:22:56.410
of US combat deaths in Iraq as judged
406
00:22:56.410 --> 00:22:58.560
by their effectiveness in recruiting insurgent fighters
407
00:22:58.560 --> 00:23:02.220
into combat are respectively the symbols
408
00:23:02.220 --> 00:23:03.823
of Abu Ghraib and Guantanamo.
409
00:23:04.841 --> 00:23:08.620 line:15%
[helicopter whirring]
[sirens wailing]
410
00:23:08.620 --> 00:23:11.300
411
00:23:11.300 --> 00:23:14.130
and their devastating impact on the US war effort
412
00:23:14.130 --> 00:23:16.400
begin here at the UN,
413
00:23:16.400 --> 00:23:19.290
where the US tried to make a link between Saddam Hussein
414
00:23:19.290 --> 00:23:22.030
and terrorism by producing proof
415
00:23:22.030 --> 00:23:24.550
of his alleged weapons of mass destruction,
416
00:23:24.550 --> 00:23:27.240
and his connections to Al Qaeda.
417
00:23:27.240 --> 00:23:29.530
418
00:23:29.530 --> 00:23:30.630
at the Security Council...
419
00:23:30.630 --> 00:23:32.120
420
00:23:32.120 --> 00:23:34.351
between Iraq and Al-Qaeda.
421
00:23:34.351 --> 00:23:36.090
422
00:23:36.090 --> 00:23:37.500
423
00:23:37.500 --> 00:23:39.970
American Secretary of State Colin Powell
424
00:23:39.970 --> 00:23:42.360
addressed the Security Council,
425
00:23:42.360 --> 00:23:44.603
presenting America\'s case for war.
426
00:23:45.709 --> 00:23:47.349
[dramatic music]
427
00:23:47.349 --> 00:23:48.530
[phone ringing]
428
00:23:48.530 --> 00:23:52.120
429
00:23:52.120 --> 00:23:55.830
and he threw a sheaf of papers down on my desk.
430
00:23:55.830 --> 00:23:57.140
And I said, \"What\'s this, Boss?\"
431
00:23:57.140 --> 00:24:01.903
And he said, \"That\'s the case against Iraq WMD.
432
00:24:03.210 --> 00:24:07.570
You\'re to put all that together, take anybody else you need
433
00:24:07.570 --> 00:24:09.830
out to Langley, get with George
434
00:24:09.830 --> 00:24:12.257
and build my presentation at the U.N.\"
435
00:24:12.257 --> 00:24:17.207
\"When, Boss?\" \"Now.\" \"No, the presentation, when?\"
436
00:24:17.207 --> 00:24:18.907
\"5, February.\"
437
00:24:18.907 --> 00:24:23.027
\"Impossible. Can\'t do it, won\'t do it.\"
438
00:24:23.027 --> 00:24:25.797
\"Well, you\'ll have to find a way to do it.\"
439
00:24:25.797 --> 00:24:28.550
[dramatic music]
[phone ringing]
440
00:24:28.550 --> 00:24:32.610
I went out there and my team did not sleep for five days
441
00:24:32.610 --> 00:24:34.170
and five nights virtually.
442
00:24:34.170 --> 00:24:36.740
We lived on coffee and donuts
443
00:24:36.740 --> 00:24:38.970
and we built this presentation.
444
00:24:38.970 --> 00:24:41.860
445
00:24:41.860 --> 00:24:45.010
is backed up by sources, solid sources.
446
00:24:45.010 --> 00:24:46.780
These are not assertions.
447
00:24:46.780 --> 00:24:49.010
What we\'re giving you are facts and conclusions
448
00:24:49.010 --> 00:24:51.780
based on solid intelligence.
449
00:24:51.780 --> 00:24:54.480
I will cite some examples and these are from human sources.
450
00:24:54.480 --> 00:24:58.110
451
00:24:58.110 --> 00:25:00.380
that we had a real problem other than
452
00:25:00.380 --> 00:25:02.440
politicization of intelligence.
453
00:25:02.440 --> 00:25:05.243
We had a problem with lying, outright lying.
454
00:25:06.190 --> 00:25:07.330
455
00:25:07.330 --> 00:25:09.950
that all of the information given to Larry Wilkerson
456
00:25:09.950 --> 00:25:13.970
was made up of either unproven allegations or outright lies.
457
00:25:13.970 --> 00:25:16.220
But the alleged connection between Saddam Hussein
458
00:25:16.220 --> 00:25:19.450
and Al Qaeda would be even more damaging,
459
00:25:19.450 --> 00:25:23.380
ultimately propelling Al Qaeda into Iraq.
460
00:25:23.380 --> 00:25:25.390
461
00:25:25.390 --> 00:25:28.390
is the potentially much more sinister nexus
462
00:25:28.390 --> 00:25:32.120
between Iraq and the Al Qaeda terrorist networks.
463
00:25:32.120 --> 00:25:35.790
A nexus that combines classic terrorist organizations
464
00:25:35.790 --> 00:25:37.393
and modern methods of murder.
465
00:25:39.848 --> 00:25:42.515 line:15%
[eagle screams]
466
00:25:44.890 --> 00:25:46.500 line:15%
467
00:25:46.500 --> 00:25:48.890 line:15%
between Iran and Iraq,
468
00:25:48.890 --> 00:25:51.543 line:15%
that Colin Powell\'s alleged proof was found.
469
00:25:53.010 --> 00:25:56.010
The revelation would have repercussions well beyond
470
00:25:56.010 --> 00:25:58.853
his now famous address to the Security Council.
471
00:26:02.480 --> 00:26:04.980
472
00:26:04.980 --> 00:26:08.120
headed by Abu Musab al-Zarqawi,
473
00:26:08.120 --> 00:26:11.200
an associate and collaborator of Osama Bin Laden
474
00:26:11.200 --> 00:26:12.763
and his Al Qaeda lieutenants.
475
00:26:14.040 --> 00:26:16.100
476
00:26:16.100 --> 00:26:19.610
who was radicalized in prison, joined Al Qaeda,
477
00:26:19.610 --> 00:26:22.591
but was never fully accepted as an equal.
478
00:26:22.591 --> 00:26:25.350
[traditional song]
479
00:26:25.350 --> 00:26:27.700
When the Americans went into Afghanistan,
480
00:26:27.700 --> 00:26:31.140
Zarqawi fled to northern Iraq, an isolated region,
481
00:26:31.140 --> 00:26:32.713
out of Saddam Hussein\'s reach.
482
00:26:36.700 --> 00:26:40.230
483
00:26:40.230 --> 00:26:42.110
I mean, the number one
484
00:26:42.110 --> 00:26:45.920 line:15%
time-sensitive priority as of June \'02
485
00:26:45.920 --> 00:26:47.080 line:15%
when I left headquarters
486
00:26:47.080 --> 00:26:51.340
was go collect on this Islamic extremist enclave
487
00:26:51.340 --> 00:26:53.450
along the Iran-Iraq border.
488
00:26:53.450 --> 00:26:55.350
We literally had guys that were working for us
489
00:26:55.350 --> 00:26:57.120
that were inside the camp.
490
00:26:57.120 --> 00:27:00.520
They were working on chemical and biological weapons.
491
00:27:00.520 --> 00:27:03.533
They were doing lot of work with cyanide-based things.
492
00:27:04.880 --> 00:27:07.200
493
00:27:07.200 --> 00:27:09.940
but the White House rejected the idea.
494
00:27:09.940 --> 00:27:12.290
Zarqawi and his followers were considered
495
00:27:12.290 --> 00:27:14.820
militarily insignificant in the plans
496
00:27:14.820 --> 00:27:17.053
being drawn up for war in Iraq.
497
00:27:18.820 --> 00:27:23.270
498
00:27:23.270 --> 00:27:26.143
or working for Saddam or linked-up with Saddam.
499
00:27:27.340 --> 00:27:29.260
500
00:27:29.260 --> 00:27:32.270
that it would be impossible for him logically
501
00:27:32.270 --> 00:27:33.883
to be working with Saddam.
502
00:27:35.140 --> 00:27:38.020 line:15%
And the response to that was met with skepticism,
503
00:27:38.020 --> 00:27:40.723 line:15%
lots of questions and a lot more frustration.
504
00:27:41.750 --> 00:27:44.923
505
00:27:45.770 --> 00:27:47.420
Zarqawi and his network have plotted
506
00:27:47.420 --> 00:27:49.090
terrorist actions against--
507
00:27:49.090 --> 00:27:51.640
508
00:27:51.640 --> 00:27:55.310
to be, here he is, his name is spoken at the UN.
509
00:27:55.310 --> 00:27:57.210
Now, he\'s showing bin Laden and Al Qaeda
510
00:27:57.210 --> 00:27:59.300
who he really is, right?
511
00:27:59.300 --> 00:28:01.870
He\'s become this iconic person without ever
512
00:28:01.870 --> 00:28:03.838
really doing anything.
513
00:28:03.838 --> 00:28:04.671
[sirens wailing]
514
00:28:04.671 --> 00:28:06.490
515
00:28:06.490 --> 00:28:09.140
the United States had unwittingly elevated the image
516
00:28:09.140 --> 00:28:11.300
of bin Laden in the Muslim world
517
00:28:11.300 --> 00:28:14.350
and helped recruit new jihadists.
518
00:28:14.350 --> 00:28:18.203
Now, Colin Powell had done the same for Zarqawi.
519
00:28:20.070 --> 00:28:23.060
520
00:28:23.060 --> 00:28:25.960
American and Coalition Forces are in the early stages
521
00:28:25.960 --> 00:28:28.240
of military operations to disarm--
522
00:28:28.240 --> 00:28:29.750
523
00:28:29.750 --> 00:28:32.600
the United States went to war.
524
00:28:32.600 --> 00:28:35.433
[bombs exploding]
525
00:28:40.720 --> 00:28:41.870 line:15%
526
00:28:41.870 --> 00:28:45.800
made huge headlines and helped to sell the war to the world.
527
00:28:45.800 --> 00:28:48.100
How do you live with the knowledge that you were deceived?
528
00:28:48.100 --> 00:28:49.083
529
00:28:50.890 --> 00:28:55.890
I haven\'t slept a full night through in 10 plus years.
530
00:28:55.919 --> 00:28:57.100
531
00:28:57.100 --> 00:29:01.630
532
00:29:04.100 --> 00:29:05.093
on both sides.
533
00:29:06.610 --> 00:29:09.200
Reasonable estimate, reasonable estimate,
534
00:29:09.200 --> 00:29:11.003
we killed 300,000 Iraqis.
535
00:29:14.640 --> 00:29:16.210
For what?
536
00:29:16.210 --> 00:29:20.860
So, we can unleash Al Qaeda in the region, unleash Daesh,
537
00:29:20.860 --> 00:29:25.100
unleash a Syrian civil war, destroy a state called Iraq?
538
00:29:25.100 --> 00:29:27.190
For what did we do it?
539
00:29:27.190 --> 00:29:28.223
For oil?
540
00:29:29.833 --> 00:29:31.390 line:15%
[bombs exploding]
541
00:29:31.390 --> 00:29:33.578 line:15%
542
00:29:33.578 --> 00:29:34.457 line:15%
543
00:29:34.457 --> 00:29:36.170 line:15%
544
00:29:36.170 --> 00:29:37.327 line:15%
outside the compound.
545
00:29:37.327 --> 00:29:38.550 line:15%
546
00:29:38.550 --> 00:29:41.963 line:15%
at the Jordanian embassy, on August 7th, 2003.
547
00:29:42.860 --> 00:29:44.700 line:15%
17 people were killed,
548
00:29:44.700 --> 00:29:48.649
all of them Iraqi civilians, who had been in line for visas.
549
00:29:48.649 --> 00:29:51.329 line:15%
[bombs exploding]
550
00:29:51.329 --> 00:29:54.162 line:15%
[people shouting]
551
00:29:55.240 --> 00:29:57.330 line:15%
552
00:29:57.330 --> 00:29:59.980 line:15%
a truck bomb detonated in front of the UN headquarters
553
00:29:59.980 --> 00:30:04.233 line:15%
in Baghdad, destroying the building and killing 22 people.
554
00:30:05.271 --> 00:30:06.433
[people shouting]
555
00:30:06.433 --> 00:30:09.610
556
00:30:09.610 --> 00:30:10.710
557
00:30:10.710 --> 00:30:12.913
was the top UN envoy in the country.
558
00:30:13.812 --> 00:30:15.751
[people shouting]
559
00:30:15.751 --> 00:30:18.690 line:15%
[bombs exploding]
560
00:30:18.690 --> 00:30:20.290 line:15%
561
00:30:20.290 --> 00:30:21.603 line:15%
came a few days later.
562
00:30:22.513 --> 00:30:24.660 line:15%
[people yelling]
563
00:30:24.660 --> 00:30:27.010 line:15%
Two cars, wired with explosives,
564
00:30:27.010 --> 00:30:29.920 line:15%
detonated near the Imam Ali Mosque in Najaf.
565
00:30:29.920 --> 00:30:34.000
85 worshipers were killed, as well as a moderate member
566
00:30:34.000 --> 00:30:35.483
of the Shia high clergy.
567
00:30:36.950 --> 00:30:39.820
All of these acts were Zarqawi\'s work.
568
00:30:39.820 --> 00:30:43.892
The United States had made a terrible miscalculation.
569
00:30:43.892 --> 00:30:47.250
570
00:30:47.250 --> 00:30:49.060
571
00:30:49.060 --> 00:30:50.700
that Al Qaeda had assumed leadership
572
00:30:50.700 --> 00:30:52.823
of a growing insurgency.
573
00:30:52.823 --> 00:30:53.656
[helicopter whirring]
574
00:30:53.656 --> 00:30:55.290
America was in Iraq to remove
575
00:30:55.290 --> 00:30:57.313
the supposed threat of Saddam Hussein.
576
00:30:58.532 --> 00:31:00.290
[helicopter whirring]
577
00:31:00.290 --> 00:31:02.290
And Zarqawi had taken advantage
578
00:31:02.290 --> 00:31:04.223
of the void his ouster created.
579
00:31:05.444 --> 00:31:07.431
[soldier shouting]
580
00:31:07.431 --> 00:31:09.300
[gunshots]
581
00:31:09.300 --> 00:31:13.720
582
00:31:13.720 --> 00:31:16.830
I compared it to learning to eat soup with a knife,
583
00:31:16.830 --> 00:31:19.670
not a policy I would recommend to anybody.
584
00:31:19.670 --> 00:31:22.870
And then I arrived in Al Anbar Province of Iraq,
585
00:31:22.870 --> 00:31:25.837
Iraq\'s Wild West, in the fall of 2003
586
00:31:25.837 --> 00:31:28.213
and the insurgency was erupting around us.
587
00:31:34.102 --> 00:31:36.852
[sirens wailing]
588
00:31:39.900 --> 00:31:43.020
Early one Sunday morning during shift change,
589
00:31:43.020 --> 00:31:46.590
when the maximum number of individuals were present,
590
00:31:46.590 --> 00:31:48.880
there was a car bomb attack on our police station.
591
00:31:48.880 --> 00:31:52.360
And well, over 40 policemen were killed,
592
00:31:52.360 --> 00:31:55.223
a scene of absolutely horrific carnage.
593
00:31:57.290 --> 00:32:01.040
The sophistication of the attack, the velocity,
594
00:32:01.040 --> 00:32:05.380
the ferocity of the weapon system that was used,
595
00:32:05.380 --> 00:32:08.610
the tactics of hitting us at shift change
596
00:32:08.610 --> 00:32:11.320
where the likely effect was at its worst,
597
00:32:11.320 --> 00:32:13.700
convinced me that we were not longer just fighting
598
00:32:13.700 --> 00:32:18.340
local insurgents, that Al Qaeda or Al Qaeda in Iraq,
599
00:32:18.340 --> 00:32:22.426
its new affiliate in Iraq, had moved into our sector.
600
00:32:22.426 --> 00:32:24.586
[fighters yelling]
601
00:32:24.586 --> 00:32:28.470
We had given our enemies a new reason to fight us
602
00:32:28.470 --> 00:32:30.660
and a new battlefield on which to fight us
603
00:32:30.660 --> 00:32:33.444
and given them new targets to attack.
604
00:32:33.444 --> 00:32:37.230
[car engine revving]
605
00:32:37.230 --> 00:32:42.090
606
00:32:42.090 --> 00:32:46.150
I was really shocked by what I saw.
607
00:32:46.150 --> 00:32:49.563
The neighborhoods were both deserted and blown up,
608
00:32:50.890 --> 00:32:55.120
these once prosperous areas with lawns and swimming pools
609
00:32:55.120 --> 00:32:58.193
and everything else were empty,
610
00:32:59.120 --> 00:33:01.440
tumbleweed literally blowing down the streets
611
00:33:01.440 --> 00:33:02.723
almost metaphorically.
612
00:33:03.908 --> 00:33:06.420
[soft music]
[car engine revving]
613
00:33:06.420 --> 00:33:09.930
614
00:33:09.930 --> 00:33:14.040
literally hundreds of military age males
615
00:33:14.040 --> 00:33:16.530
who might have been insurgents
616
00:33:16.530 --> 00:33:19.610
but most likely weren\'t and we were imprisoning
617
00:33:19.610 --> 00:33:22.603
literally thousands and thousands of innocent Iraqis.
618
00:33:23.879 --> 00:33:26.071
[alarm buzzing]
619
00:33:26.071 --> 00:33:26.950
[people shouting]
620
00:33:26.950 --> 00:33:28.990
621
00:33:28.990 --> 00:33:31.410
by pictures of Iraqi prisoners being abused
622
00:33:31.410 --> 00:33:33.000
by American soldiers.
623
00:33:33.000 --> 00:33:35.860
Many Americans will be disgusted by what they see
624
00:33:35.860 --> 00:33:39.380
and the damage to the US interest in the rest of the world
625
00:33:39.380 --> 00:33:42.173
is hard to calculate but it will be significant.
626
00:33:43.860 --> 00:33:48.650
627
00:33:48.650 --> 00:33:51.570
The images of Abu Ghraib will always
628
00:33:51.570 --> 00:33:52.960
be available on the internet,
629
00:33:52.960 --> 00:33:57.780
they are instantly recognizable to this day.
630
00:33:57.780 --> 00:33:58.730
[dogs barking]
631
00:33:58.730 --> 00:34:00.540
632
00:34:00.540 --> 00:34:02.470
for Zarqawi and his movement.
633
00:34:02.470 --> 00:34:03.368
[alarm buzzing]
634
00:34:03.368 --> 00:34:06.438
635
00:34:06.438 --> 00:34:07.820
and my mother\'s name is Suzanne.
636
00:34:07.820 --> 00:34:11.670
637
00:34:11.670 --> 00:34:14.383
The group uploaded a carefully staged video.
638
00:34:16.530 --> 00:34:18.310
In the center, on the floor,
639
00:34:18.310 --> 00:34:20.470
young American entrepreneur, Nicholas Berg
640
00:34:20.470 --> 00:34:23.130
is dressed in orange, just like the prisoners
641
00:34:23.130 --> 00:34:25.660
in Guantanamo and Abu Ghraib.
642
00:34:25.660 --> 00:34:28.970
Behind him, stand a group of masked men.
643
00:34:28.970 --> 00:34:33.361
Zarqawi is in the center, reading a prepared statement.
644
00:34:33.361 --> 00:34:37.778 line:15%
[Zarqawi speaks in foreign language]
645
00:35:00.150 --> 00:35:01.227
646
00:35:01.227 --> 00:35:03.393
and decapitated Nicholas Berg.
647
00:35:04.619 --> 00:35:07.647
The horrific scene would go viral on the internet.
648
00:35:09.249 --> 00:35:11.400
[Terrorists yelling]
649
00:35:11.400 --> 00:35:12.803
650
00:35:14.440 --> 00:35:19.440
You have new elements that promote terrorism in a way
651
00:35:23.480 --> 00:35:25.930
that we never experienced before.
652
00:35:25.930 --> 00:35:30.930
Social media for example, Facebook, Twitter and YouTube.
653
00:35:33.410 --> 00:35:37.390
Now people can radicalize without traveling
654
00:35:37.390 --> 00:35:39.571
to training camps.
655
00:35:39.571 --> 00:35:41.988
[soft music]
656
00:35:43.369 --> 00:35:47.702 line:15%
[Pierre speaks in foreign language]
657
00:36:28.342 --> 00:36:31.900
658
00:36:31.900 --> 00:36:36.143
We have ISIS in Iraq and Syria, you have Boko Haram.
659
00:36:38.100 --> 00:36:40.100
You have Al Shabaab movement in Somalia.
660
00:36:41.290 --> 00:36:44.050
You have Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula in Yemen.
661
00:36:44.050 --> 00:36:48.550
You have Ansar al-Sharia in Libya and Tunisia.
662
00:36:48.550 --> 00:36:50.650
You have Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb.
663
00:36:50.650 --> 00:36:52.200
You have al Marubitun brigade.
664
00:36:52.200 --> 00:36:55.560
All these groups came out of Al-Qaeda,
665
00:36:55.560 --> 00:36:57.713
came out of the narrative and ideology.
666
00:36:58.630 --> 00:36:59.990
[indistinct radio chatter]
667
00:36:59.990 --> 00:37:02.039
668
00:37:02.039 --> 00:37:02.938
Fucking A.
669
00:37:02.938 --> 00:37:04.580
[bomb explodes]
670
00:37:04.580 --> 00:37:06.731
671
00:37:06.731 --> 00:37:08.310
672
00:37:08.310 --> 00:37:09.820
673
00:37:09.820 --> 00:37:10.780
His arm\'s hurt.
674
00:37:10.780 --> 00:37:13.490
675
00:37:13.490 --> 00:37:15.180
and their regular armies,
676
00:37:15.180 --> 00:37:18.630
only to discover it was fighting a world-wide insurgency,
677
00:37:18.630 --> 00:37:20.403
connected by the internet.
678
00:37:21.400 --> 00:37:24.500
Uprisings were exploding in Iraq, Afghanistan
679
00:37:24.500 --> 00:37:26.123
and dozens of other countries.
680
00:37:27.020 --> 00:37:30.460
The US would need to invent a new strategy,
681
00:37:30.460 --> 00:37:32.641
one on a global scale.
682
00:37:32.641 --> 00:37:35.224
[upbeat music]
683
00:37:39.010 --> 00:37:41.470
[sirens wailing]
684
00:37:41.470 --> 00:37:44.010
685
00:37:44.010 --> 00:37:46.620
had just assassinated Sadr Al-Abed,
686
00:37:46.620 --> 00:37:49.440
a leader of the armed Palestinian group, Hamas
687
00:37:49.440 --> 00:37:51.690
together with his two bodyguards.
688
00:37:51.690 --> 00:37:53.780
689
00:37:53.780 --> 00:37:56.420 line:15%
a new weapon with which to respond.
690
00:37:56.420 --> 00:37:59.900 line:15%
The Israeli military began targeted assassinations
691
00:37:59.900 --> 00:38:02.701
in its battle with Palestinian militants.
692
00:38:02.701 --> 00:38:05.451
[people yelling]
693
00:38:06.572 --> 00:38:10.989 line:15%
[Farkash speaks in foreign language]
694
00:38:21.389 --> 00:38:24.222
[people shouting]
695
00:38:28.310 --> 00:38:32.060 line:15%
[speaks in foreign language]
696
00:38:49.395 --> 00:38:51.812
[soft music]
697
00:38:54.395 --> 00:38:58.145 line:15%
[speaks in foreign language]
698
00:39:10.126 --> 00:39:13.293
[helicopter whirring]
699
00:39:15.532 --> 00:39:18.199
[bomb explodes]
700
00:39:19.343 --> 00:39:23.093 line:15%
[speaks in foreign language]
701
00:39:41.237 --> 00:39:42.560
702
00:39:42.560 --> 00:39:44.143
let me know if you can see the target
703
00:39:44.143 --> 00:39:47.613
and I\'ll start to [indistinct].
704
00:39:47.613 --> 00:39:49.360
705
00:39:49.360 --> 00:39:51.223
706
00:39:51.223 --> 00:39:54.757
[bombs explodes]
707
00:39:54.757 --> 00:39:56.340
708
00:39:56.340 --> 00:39:57.660 line:15%
the same tactics,
709
00:39:57.660 --> 00:40:00.170 line:15%
helping them avoid a permanent military presence
710
00:40:00.170 --> 00:40:01.660 line:15%
on the ground fighting a protected
711
00:40:01.660 --> 00:40:03.513 line:15%
counter-insurgency campaign.
712
00:40:04.386 --> 00:40:06.780 line:15%
[cameras clicking]
713
00:40:06.780 --> 00:40:07.613 line:15%
714
00:40:08.650 --> 00:40:09.803 line:15%
Last night in Iraq,
715
00:40:10.640 --> 00:40:12.550
United States Military forces killed
716
00:40:12.550 --> 00:40:15.170
the terrorist, Al Zarqawi.
717
00:40:17.123 --> 00:40:21.010
6:15 Baghdad time, special operation forces
718
00:40:21.010 --> 00:40:24.170
acting on tips and intelligence from Iraqis
719
00:40:24.170 --> 00:40:28.620
confirmed Zarqawi\'s location and delivered justice
720
00:40:28.620 --> 00:40:30.973
to the most wanted terrorist in Iraq.
721
00:40:32.496 --> 00:40:33.329
[cameras clicking]
722
00:40:33.329 --> 00:40:34.960
723
00:40:34.960 --> 00:40:36.963
of targeted assassinations?
724
00:40:38.350 --> 00:40:43.110
725
00:40:43.110 --> 00:40:46.893
Al Qaeda prime, the organization that came after us on 9/11.
726
00:40:49.110 --> 00:40:51.870
Don\'t believe me, believe Al Qaeda.
727
00:40:51.870 --> 00:40:53.890
There are letters between bin Laden
728
00:40:53.890 --> 00:40:55.260
and his chief lieutenant,
729
00:40:55.260 --> 00:40:58.550
and they are all about to targeted killing program.
730
00:40:58.550 --> 00:41:01.840
And if you read those letters, all right?
731
00:41:01.840 --> 00:41:03.940
They\'re not complaining about collateral damage.
732
00:41:03.940 --> 00:41:05.090
In fact, they\'re complaining
733
00:41:05.090 --> 00:41:06.893
that these things are damn precise.
734
00:41:08.430 --> 00:41:10.533
735
00:41:12.570 --> 00:41:14.950
both here at home and abroad understandably
736
00:41:14.950 --> 00:41:17.400
centers around the report of civilian casualties.
737
00:41:18.830 --> 00:41:20.190
But as a Commander in Chief,
738
00:41:20.190 --> 00:41:22.640
I must weigh these heartbreaking tragedies
739
00:41:22.640 --> 00:41:24.283
against the alternatives.
740
00:41:27.280 --> 00:41:30.190
To do nothing in the face of terrorists networks
741
00:41:31.900 --> 00:41:34.733
would invite far more civilian casualties.
742
00:41:35.767 --> 00:41:38.810
[speaks in foreign language]
743
00:41:38.810 --> 00:41:41.240
744
00:41:41.240 --> 00:41:44.290
by Israel and the United States as war crimes,
745
00:41:44.290 --> 00:41:46.290
for their killing of innocent civilians.
746
00:41:47.290 --> 00:41:52.290
On July 22nd, 2002, an Israeli F-16 dropped a one-ton bomb
747
00:41:52.780 --> 00:41:55.630
into a densely populated residential neighborhood
748
00:41:55.630 --> 00:41:59.130
in Gaza City, killing Salah Shehadeh,
749
00:41:59.130 --> 00:42:01.943
the military leader of Hamas in the Gaza Strip.
750
00:42:02.960 --> 00:42:05.980
The bomb also killed 13 civilians,
751
00:42:05.980 --> 00:42:10.600
mostly women and children, scores more were wounded.
752
00:42:11.474 --> 00:42:12.522
[people shouting]
753
00:42:12.522 --> 00:42:15.272
[sirens wailing]
754
00:42:17.933 --> 00:42:22.350 line:15%
[Farkash speaks in foreign language]
755
00:42:57.453 --> 00:43:00.203
[drone whirring]
756
00:43:04.584 --> 00:43:09.001 line:15%
[Farkash speaks in foreign language]
757
00:43:31.821 --> 00:43:34.738
[jet engine roars]
758
00:43:39.650 --> 00:43:42.233 line:15%
[upbeat music]
759
00:43:45.821 --> 00:43:50.238 line:15%
[Farkash speaks in foreign language]
760
00:44:04.722 --> 00:44:07.392
[jet engine roaring]
761
00:44:07.392 --> 00:44:10.672
[bomb explodes]
762
00:44:10.672 --> 00:44:15.089 line:15%
[Farkash speaks in foreign language]
763
00:44:24.652 --> 00:44:27.319
[women weeping]
764
00:44:35.696 --> 00:44:40.113 line:15%
[Farkash speaks in foreign language]
765
00:44:53.556 --> 00:44:56.306
[sirens wailing]
766
00:44:57.658 --> 00:45:00.658
[mourners shouting]
767
00:45:11.319 --> 00:45:12.570
768
00:45:12.570 --> 00:45:14.700
Hamas militant leader to be killed,
769
00:45:14.700 --> 00:45:17.680
and certainly, not the last.
770
00:45:17.680 --> 00:45:22.257
Israel kept killing and Hamas kept finding new replacements.
771
00:45:23.130 --> 00:45:26.540
But each murder only strengthened Hamas in the Gaza strip
772
00:45:26.540 --> 00:45:29.016
and consolidated its power.
773
00:45:29.016 --> 00:45:30.730
[mourners shouting]
774
00:45:30.730 --> 00:45:33.070
775
00:45:33.070 --> 00:45:36.650
and blood when each killing mobilizes more people
776
00:45:36.650 --> 00:45:38.400
to join these organizations?
777
00:45:38.400 --> 00:45:40.020
778
00:45:40.020 --> 00:45:41.350
In one way or another,
779
00:45:41.350 --> 00:45:45.670
we might be feeling out the Jihadi recruitment video.
780
00:45:45.670 --> 00:45:48.960
It certainly made relationships to their allies
781
00:45:48.960 --> 00:45:50.000
more complicated.
782
00:45:50.000 --> 00:45:52.788
I understand that, we\'re not stupid.
783
00:45:52.788 --> 00:45:54.800
[protesters shouting]
784
00:45:54.800 --> 00:45:57.830
If you think drone strikes have people flocking
785
00:45:57.830 --> 00:45:59.830
to the black banners, let me tell you
786
00:45:59.830 --> 00:46:02.640
will get people flocking with the black banners.
787
00:46:02.640 --> 00:46:05.400
A successful major attack on the United States,
788
00:46:05.400 --> 00:46:06.700
that\'ll get people flocking.
789
00:46:06.700 --> 00:46:08.240
You wanna see recruitment?
790
00:46:08.240 --> 00:46:09.590
That\'ll create recruitment.
791
00:46:11.559 --> 00:46:12.670
[phone ringing]
792
00:46:12.670 --> 00:46:14.770
Late in my time as director,
793
00:46:14.770 --> 00:46:17.620
I\'m actually president Obama\'s director for a few weeks
794
00:46:17.620 --> 00:46:20.670
and I was able to brief a successful operational act
795
00:46:20.670 --> 00:46:22.930
in the margins of a national security council meeting.
796
00:46:22.930 --> 00:46:25.600
And Rahm Emanuel, the President\'s new Chief of Staff
797
00:46:25.600 --> 00:46:28.370
comes up at the end of the meeting, pushes me in the back.
798
00:46:28.370 --> 00:46:29.990
I turned around, \"Oh, hey Rahm?\"
799
00:46:29.990 --> 00:46:33.090
He said, \"Hey, good on you guys, good work.\"
800
00:46:33.090 --> 00:46:35.240
Now, I\'m leaving government in a few days,
801
00:46:35.240 --> 00:46:38.140
this is my last chance to talk to the administration.
802
00:46:38.140 --> 00:46:39.447
And so I simply looked them in the eye and said,
803
00:46:39.447 --> 00:46:41.350
\"Rahm thanks, that\'s very kind of you to say that.
804
00:46:41.350 --> 00:46:45.633
But you know, Rahm, that was a counter terrorism success,
805
00:46:46.510 --> 00:46:48.733
unless you change the facts on the ground,
806
00:46:50.640 --> 00:46:52.277
we get to kill people forever.\"
807
00:46:53.525 --> 00:46:54.358
[cameras clicking]
808
00:46:54.358 --> 00:46:56.350
809
00:46:56.350 --> 00:46:57.980
was supposed to have weakened Al Qaeda
810
00:46:57.980 --> 00:47:00.560
but did not stop the spread of Jihad,
811
00:47:00.560 --> 00:47:03.560
the targeted assassination of Zarqawi and the defeat
812
00:47:03.560 --> 00:47:06.590
of his movement proved to be a temporary success.
813
00:47:07.474 --> 00:47:11.641
[man singing in foreign language]
814
00:47:12.965 --> 00:47:16.612
815
00:47:16.612 --> 00:47:19.500
[man singing in foreign language]
816
00:47:19.500 --> 00:47:21.680
817
00:47:21.680 --> 00:47:24.660
rose again out of its defeat in Iraq,
818
00:47:24.660 --> 00:47:27.853
seizing the opportunity of the Syrian Civil War.
819
00:47:28.930 --> 00:47:33.930
Under a new leadership, it grew in size, scope and ambition,
820
00:47:34.260 --> 00:47:37.990
reincarnated with a new name, Daesh,
821
00:47:37.990 --> 00:47:40.433
the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.
822
00:47:41.369 --> 00:47:43.272
[bomb explodes]
823
00:47:43.272 --> 00:47:46.640
[man singing in foreign language]
824
00:47:46.640 --> 00:47:48.400
825
00:47:48.400 --> 00:47:51.073
centered in Afghanistan and Pakistan,
826
00:47:53.210 --> 00:47:56.363
and there was Al Qaeda 2.0, Al Qaeda in Iraq.
827
00:47:58.510 --> 00:48:02.620
And now today ISIS, the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria,
828
00:48:02.620 --> 00:48:03.813
is Al Qaeda 3.0.
829
00:48:05.270 --> 00:48:08.700
It is the most successful terror organization in history,
830
00:48:08.700 --> 00:48:11.400
it controls a broader swath of territory
831
00:48:11.400 --> 00:48:14.000
than any terror organization ever has
832
00:48:14.000 --> 00:48:16.640
in the history of the planet.
833
00:48:16.640 --> 00:48:19.980
And it is implementing Al Qaeda\'s core idea,
834
00:48:19.980 --> 00:48:22.090
it is establishing a caliphate
835
00:48:22.090 --> 00:48:25.243
within which sharia law is practiced.
836
00:48:25.243 --> 00:48:29.410
[man singing in foreign language]
837
00:48:37.760 --> 00:48:40.730
838
00:48:40.730 --> 00:48:42.930
and now we find ourselves with ISIS,
839
00:48:42.930 --> 00:48:47.290
which probably will be defeated in time and then?
840
00:48:47.290 --> 00:48:49.830
It sounds to me like we are in a perpetual war.
841
00:48:49.830 --> 00:48:53.920
842
00:48:53.920 --> 00:48:56.703
of some kind of perpetual war.
843
00:48:57.950 --> 00:49:02.850
I think that at least has to be within the spectrum
844
00:49:02.850 --> 00:49:06.563
of future scenarios.
845
00:49:08.290 --> 00:49:10.750
There\'s no question that a number
846
00:49:10.750 --> 00:49:13.720
of these different movements are going to be
847
00:49:13.720 --> 00:49:16.823
very difficult to defeat and keep defeated.
848
00:49:17.770 --> 00:49:20.243
849
00:49:21.310 --> 00:49:24.610
Aren\'t you worried about the price we pay as a society
850
00:49:24.610 --> 00:49:26.283
for this open-ended war?
851
00:49:27.640 --> 00:49:32.640
852
00:49:33.260 --> 00:49:35.140
we\'re engaged in at present
853
00:49:35.140 --> 00:49:38.083
and could be engaged in, in the future.
854
00:49:39.110 --> 00:49:44.110
I think we have to be sensitive to what the ramifications
855
00:49:44.440 --> 00:49:47.510
of that might be for our society,
856
00:49:47.510 --> 00:49:50.649
for our political processes.
857
00:49:50.649 --> 00:49:53.816
[helicopter whirring]
858
00:50:01.100 --> 00:50:04.430
859
00:50:04.430 --> 00:50:09.090
in Iraq, in Syria in particular right now
860
00:50:09.090 --> 00:50:11.783
with the millions of refugees that have been created.
861
00:50:16.760 --> 00:50:20.070
Until we can conceive of this war as a war of ideas,
862
00:50:20.070 --> 00:50:25.070
until we understand that we have to help Islamic governments
863
00:50:26.140 --> 00:50:30.320
provide the necessities of life but more importantly,
864
00:50:30.320 --> 00:50:33.660
provide economic opportunity, education
865
00:50:33.660 --> 00:50:38.410
and a hope of a brighter future for their peoples,
866
00:50:38.410 --> 00:50:41.315
that this war can not be won.
867
00:50:41.315 --> 00:50:43.732
[soft music]
868
00:50:47.920 --> 00:50:50.080
A whole lot of my friends have been killed in these wars,
869
00:50:50.080 --> 00:50:53.083
a whole lot of my friends have lost limbs and eyes, vision,
870
00:50:54.050 --> 00:50:56.433
their memories, their minds, their futures.
871
00:50:58.040 --> 00:50:59.800
What is so unbelievably frustrating
872
00:50:59.800 --> 00:51:02.610
is that so many of them died unnecessarily,
873
00:51:02.610 --> 00:51:07.260
and that the expenditure of their blood has resulted
874
00:51:07.260 --> 00:51:09.263
in so little progress in this war.
875
00:51:10.246 --> 00:51:11.450
[helicopter whirring]
876
00:51:11.450 --> 00:51:13.970
877
00:51:13.970 --> 00:51:16.883
left behind by war in the Middle East.
878
00:51:18.240 --> 00:51:21.040
But it\'s far more difficult to see the invisible
879
00:51:21.040 --> 00:51:22.543
wounds to our society.
880
00:51:23.853 --> 00:51:26.270
[soft music]
Distributor: Icarus Films
Length: 52 minutes
Date: 2022
Genre: Expository
Language: English / English subtitles
Color/BW:
Closed Captioning: Available
Existing customers, please log in to view this film.
New to Docuseek? Register to request a quote.
Related Films
Adam Smith, The Birth of the Free Market
Edward Said: The Last Interview
An extended discussion with noted literary critic and Palestinian activist…
State of Terrorism - Part 1
The war that was launched in the name of defense of our democracies might…
